Editing Substrate in Romanian (section)

==Phonetic, morphological and syntactic features==

A couple of phonetic changes have been agreed on as substratum influence:<ref name="Brâncuș 2005 46">{{Cite book|last=Brâncuș |first=Grigore |trans-title=Introduction to the History of Romanian Language |title=Introducere în istoria limbii române] |publisher=Editura Fundaţiei România de Mâine |year=2005 |isbn=973-725-219-5  |page=46 }}</ref>

* the fricative post-alveolar consonant ''ș'' - /ʃ/ - comes from the voiceless fricative ''s'' in a soft position for example Lat. ''serpens''> Rom. ''șarpe''.
* rhotacism of n consonant, seen only marginally in Romanian, is a general rule for lexical items of [[Istro-Romanian language|Istro-Romanian]] and [[Tosk Albanian]] prior to the contact with [[Slavic languages]] (before {{circa|600 CE}}).

Several other have been attributed to the influence of substratum by some researchers, but there is no general consensus among scholars. For example, the development of "ă" vowel: linguists Al. Phillipide and [[Grigore Brâncuș]] consider the spontaneous evolution of unstressed "a" from words like Lat. ''camisia''>Rom. ''cămașă'', and stresses "a" before a [[/n/]] or a consonant cluster beginning with [[/m/]], a vowel found also in [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] and [[Albanian language|Albanian]], as the substratum influence in Romanian,<ref name="Brâncuș 2005 46"/> while linguist [[Marius Sala]] points this changes can also be seen as the tendency of the oral language to differentiate between forms of a [[linguistic paradigm|paradigm]], comparable to the development of similar central vowels in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] or [[Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sala |first=Marius |trans-title=From Latin to Romanian |title=De la Latină la Română] |publisher=Editura Pro Universitaria |year=2012 |isbn=978-606-647-435-1 |page=148 }}</ref>

Likewise, the morphological and syntactical features attributed to substratum, identified by comparison to [[Albanian language|Albanian]] and other languages of the [[Balkan sprachbund]], are subject [[Balkan sprachbund|to scholarly debate]] since the grammatical structure of the [[Paleo-Balkan languages|ancient languages of the Balkans]], except Greek, is unattested.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Brâncuș |first=Grigore |trans-title=Introduction to the History of Romanian Language |title=Introducere în istoria limbii române] |publisher=Editura Fundaţiei România de Mâine |year=2005 |isbn=973-725-219-5  |page=47 }}</ref>