Editing Celtiberian language (section)

=== Exclusive developments ===
* [[Affricate consonant|Affrication]] of the PIE groups -*dy-, -*dʰy-. -*ty- > z/th (/θ/) located between vowels and of -*d, -*dʰ > z/th (/θ/) at the end of the word: '''adiza''' 'duty' < *''adittia'' < *''h₂ed-d(e)ik-t-ya''; '''{{lang|xce|Useizu}}''' 'highest' < *''ups-ed-yō''; '''{{lang|xce|touzu}}''' 'territory' < *''teut-yō''; '''rouzu''' 'red' < *''reudʰy-ō''; '''olzo''' 'last' < *''h₂ol-tyo''; '''ozas''' 'feet' < *''pod-y-ans''; '''datuz''' < *''dh₃-tōd''; '''{{lang|xce|louzu}}''' 'free' (in: LOUZOKUM, ''[[Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum|MLH]]'' IV, K.1.1.) < *''h₁leudʰy-ō'' (cf. [[Oscan language|Oscan]] ''loufir'' 'free man', [[Russian language|Russian]] ''ljúdi'' 'men, people'. That this is one of only a very few phonological developments that distinguishes Celtiberian phonologically from Proto-Celtic is one of the reasons Matasovic has concluded that Celtiberian is a very early independent branch of Proto-Celtic.<ref>Ranko Matasovic 2009 ''Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic'' Leiden: Brill, 2009, p.17 https://archive.org/stream/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic/Etymological%20Dictionary%20of%20Proto-Celtic_djvu.txt</ref> It is noteworthy that this weakening of most non-initial Proto-Celtic voiced dental stops (''d''s) seems to indicate that Celtiberian had taken the first step in what became more widespread lenition of non-initial (and in some cases even initial) voiced consonants in later Celtic dialects.<ref>Cólera, Carlos Jordán (2007) "Celtiberian," e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies: Vol. 6, Article 17. p.763 Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/vol6/iss1/17</ref>