Editing Shilha language (section)

==== Mood-aspect-negation stems ====
A few verbs have just one MAN stem. The majority of verbs have two, three or four different MAN stems.<ref>A fifth MAN stem, the Imperfective negative, is sporadically found in manuscript texts (see Van den Boogert 1997:270).</ref> The Aorist stem serves as the [[Lemma (morphology)|citation form]] of a verb. The list below offers an overview of MAN stem paradigms. Around 15 paradigms of non-derived verbs can be recognized, based on the formation of the Perfective and the Perfective negative. Further subdivisions could be made on the basis of the formations of the Imperfective. All sections in the list contain a selection of verbs, except sections 12, 14, and 15, which contain a full listing.

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!
!
! Aorist
! Perfective
! Perfective<br/>negative
! Imperfective

|-
| 1 || "laugh" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ḍssa}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ḍssa}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ḍssa}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ḍssa}}
|-
| || "bark" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ttaɣ}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ttaɣ}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ttaɣ}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ttaɣ}}
|-
| 2 || "accompany" || {{Lang|shi-latn|mun}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|mun}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|mun}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-mun}}
|-
| || "sit" || {{Lang|shi-latn|skkiws}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|skkiws}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|skkiws}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|skkiwis, tt-skiwis}}
|-
| || "be crazy" || {{Lang|shi-latn|nufl}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|nufl}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|nufl}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-nuful}}
|-
| 3 || "enter" || {{Lang|shi-latn|kcm}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|kcm}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|kcim}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|kccm}}
|-
| || "graze" || {{Lang|shi-latn|frd}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|frd}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|frid}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ffrd}}
|-
| || "mention" || {{Lang|shi-latn|bdr}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|bdr}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|bdir}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|addr, tt-bdar}}
|-
| || "ascend, climb" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ɣly}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ɣly}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ɣliy}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|aqqlay}}
|-
| || "open, be open" || {{Lang|shi-latn|rẓm}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|rẓm}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|rẓim}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-nurẓum}}
|-
| 4 || "fall" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ḍr}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ḍr}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ḍir}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ṭṭar}}
|-
| || "hit" || {{Lang|shi-latn|wt}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|wt}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|wit}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|kkat}}
|-
| 5 || "break, be broken" || {{Lang|shi-latn|rẓ(i)}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|rẓi/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|rẓi}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|rẓẓa}}
|-
| || "eat" || {{Lang|shi-latn|cc(i)}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|cci/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|cci}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ctta}}
|-
| || "give" || {{Lang|shi-latn|fk(i)}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|fki/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|fki}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|akka}}
|-
| || "show, explain" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ml(i)}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|mli/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|mli}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|mmal}}
|-
| || "drink" || {{Lang|shi-latn|sw(i)}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|swi/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|swi}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ssa}}
|-
| || "call" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ɣr(i)}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ɣri/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ɣri}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|aqqra}}
|-
| || "be; put" || {{Lang|shi-latn|g(i)}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|gi/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|gi}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-gga}}
|-
| 6 || "sew" || {{Lang|shi-latn|gnu}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|gni/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|gni}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|gnna, gnnu, tt-gnu}}
|-
| || "go" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ftu}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|fti/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|fti}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|fttu, tt-ftu}}
|-
| || "go" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ddu}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ddi/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ddi}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-dda, tt-ddu, tt-udu}}
|-
| || "divide" || {{Lang|shi-latn|bḍu}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|bḍi/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|bḍi}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|aṭṭa}}
|-
| 7 || "be better" || {{Lang|shi-latn|af}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|uf}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|uf}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-afa}}
|-
| || "fly" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ayll}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|uyll}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|uyll}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-aylal}}
|-
| || "give back" || {{Lang|shi-latn|rar}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|rur}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|rur}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-rara}}
|-
| || "inherit" || {{Lang|shi-latn|kkas}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|kkus}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|kkus}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-kasa}}
|-
| 8 || "take" || {{Lang|shi-latn|amẓ}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|umẓ}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|umiẓ}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-amẓ}}
|-
| || "steal" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ak°r}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ukr}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ukir}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-ak°r}}
|-
| || "help" || {{Lang|shi-latn|aws}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|iws}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|iwis}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-aws}}
|-
| || "run" || {{Lang|shi-latn|azzl}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|uzzl}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|uzzil}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-azzal}}
|-
| 9 || "find" || {{Lang|shi-latn|af(i)}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ufi/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ufi}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-afa}}
|-
| || "come" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ack(i)}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ucki/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ucki}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-acka}}
|-
| 10 || "flay" || {{Lang|shi-latn|azu}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|uzi/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|uzi}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-azu}}
|-
| || "contain" || {{Lang|shi-latn|amu}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|umi/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|umi}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-amu}}
|-
| 11 || "hold, possess" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ṭṭf, ṭṭaf}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ṭṭf, ṭṭaf}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ṭṭif}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-ṭṭf, tt-ṭṭaf}}
|-
| || "take away" || {{Lang|shi-latn|kks, kkis}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|kks, kkis}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|kkis}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-kks, tt-kkis}}
|-
| || "go out" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ffɣ, ffuɣ}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ffɣ, ffuɣ}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ffiɣ}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-ffɣ, tt-ffuɣ}}
|-
| 12 || "die" || {{Lang|shi-latn|mmt}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|mmut}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|mmut}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-mttat}}
|-
| 13 || "be afraid" || {{Lang|shi-latn|iksuḍ, ksuḍ}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ksaḍ}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ksaḍ}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-iksuḍ, tt-ksuḍ}}
|-
| || "be first, precede" || {{Lang|shi-latn|izwur, zwur}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|zwar}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|zwar}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-izwur, zgg°ur}}
|-
| 14 || "possess" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ili}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|li/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|li}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-ili}}
|-
| || "want" || {{Lang|shi-latn|iri}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ri/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|ri}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-iri}}
|-
| 15 || "exist" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ili}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|lli/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|lli}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-ili}}
|-
| || "say" || {{Lang|shi-latn|ini}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|nni/a}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|nni}} || {{Lang|shi-latn|tt-ini}}
|}