Editing Deutsche Bank Center

{{Short description|Skyscraper in Manhattan, New York}}
{{About|the building at Columbus Circle, formerly known as Time Warner Center|the structure known as the Time Warner Building from 1990 to 2001|75 Rockefeller Plaza||Deutsche Bank Building (disambiguation)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox building
| name             = Deutsche Bank Center
| former_names     = {{plainlist|
* AOL Time Warner Center
* Time Warner Center
}}
| alternate_names  = One Columbus Circle
| image            = Time Warner Center May 2010.JPG
| image_size       = 260px
| caption          = Deutsche Bank Center in May 2010, when it was named Time Warner Center
| location         = 1 [[Columbus Circle]],<br>[[Manhattan]], New York, U.S.
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| coordinates      = {{coord|40|46|08|N|73|58|59|W|type:landmark_region:US-NY|display=inline,title}}
| map_type         =
| status           = Complete
| start_date       = November 2, 2000
| completion_date  = 2003
| opening          = February 5, 2004
| building_type    = Mixed-use
| antenna_spire    =
| roof             = {{cvt|750|ft|m}}
| top_floor        =
| current_tenants  = [[Deutsche Bank]]
| floor_count      = 55
| floor_area       =
| cost             = $1.8 billion
| architect        = [[David Childs]], [[Mustafa Kemal Abadan]] of [[Skidmore, Owings and Merrill]]
| structural_engineer = [[WSP Group|WSP Cantor Seinuk]] <br> [[Cosentini Associates]]
| main_contractor  =
| developer        =
| owner            = {{flatlist|
[[The Related Companies]]
* [[Abu Dhabi Investment Authority]]
* [[GIC Private Limited]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2014/01/venture-seals-1-3b-time-warner-center-buy/ |title=Time Warner Sells Headquarters Space, Will Move to Hudson Yards |last=Delaporte |first=Gus |work=Commercial Observer |date=January 16, 2014 |access-date=December 27, 2018 |archive-date=December 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227085058/https://commercialobserver.com/2014/01/venture-seals-1-3b-time-warner-center-buy/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
}}

'''Deutsche Bank Center''' (also known as '''One Columbus Circle''' and formerly '''Time Warner Center''') is a [[mixed-use development|mixed-use]] building on [[Columbus Circle]] in [[Manhattan]], New York City, United States. The building occupies the western side of Columbus Circle and straddles the border between [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]] and the [[Upper West Side]]. It was developed by [[The Related Companies]] and [[Apollo Global Management]], and designed by [[David Childs]] and Mustafa Kemal Abadan of [[Skidmore, Owings & Merrill]].

Deutsche Bank Center features twin {{convert|750|foot|m|adj=on}} towers, connected by a multi-story [[Atrium (architecture)|atrium]]. The building has a total floor area of {{Convert|2.8|e6ft2|m2}}. It contains office space, residential condominiums, the [[Mandarin Oriental, New York]] hotel, and the [[Jazz at Lincoln Center]] entertainment venue. [[The Shops at Columbus Circle]] shopping mall is placed at the base of the building, with a large [[Whole Foods Market]] grocery store on the lower level.

The building was built on the site of the [[New York Coliseum]], formerly New York City's main convention center. Plans for the project, then known as Columbus Center, were approved in 1998. Construction began in November 2000 and a topping-out ceremony was held in 2003; the project was known as AOL Time Warner Center during construction, but the "AOL" name was dropped before opening. Time Warner Center officially opened on February 5, 2004. [[Deutsche Bank]] replaced WarnerMedia as the anchor tenant of the {{convert|1.1|e6ft2|m2|adj=on}} office area in May 2021 and it was renamed Deutsche Bank Center.

