Editing Mid central vowel (section)

==Mid central rounded vowel==
{{Infobox IPA|above=Mid central rounded vowel|ipa symbol=ɵ̞|ipa symbol2=ə̹|ipa symbol3=ɞ̝|showbelow=no|imagefile=File:IPA - ɵ (barred o) + diacritic “lowered”.svg}}
Languages may have a '''mid central rounded vowel''' (a rounded {{IPA|[ə]}}), distinct from both the close-mid and open-mid vowels. However, since no language is known to distinguish all three, there is no separate IPA symbol for the mid vowel, and the symbol {{angbr IPA|ɵ}} for the [[close-mid central rounded vowel]] is generally used instead. If precision is desired, the lowering diacritic can be used, {{angbr IPA|ɵ̞}},  or the [[Raised (phonetics)#More and less rounded|more rounded]] diacritic with the schwa symbol, {{angbr IPA|ə̹}}, or the [[Raised (phonetics)|raising]] diacritic with the [[open-mid central rounded vowel]] symbol, {{angbr IPA|ɞ̝}}, although it is rare to use such precision.

===Features===
{{mid vowel}}
{{central vowel}}
{{rounded vowel}}

===Occurrence===
{| class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| [[Afrikaans]] || Standard{{sfnp|Wissing|2016|loc=section "The rounded and unrounded mid-central vowels"}} || {{lang|af|[[Afrikaans alphabet|l'''u'''g]]}} || {{IPA|[lɞ̝χ]}} || 'air' || Also described as open-mid {{IPAblink|ɞ}},{{sfnp|Wissing|2012|p=711}} typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|œ}}. Many speakers merge {{IPA|/œ/}} and {{IPA|/ə/}}, even in formal speech.{{sfnp|Wissing|2016|loc=section "The rounded and unrounded mid-central vowels"}} See [[Afrikaans phonology]]
|-
| [[Danish language|Danish]] || Standard{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|p=143}} || {{lang|da|[[Danish orthography|hopp'''e''']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈhʌ̹pə̹]}} || 'mare' || Possible realization of {{IPA|/ə/}}.{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|p=143}} See [[Danish phonology]]
|-
| [[Dutch language|Dutch]] || Southern<ref name="cm">{{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=128, 131}}. The source describes the Standard Dutch vowel as front-central {{IPAblink|ø|ɵ̟}}, but more sources (e.g. {{Harvcoltxt|van Heuven|Genet|2002}} and {{Harvcoltxt|Verhoeven|2005}}) describe it as central {{IPAblink|ɵ}}. As far as the lowered varieties of this vowel are concerned, Collins and Mees do not describe their exact backness.</ref> || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|h'''u'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[ɦɵ̞t]}} || 'hut' || Found in certain accents, e.g. in Bruges. Close-mid {{IPAblink|ɵ}} in Standard Dutch.<ref name="cm"/> See [[Dutch phonology]]
|-
| [[English language|English]] || [[California English|California]]<ref name="eckert">Eckert, Penelope. "[http://www.stanford.edu/~eckert/vowels.html Vowel Shifts in California and the Detroit Suburbs]". Stanford University.</ref> || {{lang|en|[[English orthography|f'''oo'''t]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[fɵ̞ʔt]}} || 'foot' || Part of the California vowel shift.<ref name="eckert"/>{{Failed verification|date=January 2024}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ʊ}}.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[French language|French]]{{sfnp|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}}{{sfnp|Lodge|2009|p=84}} || {{lang|fr|[[French orthography|j'''e''']]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Fr-je.ogg|[ʒə̹]|help=no}} || 'I' || Only somewhat rounded;{{sfnp|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}} may be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ə}} or {{angbr IPA|ɵ}}. Also described as close-mid {{IPAblink|ɵ}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=english speech services {{!}} Le FOOT vowel|date=15 January 2012|url=http://englishspeechservices.com/blog/le-foot-vowel/|access-date=20 October 2018}}</ref> May be more front for a number of speakers. See [[French phonology]]
|-
| [[German language|German]] || [[Chemnitz dialect]]{{sfnp|Khan|Weise|2013|p=236}} || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|W'''o'''nne]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈv̞ɞ̝nə]}} || 'bliss' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɞ}}.{{sfnp|Khan|Weise|2013|p=236}}
|-
| [[Irish language|Irish]] || [[Munster Irish|Munster]]{{sfnp|Ó Sé|2000|p=?}} || {{lang|ga|[[Irish orthography|sc'''oi'''l]]}} || {{IPA|[skɞ̝lʲ]}} || 'school' || Allophone of {{IPA|/ɔ/}} between a broad and a slender consonant.{{sfnp|Ó Sé|2000|p=?}} See [[Irish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]]{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=70}} || {{lang|lb|d'''ë'''nn}} || {{IPA|[d̥ə̹n]}} || 'thin' || Only slightly rounded; less often realized as unrounded {{IPA|[ə̜]}}.{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=70}} See [[Luxembourgish phonology]]
|-
| [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] || [[Urban East Norwegian|Urban East]]{{sfnp|Kristoffersen|2000|pp=16-17}} || {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|n'''ø'''tt]]}} || {{IPA|[nɞ̝tː]}} || 'nut' || Also described as open-mid front {{IPAblink|œʷ}};{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|pp=13, 20}}{{sfnp|Kvifte|Gude-Husken|2005|p=2}} typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|œ}} or {{angbr IPA|ø}}. See [[Norwegian phonology]]
|-
| [[Plautdietsch language|Plautdietsch]] || Canadian Old Colony{{sfnp|Cox|Driedger|Tucker|2013|pp=224–225}} || {{lang|pdt|b'''u'''tzt}} || {{IPA|[bɵ̞t͡st]}} || 'bumps' || Mid-centralized from {{IPAblink|ʊ}}, to which it corresponds in other dialects.{{sfnp|Cox|Driedger|Tucker|2013|pp=224–225}}
|-
| [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || Central Standard{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}}{{sfnp|Rosenqvist|2007|p=9}} || {{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|f'''u'''ll]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|sv-full.ogg|[fɵ̞lː]|help=no}} || 'full' || Pronounced with [[roundedness|compressed lips]], more closely transcribed {{IPA|[ɵ̞ᵝ]}} or {{IPA|[ɘ̞ᵝ]}}. Less often described as close-mid {{IPAblink|ø̈}}.{{sfnp|Andersson|2002|p=272}} See [[Swedish phonology]]
|-
| [[Tajik language|Tajik]] || Northern dialects || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|[[Tajik orthography|к'''ӯ'''ҳ]]}}/{{Transliteration|tg|kūh}} ||{{IPA|[kɵ̞h]}} || 'mountain' || Typically described as close-mid {{IPAblink|ɵ}}. See [[Tajik phonology]]
|}