Editing Hybrid word (section)

=== Modern Hebrew ===
[[Modern Hebrew]] abounds with non-[[Semitic languages|Semitic]] derivational affixes, which are applied to words of both Semitic and non-Semitic descent. The following hybrid words consist of a Hebrew-descent word and a non-Semitic descent suffix:<ref name="Hybridity versus Revivability">Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2009), [http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/Hybridity_versus_Revivability.pdf Hybridity versus Revivability: Multiple Causation, Forms and Patterns]. In ''Journal of Language Contact'', Varia 2: 40–67, p. 49.</ref>

*'''bitkhon-íst''' ({{Script/Hebrew|ביטחוניסט}}) 'one who evaluates everything from the perspective of national security', from ''bitakhón'' 'security' + the productive internationalism ''-ist''
*'''khamúda-le''' ({{Script/Hebrew|חמודה׳לה}}) 'cutie (feminine singular)', from ''khamuda'' 'cute (feminine singular) + ''-le'', endearment diminutive of Yiddish origin
*'''kiso-lógya''' ({{Script/Hebrew|כיסאולוגיה}}) 'the art of finding a political seat (especially in the Israeli Parliament)', from ''kisé'' 'seat' + the productive internationalism ''-lógya'' '-logy'
*'''maarav-izátsya''' ({{Script/Hebrew|מערביזציה}}) 'westernization', from ''maaráv'' 'west' + the productive internationalism ''-izátsya'' '-ization' (itself via [[Russian language|Russian]] from a hybrid of Greek -ιζ- ''-iz-'' and Latin ''-atio'')
*'''miluím-nik''' ({{Script/Hebrew|מילואימניק}}) 'reservist, reserve soldier', from ''miluím'' 'reserve' (literally 'fill-ins') + ''-nik'', a most productive agent suffix of Yiddish and Russian descent

The following Modern Hebrew hybrid words have an international prefix:
*'''anti-hitnatkút''' ({{Script/Hebrew|אנטי־התנתקות}}) 'anti-disengagement'
*'''post-milkhamtí''' ({{Script/Hebrew|פוסט־מלחמתי}}) 'post-war'
*'''pro-araví''' ({{Script/Hebrew|פרו־ערבי}}) 'pro-Arab'

Some hybrid words consist of both a non-Hebrew word and a non-Hebrew suffix of different origins:
*'''shababnik''' ({{Script/Hebrew|שבבניק}}) 'rebel youth of [[Haredi Judaism]]', from Arabic ''shabab'' (youth) and ''-nik'' of Yiddish and Russian descent

Some hybrid words consist of a non-Hebrew word and a Hebrew suffix:
*'''Individuali-ut''' ({{Script/Hebrew|אינדיבידואליות}}) 'Individualism', from English ''Individual'' and ''ut'', a productive Hebrew suffix meaning ''-ism''

Modern Hebrew also has a productive derogatory prefixal '''shm-''', which results in an 'echoic expressive'. For example, '''[[Um-Shmum|um shmum]]''' ({{Script/Hebrew|או״ם־שמו״ם}}), literally 'United Nations shm-United Nations', was a pejorative description by Israel's first Prime Minister, [[David Ben-Gurion]], of the [[United Nations]], called in Modern Hebrew ''umot meukhadot'' ({{Script/Hebrew|אומות מאוחדות}}) and abbreviated '''um''' ({{Script/Hebrew|או״ם}}). Thus, when a Hebrew speaker would like to express their impatience with or disdain for philosophy, they can say ''filosófya-'''shm'''ilosófya'' ({{Script/Hebrew|פילוסופיה־שמילוסופיה}}). Modern Hebrew '''shm-''' is traceable back to [[Yiddish]], and is found in English as well as [[shm-reduplication]]. This is comparable to the Turkic initial m-segment conveying a sense of 'and so on' as in Turkish '''''dergi mergi''' okumuyor'', literally 'magazine "shmagazine" read:NEGATIVE:PRESENT:3rd.person.singular', i.e. '(He) doesn't read magazine, journals or anything like that'.<ref name="Hybridity versus Revivability" />