Editing Tausug language (section)

==Grammar==

===Pronouns===

====Personal pronouns====
Tausūg has three pronoun sets:{{sfnp|Peneyra|1992|pp=4–5}}<ref name="cameron"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="3" |
! colspan="2" |nominative
! colspan="2" | genitive
! colspan="2" | oblique
|-
! rowspan="4" | 1st person
! colspan="2" | singular
| {{lang|tsg|aku}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|اَكُ}}
| {{lang|tsg|-ku}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|ـكُ}}
| {{lang|tsg|kāku'}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَاكُؤْ}}
|-
! colspan="2" | dual
| {{lang|tsg|kita}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كِتَ}}
| {{lang|tsg|-ta / -natu'}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|ـتَ / ـنَتُؤْ}}
| {{lang|tsg|kātu'}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَاتُؤْ}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | plural
! exclusive
| {{lang|tsg|kami}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَمِ}}
| {{lang|tsg|-namu}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|ـنَمُؤْ}}
| {{lang|tsg|kāmu'}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَامُؤْ}}
|-
! inclusive
| {{lang|tsg|kitanyu}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كِتَپُ}}
| {{lang|tsg|-taniyu / -natu'nyu}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|ـتَپُ / ـنَتُؤْپُ}}
| {{lang|tsg|katu'nyu, katu'tanyu}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|کَاتُؤْپُ / كَاتُؤْتَپُ}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd person
! colspan="2" | singular
| {{lang|tsg|ikaw / kaw}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|اِكَوْ / كَوْ}}
| {{lang|tsg|-mu}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|ـمُ}}
| {{lang|tsg|kaymu}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَيْمُ}}
|-
! colspan="2" | plural
| {{lang|tsg|kamu}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَمُ}}
| {{lang|tsg|-nyu}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|ـپُ}}
| {{lang|tsg|kanyu}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَپُ}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | 3rd person
! colspan="2" | singular
| {{lang|tsg|siya}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|سِيَ}}
| {{lang|tsg|-niya}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|ـنِيَ}}
| {{lang|tsg|kaniya}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَنِيَ}}
|-
! colspan="2" | plural
| {{lang|tsg|sila}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|سِلَ}}
| {{lang|tsg|-nila}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|ـنِلَ}}
| {{lang|tsg|kanila}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَنِلَ}}
|}

====Demonstratives====

===Case markers===
The case markers of Tausūg are:{{sfnp|Peneyra|1992|pp=7; 14–15}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" 
!
! nominative
! genitive
! oblique
|-
!rowspan="2"| [[proper noun|common]]
| in 
| sin 
| ha
|-
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|اِنْ}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|سِنْ}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|هَ}}
|-
! rowspan="2"| [[proper noun|proper]] singular
| colspan="2"| hi || kan
|-
| dir="rtl" colspan="2"| {{script/Arabic|هِ}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَنْ}}
|-
! rowspan="2"| [[proper noun|proper]] plural
| colspan="2"| hinda' || kanda'
|-
| dir="rtl" colspan="2"| {{script/Arabic|هِنْدَ}}
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَنْدَ}}
|}
Non-subject undergoers take the oblique marker when definite or a proper noun, but indefinite common nouns take the genitive marker ''sin''.
*''Hi Nasul in kimaun '''ha''' mampallam.'' {{script/Arabic|هِ نَسُلْ اِنْ کِمَؤُنْ '''هَ''' مَمْفَلَّمْ.}}
**"It was Nasul who ate the mango."
*''Nagdakdak '''sin''' baju' in manga bujang.'' {{script/Arabic|نَغْدَكْ۲ '''سِنْ''' بَجُ اِنْ مَڠَ بُجَڠْ.}}
** "The maidens washed clothes."

