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Dietary Reference Intake
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===Vitamins and choline=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! rowspan="2" |Nutrient ! rowspan="2" |Highest {{abbr|EAR|Estimated Average Requirements}} ! colspan="2" |Highest {{abbr|RDA|Recommended Dietary Allowances}}/{{abbr|AI|Adequate Intake}} ! rowspan="2" |Lowest {{abbr|UL|Tolerable upper intake levels}} ! rowspan="2" |Unit ! rowspan="2" |Top common sources, 100 grams, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)<ref name=USDA>{{cite web|url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/?component=0|title=Search ordered by selected nutrient per 100 gram amounts: sort by nutrient among all foods, USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, SR28|date=2016|access-date=28 October 2017}}</ref><!-- Please do not randomly add foods to the table list for different nutrients. Use the USDA list ordered by selected nutrients per 100 g amounts. Better omit fortified products! --> |- !Males !Females |- | [[Vitamin A]] || 630 || 900 || 700{{efn|1300 for pregnant or lactating women}} || 1700{{efn|600 for children aged 8 years and younger}} || μg || [[cod liver oil]], [[liver (food)|liver]], [[dehydration|dehydrated]] red [[sweet pepper]]s, [[veal]], dehydrated [[carrot]]s |- | [[Thiamin]] (B<sub>1</sub>) || 1.0 || 1.2 || 1.1{{efn|1.4 for pregnant or lactating women}} || ND || mg || [[food fortification|fortified]] [[breakfast cereal]]s, [[energy bar]]s, and [[baby food]] products |- | [[Riboflavin]] (B<sub>2</sub>) || 1.1 || 1.3 || 1.1{{efn|1.6 for pregnant or lactating women}} || ND || mg || fortified food products, lamb liver, [[Spirulina (dietary supplement)|spirulina]] |- | [[Niacin (substance)|Niacin]] (B<sub>3</sub>) || 12 || 16 || 14{{efn|18 for pregnant or lactating women}} || 20{{efn|10 for children aged 8 years and younger}} || mg || fortified food products, [[baker's yeast]], [[bran|rice bran]], [[instant coffee]], fortified beverages |- | [[Pantothenic acid]] (B<sub>5</sub>) || NE || 5 || 5{{efn|7 for pregnant or lactating women}} || ND || mg || fortified food and beverage products, dried [[shiitake]] mushrooms, beef liver, rice bran |- | [[Vitamin B6|Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>]] || 1.4 || 1.7 || 1.5{{efn|2.0 for pregnant or lactating women}} || 60 || mg || fortified food and beverage products, rice bran, fortified [[margarine]]s, ground [[Salvia officinalis|sage]] |- | [[Biotin]] (B<sub>7</sub>) || NE || 30 || 30{{efn|35 for lactating women}} || ND || μg || [[organ meat]]s, eggs, fish, meat, seeds, nuts<ref>{{cite web|title=Biotin, Fact Sheet for Health Professionals |publisher=Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health|url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Biotin-HealthProfessional/#h3|date=3 October 2017|access-date=28 October 2017}}</ref> |- | [[Folate]] (B<sub>9</sub>) || 330 || 400 || 400{{efn|600 for pregnant or lactating women}} || 600{{efn|300 for children aged 8 years and younger}} || μg || baker's yeast, fortified food and beverage products, [[poultry]] liver |- | [[Vitamin B12|Cobalamin]] (B<sub>12</sub>) || 2.0 || 2.4 || 2.4{{efn|2.8 for pregnant or lactating women}} || ND || μg || [[shellfish]], beef, animal liver, fortified food and beverage products |- | [[Vitamin C]] || 75 || 90 || 75{{efn|120 for pregnant or lactating women}} || 1200 || mg || fortified beverages, dried [[sweet pepper]]s, raw [[acerola]], dried [[chives]] and [[coriander]], [[rose hip]]s, fortified food products |- | [[Vitamin D]] || 10 || 20 || 20 || 100 || μg || [[cod liver oil]], [[edible mushroom|mushroom]]s (if exposed to [[ultraviolet]] light), [[halibut]], [[mackerel as food|mackerel]], [[canning|canned]] [[sockeye salmon]] |- | [[Tocopherol|α-tocopherol]] (Vitamin E) || 12 || 15 || 15{{efn|19 for lactating women}} || 600 || mg || [[wheat germ]] oil, fortified food and beverage products, [[hazelnut]] oil, fortified [[peanut butter]], [[chili powder]] |- | [[Vitamin K]] || NE || 120 || 90 || ND || μg || dried [[spice]]s, fresh [[parsley]], cooked and raw [[kale]], [[chard]], other [[leaf vegetables]] |- | [[Choline]] || NE || 550 || 425{{efn|550 for pregnant or lactating women}} || 2000 || mg || egg yolk, organ meats from beef and [[pork]], [[soybean]] oil, fish [[roe]] |}
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