Editing Chernihiv Oblast

{{Short description|Oblast (region) of Ukraine}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name               = Chernihiv Oblast
| native_name        = Чернігівська область
| native_name_lang   = uk<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. -->
| official_name      = Chernihivska oblast<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Syvak|first1=Nina|last2=Ponomarenko|first2=Valerii|last3=Khodzinska|first3=Olha|last4=Lakeichuk|first4=Iryna|date=2011|editor-last=Veklych|editor-first=Lesia|others=scientific consultant Iryna Rudenko; reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa; translated by Olha Khodzinska|title=Toponymic Guidelines for Map and Other Editors for International Use|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/Toponymic%20guidelines%20PDF/Ukraine/Verstka.pdf|page=20|access-date=2020-10-06|website=[[United Nations Statistics Division]]|publisher=DerzhHeoKadastr and Kartographia|publication-place=Kyiv|isbn=978-966-475-839-7}}</ref>
| nickname           = {{lang|uk|Чернігівщина}} ({{Transliteration|uk|Chernihivshchyna}})
| settlement_type    = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]]
| image_skyline      = 
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = Prapor Chernihivskoyi oblasti.svg
| flag_alt           = Flag of Chernihiv Oblast
| image_shield       = Coat of Arms of Chernihiv Oblast.svg
| shield_alt         = Coat of arms of Chernihiv Oblast
| image_map          = Chernihiv in Ukraine.svg
| mapsize            = 275px
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|51.34|32.06|type:adm1st_region:UA|display=inline,title}}|
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{UKR}}
| parts_type         = [[List of cities in Chernihiv Oblast|Largest cities]]
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = [[Chernihiv]], [[Nizhyn]], [[Pryluky]]
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = 15 October 1932
| seat_type          = [[Administrative centre|Administrative center]]
| seat               = [[Chernihiv]]
| leader_party       = 
| leader_title       = [[Governor of Chernihiv Oblast|Governor]]
| leader_name        = [[Vyacheslav Chaus]]<ref>[https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3292088-zelensky-appoints-head-of-chernihiv-regional-state-administration.html Zelensky appoints head of Chernihiv Regional State Administration], [[Ukrinform]] (4 August 2021)</ref>
| leader_title1      = [[Chernihiv Oblast Council|Oblast council]]
| leader_name1       = 64 seats
| leader_title2      = Chairperson
| leader_name2       = Olena Dmytrenko
| unit_pref          = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 31865
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_rank          = [[List of Ukrainian oblasts and territories by area|Ranked 3rd]]
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| population_footnotes = <ref name="ua2022estimate"/>
| population_total   = {{decrease}} 959315
| population_rank    = 
| population_as_of   = 2022
| population_blank1_title = Annual growth
| population_blank1  = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Валовий регіональний продукт|url=https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2023/05/zb_vrp_2021.xlsx}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Total
| demographics1_info1 = ₴ 114 billion<br />(€2.9 billion)
| demographics1_title2 = Per capita
| demographics1_info2 = ₴ 117,225<br />(€3,000)
| blank5_name_sec1   = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)
| blank5_info_sec1   = 0.737<ref>{{Cite web|title= Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab |url= https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/UKR/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0 |website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en}}</ref><br />{{color|#0c0|high}}
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]s
| blank_info_sec1    = 5
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Hromada]]s
| blank1_info_sec1   = 57
| blank2_name_sec1   = 
| blank2_info_sec1   = 
| blank3_name_sec1   = 
| blank3_info_sec1   = 
| blank4_name_sec1   = 
| blank4_info_sec1   = 
| timezone1          = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset1        = +2
| timezone1_DST      = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST    = +3
| postal_code_type   = [[Ukrainian postal codes|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 14-17xxx
| area_code_type     = [[Area code#Ukraine|Area code]]
| area_code          = [[Area code#Ukraine|+380 46]]
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:UA|UA-74]]
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of Ukraine|Vehicle registration]]
| registration_plate = СВ
| blank_name_sec2    = [[FIPS 10-4]]
| blank_info_sec2    = [[List of FIPS region codes (S-U)#UP: Ukraine|UP02]]
| blank1_name_sec2   = [[NUTS statistical regions of Ukraine]]
| blank1_info_sec2   = UA14
| website            = [http://chor.gov.ua chor.gov.ua]
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Chernihiv Oblast''' ({{langx|uk|Чернігівська область|translit=Chernihivska oblast}}), also referred to as '''Chernihivshchyna''' ({{langx|uk|Чернігівщина}}), is an [[administrative divisions of Ukraine|oblast]] (province) in northern [[Ukraine]]. The [[capital city|administrative center]] of the oblast is the city of [[Chernihiv]]. There are 1,511 settlements in the oblast, with a total population of {{Ua-pop-est2022|959,315|punct=.}}

==Geography==
The total area of the province is around 31,900&nbsp;km².

