Editing Regions of Europe (section)

== Contemporary ==
{{Supranational European Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}

=== Economic and political ===
[[File:European Single Market integration.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|[[European Single Market]] integration:{{Leftlegend|#039|[[Member states of the European Union|European Union member states]] form the [[European Single Market]]}}{{Leftlegend|#a050ff|Non-EU states that participate in the EU Single Market with exceptions: [[Iceland]], [[Liechtenstein]], [[Norway]] and [[Switzerland]] (see also [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]])}}{{Leftlegend|#c39467|Part of a former EU state that remains partially aligned to the EU Single Market on goods: [[Northern Ireland]] in the [[United Kingdom]] (see also [[Brexit and the Irish border]])}}{{Leftlegend|#46a43b|Non-EU states with a [[Stabilisation and Association Process|Stabilisation and Association Agreement]] with the EU allowing for participation in selected sectors of the Single Market: EU accession candidates [[Albania]], [[Montenegro]], [[North Macedonia]] and [[Serbia]]; EU accession potential candidates: [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Kosovo]]}}{{Leftlegend|#F29527|Non-EU states with a [[Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area]] agreement with the EU allowing for participation in selected sectors of the Single Market: [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Moldova]] and [[Ukraine]]}}{{Leftlegend|#ffd617|Non-EU states which have a bilateral Customs Union arrangement with the EU:  [[Turkey]] ([[European Union–Turkey relations|an accession candidate]]), [[Andorra]] and [[San Marino]]}}]]

* '''[[European Union|European Union (EU)]]'''
: Countries that are member states of the political and economic bloc (27 as of 2024):
: [[Austria]], [[Belgium]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]], [[Cyprus]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Denmark]], [[Estonia]], [[Finland]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Greece]], [[Hungary]], [[Ireland]], [[Italy]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Malta]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Poland]], [[Portugal]], [[Romania]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Spain]], and [[Sweden]].

* '''[[EU Med Group]]'''
: An alliance of Mediterranean countries within EU:
: Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain.

* '''[[Eurozone]]'''
: Countries that have adopted the [[euro]] as their currency:
: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, Portugal, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Vatican City.

* '''[[European Free Trade Association|European Free Trade Association (EFTA)]]'''
: A free trade organisation that operates in parallel with, and is linked by treaties to, the EU:
: Liechtenstein, Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland.

* '''[[Central European Free Trade Agreement|Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)]]'''
: A free trade agreement among non-EU members:
: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,  Kosovo (represented by [[UNMIK]]), Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia.

* '''[[Schengen Area]]'''
: A borderless zone created by the Schengen Agreements, comprising:
: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden; in addition, by separate agreements Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland fully apply the provisions of the [[Schengen acquis|Schengen ''acquis'']].

* [[European Union Customs Union]]
: A customs union of all the member states of the European Union (EU) and some neighbouring countries:
: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden. Andorra, San Marino, and Turkey are each in customs union with the EU's customs territory. 

* '''[[Eurasian Economic Union|Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)]]'''
: An economic union of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia. Moldova and Uzbekistan hold observer status.

* '''[[Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area]]'''
: A free trade agreement among the members of the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]]: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, and Tajikistan.

* '''[[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]]'''
: A forum of regional economic cooperation:
: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine.

=== Other political ===
[[File:European Union Eastern Partnership.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|Members of the [[Eastern Partnership]]]]

* '''[[Council of Europe]]'''
: An international organisation whose stated aim is to uphold human rights, democracy, and the rule of law in Europe, and to promote European culture.
: It has 46 member states, with approximately 820 million people.

*'''[[Eastern European Group]]''' 
: One of five [[United Nations Regional Groups|United Nations regional groups]]
: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine.

* '''[[Eastern Partnership]]''' and the '''[[Euronest Parliamentary Assembly]]'''
: A group of former Soviet Eastern European countries cooperating with the EU:
: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine.

* '''[[European Political Community]]'''
: An intergovernmental forum for political and strategic discussions about the future of Europe, with participants from 47 European countries.

* '''[[OECD]] Europe countries'''
: European countries that are a part of the OECD:
: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.

* '''[[Central European Initiative]]'''
: A forum of regional cooperation including:
: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine.

* '''[[Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations]]'''
: A group of former Soviet disputed states in Eastern Europe:
: [[Abkhazia]], [[South Ossetia]], and [[Transnistria]].

* '''[[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]]'''
: The world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization, with 57 participating states mostly in the Northern Hemisphere.

* '''[[Visegrád Group]]'''
: A cultural and political alliance of four Central European states for the purposes of furthering their European integration, as well as for advancing military, economic and energy cooperation with one another:
: [[Poland]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia]], and [[Hungary]].

* '''[[Centrope]]'''
: An Interreg IIIA project to establish a multinational region in Central Europe encompassing four European countries: Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, and the Czech Republic.

* '''[[Middleeuropean Initiative]]'''
: Promotes Central European cooperation.