== Site ==
The center is on the west side of [[Columbus Circle]], on the border of [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]] and the [[Upper West Side]], in [[Manhattan]], New York City, United States.<ref name="ZoLa">{{Cite web |title=1 Columbus Circle, 10023 |url=https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/1049/7501 |url-status=live |access-date=September 8, 2020 |publisher=[[New York City Department of City Planning]] |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903002512/https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/1049/7501 }}</ref><ref name="AIA5 p. 310">{{harvnb|White|Willensky|Leadon|2010|ps=.|p=310}}</ref> It occupies an irregular plot of land bounded by 60th Street to the north, the Coliseum Park apartment complex to the west, and 58th Street to the south. The eastern boundary consists of [[Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)|Eighth Avenue]], Columbus Circle, and [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] from south to north. The [[land lot]] covers {{convert|149,560|ft2|m2|0}}, with a [[frontage]] of {{Convert|519.03|ft}} on Columbus Circle and a depth of {{Convert|492|ft}}.<ref name="ZoLa" /> Deutsche Bank Center's primary address is 1 Columbus Circle.<ref name="Real Estate Weekly 2021" /> The building also uses the addresses 25 Columbus Circle for its south tower and 80 Columbus Circle for the north tower.<ref name="nyt20030727">{{Cite news |last=Brozan |first=Nadine |date=July 27, 2003 |title=The High-Stakes Game of the Name |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/27/realestate/the-high-stakes-game-of-the-name.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905235624/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/27/realestate/the-high-stakes-game-of-the-name.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The building is near [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (New York City)|Trump International Hotel and Tower]] to the northeast, [[Central Park]] to the east, [[2 Columbus Circle]] and [[240 Central Park South]] to the southeast, and [[Central Park Place]] to the south.<ref name="ZoLa" /> Entrances to the [[New York City Subway]]'s [[59th Street–Columbus Circle station]], served by the {{NYCS trains|Columbus Circle header}}, are directly outside the building.<ref>{{cite web |year=2018 |title=MTA Neighborhood Maps: 59 St-Columbus Cir (1) |url=https://new.mta.info/document/2011 |access-date=September 13, 2018 |website=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority|mta.info]] |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029050619/https://new.mta.info/document/2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> As part of the construction of what was then Time Warner Center, the existing subway staircase was refurbished and an elevator was added to the subway entrance. Because the building did not include a zoning bonus, the developers did not need to fund a renovation of the subway station, as [[Hearst Communications]] was obligated to do when it built [[Hearst Tower (Manhattan)|Hearst Tower]] one block south.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=September 26, 2002 |title=BLOCKS; Trade-Offs and Reminders at 59th St. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/26/nyregion/blocks-trade-offs-and-reminders-at-59th-st.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905161625/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/26/nyregion/blocks-trade-offs-and-reminders-at-59th-st.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Deutsche Bank Center occupies the site of the [[New York Coliseum]],<ref name="AIA5 p. 311">{{harvnb|White|Willensky|Leadon|2010|ps=.|p=311}}</ref><ref name=":32"/> which itself replaced two city blocks bounded by Columbus Circle, 60th Street, [[Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)|Ninth Avenue]], and 58th Street.<ref name="LJ p. 87">{{harvnb|Linn|Joch|2003|ps=.|p=87}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 14, 1954 |title=Block of 59th St. 'Vanishes' as Crews Clear Site for the Coliseum |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1954/05/14/archives/block-of-59th-st-vanishes-as-crews-clear-site-for-the-coliseum.html |access-date=September 6, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827230001/https://www.nytimes.com/1954/05/14/archives/block-of-59th-st-vanishes-as-crews-clear-site-for-the-coliseum.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Coliseum opened in 1956 as New York City's main convention center,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gossett |first=Carl T. |date=April 29, 1956 |title=Coliseum Opened; Crowds Flock in to See 3 Exhibits; High Officials Snip Ribbon in Center That Was Built at Cost of $35,000,000 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1956/04/29/archives/coliseum-opened-crowds-flock-in-to-see-3-exhibits-high-officials.html |access-date=February 13, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212000655/http://www.nytimes.com/1956/04/29/archives/coliseum-opened-crowds-flock-in-to-see-3-exhibits-high-officials.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite New York 1960|page=669}}</ref> being superseded by the [[Javits Center]] in the 1980s.<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Hill |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLn64RtcTO8C&pg=PA131 |title=Guide to Contemporary New York City Architecture |date=2011 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=9780393733266 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 748">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|p=748}}</ref> Around the same time, the area around Columbus Circle was being redeveloped, in part because of the Coliseum's success.<ref name="nyt20000220">{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=February 20, 2000 |title=Built, but Not Destined, to Last; A Robert Moses Legacy, Coliseum Is Coming Down |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/20/nyregion/built-but-not-destined-to-last-a-robert-moses-legacy-coliseum-is-coming-down.html |access-date=February 13, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015044703/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/20/nyregion/built-but-not-destined-to-last-a-robert-moses-legacy-coliseum-is-coming-down.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This prompted the Coliseum's owner, the [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] (MTA), to place the building up for sale in 1985.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 748" /><ref name="p111297617">{{cite news |date=February 5, 1985 |title=Coliseum Complex Is Put Up for Sale |page=B3 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|111297617}}}}</ref> An agreement on the site's redevelopment was not finalized until 1998,<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 762">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|p=762}}</ref><ref name="nyt19980730">{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=July 30, 1998 |title=Sale of Coliseum Site Receives Approval |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/30/nyregion/sale-of-coliseum-site-receives-approval.html |access-date=February 13, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214202638/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/30/nyregion/sale-of-coliseum-site-receives-approval.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and designs for the Coliseum replacement itself were not in place until 1999.<ref name="nyt20000220" /> This was in part due to disagreements over the site, as well as a weak economy in the late 1980s and early 1990s.<ref name="LJ p. 88">{{harvnb|Linn|Joch|2003|ps=.|p=88}}</ref>

