Editing Rusyn language (section)

==== Grammatical cases ====

As mentioned in the preceding section, Rusyn cases are similar to those of other Slavic languages. A ''very general'' summary of usage is given in the table below, though proper usage depends on a particular situation, prepositions, and verbs used, as well as other extenuating circumstances.{{sfn|Pugh|2009|p=43-44}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Cases in Rusyn
|-
!scope="col"| Full name (Rusyn)
!scope="col"| Case
!scope="col"| ''General'' Usage
|-
| номінатів
!scope="row"|[[nominative case|nominative]]
| Subjects
|-
| акузатів
!scope="row"|[[accusative case|accusative]]
| Direct objects
|-
| ґенітів
!scope="row"|[[genitive case|genitive]]
| Possession or belonging (i.e. "of" or [[English possessive | English possessive suffix ''-'s'']])
|-
| датів
!scope="row"|[[dative case|dative]]
| Indirect objects (i.e. "to" or "for")
|-
| локал
!scope="row"|[[locative case|locative]]
| Concerning location. Only used with prepositions such as "in", "on", etc.
|-
| інштрументал
!scope="row"|[[instrumental case|instrumental]]
| Concerning "means by which".
|-
| вокатів
!scope="row"|[[vocative case|vocative]]
| Used to address another.
|}

Nouns will generally decline differently to indicate each case (e.g. English ''they/them/their/theirs''). Based on ''how'' they decline, nouns can be grouped into one of four "types".
* '''Type I''': feminine nouns ending in '''-а'''/'''-я''' in the nominative singular
* '''Type II''':
** masculine nouns ending in a consonant in the nominative singular
** neuter and masculine nouns ending in a consonant or '''-o''' in the nominative singular
** neuters ending in '''-e''' or '''-а'''/'''-я''' in the nominative singular
* '''Type III''':
** feminine nouns ending in a ''paired consonant'' ('''-cons.+ь'''),{{efn-lr|name=pairing}} an ''unpaired [[palato-alveolar consonant]]'' ('''-ш''', '''-ч''', '''щ''', '''-ж''', or '''-дж'''),{{efn-lr|name=hushers|Pugh refers to these collectively as "hushers".}} or '''-ов''' in the nominative singular
** the feminine noun {{langx|rue|label=none|translit-std=BGN/PCGN|мати|maty|mother}} 
* '''Type IV''': neuter nouns ending in '''-а'''/'''-я''' in the nominative singular