Editing Chernihiv Oblast (section)

=== Language ===
{{See also|Languages of Ukraine}}
[[File:UkraineNativeLanguagesCensus2001detailed-en.png|thumb|right|400px|According to the [[2001 Ukrainian census]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] was the native language for over 89% of Chernihiv Oblast's population: it was the dominant language in all of the city and town councils, as well as in the absolute majority of the village councils of the oblast. In the extreme north of Chernihiv Oblast, near the border with Russia and Belarus, [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russian]] was the dominant language in twelve village councils, all of which also had significant (over 20%) Ukrainian-speaking minorities.]]
Due to the [[Russification of Ukraine]] during the Soviet era, the share of Ukrainian speakers in the population of Chernihiv Oblast gradually decreased between the 1970 and 1989 censuses, while the share of Russian speakers increased.<ref>{{cite web |language=ru |url=https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568412 |title=Динамика численности этнических украинцев в УССР: на основе итогов Всесоюзных переписей населения 1959 г., 1970 г. и 1979 г. |access-date=2024-08-03 |archive-date=2024-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629092655/https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568412 |url-status=live }}</ref> Native language of the population of Chernihiv Oblast according to the results of population censuses:<ref>Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1959 года: Украинская ССР, стр. 168—193</ref><ref>Численность и состав населения СССР: по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения 1979 года. Центральное статистическое управление СССР, 1984</ref><ref>''Чорний С.'' Національний склад населення України в ХХ сторіччі (2001)</ref><ref>Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1970 года. Том IV — М., Статистика, 1973</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=|language=uk |url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/ |url-status=live |title=Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001. Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою |access-date=2014-08-21 |archive-date=2019-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024043444/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=|language=|url=http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=19A050501_021&ti=19A050501_021.%20%D0%EE%E7%EF%EE%E4%B3%EB%20%ED%E0%F1%E5%EB%E5%ED%ED%FF%20%E7%E0%20%ED%E0%F6%B3%EE%ED%E0%EB%FC%ED%B3%F1%F2%FE%20%F2%E0%20%F0%B3%E4%ED%EE%FE%20%EC%EE%E2%EE%FE%20%280%2C1%29&path=..%2FDatabase%2FCensus%2F05%2F01%2F&lang=1&multilang=uk |url-status=live |title=Перепис 1989. Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою (0,1) |access-date=2022-03-19 |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029090750/http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=19A050501_021&ti=19A050501_021.%20%D0%EE%E7%EF%EE%E4%B3%EB%20%ED%E0%F1%E5%EB%E5%ED%ED%FF%20%E7%E0%20%ED%E0%F6%B3%EE%ED%E0%EB%FC%ED%B3%F1%F2%FE%20%F2%E0%20%F0%B3%E4%ED%EE%FE%20%EC%EE%E2%EE%FE%20%280%2C1%29&path=..%2FDatabase%2FCensus%2F05%2F01%2F&lang=1&multilang=uk }}</ref>
{| class="standard sortable"
! ||1959||1970||1989||2001
|-
| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]||88.1%||88.8%||85.7%||89.1%
|-
| [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russian]]||11.1%||10.6%||13.6%||10.3%
|-
| Other||0.8%||0.6%||0.7%||0.4%
|}