On the west, the oblast is bordered by the [[Kyiv Reservoir]] of the [[Dnieper River]] and [[Kyiv Oblast]], which has a enclave known as [[Slavutych]], which was created from Chernihiv Oblast for the inhabitants of Chernobyl following the [[Chernobyl disaster]]. It is bordered by [[Sumy Oblast]] to the east and [[Poltava Oblast]] to the south. The northern border of the oblast is part of Ukraine's international border abutting [[Belarus]]'s [[Gomel Region]] in the north-west and the [[Russia]]n [[Bryansk Oblast]] in the north-east, respectively.

The oblast is bisected into northern and southern sections by the [[Desna River]], which enters the Dnieper just north of the [[Kyiv]] city limits. It is located in the historic regions of [[Left-bank Ukraine]] and [[Polissia]].

==History==
[[File:8116 Чернигов. Вид на Борисоглебскую церковь и Спасопреображенский собор.jpg|thumb|left|Medieval [[Transfiguration Cathedral, Chernihiv|Transfiguration Cathedral]] and [[Boris and Gleb Cathedral, Chernihiv|Boris and Gleb Cathedral]] in Chernihiv]]
Chernihiv Oblast was created as part of the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]] on 15 October 1932.

The capital city of Chernihiv has known human settlement for over 2,000 years, according to [[archaeological]] excavations. Chernihiv Oblast comprises a very important historical region, notable as early as the [[Kievan Rus']] period, when the cities of Chernihiv and [[Novhorod-Siverskyi]] were frequently mentioned. The city of Chernihiv was the second most important [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] city during the Rus' period of Ukrainian history, often serving as a major regional capital. [[Danylo of Chernihiv]] wrote of his pilgrimage to [[Jerusalem]] during this era. The region at various times was ruled by the Kievan Rus', [[Mongol Empire]], [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]], [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Poland]] and [[Russian Empire|Russia]]. Numerous tragic events have taken place in the region, such as the [[Battle of Kruty]] and the [[Koriukivka massacre]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2011/03/2/28636/|title=Корюківка: забута трагедія. Як нацисти знищили 7-тисячне містечко|language=uk}}</ref> During [[World War II]], the province was occupied by Germany in 1941–1943.

During the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|2022 invasion of Ukraine]], Chernihiv Oblast was one of the first regions where Russian and Ukrainian forces clashed.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 February 2022|title=Украинские пограничники сообщили об атаке границы со стороны России и Белоруссии|url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/824058|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224073734/https://www.interfax.ru/world/824058|archive-date=24 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022|website=Interfax}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=|date=|title=Войска России на севере Украины продвинулись вглубь до пяти километров – Арестович|url=https://www.unian.net/war/voyska-rossii-na-severe-ukrainy-prodvinulis-vglub-do-pyati-kilometrov-arestovich-novosti-donbassa-11715571.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224091205/https://www.unian.net/war/voyska-rossii-na-severe-ukrainy-prodvinulis-vglub-do-pyati-kilometrov-arestovich-novosti-donbassa-11715571.html|archive-date=24 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022|website=|language=}}</ref><ref name="hromadske.online">{{cite web|author=|date=24 February 2022|title=Перші три дні повномасштабної російсько-української війни (текстовий онлайн) &#124; Громадське телебачення|url=https://hromadske.ua/posts/rosijsko-ukrayinska-vijna-tekstovij-onlajn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224060243/https://hromadske.ua/posts/rosijsko-ukrayinska-vijna-tekstovij-onlajn|archive-date=24 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022|website=[[Hromadske]]|language=uk}}</ref> On 4 April 2022 [[Governor of Chernihiv Oblast]] [[Vyacheslav Chaus]] stated that the Russian military had left Chernihiv Oblast, but that it had planted mines in many areas.<ref>[https://ukranews.com/en/news/846757-russian-military-leaves-chernihiv-region-plants-mines-in-many-areas-governor-chaus Russian Military Leaves Chernihiv Region, Plants Mines In Many Areas - Governor Chaus], [[Ukrainian News Agency]] (4 April 2022)</ref> On 4 and 5 April 2022 units of the [[State Border Guard Service of Ukraine]] retook control of their border crossing in Chernihiv Oblast.<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/04/5/7337375/ Ukrainian border guards crossed the state border in Chernihiv region], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (5 April 2022)</ref>

==Demographics==
The current estimated population of the oblast is around 976,701 (as of 2021).

