Editing Sultanate of Rum (section)

==Numismatics==
The earliest documented Rum Seljuq copper coins were made in the first part of the twelfth century in Konya and the eastern Anatolian emirates.{{sfn|Beihammer|2017|p=20}} Extensive numismatic evidence suggests that, starting in the middle of the thirteenth century and continuing until the end of the Seljuk dynasty, silver-producing mints and silver coinage flourished, particularly in central and eastern Anatolia.{{sfn|Pamuk|2000|p=28}}

[[File:Suleyman II of Rum, Qunya, 597 H (1200-1201).jpg|thumb|left|Gold coinage of [[Suleiman II (Rûm)|Suleiman II]] of Rum, [[Konya]], 597 H (1200–1201 CE)]]
Most of Kilij Arslan II's coins were minted in Konya between 1177–78 and 1195, with a small amount also occurring in Sivas, which the Rum Seljuks conquered from the Danishmendids.{{sfn|Sinclair|2020|p=41}} Sivas may have started minting coins in 1185–1186.{{sfn|Sinclair|2020|p=41}} The majority of Kılıj Arslan II's coins are silver [[dirham]]s; however, there are also a few [[dinar]]s and one or two [[fals|fulūs]] (small copper coins) issues.{{sfn|Sinclair|2020|p=41}} Following his death the sultanate was divided among his sons. Muhyiddin Mesut, son of Kilij Arslan II, minted coins in the northwesterly cities of Ankara, Çankırı, Eskişehir, and Kaztamunu from 1186 to 1200.{{sfn|Sinclair|2020|p=41}} [[Tughril ibn Kılıç Arslan II]]'s reign in Erzurum, another son of Kilij Arslan II, minted silver dirhams in 1211–1212.{{sfn|Sinclair|2020|p=41}} 

[[File:Kaykhusraw II dirham.jpg|thumb|Dirham of [[Kaykhusraw II]], minted at Sivas, 1240–1241&nbsp;AD]]
The sun-lion and the equestrian are the two central motifs in the Rum Seljuq numismatic figural repertoire.{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=69}} The image of a horseman with two more arrows ready and his bow taut represents strength and control and is a representation of the ideal Seljuq king of the Great Age.{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=69}} The image initially appeared on Rum Seljuq copper coins in the late eleventh century.{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=69}} The first to add equestrian iconography to silver and gold coins was [[Suleiman II of Rûm]](r. 1196–1204).{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=69}} Antalya minted coins with [[Kaykaus I]]'s name from November 1261 to November 1262.{{sfn|Shukurov|2016|p=104}} Between 1211 and 1219, the bulk of his coins are minted at Konya and Sivas.{{sfn|Sinclair|2020|p=41}}

A significant portion of the Islamic Near East may have experienced a "silver famine" owing to little, or very little, silver mintings from the eleventh and most of the twelfth centuries. However, at the start of the thirteenth century a "silver flood" occurred in Rum Seljuq territory when Anatolian silver mines were discovered.{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=68}} The fineness of Rum Seljuq [[dirham]]s is similar to that of [[dinar]]s; frequently, both were struck using the same dies.{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=68}} The Seljuq silver coinage's superior quality and prominence contributed to the dynasty's affluence throughout the early part of the thirteenth century and explains why it served as a kind of anchor for the local "currency community."{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|pp=68–69}} The [[Empire of Trebizond]] and [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]] silver coins were modeled after the fineness and weight specifications of Rum Seljuq coins.{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=69}}