==Architecture==
[[File:Time Warner Center by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|Time Warner Center as seen from Columbus Circle in 2006]]
Deutsche Bank Center was designed by [[David Childs]] of [[Skidmore, Owings & Merrill]] (SOM),<ref name="AIA5 p. 310" /> working with T. J. Gottesdiener<ref name="nyt200006282" /> and Mustafa K. Abadan of the same firm.<ref name="enc-nyc">{{cite enc-nyc|page=1319}}</ref> Specific portions of the interior were designed by different architects.<ref name="nyt200006282">{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=June 28, 2000 |title=How an Architectural Camel Shed Its Hump; Columbus Center: Introducing A New Version, In Angled Glass |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/28/nyregion/architectural-camel-shed-its-hump-columbus-center-introducing-new-version-angled.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903205017/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/28/nyregion/architectural-camel-shed-its-hump-columbus-center-introducing-new-version-angled.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Stern (2006) pp. 762-763">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|pp=762–763}}</ref><ref name="p200357445">{{cite magazine |last=Gair |first=Cristina |date=Feb 2002 |title=Architectural trends: A delicate balancing act |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=22<!--16-23--> |id={{ProQuest|200357445}}|magazine=National Real Estate Investor}}</ref> [[WarnerMedia|AOL Time Warner]], [[Apollo Global Management]], [[Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group]], Palladium Company, and [[the Related Companies]] were the developers.<ref name="n84705593">{{Cite news |last=Wax |first=Alan J. |date=August 5, 2002 |title=Mini-City Under One Roof |pages=106 |work=Newsday |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84705593/mini-city-under-one-roofalan-j-wax/ |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904175530/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84705593/mini-city-under-one-roofalan-j-wax/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stephen M. Ross]], CEO of the Related Companies, said that SOM had been selected since they "create great architecture but also speak the language of business".<ref name="Kubany p. 204">{{harvnb|Kubany|2000|ps=.|p=204}}</ref> [[Bovis Lend Lease]] was the construction manager for much of the interior, including mechanical systems.<ref name="nyt20020303" /><ref name="LJ p. 92">{{harvnb|Linn|Joch|2003|ps=.|p=92}}</ref> Another 80 to 100 subcontractors were also hired for different parts of construction.<ref name="nyt20020303">{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=March 3, 2002 |title=Columbus Circle's Towers Start to Tower |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/03/realestate/columbus-circle-s-towers-start-to-tower.html |access-date=September 4, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904154207/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/03/realestate/columbus-circle-s-towers-start-to-tower.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Deutsche Bank Center includes towers to the north and south, joined at the base.<ref name="Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat">{{cite web |title=Time Warner Center Complex – The Skyscraper Center |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/complex/174 |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat |archive-date=June 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612200819/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/complex/174 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Emporis">{{Cite web |title=Time Warner Center |url=https://www.emporis.com/complex/100025/time-warner-center-new-york-city-ny-usa |access-date=January 1, 2021 |publisher=Emporis |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903162825/https://www.emporis.com/complex/100025/time-warner-center-new-york-city-ny-usa |url-status=usurped }}</ref> The building is split into eight different ownership units: the basement parking garage, [[the Shops at Columbus Circle]] mall, [[Jazz at Lincoln Center]]'s facilities, the original [[AOL Time Warner]] office space, the six other office stories, the condominium units in the north and south towers, and the [[Mandarin Oriental, New York|Mandarin Oriental New York]] hotel.<ref name="nyt20010520" /> The building has about {{convert|2.8|e6ft2}} of interior space in total.<ref name="Emporis" /><ref name="AR 2004-03">{{cite magazine |date=Mar 2004 |title=News Briefs |url=https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-2004-03.pdf |magazine=Architectural Record |volume=192 |pages= |access-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-date=July 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717043232/https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-2004-03.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> About {{Convert|668700|ft2}} of mechanical and underground space is not counted under [[zoning]] law.<ref name="nyt200006282" /> This gives a [[gross floor area]] of {{Convert|2,101,990|ft2}},<ref name="ZoLa" /> which is close to the maximum area allowed under a [[floor area ratio]] of 15.<ref name="nyt19980906">{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=September 6, 1998 |title=At Columbus Circle, A Circuitous Path To Columbus Centre |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/06/realestate/at-columbus-circle-a-circuitous-path-to-columbus-centre.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904002130/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/06/realestate/at-columbus-circle-a-circuitous-path-to-columbus-centre.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Deutsche Bank Center uses a total of {{Convert|20|acre|m2}} of glass, as well as {{Convert|26000|ST|LT t}} of steel and {{Convert|215000|ST|LT t}} of concrete.<ref name="nyt20010520" /><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 763">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|p=763}}</ref>