According to the [[2001 Ukrainian census]], [[Ukrainians|ethnic Ukrainians]] accounted for 93.5% of the population of Chernihiv Oblast, and [[Russians in Ukraine|ethnic Russians]] for 5.0%.<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-ethnic2001.htm Етнічний склад населення України, 2001 рік]</ref><ref>[http://db.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Database/Census/databasetree_en.asp Банк даних, перепис 2001 року]</ref>

=== Language ===
{{See also|Languages of Ukraine}}
[[File:UkraineNativeLanguagesCensus2001detailed-en.png|thumb|right|400px|According to the [[2001 Ukrainian census]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] was the native language for over 89% of Chernihiv Oblast's population: it was the dominant language in all of the city and town councils, as well as in the absolute majority of the village councils of the oblast. In the extreme north of Chernihiv Oblast, near the border with Russia and Belarus, [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russian]] was the dominant language in twelve village councils, all of which also had significant (over 20%) Ukrainian-speaking minorities.]]
Due to the [[Russification of Ukraine]] during the Soviet era, the share of Ukrainian speakers in the population of Chernihiv Oblast gradually decreased between the 1970 and 1989 censuses, while the share of Russian speakers increased.<ref>{{cite web |language=ru |url=https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568412 |title=Динамика численности этнических украинцев в УССР: на основе итогов Всесоюзных переписей населения 1959 г., 1970 г. и 1979 г. |access-date=2024-08-03 |archive-date=2024-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629092655/https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568412 |url-status=live }}</ref> Native language of the population of Chernihiv Oblast according to the results of population censuses:<ref>Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1959 года: Украинская ССР, стр. 168—193</ref><ref>Численность и состав населения СССР: по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения 1979 года. Центральное статистическое управление СССР, 1984</ref><ref>''Чорний С.'' Національний склад населення України в ХХ сторіччі (2001)</ref><ref>Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1970 года. Том IV — М., Статистика, 1973</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=|language=uk |url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/ |url-status=live |title=Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001. Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою |access-date=2014-08-21 |archive-date=2019-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024043444/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=|language=|url=http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=19A050501_021&ti=19A050501_021.%20%D0%EE%E7%EF%EE%E4%B3%EB%20%ED%E0%F1%E5%EB%E5%ED%ED%FF%20%E7%E0%20%ED%E0%F6%B3%EE%ED%E0%EB%FC%ED%B3%F1%F2%FE%20%F2%E0%20%F0%B3%E4%ED%EE%FE%20%EC%EE%E2%EE%FE%20%280%2C1%29&path=..%2FDatabase%2FCensus%2F05%2F01%2F&lang=1&multilang=uk |url-status=live |title=Перепис 1989. Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою (0,1) |access-date=2022-03-19 |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029090750/http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=19A050501_021&ti=19A050501_021.%20%D0%EE%E7%EF%EE%E4%B3%EB%20%ED%E0%F1%E5%EB%E5%ED%ED%FF%20%E7%E0%20%ED%E0%F6%B3%EE%ED%E0%EB%FC%ED%B3%F1%F2%FE%20%F2%E0%20%F0%B3%E4%ED%EE%FE%20%EC%EE%E2%EE%FE%20%280%2C1%29&path=..%2FDatabase%2FCensus%2F05%2F01%2F&lang=1&multilang=uk }}</ref>
{| class="standard sortable"
! ||1959||1970||1989||2001
|-
| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]||88.1%||88.8%||85.7%||89.1%
|-
| [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russian]]||11.1%||10.6%||13.6%||10.3%
|-
| Other||0.8%||0.6%||0.7%||0.4%
|}