Native language of the population of the [[Administrative divisions of Ukraine|raions and cities]] of Chernihiv Oblast according to the [[2001 Ukrainian census]]:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://db.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=19A050501_021_074&ti=19A050501_021_074.%20Distribution%20of%20the%20population%20by%20nationality%20and%20native%20language,%20Chernihivska%20oblast%20(2)&path=../Database/Census/05/02/02/&lang=2&multilang=en |title=Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою, Чернігівська область |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2023-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201204109/http://db.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=19A050501_021_074&ti=19A050501_021_074.%20Distribution%20of%20the%20population%20by%20nationality%20and%20native%20language,%20Chernihivska%20oblast%20(2)&path=../Database/Census/05/02/02/&lang=2&multilang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="standard sortable"
!  ||Ukrainian||Russian
|-
| '''Chernihiv Oblast''' ||'''89.1%'''||'''10.3%'''
|-
| City of [[Chernihiv]] ||74.0%||24.5%
|-
| City of [[Nizhyn]] ||89.5%||8.9%
|-
| City of [[Pryluky]] ||92.9%||6.8%
|-
| [[Bakhmach Raion]] ||97.1%||2.5%
|-
| [[Bobrovytsia Raion]] ||97.9%||1.8%
|-
| [[Borzna Raion]] ||98.4%||1.4%
|-
| [[Varva Raion]] ||97.0%||2.7%
|-
| [[Horodnia Raion]] ||92.5%||7.0%
|-
| [[Ichnia Raion]] ||97.8%||2.0%
|-
| [[Kozelets Raion]] ||95.8%||3.8%
|-
| [[Korop Raion]] ||97.8%||2.0%
|-
| [[Koriukivka Raion]]<br />(in pre-2020 borders) ||96.9%||2.8%
|-
| [[Kulykivka Raion]] ||98.0%||1.7%
|-
| [[Mena Raion]] ||97.5%||2.1%
|-
| [[Nizhyn Raion]]<br />(in pre-2020 borders) ||98.5%||1.3%
|-
| [[Novhorod-Siverskyi Raion]]<br />(in pre-2020 borders) ||63.9%||35.9%
|-
| [[Nosivka Raion]] ||97.9%||1.7%
|-
| [[Pryluky Raion]]<br />(in pre-2020 borders) ||97.2%||2.4%
|-
| [[Ripky Raion]] ||87.6%||11.4%
|-
| [[Semenivka Raion, Chernihiv Oblast|Semenivka Raion]] ||80.4%||19.4%
|-
| [[Snovsk Raion]] ||89.4%||10.3%
|-
| [[Sosnytsia Raion]] ||98.4%||1.4%
|-
| [[Sribne Raion]] ||98.3%||1.5%
|-
| [[Talalaivka Raion]] ||98.0%||1.9%
|-
| [[Chernihiv Raion]]<br />(in pre-2020 borders) ||95.4%||4.0%
|}
{{clear}}
[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] is the only official language on the whole territory of Chernihiv Oblast.<ref>{{cite web |language =uk |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2704-19 |title=Про забезпечення функціонування української мови як державної |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2020-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502182619/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2704-19 |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to a poll conducted by ''[[Rating (sociological group)|Rating]]'' from 16 November to 10 December 2018 as part of the project «Portraits of Regions», 80% of the residents of Chernihiv Oblast believed that the Ukrainian language should be the only state language on the entire territory of Ukraine. 12% believed that Ukrainian should be the only state language, while Russian should be the second official language in some regions of the country. 3% believed that Russian should become the second state language of the country. 5% found it difficult to answer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ratinggroup.ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/rg_chernihiv_122018_press.pdf|title="ПОРТРЕТИ РЕГІОНІВ". Чернігівська область|publisher=[[Rating (sociological group)|Рейтинг]]|date=2018-12-26|language=uk}}</ref>

On 21 March 2023, Chernihiv Oblast Military Administration approved the «Programme to promote the functioning of the Ukrainian language as a state language in Chernihiv Oblast for 2023—2028», the main objective of which is to strengthen the positions of the Ukrainian language in various spheres of public life in the oblast.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://suspilne.media/chernihiv/455385-caus-zatverdiv-programu-rozvitku-ta-funkcionuvanna-ukrainskoi-movi-na-cernigivsini-so-vidomo/|title=Чаус затвердив Програму розвитку та функціонування української мови на Чернігівщині: що відомо|work=[[Suspilne|Суспільне]]|date=2023-04-24|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://suspilne.media/chernihiv/512869-na-cernigivsini-na-programu-sprianna-ukrainskij-movi-vidilili-700-tisac-griven/|title=На Чернігівщині на програму сприяння українській мові виділили 700 тисяч гривень|work=[[Suspilne|Суспільне]]|date=2023-06-22|language=uk|access-date=2024-10-28|archive-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908141253/https://suspilne.media/chernihiv/512869-na-cernigivsini-na-programu-sprianna-ukrainskij-movi-vidilili-700-tisac-griven/|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the research of the ''Content Analysis Centre'', conducted from 15 August to 15 September 2024, the topic of which was the ratio of Ukrainian and Russian languages in the Ukrainian segment of [[social media]], 76.2% of posts from Chernihiv Oblast were written in Ukrainian (67.8% in 2023, 56.6% in 2022, 18.1% in 2020), while 23.8% were written in Russian (32.2% in 2023, 43.4% in 2022, 81.9% in 2020).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ms.detector.media/internet/post/36568/2024-10-28-chastka-dopysiv-ukrainskoyu-movoyu-v-sotsmerezhakh-zrosla-do-56-tsentr-kontent-analizu/ |title=Частка дописів українською мовою в соцмережах зросла до 56 %, — Центр контент-аналізу |date=2024-10-28 |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title="Радикальний прогрес". У соцмережах української стало набагато більше, — дослідження |url=https://texty.org.ua/fragments/111001/radykalnyj-prohres-u-socmerezhah-ukrayinskoyi-stalo-nabahato-bilshe-doslidzhennya/ |access-date=2023-12-11 |archive-date=2023-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211202240/https://texty.org.ua/fragments/111001/radykalnyj-prohres-u-socmerezhah-ukrayinskoyi-stalo-nabahato-bilshe-doslidzhennya/ |url-status=live |language=uk}}</ref>