=== Form and facade ===
The base of Deutsche Bank Center measures {{Convert|480|ft}} wide, as measured from north to south, by {{Convert|434|ft}} deep.<ref name="n84705593" /> The building is designed to face Central Park, with a general trapezoidal shape.<ref name="AR 2004-03" /> Two towers with a parallelogram-shaped [[massing]] rise from the base.<ref name="nyt200006282" /> The towers are aligned with Broadway, which runs diagonally relative to the [[Manhattan street grid]], while the base is aligned with the street grid.<ref name="nyt200006282" /><ref name="Emporis" /><ref name="Bussel p. 160">{{harvnb|Bussel|2000|p=160|ps=.}}</ref> The space between the towers is on axis with 59th Street and Central Park South.<ref name="nyt20010520" /><ref name="Bussel p. 163">{{harvnb|Bussel|2000|p=163|ps=.}}</ref> The western and eastern facades of both towers are aligned 30 degrees counterclockwise from the axis of Eighth Avenue and Central Park West.<ref name="nyt20010520">{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=May 20, 2001 |title=A New Colossus Begins to Rise |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/20/realestate/a-new-colossus-begins-to-rise.html |access-date=September 4, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113075841/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/20/realestate/a-new-colossus-begins-to-rise.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Both towers are 55 stories tall with a roof height of {{Convert|749|ft}}.{{efn|For the north tower, see:<ref name="Emporis North">{{Cite web |title=Time Warner Center North Tower |url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/100370/time-warner-center-north-tower-new-york-city-ny-usa |access-date=January 1, 2021 |publisher=Emporis |archive-date=April 29, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429030548/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=timewarnercenternorthtower-newyorkcity-ny-usa |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref name="Skyscrapercenter North Tower">{{cite web |date=July 17, 2014 |title=CTBUH Tall Building Database; Time Warner Center North Tower |url=http://legacy.skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/time-warner-center-north-tower/1124/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207094839/http://legacy.skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/time-warner-center-north-tower/1124/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 7, 2021 |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=Skyscraper Center }}</ref> For the south tower, see:<ref name="Emporis South">{{Cite web |title=Time Warner Center South Tower |url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/100371/time-warner-center-south-tower-new-york-city-ny-usa |access-date=January 1, 2021 |publisher=Emporis |archive-date=April 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070430034729/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=timewarnercentersouthtower-newyorkcity-ny-usa |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref name="Skyscrapercenter South Tower">{{cite web |date=July 17, 2014 |title=CTBUH Tall Building Database; Time Warner Center South Tower |url=http://legacy.skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/time-warner-center-south-tower/1125/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207090317/http://legacy.skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/time-warner-center-south-tower/1125/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 7, 2021 |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=Skyscraper Center }}</ref>}} The pinnacle of each tower consists of a lantern<ref name="Skidmore 2009 p.">{{cite book |last=Skidmore, Owings & Merrill |title=Architecture of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, 1997-2008 |date=2009 |publisher=Monacelli Press |isbn=978-1-58093-224-0 |publication-place=New York |page=110 |oclc=299708729}}</ref> measuring {{Convert|60|ft}} tall.<ref name="WSPglobal">{{cite news |title=Time Warner Center |url=https://www.wsp.com/en-US/projects/time-warner-center |access-date=September 6, 2021 |newspaper=Wspglobal |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906034739/https://www.wsp.com/en-US/projects/time-warner-center |url-status=live }}</ref>