Native language of the population of the [[Administrative divisions of Ukraine|raions and cities]] of Chernihiv Oblast according to the [[2001 Ukrainian census]]:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://db.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=19A050501_021_074&ti=19A050501_021_074.%20Distribution%20of%20the%20population%20by%20nationality%20and%20native%20language,%20Chernihivska%20oblast%20(2)&path=../Database/Census/05/02/02/&lang=2&multilang=en |title=Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою, Чернігівська область |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2023-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201204109/http://db.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=19A050501_021_074&ti=19A050501_021_074.%20Distribution%20of%20the%20population%20by%20nationality%20and%20native%20language,%20Chernihivska%20oblast%20(2)&path=../Database/Census/05/02/02/&lang=2&multilang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="standard sortable"
!  ||Ukrainian||Russian
|-
| '''Chernihiv Oblast''' ||'''89.1%'''||'''10.3%'''
|-
| City of [[Chernihiv]] ||74.0%||24.5%
|-
| City of [[Nizhyn]] ||89.5%||8.9%
|-
| City of [[Pryluky]] ||92.9%||6.8%
|-
| [[Bakhmach Raion]] ||97.1%||2.5%
|-
| [[Bobrovytsia Raion]] ||97.9%||1.8%
|-
| [[Borzna Raion]] ||98.4%||1.4%
|-
| [[Varva Raion]] ||97.0%||2.7%
|-
| [[Horodnia Raion]] ||92.5%||7.0%
|-
| [[Ichnia Raion]] ||97.8%||2.0%
|-
| [[Kozelets Raion]] ||95.8%||3.8%
|-
| [[Korop Raion]] ||97.8%||2.0%
|-
| [[Koriukivka Raion]]<br />(in pre-2020 borders) ||96.9%||2.8%
|-
| [[Kulykivka Raion]] ||98.0%||1.7%
|-
| [[Mena Raion]] ||97.5%||2.1%
|-
| [[Nizhyn Raion]]<br />(in pre-2020 borders) ||98.5%||1.3%
|-
| [[Novhorod-Siverskyi Raion]]<br />(in pre-2020 borders) ||63.9%||35.9%
|-
| [[Nosivka Raion]] ||97.9%||1.7%
|-
| [[Pryluky Raion]]<br />(in pre-2020 borders) ||97.2%||2.4%
|-
| [[Ripky Raion]] ||87.6%||11.4%
|-
| [[Semenivka Raion, Chernihiv Oblast|Semenivka Raion]] ||80.4%||19.4%
|-
| [[Snovsk Raion]] ||89.4%||10.3%
|-
| [[Sosnytsia Raion]] ||98.4%||1.4%
|-
| [[Sribne Raion]] ||98.3%||1.5%
|-
| [[Talalaivka Raion]] ||98.0%||1.9%
|-
| [[Chernihiv Raion]]<br />(in pre-2020 borders) ||95.4%||4.0%
|}
{{clear}}
[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] is the only official language on the whole territory of Chernihiv Oblast.<ref>{{cite web |language =uk |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2704-19 |title=Про забезпечення функціонування української мови як державної |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2020-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502182619/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2704-19 |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to a poll conducted by ''[[Rating (sociological group)|Rating]]'' from 16 November to 10 December 2018 as part of the project «Portraits of Regions», 80% of the residents of Chernihiv Oblast believed that the Ukrainian language should be the only state language on the entire territory of Ukraine. 12% believed that Ukrainian should be the only state language, while Russian should be the second official language in some regions of the country. 3% believed that Russian should become the second state language of the country. 5% found it difficult to answer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ratinggroup.ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/rg_chernihiv_122018_press.pdf|title="ПОРТРЕТИ РЕГІОНІВ". Чернігівська область|publisher=[[Rating (sociological group)|Рейтинг]]|date=2018-12-26|language=uk}}</ref>

