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Rusyn language
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===== Masculines ending in consonants ===== This declension contains a large amount of identical forms ([[Syncretism (linguistics)|syncretism]]) between cases. Depending on the noun, the number of distinct forms may number from as few as 3 to as many as 6. For singular animate nouns, there is a single form for the accusative and genitive cases, as well as a single form for the dative and locative cases. Similarly, singular inanimate nouns share a form for nominative and locative cases.{{sfn|Pugh|2009|p=50}} {|class=wikitable |+Masculine Nouns Ending in a Consonant in the Nominative Singular{{sfn|Pugh|2009|p=50}} |- !colspan="2" rowspan="2"| !colspan="2"|Animate !colspan="2"|Inanimate |- !|Hard !|Soft !|Hard !|Soft |- !rowspan="7"|Sg. !Nominative |сын |учітель |rowspan="2"|стіл |rowspan="2"|край |- !Accusative |rowspan="2"|сын'''а''' |rowspan="2"|учітел'''я''' |- !Genitive{{efn | group=a | For this declension, nouns may decline with either '''-u''' or '''-a'''. Use of one or the other depends on whether the concept or object is (''very generally'') abstract or tangible in nature. For instance, Pugh provides the following examples for the former: "anger, pain, reason, sugar, tea"; and the following for the latter: "table, nose, knife, et al."}}{{sfn|Pugh|2009|p=50}} |стол'''а''' |кра'''ю''' |- !Dative |rowspan="2"|сын'''ови''' |rowspan="2"|учітел'''ёви''' |стол'''у''' |кра'''ю''' |- !Locative |стол'''ї''' |кра'''ю''' |- !Instrumental |сын'''ом''' |учітел'''ём''' |стіл'''ом''' |кра'''ём''' |- !Vocative |сын'''у''' |учітел'''ю''' |стол'''е''' |кра'''ю''' |- <!--------- PLURAL ------------> !rowspan="6"|Pl. !Nominative |сын'''ове''' |учітел'''ї''' |стол'''ы''' |кра'''ї''' |- !Accusative |сын'''ів''' |учітел'''їв''' |стол'''ы''' |кра'''ї''' |- !Genitive |сын'''ів''' |учітел'''їв''' |стол'''ів''' |кра'''їв''' |- !Dative |сын'''ам''' <br/> сын'''ім''' |учітел'''ям''' <br/> учітел'''їм''' |стол'''ам''' <br/> стол'''ім''' |кра'''ям''' <br/> кра'''їм''' |- !Locative |сын'''ох''' <br/> сын'''ах''' |учітел'''ях''' <br/> учітел'''ёх''' |стол'''ох''' <br/> стол'''ах''' |кра'''ях''' <br/> кра'''ёх''' |- !Instrumental |сын'''ами''' |учітел'''ями''' |стол'''ами''' |кра'''ями''' |- !colspan="2"|English |son |teacher |table |area, region |} {{notelist|group=a}}
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