===Existentials===
The positive existential ("there is") is ''aun'', the negative existential ("there is none") is ''way''.{{sfnp|Peneyra|1992|p=32}}

===Interrogative words===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English !! Tausug
|-
| Who? || Siyu?/Hisiyu?<ref name="Zorc"/>
|-
| What? || Unu?
|-
| Where? || Diin? / Hariin? / Hāin? (contracted Hariin) / Haunu? (Ha+uuu)
|-
| Why? || Mayta'? / Mahi?
|-
| When? (future) || Ku'nu?
|-
| When? (past) || Ka'nu?
|-
| How? (manner)|| Biya'diin?
|-
| How many? || Pila?
|}

=== Verbs ===
Verbs in Tausūg are inflected for [[Austronesian alignment|focus]] and [[Grammatical aspect|aspect]].{{sfnp|Peneyra|1992|pp=35–47}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" 
|-
!
!completed
!progressive
!contemplative
!imperative
|-
! Actor focus
| {{angbr|im}}<br/>nag-<br/>naN- || C{{angbr|im}}V-<br/>nag-CV-<br/>naN-CV- || ‹um›<br/>mag-<br/>maN- || ∅<br/>∅<br/>paN-
|-
! Patient focus
| {{angbr|i}} || C{{angbr|iy}}V- || -un || -a
|-
! Locative focus
| {{angbr|i}} -an || C{{angbr|iy}}V- -an || -an || -i
|-
! Instrument focus
| {{angbr|i}} || C{{angbr|iy}}V- || hi- || -an
|}
Affixes expressing ability:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" 
|-
!
!completed
!progressive
!contemplative
|-
! Actor focus
| naka- || nakaka- || maka-
|-
! Patient focus
| na- || na-CV- || ma-
|-
! Locative focus
| kiya- -an || kiya-CV- -an || ka- -an
|-
! Instrument focus
| kiya- || kiya-CV- || hika-
|}

===Numbers===
Tausūg numerals:<ref name="Zorc"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Archived |url=https://mpi-lingweb.shh.mpg.de/numeral/Tausug.htm |website=mpi-lingweb.shh.mpg.de |access-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909050451/https://mpi-lingweb.shh.mpg.de/numeral/Tausug.htm |archive-date=September 9, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="cameron"/>
{| class="wikitable"
!
!colspan="2"|Tausug 
|-
! 1 
| isa / hambuuk
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|اِسَ}}
|-
! 2
| duwa
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|دُوَ}}
|-
! 3
| tū
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|تُوْ}}
|-
! 4
| upat
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|اُفَتْ}}
|-
! 5
| lima
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|لِيْمَ}}
|-
! 6
| unum
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|اُنُمْ}}
|-
! 7
| pitu
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|فِتُ}}
|-
! 8
| walu
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|وَلُ}}
|-
! 9
| siyam
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|سِيَمْ}}
|-
! 10
| hangpū'
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|هَڠْفُؤْ}}
|-
! 11
| hangpū' tag isa
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|هَڠْفُؤْ تَغِسَ}}
|-
! 20
| kawha'an
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَوْهَأَنْ}}
|-
! 30
| katlu'an
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَتْلُؤَنْ}}
|-
! 40
| kapatan
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَفَتَنْ}}
|-
! 50
| kay'man
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَيْئْمَنْ}}
|-
! 60
| kanuman
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَأْنُمَنْ}}
|-
! 70
| kapituwan
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَفِتُوَنْ}}
|-
! 80
| kawaluwan
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَوَلُوَنْ}}
|-
! 90
| kasiyaman
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|كَسِيَمَنْ}}
|-
! 100
| hanggatus / gatus
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|هَڠْغَتُسْ / غَتُسْ}}
|-
! 1,000
| hangibu / ibu
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|هَڠِيْبُ / إِيْبُ}}
|-
! 1,282
| hangibu tag duwang gatus tag kawaluwan tag duwa
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|هَڠِيْبُ تَغْدُوَڠْ غَتُسْ تَغْكَوَلُوَنْ تَغْدُوَ}}
|-
! 2,000
| duwa nga'ibu
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|دُوَ ڠَئِيْبُ}}
|-
! 10,000
| hangpu' nga'ibu
| dir="rtl"| {{script/Arabic|هَڠْپُؤْ ڠَئِيْبُ}}
|}