Editing Tunnel boring machine (section)

=== 2000s ===
[[File:TBM S-210 Alptransit Faido East.jpg|thumb|A tunnel boring machine used to excavate the [[Gotthard Base Tunnel]], Switzerland, the world's longest rail tunnel]]
The TBM known as [[Bertha (tunnel boring machine)|Bertha]], reportedly the largest [[earth pressure balance]] machine and second largest TBM in general (as of June 2023), has a bore diameter of {{convert|17.45|m|ft|sp=us}}, and was produced by [[Hitachi Zosen Corporation]] in 2013.{{Sfn|Cecere|2023}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shield Tunneling Machines |url=https://www.hitachizosen.co.jp/english/business/field/infrastructure/shield.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123075040/https://www.hitachizosen.co.jp/english/business/field/infrastructure/shield.html |archive-date=2023-01-23 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Hitachi Zosen Corporation |language=en}}{{full|date=April 2025}}{{third party inline|date=April 2025}}</ref>{{better source|date=April 2025}} It was delivered to [[Seattle]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], for its [[Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel|Highway 99 tunnel project]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/projects/Viaduct/|title=Alaskan Way Viaduct - Home|website=www.wsdot.wa.gov|access-date=21 July 2017|archive-date=28 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728205631/https://wsdot.wa.gov/construction-planning/major-projects/alaskan-way-viaduct-replacement-program|url-status=live}}{{full|date=April 2025}}</ref>{{full|date=April 2025}} The machine began operating in July 2013, but stalled in December 2013 and required substantial repairs that halted the machine until January 2016.<ref>{{cite magazine|author = Weise, Karen |date = 2016-01-06 | title=Bertha the Giant Drill Is Ready to Rumble in Seattle| magazine=Bloomberg Businessweek (Bloomberg.com) |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-06/bertha-the-giant-drill-is-ready-to-rumble-in-seattle/ | access-date=21 July 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309015129/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-06/bertha-the-giant-drill-is-ready-to-rumble-in-seattle | archive-date = 2016-03-09 | url-access = }}</ref> Bertha completed boring the tunnel on April 4, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-06 |title=Alaskan Way Viaduct - Recapping Bertha's breakthrough |url=https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/Viaduct/library/advisories-and-updates/recapping-berthas-breakthrough |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901063417/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/Viaduct/library/advisories-and-updates/recapping-berthas-breakthrough |archive-date=2017-09-01 |website=[[Washington State Department of Transportation]]}}{{full|date=April 2025}}</ref>{{full|date=April 2025}}

Two TBMs supplied after the 2013 acquisition of Germany's Aker Wirth (Aker Solutions) TBM and shaft-boring technology by China Railway Tunnelling Equipment (CRTE), now CREG (China Railway Engineering Equipment Group)-Germany,<ref>{{cite web | author = IM Staff | date =  29 November 2013 | title = Aker Sells TBM and Shaft Sinking Businesses to China's CRTE | work = International Mining (IM, IM-Mining.com) | url = https://im-mining.com/2013/11/29/aker-seels-underground-development-business-to-chinas-crte/ | access-date = 22 April 2025 | location = Berkhamsted, England| publisher = IM Team Publishing}} Note, the acquisition was sans Wirth's newer Mobile Tunnel Miner technology developed with [[Codelco]] and [[Rio Tinto (corporation)|Rio Tinto]], see article.</ref><ref name=CREGWirthTBM2017>{{Cite web | author = CREG-Wirth Staff | date = 2017-09-09 | title = Earth Pressure Balance | work = [[CREG-Germany]].com | format = manufacturer's commercial site | url = http://www.creg-germany.com/products_tunnel-boring-machines_epb-machine.php#tab-c-03 | access-date = 22 April 2025 | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909054126/http://www.creg-germany.com/products_tunnel-boring-machines_epb-machine.php#tab-c-03 |archive-date=2017-09-09 | at=Metro Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia > Project; and Metro Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia > Tech Specs | location = Erkelenz, Germany | publisher = CREG TBM Germany GmbH}}{{third party inline|date=April 2025}}</ref>{{better source|date=April 2025}} CREG-Wirth units with boring diameter of {{cvt|6.67|m|ft}}, were used to bore two tunnels for [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]'s Metro system.<ref name=CREGWirthTBM2017/>{{better source|date=April 2025}} The medium excavated was water "saturated sandy mudstone, schistose mudstone, highly weathered mudstone as well as alluvium".<ref name=CREGWirthTBM2017/>{{better source|date=April 2025}} By the company's commercial description, its products achieved an advance rate of "more than 345 meters [1,130 feet] per month".<ref name=CREGWirthTBM2017/>{{better source|date=April 2025}}
[[File:Tunnelier mp3h8086.jpg|thumb|Top view of a model of the TBM{{what|date=April 2025}} used on the [[Gotthard Base Tunnel]].{{cn|date=April 2025}}]]

Reportedly the largest ''hard rock'' machine and fourth largest TBM overall (as of June 2023), a machine known as [[Martina (tunnel boring machine)|Martina]], was built by [[Herrenknecht|Herrenknecht AG]].{{Sfn|Cecere|2023}} Its excavation diameter is {{convert|15.62|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and total length {{convert|130|m|ft|abbr=on}}; excavation area of {{convert|192|sqm|sqft|abbr=on}}, and thrust value 39,485&nbsp;t,{{what|date=April 2025}}<!--Unit needs to be spelled out--> total weight 4,500&nbsp;tons, and total installed capacity 18&nbsp;MW.{{Sfn|Cecere|2023}} Its yearly energy consumption was about 62&nbsp;GWh.{{Sfn|Cecere|2023}} Martina was used by the Italian Toto Group construction company (Toto S.p.A Costruczioni General) to bore a 2.4 km tunnel of the Variante di Valico project near Florence, Italy, in 2013. This project created the Sparvo gallery of the Italian Motorway Pass A1 ("Variante di Valico A1"), near Florence.{{cn|date=April 2025}} As of this date,{{when|date=April 2025}} Martina was still owned and operated by the Toto Group.{{cn|date=April 2025}} 

Herrenknecht also built the world's largest-diameter [[Tuen Mun-Chek Lap Kok TBM|slurry TBM]] and as of June 2023, per ''[[Guinness World Records]]'', also the largest TBM overall; called the "Qin Liangyu" or Mixshield S-880, it has an excavation diameter of {{convert|17.63|m|ft|sp=us}}.{{Sfn|Cecere|2023}} Owned and operated by a subsidiary of the French construction company Bouygues (Dragages Hong Kong), it was used to bore the Chek Lap Kok to Tuen Mun road tunnel, undersea, to  [[Hong Kong]], China, clearing the first section of the tunnel at the large diameter, then being converted to 14 m, and working alongside 3 other TBMs (including another Herrenknect borer) to complete the tunnels, 30 m undersea, in 2019.{{Sfn|Cecere|2023}}