Editing Ambrym (section)

==Volcanology==
[[File:Ambrym volcano.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ash plume]] from Ambrym Volcano, October 4, 2004]]

Ambrym is a large [[basaltic]] volcano with a 12-km-wide caldera, and is one of the most active volcanoes of the [[New Hebrides]] volcanic arc. The caldera is the result of a huge [[Plinian eruption]], which took place around [[AD 50]]. Its explosive force is rated 6, the third highest in the [[Smithsonian Institution]]'s [[Volcanic Explosivity Index]] ranks of the largest volcanic explosions in recent geological history.<ref name="VEI"/>

While at higher elevations cinder cones predominate, the western tip of the island is characterized by a series of [[basaltic]] [[tuff]] rings, of which the largest is about {{convert|1|km|mi}} in diameter. These were produced by [[phreatic eruptions]] when [[magma]] contacted the [[water table]] and water-saturated sediments along the coast.<ref name="Volcanophotos"/> The massive, 1900-year-old, {{convert|12|km|mi}} × {{convert|8|km|mi}} caldera is the site of two active volcanic cones, [[Benbow (volcano)|Benbow]] and Marum (also spelled Maroum).<ref name=gvp/> Mount Benbow was named after English Admiral [[John Benbow]] (1653–1702) by Captain Cook.

Several times a century, Ambrym volcano has destructive eruptions. Mount Benbow last erupted explosively in 1913, destroying the mission hospital at Dip Point. Volcanic gas emissions from this volcano are measured by a [[Multi-Component Gas Analyzer System]], which detects pre-eruptive degassing of rising magmas, improving [[prediction of volcanic activity]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2009/EGU2009-5839.pdf|title=Real-Time Multi-GAS sensing of volcanic gas composition: experiences from the permanent Etna and Stromboli networks, Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 11, EGU2009-5839}}</ref>

In March 2017, Google added Marum crater with its lava lakes to [[Google Streetview]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://blog.google/products/maps/journey-under-earths-surface-street-view/ |title= Journey under the Earth's surface in Street View |date= March 15, 2017 |series= [[Google Streetview]] }}</ref> Since the last fissure eruption on 16 Dec 2018, the lava lake has disappeared.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=257040|title=Global Volcanism Program &#124; Ambrym|website=Smithsonian Institution &#124; Global Volcanism Program}}</ref>