Editing Celtiberian language (section)

===Consonant clusters===

* PIE '''*mn''' > '''un''': as in Lepontic, Brittonic and Gaulish, but not Old Irish and seemingly not Galatian. '''{{lang|xce|Kouneso}}''' 'neighbour' < *''kom-ness-o'' < *''Kom-nedʰ-to'' (cf. OIr. ''comnessam'' 'neighbour' < *''Kom-nedʰ-t-m̥o'').
* PIE '''*pn''' > '''un''': '''{{lang|xce|Klounia}}''' < *''kleun-y-a'' < *''kleup-ni'' 'meadow' (Cfr. OIr. ''clúain'' 'meadow' < *''klouni''). However, in Latin *''pn'' > mn: ''{{lang|la|damnum}}'' 'damage' < *''dHp-no''.
* PIE '''*nm''' > '''lm''': Only in Celtiberian. '''{{lang|xce|melmu}}''' < *''men-mōn'' 'intelligence', '''{{lang|xce|Melmanzos}}''' 'gifted with mind' < *''men-mn̥-tyo'' (Cfr. OIr. ''menme'' 'mind' < *''men-mn̥''. Also occurs in modern Spanish: ''{{lang|es|alma}}'' 'soul' < *''anma'' < Lat. ''{{lang|la|anima}}'', Asturian ''galmu'' 'step' < Celtic {{lang|cel-x-proto|kang-mu}}.
* PIE '''*ps''' > '''*ss / s''': '''{{lang|xce|usabituz}}''' 'he must excavate (lit. up/over-dig)' < *''ups-ad-bʰiH-tōd'', '''{{lang|xce|Useizu}}''' * < *''useziu'' < *''ups-ed-yō'' 'highest'. The ethnic name ''{{lang|la|contestani}}'' in Latin (''contesikum'' in native language), recall the proper name '''{{lang|xce|Komteso}}''' 'warm-hearted, friendly' (< *''kom-tep-so'', cf. OIr. ''tess'' 'warm' > *''tep-so''). In Latin epigraphy that sound is transcribed with geminated: '''{{lang|xce|Usseiticum}}''' 'of the Usseitici' < *''Usseito'' < *''upse-tyo''. However, in [[Gaulish]] and [[Common Brittonic|Brittonic]] *ps > *x (cf. Gaulish ''Uxama'', MW. ''uchel'', 'one six').
* PIE '''*pt''' > '''*tt / t''': '''{{lang|xce|setantu}}''' 'seventh' (< *''septm<sub>o</sub>-to''). However, in Gaulish and Insular Celtic *pt > x: ''sextameto'' 'seventh', Old Irish ''sechtmad'' (< *''septm<sub>o</sub>-e-to'').
* PIE '''*gs''' > '''*ks''' > '''*ss / s''': '''sues''' 'six' < *''sweks'';
**'''{{lang|xce|Desobriga}}''' 'south/right city' (Celts oriented looking east) < *''dekso-*bʰr̥ǵʰa''; **'''{{lang|xce|Nertobris}}''' 'strength town' < *''h₂ner-to-*bʰr̥ǵʰs'';
**'''es-''' 'out of, not' < *''eks'' < *''h₁eǵʰs'' (cf. Lat. ''ex-'', Common Celtic ''{{lang|cel-x-proto|exs-}}'', OIr. ''ess-''). In Latin epigraphy that sound its transcript with geminated: '''{{lang|xce|Suessatium}}''' < *''sweks''- 'the sixth city' (cfr. Latin ''{{lang|la|Sextantium}}'')<ref>De Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia 2009 "El nombre -¿céltico?- de la Pintia vaccea". BSAA Arqueología Nº. 75, (243-256).</ref>
**'''{{lang|xce|Dessicae}}''' < *''deks-ika''. However, in [[Gaulish]] *ks > *x: ''Dexivates''.
* PIE '''*gt''' > '''*kt''' > '''*tt / t''': '''{{lang|xce|ditas}}''' 'constructions, buildings' < *''dʰigʰ-tas'' (= Latin ''{{lang|la|fictas}}'');
**'''{{lang|xce|loutu}}''' 'load' < *''louttu'' < *''louktu'' < *''leugʰ-tu'';
**'''{{lang|xce|litom}}''' 'it is permitted', '''{{lang|xce|ne-litom}}''' 'it is not permitted' (< *''l(e)ik-to'', cf. Latin ''{{lang|la|licitum}}'' < *''lik-e-to''). But Common Celtic *kt > *xt: ''luxtu'' < *''louktu'' < *''leugʰ-tu'', OIr. ''lucht''.
**Celtiberian '''{{lang|xce|Retugenos}}''' 'right born, lawful' < *''h₃reg-tō-genos'', Gaulish ''Rextugenos''. In Latin epigraphy that sound is transcribed with geminated: '''{{lang|xce|Britto}}''' 'noble' < *''brikto'' < *''bʰr̥ǵʰ-to''.
**'''{{lang|xce|Bruttius}}''' 'fruitful' < *''bruktio'' < *''bʰruHǵ-t-y-o'' (cfr. Latin ''{{lang|la|Fructuosus}}'' 'profitable').
* PIE '''*st''' > '''*st''': against Gaulish, Irish and Welsh, where the change was *st > ss. This preservation of the PIE cluster *st is another indication of the phonological conservatism of this dialect. '''{{lang|xce|Gustunos}}''' 'excellent' < *'''{{lang|xce|gustu}}''' 'excellence' < *''gus-tu''. Old Irish ''gussu'' 'excellence' (cfr. ''Fergus'' < *''viro-gussu''), Gaulish ''gussu'' ([[Lezoux Plate]], line 7).