On 21 March 2023, Chernihiv Oblast Military Administration approved the «Programme to promote the functioning of the Ukrainian language as a state language in Chernihiv Oblast for 2023—2028», the main objective of which is to strengthen the positions of the Ukrainian language in various spheres of public life in the oblast.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://suspilne.media/chernihiv/455385-caus-zatverdiv-programu-rozvitku-ta-funkcionuvanna-ukrainskoi-movi-na-cernigivsini-so-vidomo/|title=Чаус затвердив Програму розвитку та функціонування української мови на Чернігівщині: що відомо|work=[[Suspilne|Суспільне]]|date=2023-04-24|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://suspilne.media/chernihiv/512869-na-cernigivsini-na-programu-sprianna-ukrainskij-movi-vidilili-700-tisac-griven/|title=На Чернігівщині на програму сприяння українській мові виділили 700 тисяч гривень|work=[[Suspilne|Суспільне]]|date=2023-06-22|language=uk|access-date=2024-10-28|archive-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908141253/https://suspilne.media/chernihiv/512869-na-cernigivsini-na-programu-sprianna-ukrainskij-movi-vidilili-700-tisac-griven/|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the research of the ''Content Analysis Centre'', conducted from 15 August to 15 September 2024, the topic of which was the ratio of Ukrainian and Russian languages in the Ukrainian segment of [[social media]], 76.2% of posts from Chernihiv Oblast were written in Ukrainian (67.8% in 2023, 56.6% in 2022, 18.1% in 2020), while 23.8% were written in Russian (32.2% in 2023, 43.4% in 2022, 81.9% in 2020).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ms.detector.media/internet/post/36568/2024-10-28-chastka-dopysiv-ukrainskoyu-movoyu-v-sotsmerezhakh-zrosla-do-56-tsentr-kontent-analizu/ |title=Частка дописів українською мовою в соцмережах зросла до 56 %, — Центр контент-аналізу |date=2024-10-28 |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title="Радикальний прогрес". У соцмережах української стало набагато більше, — дослідження |url=https://texty.org.ua/fragments/111001/radykalnyj-prohres-u-socmerezhah-ukrayinskoyi-stalo-nabahato-bilshe-doslidzhennya/ |access-date=2023-12-11 |archive-date=2023-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211202240/https://texty.org.ua/fragments/111001/radykalnyj-prohres-u-socmerezhah-ukrayinskoyi-stalo-nabahato-bilshe-doslidzhennya/ |url-status=live |language=uk}}</ref>

After Ukraine declared independence in 1991, Chernihiv Oblast, as well as Ukraine as a whole, experienced a gradual [[Ukrainization]] of the education system, which had been [[Russification of Ukraine|Russified]]<ref>Barbara A. Anderson and Brian D. Silver, "Equality, Efficiency, and Politics in Soviet Bilingual Education Policy, 1934-1980," American Political Science Review 78 (December 1984): 1019-1039.</ref> during the Soviet era. Dynamics of the ratio of the [[Medium of instruction|languages of instruction]] in general secondary education institutions in Chernihiv Oblast:<ref>«Статистичний щорічник України за 1998 рік» — К., 1999. {{cite web |url=https://pics.livejournal.com/alina_ma/pic/000ghttb |title=Джерело |website=pics.livejournal.com |access-date=2024-12-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=|url=https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/st_sc/SEU2008_u.zip |title=Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2008 рік |publisher=[[State Statistics Service of Ukraine|Державна служба статистики України]] |language=uk |access-date=2024-08-10 |archive-date=2022-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408201718/http://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/st_sc/SEU2008_u.zip |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=|url=https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2013/sb/10_13/sz_Ukr_2012.zip |title=Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2012 рік |publisher=[[State Statistics Service of Ukraine|Державна служба статистики України]] |language=uk |access-date=2024-08-10 |archive-date=2024-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807143246/https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2013/sb/10_13/sz_Ukr_2012.zip |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=|url=https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2019/zb/11/zb_yearbook_2018.pdf |title=Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2018 рік |publisher=[[State Statistics Service of Ukraine|Державна служба статистики України]] |language=uk |access-date=2024-08-10 |archive-date=2024-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803223353/https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2019/zb/11/zb_yearbook_2018.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/zso21_ue.xlsx |script-title=uk:Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2021 році |language=uk |script-website=uk:Державна служба статистики України |access-date=2024-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707121443/https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/zso21_ue.xlsx |archive-date=2024-07-07 |url-status=live}} — {{cite web |url=https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/arch_pto_u.htm |script-title=uk:Сайт Державної служби статистики України |language=uk |script-website=uk:Державна служба статистики України |access-date=2024-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604201459/https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/arch_pto_u.htm |archive-date=2024-06-04 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2023/osv/osv_rik/zso22_ue.xlsx |script-title=uk:Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2022 році |language=uk |script-website=uk:Державна служба статистики України |access-date=2024-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626161348/https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2023/osv/osv_rik/zso22_ue.xlsx |archive-date=2024-06-26 |url-status=live}} — {{cite web |url=https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/arch_pto_u.htm |script-title=uk:Сайт Державної служби статистики України |language=uk |script-website=uk:Державна служба статистики України |date=|access-date=2024-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604201459/https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/arch_pto_u.htm |archive-date=2024-06-04 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://stat.gov.ua/sites/default/files/2024-02/Збірник%20Статистичний%20щорічник%20України%202022%20рік.pdf |title=Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2022 рік |publisher=[[State Statistics Service of Ukraine|Державна служба статистики України]] |language=uk |access-date=2024-08-10 |archive-date=2024-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807143242/https://stat.gov.ua/sites/default/files/2024-02/Збірник%20Статистичний%20щорічник%20України%202022%20рік.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="standard"
|-
| [[Medium of instruction|Language of instruction]], <br />% of pupils || 1991—<br />1992 || 1992—<br />1993 || 1993—<br />1994 || 1994—<br />1995 || 1995—<br />1996 || 2000—<br />2001 || 2005—<br />2006 || 2007—<br />2008 || 2010—<br />2011 || 2012—<br />2013 || 2015—<br />2016 || 2018—<br />2019 || 2021—<br />2022 || 2022—<br />2023
|-
| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]|| 67.1% || 70.3% || 74.0% || 78.0% || 81.0% || 94.0% || 99.0% || 99.0% || 99.5% || 99.6% || 99.6% || 99.6% || 99.97% || 100.0%
|-
| [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russian]] || 32.9% || 29.7% || 26.0% || 22.0% || 19.0% || 6.0% || 1.0% || 1.0% || 0.5% || 0.4% || 0.4% || 0.4% || 0.03% || —
|-
|}