* '''[[Three Seas Initiative]]'''

=== Geographical ===
==== Peninsulas ====
* '''[[Italian Peninsula|Apennine Peninsula]] (Italian Peninsula)'''
: Located in the south of Europe, the Apennine Peninsula contains the states of [[Italy]], [[San Marino]], and [[Vatican City]]

* '''[[Balkans|Balkan Peninsula]]'''
: The Balkan Peninsula is located in Southeastern Europe and the following countries and territories occupy land on the peninsula either exclusively or partially:
: [[Albania]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]] (approximately the southern half), [[Greece]], [[Kosovo]], [[Montenegro]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Romania]] (the [[Dobruja|Dobrudja]] region), [[Serbia]], [[Slovenia]] (the coastal section), and [[Turkey]] ([[East Thrace]]){{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* '''[[Fennoscandia|Fennoscandian Peninsula]]'''
:Located in the north of Europe, including [[Finland]], [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], and part of [[Russia]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* '''[[Iberian Peninsula]]'''
: Located in Southwestern Europe, this peninsula contains [[Andorra]], [[Gibraltar]], [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], and a small part of [[France]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* '''[[Jutland|Jutland Peninsula]]'''
:[[Jutland]] of [[Denmark]] (main part of the country excluding its islands) and the [[Schleswig-Holstein]] region of [[Germany]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* '''[[Scandinavian Peninsula]]'''
:Located in the north of Europe, including [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], and part of [[Finland]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

==== Regional ====
* '''[[Atlantic Europe]]'''
** [[Great Britain]], [[Ireland]], [[Iceland]], [[Belgium]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], [[France]], western [[Scandinavia]] and [[Germany]].

* '''[[Alps|Alpine countries]]'''
: States that occupy the [[Alps]]:
: [[Austria]], [[Switzerland]], [[Liechtenstein]], [[Slovenia]], [[Germany]], [[France]], and [[Italy]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* '''[[Balkans]] region'''
: In its broadest sense, encompasses [[Albania]], [[Bosnia and Hercegovina]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]], [[Greece]], [[Hungary]], [[Kosovo]], [[Montenegro]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Romania]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovenia]] and [[East Thrace|European Turkey]]

* '''[[Baltic region|Baltic Rim]] region'''
: [[Denmark]], [[Estonia]], [[Finland]], [[Germany]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Poland]], [[Russia]], and [[Sweden]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}
:* The term '''[[Baltic states]]''' emerged after [[World War I]] referring to the new sovereign states that emerged on the east coast of the Baltic Sea: [[Finland]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], and [[Lithuania]]. Since [[World War II]], the term has been used for just Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.<ref name="Bojtar">{{cite book
| last1 = Bojtar
| first1 = Endre
| title = Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People
| date = 1999
| publisher = Central European University Press
| isbn = 9789639116429
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Er1_CwAAQBAJ
}}</ref> 

* '''[[British Isles]]'''
: [[Guernsey]], The [[Isle of Man]], the [[Republic of Ireland]], [[Jersey]] and the [[United Kingdom]]

* '''[[Carpathian Mountains|Carpathian]] states'''
: [[Czech Republic]], [[Hungary]], [[Poland]], [[Romania]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovakia]], and [[Ukraine]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* '''[[Caucasus]]'''
: [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], and [[Russia]]; also the [[list of territorial disputes|disputed territories]] of [[Abkhazia]], and [[South Ossetia]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* '''[[Channel Islands]]'''
: [[Bailiwick of Guernsey|Guernsey]] and [[Jersey]]

* '''[[Low Countries]]'''
: [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], the [[Netherlands]], parts of [[France]], and parts of [[Germany]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}
:*'''[[Benelux]]''':  [[Belgium]], the [[Netherlands]], and [[Luxembourg]]

* '''[[Nordic countries]]'''
: [[Sweden]], [[Norway]], [[Finland]], [[Denmark]], [[Greenland]], and [[Iceland]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}
:*'''[[Scandinavia]]''': [[Sweden]], [[Norway]], [[Denmark]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}
:*'''[[Fennoscandia]]''': [[Finland]], [[Sweden]], [[Norway]] and [[Karelia]]; a geological region defined by the [[Fennoscandian shield]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* '''[[Danube|Danubian countries]]'''
: States that lie along the River [[Danube]]:
: [[Austria]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]], [[Germany]], [[Hungary]], [[Moldova]], [[Romania]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovakia]], and [[Ukraine]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* '''[[Dinaric Alps]]'''
: [[Slovenia]], [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Montenegro]], [[Albania]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}
: [[Serbia]], [[Kosovo]] and [[Italy]] occupy a small portion of the Dinaric Alps.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* '''[[Macaronesia]]'''
: Chain of Islands in the North Atlantic
: [[Azores]], [[Canary Islands]], [[Madeira]]; also including [[Cape Verde]], an independent [[Africa]]n nation.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* '''[[Mediterranean]] countries'''
: Mediterranean nations are [[European countries]] on the [[Mediterranean Basin]]:
: [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], [[France]], [[Monaco]], [[Italy]], [[Slovenia]], [[San Marino]], [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Montenegro]], [[Albania]], [[Greece]], [[Turkey]], [[Cyprus]], [[Malta]], and the [[United Kingdom|British]] territory of [[Gibraltar]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}
:*'''[[Adriatic]] region''': [[Italy]], [[Slovenia]], [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Montenegro]], [[Albania]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* '''[[Black Sea|Black Sea region]]'''
: The Black Sea nations (although some sections lie within Asia) are:
: [[Abkhazia]] (de facto state), [[Bulgaria]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Romania]], [[Russia]], [[Turkey]], and [[Ukraine]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* '''[[Caspian Sea|Caspian Sea region]]'''
: The world's largest lake which forms a section of the Asian-European border has five countries occupying its shore. [[Iran]] and [[Turkmenistan]] lie entirely within Asia while the following countries are transcontinental and have sovereignty over the Caspian Sea's European sector:
: [[Azerbaijan]], [[Kazakhstan]], and [[Russia]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

=== Other groupings ===
* '''[[Blue Banana]]''': describing the concentration of the wealth/economic productivity of Europe in a [[banana]]-shaped band running from north west England, London, through Benelux, eastern France, western Germany to northern Italy.