Editing Names for India (section)

== Hind / Hindustan ==
{{Main|Hindustan}}
[[File:Darius I statue India.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|<div><hiero>O4-N35-D46-V4-M17-M17</hiero></div><small>''H-n-d-w[[Aleph|Ꜣ]]-y''</small><br>"India" written in [[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] on the [[Egyptian statue of Darius the Great|Statue of Darius I]], circa 500 BCE.]]
<div>The words {{transliteration|fa|Hindū}} ({{langx|fa|هندو}}) and {{transliteration|fa|Hind}} ({{langx|fa|هند}}) came from [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]/[[Sanskrit]] {{transliteration|sa|Sindhu}} (the [[Indus River]] or its [[Sindh|region]]). The [[Achaemenid]] emperor [[Darius I]] conquered [[Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley|the Indus valley]] in about 516 BCE, upon which the Achaemenid equivalent of {{transliteration|sa|Sindhu}}, viz., "''Hindush''" ({{wikt-lang|peo|𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁}}, {{transliteration|peo|H-i-du-u-š}}) was used for the lower Indus basin.<ref name="Eggermont Hindush">{{harvp|Eggermont, Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan|1975}}: 'The Persians coined the name of Hindush after the current Sanskrit geographical name of Sindhu. Neither the Old Persian inscriptions, nor the Avesta make use of the word hindu in the sense of "river".'</ref><ref name="Dandamaev Hindush">{{citation |last=Dandamaev |first=M. A. |title=A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ms30qA6nyMsC&pg=PA147 |year=1989 |publisher=Brill |isbn=90-04-09172-6 |page=147}}: "The new satrapy, which received the name of Hindush, extended from the centre to the lower part of the Indus Valley, in present-day Pakistan."</ref> The name was also known as far as the Achaemenid province of [[Egypt]] where it was written <span style="display:inline-block"><hiero>O4-N35-D46-V4-M17-M17</hiero></span> ({{transliteration|egy|H-n-d-wꜣ-y}}) on the [[:Commons:Category:Statue of Darius I|Statue of Darius I]], circa 500 BCE.<ref name=NMI>[[National Museum of Iran]] [[:File:Darius I statue list of subject countries.jpg|notice]]</ref><ref name=EI>{{cite book |last1=Yar-Shater |first1=Ehsan |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica |date=1982 |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |isbn=9780933273955 |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vBQZAQAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Susa, Statue of Darius – Livius |url=http://www.livius.org/articles/place/susa/susa-photos/susa-statue-of-darius/ |website=www.livius.org |language=en}}</ref></div>

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| image1            = Umayyad Caliphate coinage temp Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik al-Hind (possibly Multan) mint. Dated AH 97 (AD 715-6).jpg
| image2            = India in Abd al-Malik al-Hind coin 715 CE.jpg
| footer            = The name "[[al-Hind]]" (here {{lang|ar|[[:ary:بالهند|بالهند]]}}  ''Bil'Hind'', "In India") on an Umayyad coin minted in India, from the time of the first [[Caliphal province of Sind|Governor of Sindh]] [[Muhammad ibn Qasim]] in 715 CE.{{efn|[[:ary:بالهند|بالهند]] ''Bil'Hind'' appears upside-down at 6h (bottom) on the circular legend of the obverse side of the coin. The complete circular legend is "In the name of Allah, struck this dirham in [[al-Hind]] in the year seven and ninety."}}
}}
In [[middle Persian]], probably from the first century CE, the suffix {{transliteration|fa|-stān}} ({{langx|fa|ستان}}) was added, indicative of a country or region, forming the  name {{transliteration|fa|Hindūstān}}.<ref>{{citation |first=Irfan |last=Habib |author-link=Irfan Habib |chapter=Hindi/Hindwī in Medieval Times |editor=Aniruddha Ray |title=The Varied Facets of History: Essays in Honour of Aniruddha Ray |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5qSbjBTDC-UC&pg=PA105 |year=2011 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-93-80607-16-0 |pages=105}}</ref> Thus, Sindh was referred to as ''Hindustān'' in the Naqsh-e-Rustam inscription of [[Sassanid]] emperor [[Shapur I]] in {{circa}} 262 CE.<ref>{{citation |last=Mukherjee |first=Bratindra Nath |author-link=B. N. Mukherjee |title=The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aBFuAAAAMAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=Place Names Society of India |page=46}}: "The term Hindustan, which in the Naqsh-i-Rustam inscription of Shapur I denoted India on the lower Indus, and which later gradually began to denote more or less the whole of the subcontinent..."</ref><ref>{{harvp|Ray & Chattopadhyaya, A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization|2000|p=553}}: "Among the countries that fell before Shapur I the area in question appears as ''Hndstn'', ''India'' and ''Hindy'' respectively in the three languages mentioned above [Middle Persian, Greek and Parthian]."</ref>

Emperor Babur of the Mughal Empire said, "On the East, the South, and the West it is bounded by the Great Ocean."<ref>P. 310 ''Memoirs of Zahir-ad-Din Muhammad Babur: Emperor of Hindustan'' By [[Babur]] (Emperor of Hindustan)</ref> ''Hind'' was notably adapted in the [[Arabic language]] as the definitive form {{transliteration|ar|Al-Hind}} ({{lang|ar|الهند}}) for India, for example, in the 11th-century ''Tarikh Al-Hind'' ('History of India'). It occurs intermittently in usage within India, such as in the phrase {{lang|hi|[[Jai Hind]]}} ({{langx|hi|जय हिन्द}}) or in {{transliteration|hi|Hind Mahāsāgar}} ({{lang|hi|हिन्द महासागर}}), the Standard Hindi name for the [[Indian Ocean]].

Both the names were current in [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Arabic]], and from that into northern Indian languages, from the 11th century [[Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent|Islamic conquests]]: the rulers in the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] periods called their Indian dominion, centered around [[Delhi]], "Hindustan". In contemporary Persian and [[Hindi]]-[[Urdu]], the term Hindustan has recently come to mean the Republic of India. The same is the case with Arabic, where {{transliteration|ar|al-Hind}} is the name for the [[Republic of India]].

"Hindustan", as the term [[Hindu]] itself, entered the English language in the 17th century. In the 19th century, the term as used in English referred to the Subcontinent. "Hindustan" was in use simultaneously with "India" during the [[British rule|British era]].