According to the [[State Statistics Service of Ukraine]], in the 2023—2024 school year, all 89,872 pupils in general secondary education institutions in Chernihiv Oblast were studying in classes where [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] was the language of instruction.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2023/osv/osv_rik/zso23_ue.xlsx |title=Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2023 році |language=uk |website=www.ukrstat.gov.ua |date=|access-date=2024-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601143959/https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2023/osv/osv_rik/zso23_ue.xlsx |archive-date=2024-06-01 |url-status=live}} — {{cite web |author=|url=https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/arch_pto_u.htm |title=Сайт Державної служби статистики України |language=uk |website=www.ukrstat.gov.ua |date=|access-date=2024-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604201459/https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2022/osv/osv_rik/arch_pto_u.htm |archive-date=2024-06-04 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The province has experienced long-term population decline. The population has fallen 37% from the 1959 figure of 1,554,000, the steepest decline of any Ukrainian oblast. It has the lowest population density in the country.

===Age structure===
: ''0-14 years:'' 12.9% {{increase}} (male 70,680/female 67,487)
: ''15-64 years:'' 68.4% {{decrease}} (male 352,230/female 378,864)
: ''65 years and over:'' 18.7% {{decrease}} (male 61,722/female 138,277) (2013 official)

===Median age===
: ''total:'' 42.8 years {{steady}}
: ''male:'' 38.5 years {{increase}}
: ''female:'' 46.9 years {{steady}} (2013 official)

==Administrative subdivisions==
{{main|Administrative divisions of Chernihiv Oblast}}
[[File:Chernihiv Oblast 2020 subdivisions.jpg|thumb|575px|Map of Chernihiv Oblast.]]

Since July 2020, Chernihiv Oblast is administratively subdivided into 5 [[Raions of Ukraine|raions]] (districts).

The following data incorporates the number of each type of administrative divisions of Chernihiv Oblast:

* Administrative centre — 1 ([[Chernihiv]]),
* [[Raions]] — 5,
* [[Hromada]]s — 57, including:
** Urban hromadas — 16,
** Settlement hromadas — 24,
** Rural hromadas — 17.

The local administration of the oblast is controlled by the Chernihiv Oblast Rada. The governor of the oblast is the Chernihiv Oblast Rada speaker, appointed by the [[President of Ukraine]].

===Important settlements===
;Largest cities
# [[File:Coat of Arms of Chernihiv.svg|20px]] [[Chernihiv]] (294,727)
# [[File:Nizhyn gerb.png|20px]] [[Nizhyn]] (72,422)
# [[File:Priluky.png|20px]] [[Pryluky]] (58,456)
# [[File:Bahmach gerb.svg|20px]] [[Bakhmach]] (18,798)
# [[File:Nosivka new gerb.gif|20px]] [[Nosivka]] (14,185)
# [[File:Novhorod-Siverskiy herb.png|20px]] [[Novhorod-Siverskyi]] (14,025)
;Other settlements
* [[Borzna]] (historical city)
* [[Kozelets]] (historical town)
* [[Liubech]] (historical city of [[Middle Ages]])
* [[Baturyn]] (Hetman residence and fort)

