Editing Shilha language (section)

==== Proprietive and privative elements ====
The proprietive elements masc. {{Lang|shi-latn|bu}} "he with, he of" and fem. {{Lang|shi-latn|mm}} "she with, she of" are borrowed from Arabic (original meaning "father of", "mother of"). They are used as formative elements and require a following inflected noun to be in the annexed state. The plural is formed with the pluralizer {{Lang|shi-latn|id}}:

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{{interlinear|indent=2|lang=shi|bu sa yiwaliwn|{he of} seven EA-words|"a liar"}}
{{interlinear|indent=2|lang=shi|bu tagant|{he of} EA-forest|"wild boar"}}
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{{interlinear|indent=2|lang=shi|bu tbratin|{he with} EA-letters|"postman"}}
{{interlinear|indent=2|lang=shi|id bu waga|PL {he with} EA-bucket|"French soldiers (wearing a [[kepi|képi]])"}}
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In many cases, {{Lang|shi-latn|bu}} fuses with a following nominal prefix:

{{interlinear|indent=2|lang=shi|bu w-marg → bumarg|{he with} EA-poetry {} {"a poet"}|}}
{{interlinear|indent=2|lang=shi|bu y-g°ra → {Biyg°ra, Big°ra}|{he with} EA-frogs {} {"[[Biougra]]" (place-name)}|}}

The feminine {{Lang|shi-latn|mm}} is encountered less frequently:

{{interlinear|indent=2|lang=shi|mm igrtal|{she with} EA-mats|"prayer room in a mosque"}}
{{interlinear|indent=2|lang=shi|mm lɣrur|{she with} delusion|"the world, worldly existence"}}
{{interlinear|indent=2|lang=shi|id mm ifalan|PL {she with} EA-threads|"needles"}}

The privative elements masc. {{Lang|shi-latn|war}} "he without" and fem. {{Lang|shi-latn|tar}} "she without" are made up of a gender prefix (masculine {{Lang|shi-latn|w-}}, feminine {{Lang|shi-latn|t-}}) and an element {{Lang|shi-latn|ar}} which is probably related to the negation {{Lang|shi-latn|wr}} "not". They do not require the annexed state, and should probably be translated as "who does not have", with the following noun phrase as object:

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{{interlinear|indent=2|lang=shi|war acrik|{he without} EL-partner|"God"}}
{{interlinear|indent=2|lang=shi|id war tawwuri|PL {he without} EL-job|"the unemployed"}}
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{{interlinear|indent=2|lang=shi|tar azal|{she without} EL-daylight|"wide-brimmed hat"}}
{{interlinear|indent=2|lang=shi|tar laman|{she without} certainty|"the world, worldly existence"}}
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