Editing Circumflex (section)

==== Vowel quality ====
*In [[Breton language|Breton]], it is used on an ''e'' to show that the letter is pronounced [[Vowel height|open]] instead of closed.
* In [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], the sound represented in Bulgarian by the Cyrillic letter ''ъ'' (''er goljam'') is usually transliterated as ''â'' in systems used prior to 1989. Although called a [[schwa]] (misleadingly suggesting an unstressed lax sound), it is more accurately described as a [[close-mid back unrounded vowel#Mid back unrounded vowel|mid back unrounded vowel]] {{IPAslink|ɤ}}. Unlike [[English language|English]] or [[French language|French]], but similar to [[Romanian language|Romanian]] and [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]], it can be stressed.
* In [[Pinyin]] romanized [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin Chinese]], ''ê'' is used to represent the sound {{IPAslink|ɛ}} in isolation, which occurs sometimes as an exclamation.
* In French, the letter ''ê'' is normally pronounced [[open-mid vowel|open]], like ''è''. In the usual pronunciations of central and northern [[France]], ''ô'' is pronounced [[close-mid vowel|close]], like ''eau''; in Southern France, no distinction is made between [[close-mid vowel|close]] and [[open-mid vowel|open]] ''o''.
* In [[Phuthi language|Phuthi]], ''î'' and ''û'' are used to mark [[superclose vowel]]s {{IPAslink|ɪ}} and {{IPAslink|ʊ}}, respectively.
* [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''â'' {{IPAslink|ɐ}}, ''ê'' {{IPAslink|e}}, and ''ô'' {{IPAslink|o}} are stressed high vowels, in opposition to ''á'' {{IPAslink|a}}, ''é'' {{IPAslink|ɛ}}, and ''ó'' {{IPAslink|ɔ}}, which are stressed low vowels.
* In [[Romanian language|Romanian]], the circumflex is used on the vowels ''â'' and ''î'' to mark the vowel {{IPAslink|ɨ}}, similar to Russian ''[[yery]]''. The names of these accented letters are ''â din a'' and ''î din i'', respectively. (The letter ''â'' only appears in the middle of words; thus, its [[majuscule]] version appears only in all-capitals inscriptions.)
* In [[Slovak language|Slovak]], the circumflex (''vokáň'') on ''ô'' (uppercase ''Ô'') indicates a [[diphthong]] {{IPA|sk|ʊɔ|}}.
* In [[Swedish language|Swedish]] [[dialect]] and [[folklore]] [[literature]] the circumflex is used to indicate the phonemes {{IPAslink|a|a(ː)}} or {{IPAslink|æ|æ(ː)}} ''(â)'', {{IPAslink|ɶ|ɶ(ː)}} or {{IPAslink|ɞ|ɞ(ː)}} (''ô'') and {{IPAslink|ɵ|ɵ(ː)}} (''û'') in dialects and regional accents where these are distinct from {{IPAslink|ɑ|ɑ(ː)}} (''a''), {{IPAslink|ø|ø(ː)}} (''ö'') or {{IPAslink|o|o(ː)}} (''o'' or ''å'') and {{IPAslink|ʉ|ʉ(ː)}} (''u'') respectively, unlike Standard Swedish where {{IPA|[a]}} and {{IPA|[ɑː]}}, {{IPA|[ɵ]}} and {{IPA|[ʉː]}} are short and long allophones of the phonemes {{IPA|/a/}} and {{IPA|/ʉ/}} respectively, and where [[Old Swedish]] short {{IPAslink|o}} (''ŏ'') has merged with {{IPA|/o(ː)/}} from Old Swedish {{IPA|/ɑː/}} (''ā'', Modern Swedish ''[[å]]'') instead of centralizing to {{IPA|[ɞ]}} or fronting to {{IPA|[ɶ]}} and remaining a distinct phoneme (''ô'') as in the dialects in question. Different methods can be found in different literature, so some author may use ''æ'' instead of ''â'', or use ''â'' where others use ''å̂'' (''å'' with a circumflex; for a sound between  {{IPA|/ɑ(ː)/}} and {{IPA|/o(ː)/}}).
* [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] ''â'' {{IPAslink|ə}}, ''ê'' {{IPAslink|e}}, and ''ô'' {{IPAslink|o}} are higher vowels than ''a'' {{IPAslink|ɑ}}, ''e'' {{IPAslink|ɛ}}, and ''o'' {{IPAslink|ɔ}}. The circumflex can appear together with a [[Tonal language#Notational systems|tone mark]] on the same vowel, as in the word ''Việt''.  Vowels with circumflex are considered separate letters from the base vowels.