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Euro
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===Unilateral direct usage=== The euro has been adopted unilaterally as the sole currency of Montenegro and Kosovo. It has also been used as a foreign trading currency in Cuba since 1998,<ref>{{cite news| title=Cuba to adopt euro in foreign trade |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/210441.stm |work=BBC News |date=8 November 1998 |access-date=2 January 2008}}</ref> Syria since 2006,<ref>{{cite news| title= US row leads Syria to snub dollar | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4713622.stm |work=BBC News |date=14 February 2006 | access-date=2 January 2008}}</ref> and Venezuela since 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-16/dollars-are-out-euros-are-in-as-u-s-sanctions-sting-venezuela|title=Dollars Are Out, Euros Are in as U.S. Sanctions Sting Venezuela|last1=Rosati|first1=Andrew|date=17 October 2018|work=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]|access-date=17 June 2019|last2=Zerpa|first2=Fabiola}}</ref> In 2009, Zimbabwe abandoned its [[Zimbabwean dollar|local currency]] and introduced major global convertible currencies instead, including the euro and the United States dollar. The direct usage of the euro outside of the official framework of the EU affects nearly 3 million people.<ref>{{Cite news| title=Zimbabwe: A Critical Review of Sterp |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200904170690.html |date=17 April 2009 |access-date=30 April 2009}}</ref>
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