===Raions===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Flag
!Coat of arms
! Name  || Ukrainian name || Administrative centre|| Area <br />(km<sup>2</sup>) || Population estimate (2021)<ref>"[http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2021/zb_chuselnist%202021.pdf Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406120543/http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2021/zb_chuselnist%202021.pdf |date=April 6, 2022 }}" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). [[State Statistics Service of Ukraine]]. Retrieved 11 July 2021.</ref>
|-
|[[File:Chrnihivskiy rayon prapor.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|[[File:Chernihivskiy rayon gerb.png|frameless|33x33px]]
| [[Chernihiv Raion]]|| Чернігівський район ||[[Chernihiv]]|| align="right" | 10,249 || align="right" | 445,430
|-
|[[File:Korukivskiy rayon prapor.png|frameless|49x49px]]
|[[File:Korukivskiy rayon gerb.png|frameless|33x33px]]
|[[Koriukivka Raion]] || Корюківський район ||[[Koriukivka]]|| align="right" | 4,578 || align="right" | 86,435
|-
|[[File:Nizhinskiy rayon prapor.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|[[File:Nizhinskiy rayon gerb.png|frameless|33x33px]]
| [[Nizhyn Raion]]||Ніжинський район
|[[Nizhyn]]|| align="right" | 7,226 || align="right" | 215,908
|-
|[[File:Novhorod-Siverskyj rayon prapor.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|[[File:Novhorod-Siversky rayon gerb.png|frameless|33x33px]]
| [[Novhorod-Siverskyi Raion]]||Новгород-Сіверський район
|[[Novhorod-Siverskyi]]|| align="right" | 4,630.5 || align="right" | 62,141
|-
|[[File:Prylukskiy rayon prapor.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|[[File:Prylukskiy rayon gerb.png|frameless|33x33px]]
| [[Pryluky Raion]]||Прилуцький район
|[[Pryluky]]|| align="right" | 5,214 || align="right" | 149,401
|-
|[[File:Flag of Chernihiv Oblast.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Chernihiv Oblast.svg|frameless|34x34px]]
| '''Chernihiv Oblast'''|| Чернігівська область ||[[Chernihiv]]|| align="right" | 31,865 || align="right" | 959,315
|}

The [[Slavutych]] municipality is located in Chernihiv Oblast on the eastern bank of the Dnieper, but officially belongs to [[Kyiv Oblast]] (being an administrative [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]]).

==Economy==

===Industry===
The economy of Chernihiv Oblast is centered around [[petroleum]] and [[natural gas]] extraction, [[transport]], [[machinery]], [[tobacco]] and the [[textile]] industry. A major tobacco factory is situated in [[Pryluky]]. The cities of [[Bakhmach]] and [[Nizhyn]] are important [[railway]] junctions on the route from [[Russia]] and [[Belarus]] to Southeast [[Europe]]. There are notable machinery and [[electronics]] industries in [[Chernihiv]]. Chernihiv also has a brewery producing beer under the name "Chernihivske".

==Religion==
{{main|History of Christianity in Ukraine}}

The religion among believers in the oblast is overwhelmingly [[Eastern Orthodox]]. A substantial percentage of the population is [[atheist]]. Small minorities of [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ukrainian Catholics]], [[Roman Catholic]]s (including the descendants of earlier [[Polish people|Polish]] colonists), and recent converts to [[Protestantism]] are also present.

==Culture and tourist attractions==
There are several outstanding historical Orthodox churches and buildings in [[Chernihiv]], [[Novhorod-Siverskyi]], [[Liubech]], [[Nizhyn]], [[Kozelets]], and [[Pryluky]]. Nizhyn is a historical [[Cossacks|Cossack]] city and home to a university.
*[[Saint Anthony's Caves]]
*Churches of Chernihiv, including [[Transfiguration Cathedral, Chernihiv|Saviour-Transfiguration Cathedral]], [[Boris and Gleb Cathedral, Chernihiv|Boris and Gleb Cathedral]], Yeletsky Monastery, [[Trinity Monastery, Chernihiv|Trinity Monastery]], [[Catherine's Church, Chernihiv|St. Catherine's Church]], [[Piatnytska Church (Chernihiv)|Piatnytska Church]]
*Hustynia Monastery
*Kniazhyi hrad
*[[Kachanivka|Kachanivka Palace]] and Sokyryntsi Palace

