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Natural semantic metalanguage
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===NSM syntax=== NSM primes can be combined in a limited set of [[Case grammar|syntactic frames]] that are also universal.<ref name="Semantic Analysis" /> These [[Valency (linguistics)|valency]] options specify the specific types of grammatical functions that can be combined with the primes. While these combinations can be realized differently in other languages, it is believed that the meanings expressed by these syntactic combinations are universal. Examples of valency frames for the "say" semantic prime: * someone said something→[minimal frame] * someone said: '––'→[direct speech] * someone said something to someone→[plus 'addressee'] * someone said something about something/someone→[plus 'locutionary topic']<ref name="Semantic Analysis" />
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