Editing ExoMars (section)

==== ''Schiaparelli'' EDM lander ====
{{main|Schiaparelli EDM lander}}
[[File:Schiaparelli Lander Model at ESOC.JPG|thumb|Model of the ExoMars ''Schiaparelli'' EDL Demonstrator Module (EDM). During its descent it returned 600 MB of data, but it did not achieve a soft landing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.planetary.org/articles/1020-exomars-schiaparelli-analysis-to-continue|title=ExoMars: Schiaparelli Analysis to Continue|website=The Planetary Society}}</ref>]]

The Entry, Descent and Landing Demonstrator Module (EDM) called ''Schiaparelli'',<ref name="Lander naming">{{cite news |first=Sean |last=Patterson |title=ESA Names ExoMars Lander 'Schiaparelli' |date=8 November 2013 |url=http://spacefellowship.com/news/art35863/exomars-lander-module-named-schiaparelli.html |work=Space Fellowship}}</ref> was intended to provide the [[European Space Agency]] (ESA) and Russia's [[Roscosmos]] with the technology for landing on the surface of Mars.<ref name="EDM July 2014">{{cite web |url=http://exploration.esa.int/mars/47852-entry-descent-and-landing-demonstrator-module/ |title=Schiaparelli: the ExoMars Entry, Descent and Landing Demonstrator Module |work=ESA |date=2013 |access-date=1 October 2014}}</ref> It was launched together with the [[ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter]] (TGO) on 14 March 2016, 09:31 UTC and was scheduled to land softly on 19 October 2016. No signal indicating a successful landing was received,<ref name="NYT-20161020">{{cite news |last=Chan |first=Sewell |title=No Signal From Mars Lander, but European Officials Declare Mission a Success |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/21/science/space/no-signal-from-mars-lander-but-european-officials-declare-mission-a-success.html |date=20 October 2016 |work=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2016 }}</ref> and on 21 October 2016 NASA released a [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] [[:File:PIA21130-SignsOfSchiaparelliTestLanderSeenFromOrbit-20161021.gif|image]] showing what appears to be the lander crash site.<ref name="NYT-20161021" /> The lander was equipped with a non-rechargeable electric battery with enough power for four [[Timekeeping on Mars#Sols|sols]]. The soft landing should have taken place on [[Meridiani Planum]]<ref name="EDM July 2014"/> during the dust storm season, which would have provided a unique chance to characterise a dust-laden atmosphere during entry and descent, and to conduct surface measurements associated with a dust-rich environment.<ref name="payload">{{cite news |title=Entry, Descent and Surface Science for 2016 Mars Mission |date=10 June 2010 |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110610131834.htm |work=Science Daily}}</ref>

Once on the surface, it was to measure the wind speed and direction, humidity, pressure and surface temperature, and determine the transparency of the atmosphere.<ref name="payload" /> It carried a surface payload, based on the proposed meteorological '''DREAMS''' (Dust Characterisation, Risk Assessment, and Environment Analyser on the Martian Surface) package, consists of a suite of sensors to measure the wind speed and direction (MetWind), humidity (MetHumi), pressure (MetBaro), surface temperature (MarsTem), the transparency of the atmosphere (Optical Depth Sensor; ODS), and atmospheric electrification (Atmospheric Radiation and Electricity Sensor; MicroARES).<ref name="ESPC2013">
F. Esposito, ''et al.,'' [http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2013/EPSC2013-815.pdf DREAMS for the ExoMars 2016 mission: a suite of sensors for the characterisation of Martian environment"] (PDF). European Planetary Science Congress 2013, EPSC Abstracts Vol. 8, EPSC2013-815 (2013)</ref><ref name=DREAMS>{{cite web |url=http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=48898 |title=EDM surface payload |date=19 December 2011 |work=European Space Agency (ESA)}}</ref> The DREAMS payload was to function for 2 or 3 days as an environmental station for the duration of the EDM surface mission after landing.<ref name="EDM July 2014" /><ref name=Vago>{{cite news |first=J |last=Vago |display-authors=etal |url=http://esamultimedia.esa.int/multimedia/publications/ESA-Bulletin-155/offline/download.pdf  |title=ExoMars, ESA's next step in Mars exploration |work=ESA Bulletin magazine |issue=155 |date=August 2013 |pages=12–23}}</ref>