Chernihiv Oblast was famous for its specific style of folk icon-painting. Brightness and realistic depictions of the saints were typical for it, with red and hot yellow paints used. The icons were decorated by flowers in a manner reminiscent of [[Slavic people|Slavonic]] pre-Christian traditions. The icons from Chernihiv Oblast were spread outside its territory. Many of them are preserved in the [[Museum of Ukrainian home icons]] of the [[Radomysl Castle]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

==Nomenclature==
Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their [[Capital (political)|capital]] cities, officially referred to as "oblast centres" ({{langx|uk|обласний центр}}, [[Romanization of Ukrainian|translit.]] ''oblasnyi tsentr''). The name of each oblast is a [[relative clause|relative]] [[adjective]], formed by adding a feminine [[suffix]] to the name of respective centre city: ''Chernihiv'' is the centre of the ''Chernihivs'ka oblast''' (Chernihiv Oblast). Most oblasts are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case with the Chernihiv Oblast, ''Chernihivshchyna''.

{{See also|Romanization of Ukrainian}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Небо палає.jpg|[[Krasna Square]] in Chernihiv
File:Transfiguration cathedral. Chernihiv.JPG|[[Transfiguration Cathedral, Chernihiv|Transfiguration Cathedral]] in Chernihiv, one of the oldest surviving [[List of buildings of pre-Mongol Rus'|buildings of pre-Mongol Rus']]
File:Миколаївський собор.jpg|[[St. Nicholas Cathedral, Nizhyn|St. Nicholas Cathedral]] in Nizhyn, the prototype of [[Ukrainian Baroque]]
File:Собор Різдва. Прилуки. 2.jpg|Nativity of the Theotokos Cathedral in [[Pryluky]]
File:Р. Десна Новгород-Сіверський.jpg|Transfiguration Monastery in Novhorod-Siverskyi
File:Kachanivka panorama.jpg|[[Kachanivka|Kachanivka Palace]]
File:Sokyryntsi Park-palace-2.JPG|Sokyryntsi Palace
File:Палац К. Розумовського.jpg|[[Razumovski Palace (Baturyn)|Kyrylo Rozumovskyi's Palace]] in Baturyn
File:Архітектурно-меморіальний комплекс Цитадель.jpg|[[Baturyn Fortress Citadel]]
File:РЛП «Міжрічинський», Десна. img2.jpg|[[Mizhrichynskyi Regional Landscape Park]] 
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Administrative divisions of Ukraine]]
* [[Chernigov Regiment|Chernihiv Regiment]]
* [[Chernihiv Governorate]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* Kardash, Peter. ''Ukraine and Ukrainians''. Ed. Peter Lockwood. Melbourne: Fortuna Publishers, 1988.
* (1972) ''Історіа міст і сіл Української CCP - Чернігівська область (History of Towns and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR - Chernihiv Oblast)'', Kiev. {{in lang|uk}}
* [http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/publish/article?art_id=116631&cat_id=32596 Information Card of the Region] - Official site of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
{{refend}}
* Богомолець. О. "Замок-музей Радомисль на Шляху Королів Via Regia". — Київ, 2013

==External links==
{{sister project links|Chernihiv Oblast}}
{{refbegin}}
* [http://www.kinshipsprints.com/catalog/maps/RussianEmpire1910_Chernigov.pdf Very detailed map of Chernigov Guberniya as in 1910] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210170928/http://www.kinshipsprints.com/catalog/maps/RussianEmpire1910_Chernigov.pdf |date=10 February 2012 }} Latinised placenames
* [http://cg.gov.ua/ Chernihiv Oblast State Administration] {{in lang|uk}}
* [http://patent.net.ua/symbol/regions/cn/ua.html patent.net.ua] - Symbols of Chernihiv Oblast
{{refend}}
* [http://www.radozamok.com.ua/en/ The Official Site of the Radomysl Castle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814134402/http://www.radozamok.com.ua/en/ |date=14 August 2020 }}
* [http://www.chernihiv-oblast.gov.ua/ Economic Portal of Chernihiv Region]

{{Chernihiv Oblast}}
{{Administrative divisions of Ukraine}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Chernihiv Oblast| ]]
[[Category:Oblasts of Ukraine]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1932]]
[[Category:1932 establishments in Ukraine]]