Editing Shilha language (section)

===Personal pronouns===
There are three basic sets of personal pronouns:
*independent
*direct object clitics
*suffixes
In addition, there are two derived sets which contain the suffixed pronouns (except in 1st singular):
*indirect object clitics
*possessive complements
Gender is consistently marked on 2nd singular, and on 2nd and 3rd plural. Gender is not consistently marked on 3rd singular and 1st plural. Gender is never marked on 1st singular.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="3" |
! Independent
! Direct object clitics
! Suffixes
! Indirect object clitics
! Possessive complements
|-
! rowspan="3" | 1
! colspan="2" | sg.
| {{Lang|shi-latn|nkki(n)}}|| {{Lang|shi-latn|yyi}}||V-{{Lang|shi-latn|Ø}} / C-{{Lang|shi-latn|i}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|yyi}}||V {{Lang|shi-latn|nw}} / C {{Lang|shi-latn|inw}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | pl.
! m.
| {{Lang|shi-latn|nkk°ni(n)}}||rowspan="2"|{{Lang|shi-latn|a(n)ɣ}}|| rowspan="2"|{{Lang|shi-latn|-nɣ}}|| rowspan="2"|{{Lang|shi-latn|a-(n)ɣ}}|| rowspan="2"|{{Lang|shi-latn|nnɣ}}
|-
! f.
| {{Lang|shi-latn|nkk°nti(n)}}
|-
! rowspan="4" | 2
! rowspan="2" | sg.
! m.
| {{Lang|shi-latn|kyyi(n)}}|| {{Lang|shi-latn|k}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|-k}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|a-k}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|nn-k}}
|-
! f.
| {{Lang|shi-latn|kmmi(n)}}|| {{Lang|shi-latn|km}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|-m}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|a-m}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|nn-m}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | pl.
! m.
| {{Lang|shi-latn|k°nni(n)}}|| {{Lang|shi-latn|k°n}}||V-{{Lang|shi-latn|wn}} / C-{{Lang|shi-latn|un}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|a-wn}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|nn-un}}
|-
! f.
| {{Lang|shi-latn|k°nnimti(n)}}|| {{Lang|shi-latn|k°nt}}||V-{{Lang|shi-latn|wnt}} / C-{{Lang|shi-latn|unt}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|a-wnt}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|nn-unt}}
|-
! rowspan="4" | 3
! rowspan="2" | sg.
! m.
| {{Lang|shi-latn|ntta(n)}}|| {{Lang|shi-latn|t}}|| rowspan="2"|{{Lang|shi-latn|-s}}|| rowspan="2"|{{Lang|shi-latn|a-s}}|| rowspan="2"|{{Lang|shi-latn|nn-s}}
|-
! f.
| {{Lang|shi-latn|nttat}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|tt}} / {{Lang|shi-latn|stt}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | pl.
! m.
| {{Lang|shi-latn|nttni(n)}}|| {{Lang|shi-latn|tn}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|-sn}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|a-sn}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|nn-sn}}
|-
! f.
| {{Lang|shi-latn|nttnti(n)}}|| {{Lang|shi-latn|tnt}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|-snt}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|a-snt}}||{{Lang|shi-latn|nn-snt}}
|-
|colspan="8" align="center"| ∅ = zero morpheme
|}

The independent ("overt") pronouns are used to topicalize the subject or the object.

{{interlinear|lang=shi-latn|indent=3
|'''nkk°ni''' wr a nlssa turẓyin n wagg°ri
|wie not we.wear EL-sandals of EA-alfa
|"as for us, we don't wear sandals [made] of alfa"}}
{{interlinear|lang=shi-latn|indent=3
|tumɣarin '''nttntin''' a ybnnun andaru n ifullusn
|EL-women they it.is.that who.is.building EL-coop of EA-chickens
|"the women, they're the ones who (usually) build a chicken coop"}}

They are also used with certain pseudo-prepositions such as {{Lang|shi-latn|zund}} "like", {{Lang|shi-latn|abla}} "except":

{{interlinear|lang=shi-latn|indent=3
|ɛlah, '''nkki''', giɣ aɣyul zund '''kyyi'''?
|why I I.am EL-ass like you
|"why, [as for] me, am I an ass like you?"}}
{{interlinear|lang=shi-latn|indent=3
|ur iqqadda ay yak°r abla '''k°nni'''
|not it.is.likely that he.steals except you.mpl
|"no one could have stolen [it] except you lot"}}

The direct object clitics are used with transitive verbs:

{{interlinear|lang=shi-latn|indent=3
|yuzn '''tn''' s tmzgida
|he-sent them to EA-Koranic.school
|"he sent them to the Koranic school"}}
{{interlinear|lang=shi-latn|indent=3
|iɣ '''yyi''' yut ar ttrwalɣ
|when me he.beats I.am.running.away
|"when he beats me I run away"}}

The 3rd singular feminine variant {{Lang|shi-latn|stt}} is used after a dental stop, compare:
:{{Lang|shi-latn|awi '''tt''' id}} "bring her here!" (imperative singular)
:{{Lang|shi-latn|awyat '''stt''' id}} "bring her here!" (imperative plural masculine)
The direct object clitics are also used to indicate the ''subject'' with pseudo-verbs,<ref>Cf. Kossmann (2012:86–7).</ref> and with the [[Presentative (grammar)|presentative]] particle {{Lang|shi-latn|ha}} "here is, {{Lang|fr|voici}}":
:{{Lang|shi-latn|waḥdu yyi}} (alone me) "I alone"
:{{Lang|shi-latn|kullu tn}} (all them) "they all, all of them"
:{{Lang|shi-latn|laḥ t}} (absent him) "he's not there, he's disappeared"
:{{Lang|shi-latn|manza tt}} (where her) "where is she?"
:{{Lang|shi-latn|ha yyi}} (here.is me) "here I am"
The pronominal suffixes are used with prepositions to indicate the object (see {{section link| |Prepositions}}), and with a closed set of necessarily possessed kinship terms to indicate possession (see {{section link| |Possessed nouns}}). The plural forms add an infix {{Lang|shi-latn|-t-}} before the suffix with kinship terms, for example {{Lang|shi-latn|baba-t-nɣ}} "our father" (never *{{Lang|shi-latn|baba-nɣ}}); this infix also occurs with some prepositions as a free or dialectal variant of the form without the {{Lang|shi-latn|-t-}}:
:{{Lang|shi-latn|flla-sn}} or {{Lang|shi-latn|flla-t-sn}} "on them"
:{{Lang|shi-latn|dar-sn}} "with them" (never *{{Lang|shi-latn|dar-t-sn}})

The indirect object clitics convey both benefactive and detrimental meaning:

{{interlinear|lang=shi-latn|indent=3
|alliɣ immut babas ifl '''as''' d ayda nns
|when he.died father-her he.left to.her hither EL-possessions of.him
|"when her father died he left her his possessions"}}
{{interlinear|lang=shi-latn|indent=3
|tamurɣi tcca y '''as''' tibḥirt nns
|EL-locust she.ate to.her EL-vegetable.patch of.her
|"the locusts, they've eaten her vegetable patch"}}

The possessive complements follow the noun (see {{section link| |Possession}}).