After Ukraine declared independence in 1991, Chernihiv Oblast, as well as Ukraine as a whole, experienced a gradual [[Ukrainization]] of the education system, which had been [[Russification of Ukraine|Russified]]<ref>Barbara A. Anderson and Brian D. Silver, "Equality, Efficiency, and Politics in Soviet Bilingual Education Policy, 1934-1980," American Political Science Review 78 (December 1984): 1019-1039.</ref> during the Soviet era. Dynamics of the ratio of the [[Medium of instruction|languages of instruction]] in general secondary education institutions in Chernihiv Oblast:<ref>«Статистичний щорічник України за 1998 рік» — К., 1999. {{cite web |url=https://pics.livejournal.com/alina_ma/pic/000ghttb |title=Джерело |website=pics.livejournal.com |access-date=2024-12-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=|url=https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/st_sc/SEU2008_u.zip |title=Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2008 рік |publisher=[[State Statistics Service of Ukraine|Державна служба статистики України]] |language=uk |access-date=2024-08-10 |archive-date=2022-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408201718/http://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/st_sc/SEU2008_u.zip |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=|url=https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2013/sb/10_13/sz_Ukr_2012.zip |title=Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2012 рік |publisher=[[State Statistics Service of Ukraine|Державна служба статистики України]] |language=uk |access-date=2024-08-10 |archive-date=2024-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807143246/https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2013/sb/10_13/sz_Ukr_2012.zip |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=|url=https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2019/zb/11/zb_yearbook_2018.pdf |title=Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2018 рік |publisher=[[State Statistics Service of Ukraine|Державна служба статистики України]] |language=uk |access-date=2024-08-10 |archive-date=2024-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803223353/https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2019/zb/11/zb_yearbook_2018.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/zso21_ue.xlsx |script-title=uk:Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2021 році |language=uk |script-website=uk:Державна служба статистики України |access-date=2024-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707121443/https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/zso21_ue.xlsx |archive-date=2024-07-07 |url-status=live}} — {{cite web |url=https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/arch_pto_u.htm |script-title=uk:Сайт Державної служби статистики України |language=uk |script-website=uk:Державна служба статистики України |access-date=2024-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604201459/https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/arch_pto_u.htm |archive-date=2024-06-04 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2023/osv/osv_rik/zso22_ue.xlsx |script-title=uk:Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2022 році |language=uk |script-website=uk:Державна служба статистики України |access-date=2024-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626161348/https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2023/osv/osv_rik/zso22_ue.xlsx |archive-date=2024-06-26 |url-status=live}} — {{cite web |url=https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/arch_pto_u.htm |script-title=uk:Сайт Державної служби статистики України |language=uk |script-website=uk:Державна служба статистики України |date=|access-date=2024-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604201459/https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/arch_pto_u.htm |archive-date=2024-06-04 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://stat.gov.ua/sites/default/files/2024-02/Збірник%20Статистичний%20щорічник%20України%202022%20рік.pdf |title=Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2022 рік |publisher=[[State Statistics Service of Ukraine|Державна служба статистики України]] |language=uk |access-date=2024-08-10 |archive-date=2024-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807143242/https://stat.gov.ua/sites/default/files/2024-02/Збірник%20Статистичний%20щорічник%20України%202022%20рік.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="standard"
|-
| [[Medium of instruction|Language of instruction]], <br />% of pupils || 1991—<br />1992 || 1992—<br />1993 || 1993—<br />1994 || 1994—<br />1995 || 1995—<br />1996 || 2000—<br />2001 || 2005—<br />2006 || 2007—<br />2008 || 2010—<br />2011 || 2012—<br />2013 || 2015—<br />2016 || 2018—<br />2019 || 2021—<br />2022 || 2022—<br />2023
|-
| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]|| 67.1% || 70.3% || 74.0% || 78.0% || 81.0% || 94.0% || 99.0% || 99.0% || 99.5% || 99.6% || 99.6% || 99.6% || 99.97% || 100.0%
|-
| [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russian]] || 32.9% || 29.7% || 26.0% || 22.0% || 19.0% || 6.0% || 1.0% || 1.0% || 0.5% || 0.4% || 0.4% || 0.4% || 0.03% || —
|-
|}

According to the [[State Statistics Service of Ukraine]], in the 2023—2024 school year, all 89,872 pupils in general secondary education institutions in Chernihiv Oblast were studying in classes where [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] was the language of instruction.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2023/osv/osv_rik/zso23_ue.xlsx |title=Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2023 році |language=uk |website=www.ukrstat.gov.ua |date=|access-date=2024-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601143959/https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2023/osv/osv_rik/zso23_ue.xlsx |archive-date=2024-06-01 |url-status=live}} — {{cite web |author=|url=https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/arch_pto_u.htm |title=Сайт Державної служби статистики України |language=uk |website=www.ukrstat.gov.ua |date=|access-date=2024-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604201459/https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/arch_pto_u.htm |archive-date=2024-06-04 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The province has experienced long-term population decline. The population has fallen 37% from the 1959 figure of 1,554,000, the steepest decline of any Ukrainian oblast. It has the lowest population density in the country.