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Rusyn language
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=== Consonants === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |[[Labial consonant|Labial]] ! colspan="2" |[[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br>[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ! colspan="2" |[[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]] ! rowspan="2" |[[Velar consonant|Velar]] ! rowspan="2" |[[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- !<small>hard</small> !<small>soft</small> !<small>hard</small> !<small>soft</small> |- ! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | {{IPA link|m}} | {{IPA link|n}} | {{IPA link|nʲ}} | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]] !<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small> | {{IPA link|p}} | {{IPA link|t}} | {{IPA link|tʲ}} | | | {{IPA link|k}} | |- !<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small> | {{IPA link|b}} | {{IPA link|d}} | {{IPA link|dʲ}} | | | {{IPA link|ɡ}} | |- ! rowspan="2" |[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]] !<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small> | | {{IPA link|t͡s}} | {{IPA link|t͡sʲ}} | {{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} | | | |- !<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small> | | {{IPA link|d͡z}} | {{IPA link|d͡zʲ}} | {{IPA link|d͡ʒ}} | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] !<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small> | {{IPA link|f}} | {{IPA link|s}} | {{IPA link|sʲ}} | {{IPA link|ʃ}} | ({{IPA link|ʃʲ}}) | {{IPA link|x}} | {{IPA link|h}} |- !<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small> | {{IPA link|v}} | {{IPA link|z}} | {{IPA link|zʲ}} | {{IPA link|ʒ}} | ({{IPA link|ʒʲ}}) | | |- ! colspan="2" |[[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]] | | {{IPA link|r}} | {{IPA link|rʲ}} | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |[[Lateral consonant|Approximant]] !<small>[[Lateral approximant|lateral]]</small> | | {{IPA link|l}} | {{IPA link|lʲ}} | | | | |- !<small>[[Approximant consonant|central]]</small> | ({{IPA link|w}}){{efn|group=b|The [{{IPA link|w}}] sound only exists within alteration of [{{IPA link|v}}]. However, in the [[Lemko language|Lemko variety]], the [{{IPA link|w}}] sound also represents the non-palatalized L, as is the case with the Polish [[ł]].}} | | | | {{IPA link|j}} | | |} {{notelist|group=b}} A soft consonant combination sound [{{IPA|ʃʲt͡ʃʲ}}] exists more among the northern and western dialects. In the eastern dialects the sound is recognized as [{{IPA|ʃʲʃʲ}}], including the area on which the standard dialect is based. It is noted that a combination sound like this one, could have evolved into a soft fricative sound [{{IPA|ʃʲ}}].{{sfn|Pugh|2009|p=476}}
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