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Qaboos bin Said
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==Personal life== Qaboos was a Muslim of the [[Ibadi]] denomination, which has traditionally ruled Oman. Although Oman is predominantly Muslim, the Sultan granted freedom of religion in the country and financed the construction of four Catholic and Protestant churches in the country as well as several Hindu temples.<ref name="A83Sh">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-narendra-modi-in-oman-live-updates-visit-to-shiva-temple-interact-with-ceos-sultan-qaboos-grand-mosque-5060235/?#liveblogstart|title=Modi in Oman LIVE Updates: PM prays at Shiva temple in Muscat, visits Grand Mosque|date=12 February 2018}}</ref> The Sultan was an avid fan and promoter of [[classical music]]. His 120-member orchestra consists entirely of young Omanis who, since 1986, audition as children and grow up as members of the symphonic [[Musical ensemble|ensemble]]. They play locally and traveled abroad with the Sultan.<ref name="trofimov2001">{{cite journal |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslavth |date=14 December 2001 |title=Oman has oil, but it had no orchestra |journal=Wall Street Journal |pages=A6}}</ref> [[Argentina|Argentine]] composer [[Lalo Schifrin]] was commissioned to compose a work entitled ''Symphonic Impressions of Oman''.<ref name="qARKr">{{cite web |url=http://schifrin.com/miva/merchant.mv?Screen=PROD&Store_Code=LS&Product_Code=CD-ALEPH+028 |title= The Official Store of Lalo Schifrin: Symphonic Impressions of OMAN|website=schifrin.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051217195951/http://schifrin.com/miva/merchant.mv?Screen=PROD&Store_Code=LS&Product_Code=CD-ALEPH+028 |archive-date=17 December 2005}}</ref> Qaboos was particularly enthusiastic about the [[pipe organ]].<ref name="gvzSp">{{cite web|url=http://www.mathismusic.com/organs/carlo_curly.htm |title=Carlo Curly & Mathis Music |access-date=7 December 2006 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141726/http://www.mathismusic.com/organs/carlo_curly.htm |archive-date=16 December 2008}}</ref> The [[Royal Opera House Muscat]] features the second largest mobile pipe organ in the world, which has three specially made [[organ stop]]s, named the "Royal Solo" in his honour.<ref name="MaVUB">{{cite web |url=http://www.timesofoman.com/News/44105/Article-In-the-Eye-of-Beauty--An-Ode-to-the-Organ |title=Times of Oman | News :: In the Eye of Beauty - an Ode to the Organ |access-date=24 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223003609/http://www.timesofoman.com/News/44105/Article-In-the-Eye-of-Beauty--An-Ode-to-the-Organ |archive-date=23 February 2015}}. Times of Oman; "In the Eye of Beauty β An Ode to the Organ" 11 December 2014; retrieved 24 December 2014.</ref> He was also a patron of local folk musician [[Salim Rashid Suri]], whom he made a cultural consultant.<ref name="BritLib">{{cite web |url=http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/untoldlives/2013/11/the-singing-sailor-salim-rashid-suri.html |title=The Singing Sailor β Salim Rashid Suri |author=Margaret Makepeace |date=26 November 2013 |work=Untold Lives Blog |publisher=British Library |access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref> On 22 March 1976, Qaboos married his first cousin [[Nawwal bint Tariq Al Said|Sayyida Nawwal bint Tariq Al Said]] (born 1951), the daughter of his uncle [[Tariq bin Taimur Al Said|Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur]] and Sayyida Shawana bint Nasir Al Busaidiyah.<ref name="burke">{{cite book |editor1-last=Montgomery-Massingberd |editor1-first=Hugh |title=Burke's Royal Families of the World Volume II Africa & the Middle East |date=1980 |isbn=0850110297 |page=107|publisher=Burke's Peerage Limited }}</ref> Nawwal was renamed Kamila at the time of her marriage and is the half-sister of Qaboos's successor, [[Haitham bin Tariq]].<ref name="burke"/> The marriage ended in divorce in 1979<ref name="SkSct">{{cite web|title=Sultan Qaboos Bin Saeed: A democrat visionary |url=http://gulfnews.com/about-gulf-news/al-nisr-portfolio/weekend-review/articles/sultan-qaboos-bin-saeed-a-democrat-visionary-1.729811|work=Weekend Review|publisher=Gulf News|access-date=4 October 2012|author=Joseph A. Kechichian|date=17 December 2010}}</ref> and produced no children.<ref name="YzMid">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/who-will-take-over-sultan-qaboos-arab-worlds-longest-serving-ruler-1530757|title=Who will take over from Sultan Qaboos, the Arab world's longest serving ruler?|first=James|last=Tennent|date=28 November 2015}}</ref> In September 1995, Qaboos was involved in a car accident in [[Salalah]] just outside his palace, which killed one of his most prominent and influential ministers, the [[Deputy Prime Minister of Oman|deputy prime minister for finance and economy]], [[Qais Bin Abdul Munim Al Zawawi]].<ref name="OaIt2">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/01bbe118f4da71aacadf28ff50c2944a|title=Sultan Escapes Unhurt, Top Aide Killed In Car Accident|website=AP NEWS|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> Qaboos owned several yachts administered by the [[Oman Royal Yacht Squadron]], including ''[[Al Said (yacht)|Al Said]]'' and ''[[Fulk Al Salamah (2016 yacht)|Fulk Al Salamah]]'', two of the world's [[List of motor yachts by length|largest yachts]]. Qaboos was widely believed by Omanis and [[Gulf Arabs]] to be [[homosexual]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Christopher Ling|title=Sultan In Arabia: A Private Life|date=18 Mar 2011|publisher=[[Random House]]|isbn=9781845968311|chapter=6 (Salacious Scandals)|quote=Indeed, virtually since his accession to the throne of Oman, the assumption of homosexuality has pursued Sultan Qaboos relentlessly... |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCm45OHcDSoC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Brian Whitaker|title=Unspeakable Love: Gay and Lesbian Life in the Middle East|date=2006|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=9780520250178|pages=76β78|quote=...only three Omanis have discussed this subject with me openly...All three agreed that the sultan is generally believed to be homosexual by Omanis... |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e0YhBQAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=John Newsinger|authorlink1=John Newsinger|title=British Counterinsurgency|date=2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781137316868|page=154|edition=2, illustrated, revised|quote=The successful dressing up of the counterinsurgency campaign in Islamic garb is all the more impressive given that Qaboos was generally believed to be gay, consorting with long-haired youths 'of exquisite countenance'... |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3oYDAAAQBAJ}}</ref> Qaboos's obituary in ''[[The Times]]'' described rumours throughout his life of "liaisons with elegant young European men".<ref name="Times obituary">{{cite news |title=Sultan Qaboos bin Said of Oman obituary |date=13 January 2020 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sultan-qaboos-bin-said-of-oman-obituary-nw33q0tg8 |access-date=21 January 2022 |work=The Times |language=en |quote=There were no other known relationships with women and despite rumours of liaisons with elegant young European men, the sultanβs private life remained firmly private.}}</ref>
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