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Rusyn language
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===== AJ stem markers ===== The -AJ- stem type has variations within different Rusyn dialects and regions. In the Prešov Rusyn community, the -A(J)- type described below is the predominant conjugational pattern. However, in regions further east within Slovakia and in other Rusyn communities, a full-fledged "AJ" type conjugation exists, resembling the patterns found in the rest of East Slavic. In the Prešov Rusyn community, the -A(J)- conjugation is recommended for the written system, while the -AJ- type is limited and occurs primarily with specific verb stems like "maj-", "znaj-", and "staj-". Both forms may coexist in speech and writing, but the "A(J)" type is more prevalent in the Prešov dialect. In Lemko Rusyn, the conjugation system generally agrees with that of Prešov Rusyn; a fully-fledged -AJ- conjugation is limited to the third person singular of only three verb stems: "мати", "знати", and "познати". In Subcarpathian Rusyn, however, the -AJ- type is predominant, and the element "aj" can appear in all persons in the non-past paradigm.{{sfn|Pugh|2009|p=118-120}} ====== A(J) stem markers ====== While this stem type follows a conjugation structure similar to other East Slavic languages, it is completely unique in that -j- (normally in the form of suffixes -ю, -єш, -є, -єме, -єте, -ют) is truncated—except for in the 3rd person plural. The absence of the connector vowel -e- in this conjugation type is a distinctive feature, likely influenced by West Slavic languages. The conjugational pattern is similar to other Slavic languages, particularly Slovak.{{sfn|Pugh|2009|p=116-118}} This stem type also includes verbs with the suffix -ывати, a suffix which is often found in imperfective verbs.{{sfn|Pugh|2009|p=117}} {|class=wikitable |+Conjugation of Verbs with -A(J)- Stem Marker{{sfn|Pugh|2009|p=116-118}} |- !colspan="2" rowspan="1"| !colspan="2"|-ATY !colspan="1"|-ЫVA- |- !colspan="2" | Infinitive | чі́т'''а́ти''' || м'''а́ти''' || одкр'''ыва́'''ти |- !rowspan="3"|Sg. !1st Person (I) | чі́там || мам || одкры́вам |- !2nd Person (you) | чі́таш || маш || одкры́ваш |- !3rd Person (he, she, it) | чі́тать || мать || одкры́вать |- <!--------- PLURAL ------------> !rowspan="3"|Pl. !1st Person (we) | чіта́ме || ма́ме || одкрыва́ме |- !2nd Person (you all) | чіта́те || ма́те || одкрыва́те |- !3rd Person (they) | чіта́ють || ма́ють || одкрыва́ють |- !colspan="2"|English | to read | to have | to discover |}
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