Editing Washo language (section)

==Morphology==

Washo has a complex tense system.

Washo uses partial or total [[reduplication]] of verbs or nouns to indicate repetitive [[grammatical aspect|aspect]] or plural [[grammatical number|number]]. Washo uses both [[Prefix (linguistics)|prefixation]] and [[suffixation]] on [[noun]]s and [[verb]]s.

===Verbs===

Verbal [[inflection]] is rich with a large number of [[grammatical tense|tenses]]. Tense is usually carried by a suffix that attaches to the verb. The tense suffix may signal recent past, intermediate past, the long-ago-but-remembered past, the distant past, the intermediate future, or the distant future. For example, the suffix {{lang|was|-leg}} indicates that the verb describes an event that took place in the recent past, usually earlier the previous day as seen in the Washo sentence, {{lang|was|dabóʔo lew búʔ'''leg'''i}} ('the white man fed us').{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="80%"
|+Vowel Suffixes
! width="15%" | Suffix Letter !! width="15%" | Meaning !! width="35%" | Used !! width="35%" | Example
|-
| {{lang|was|'''-ayʔ'''}}
| intermediate past
| earlier than the current day, but not the distant past
| {{lang|was|di hulúy'''ay'''}} ('I fell over')
|-
| {{lang|was|'''-gul'''}}
| long ago, remembered past
| within the lifetime of the speaker
| {{lang|was|gedí yeyemi ʔúš'''gul'''aygi}} ('They used to call him that')
|-
| {{lang|was|'''-lul'''}}
| distant past
| before the lifetime of the speaker
| {{lang|was|ga móŋil ha'''lúl'''iya}} ('They planted it here long ago')
|-
| {{lang|was|'''-a'''}}
| recent past
| action just finished
| {{lang|was|lépꞌam'''a'''ʔ}} ('I got there')
|-
| {{lang|was|'''-i'''}}
| present
| actions currently in progress
| {{lang|was|míši milí꞉giy'''i'''}} ('I see you')
|-
| {{lang|was|'''-aša'''}}
| [[near future (grammar)|near future]]
| soon
| {{lang|was|dimú sek hay'''áša'''ʔi}} ('I will choke him')
|-
| {{lang|was|'''-tiʔ'''}}
| intermediate future
| within the day
| {{lang|was|ʔilćáćimiʔ e'''ti'''ʔi}} ('It's getting green.' It will be green)
|-
| {{lang|was|'''-gab'''}}
| distant future
| the following day or later
| {{lang|was|milí꞉gi '''gab'''igi}} ('I will see you.' 'See you later')
|}

===Nouns===
{{Expand section|date=May 2008}}
Possession in Washo is shown by prefixes added to the object. There are two sets of prefixes added: the first set if the object begins with a vowel and the second set if the object begins with a consonant.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="80%"
|+Noun Prefixes
! width="15%" | Vowel-initial Prefix !! width="15%" | Usage !! width="35%" | Example
|-
| {{lang|was|'''l-'''}}
| first-person possessive
| {{lang|was|'''l'''áŋal}} ('my/our house')
|-
| {{lang|was|'''m-'''}}
| second-person possessive
| {{lang|was|'''m'''áŋal}} ('your house')
|-
| {{lang|was|'''tꞌ-'''}}
| third-person possessive
| {{lang|was|'''tꞌ'''áŋal}} ('his/her/its/their house')
|-
| {{lang|was|'''d-'''}}
| unidentified possessive
| {{lang|was|'''d'''áŋal}} ('somebody's house')
|-
! width="15%" | Consonant-initial Prefix!! width="15%" | Usage!! width="35%" | Example
|-
| {{lang|was|'''di-'''}}
| first-person possessive
| {{lang|was|'''di'''háŋa}} ('my/our mouth')
|-
| {{lang|was|'''ʔum-'''}}
| second-person possessive
| {{lang|was|'''ʔum'''háŋa}} ('your mouth')
|-
| {{lang|was|'''da-'''}}
| third-person possessive
(when first vowel of the object is '''a''' or '''o''')
| {{lang|was|'''da'''háŋa}} ('his/her/its/their mouth')<br /> {{lang|was|'''da'''kꞌómol}} ('his/her/its/their ball')
|-
| {{lang|was|'''de-'''}}
| third person possessive
(when first vowel of the object is '''e''', '''i''', '''ɨ''', or '''u'''')
| {{lang|was|'''de'''Mélɨw}} ('his/her/its/their belt')<br>{{lang|was|'''de'''dí꞉geš}} ('his/her/its/their net')<br>{{lang|was|'''de'''bɨkꞌɨ}} ('his/her/its/their grandmother's sister')<br>{{lang|was|'''de'''gúšuʔ}} ('his/her/its/their pet')
|-
|
| unidentified possessive
| {{lang|was|háŋa}} ('somebody's mouth')
|}