Editing Newar language (section)

==Relationship with other Tibeto-Burman languages==
The exact placement of Newar within the Tibeto-Burman language family has been a source of controversies and confusion. Robert Shafer classified Newar as part of his Bodic division of Sino-Tibetan.<ref>{{cite journal | given = Robert | surname = Shafer | title = Classification of the Sino-Tibetan languages | journal = Word (Journal of the Linguistic Circle of New York) | year = 1955 | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 94–111 | doi = 10.1080/00437956.1955.11659552 | doi-access = free }}</ref> George Van Driem classified Newar within the [[Mahakiranti languages|Mahakiranti grouping]] but he later retracted his hypothesis in 2003. Moreover, he proposed a new grouping called "Maha-Newari" which possibly includes [[Baram–Thangmi languages|Baram–Thangmi]].<ref name="Turin2004">{{cite journal |title=Newar-Thangmi Lexical Correspondences and the Linguistic Classification of Thangmi |given=Mark |surname=Turin |journal=Journal of Asian and African Studies |volume=68 |pages=97–120 |year=2004 |url=http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/projectteam/turin/downloads/JAAS_68.pdf |access-date=13 February 2016 |archive-date=29 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129235401/http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/projectteam/turin/downloads/JAAS_68.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

T. R. Kansakar attributes the difficulty about the placement of Newar to the inability of scholars to connect it with the migration patterns of the Tibeto-Burman speakers. Since Newar separated from rest of the family very early in history, it is difficult or at least arbitrary to reconstruct the basic stratum that contributed to present day Newar speech. He underscored the point that the language evolved from mixed racial/linguistic influences that do not lend easily to a neat classification.<ref name="thlib">{{cite journal|url=http://www.thlib.org/static/reprints/contributions/CNAS_08_02_01.pdf|date=June 1981|journal=CNAS Journal|volume=VIII|issue=2|author=Tej R. Kansakar|title=Newari Language and Linguistics: Conspectus|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011121201/http://www.thlib.org/static/reprints/contributions/CNAS_08_02_01.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

A classification (based on Glover's<ref>{{cite book |given=Warren W. |surname=Glover |chapter=Cognate counts via the Swadesh list in some Tibeto-Burman languages of Nepal |pages=23–130 |title=Tone systems of the Tibeto-Burman languages of Nepal 2: Lexical lists and comparative studies |editor1-surname=Hale |editor1-given=Austin |editor2-given=Kenneth L. |editor2-surname=Pike |location=Urbana, Illinois |publisher=Department of Linguistics University of Illinois |year=1970 }}</ref>) indicating a percentage of shared vocabulary within the labeled branch and an approximate time of split:{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

{{barlabel | size=5
| at1=6 | label1=''Indo-Aryanized (~50–60% lexicons)'' | bar1=midnightblue
| cladogram=
{{clade
  |label1=SINO-TIBETAN?
  |1={{clade
       |label1=Non Bodic divisions
       |1=Example: [[Karen languages|Karen]] etc
       |label2=Bodic Division  ({{font|size=80%|color=Gray|text=13%}}, {{font|size=80%|color=Green|text=5000BC}}){{font|size=100%|color=OrangeRed|text=ɫ}}
       |2={{clade
            |label1=East Himalayish Subdivision
            |1=Example: [[Sunwar language|Sunwar]]
            |label2=Bodic Subdivision ({{font|size=80%|color=Gray|text=19%}}, {{font|size=80%|color=Green|text=3200BC}})
            |2={{clade
                   |label1=Bodish Section
                   |1=[[Tamang language|Tamang]], [[Manang language|Manang]], [[Gurung language|Gurung]], [[Thakali language|Thakali]], [[Kaike language|Kaike]], [[Tibetan languages|Tibetan]], [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]]
                   |label2=Kiranti Section
                   |2=Examples: [[Limbu language|Limbu]]
                   |label3=West Central Himalayish Section {{font|size=100%|color=OrangeRed|text=ɞ}} ({{font|size=80%|color=Gray|text=28%}}, {{font|size=80%|color=Green|text=2200BC}})
                   |3={{clade
                           |1=[[Chepang language|Chepang]]
                           |label2=Maha Newari {{font|size=100%|color=OrangeRed|text=ʌ}}
                           |2={{clade|style=width:auto;font-size:85%;line-height:100%;
                                 |1=[[Baram–Thangmi languages|Baram–Thangmi]]|state1=dashed|barbegin1=midnightblue
                                 |2=Pahri or Pahari (unrelated to other [[Pahari language (name)|"Pahari"]] languages of the region)|bar2=midnightblue
                                 |3=[[Dolakhae dialect|Dolkha Newari]]|bar3=midnightblue
                                 |4=Modern [[Nepal Bhasa]] |barend4=midnightblue
                                 }}
                   }}
                 }}
          }}
     }}
}}
}}

<span style="color:red;">ɫ </span>"%" indicates lexical similarity/common vocabulary between Newar and the other languages in the branch. The date indicates an approximate time when the language diverged.<br/>
<span style="color:red;">ɞ </span>Van Driem labelled this branch as "Parakiranti" and included it together with Kiranti branch to form Maha Kiranti group. However, he would later drop this hypothesis.<br/>
<span style="color:red;">ʌ </span>All languages within this branch have extensive Indo-Aryan vocabulary. It is hypothesised that either ancient IndoAryan admixture happened before Newar-Thangmi-Baram split or that Thangmi-Baram borrowed through Newari.<ref name="Turin2004"/>