The base of Deutsche Bank Center contains a limestone facade with large window openings, which taper off into glass bands.<ref name="Bussel p. 160" /> The facade of the upper stories is clad with glass.<ref name="Bussel p. 160" /><ref name="nyt20000628" /> There are small, projecting glass fins every {{Convert|5|to|10|ft}}, which, from an angle, give the facade the appearance of a myriad of small shards.<ref name="nyt20000628" /> The glass panes were initially specified to be {{Convert|6|mm|in|sp=us}} thick, but the architects changed the specification during construction to {{Convert|8|mm|in|sp=us}} to stiffen the panes.<ref name="nyt20010520" /> The architects had originally intended for the glass to be light gray, but a darker shade was later specified.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 766">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|p=766}}</ref> Atop the towers are glass parapets that absorb natural lights.<ref name="Bussel p. 160" />

A multistory cable structure, facing 59th Street across Columbus Circle, serves as the entrance to an atrium between the building's twin towers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Time Warner Center |url=http://www.enclos.com/project/time_warner_center/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516130353/http://www.enclos.com/project/time_warner_center/ |archive-date=May 16, 2013 |access-date=August 3, 2017 |publisher=[[Enclos]]}}</ref><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 764">{{harvnb|ps=.|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|p=764}}</ref> The structure consists of a grid of stainless-steel cables {{Convert|7.5|ft}} apart vertically and {{Convert|4.5|ft}} apart horizontally. Laminated-glass panels measuring {{Convert|0.75|in}} thick are placed within the cables.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 764" /> Measuring {{convert|86|ft}} across and {{convert|149|ft}} high, the cable structure was the largest in North America at the time of its completion. It was designed by [[James Carpenter (architect)|James Carpenter]] Design Associates. According to Carpenter, the cable grid was intended "to be as delicate, transparent and diaphanous as possible" to allow simultaneous views into and out of the atrium.<ref name="nyt20020303" /><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 764" /> Abby Bussel, author of a book about SOM, wrote that the main entrance was intended to "project a civic face to the community" at night.<ref name="Bussel p. 165">{{harvnb|Bussel|2000|p=165|ps=.}}</ref>

The southeast corner of the building, at Eighth Avenue and 58th Street, contains a triangular wedge-shaped glass structure measuring about {{Convert|150|ft}} tall.<ref name="g132239794" /><ref name="nyt20041129" /> For the first months of the complex's existence, the glass structure was empty.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=June 24, 2004 |title=BLOCKS; Amid All the Signs, Confusing a Circle for a Square |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/24/nyregion/blocks-amid-all-the-signs-confusing-a-circle-for-a-square.html |access-date=September 8, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908042240/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/24/nyregion/blocks-amid-all-the-signs-confusing-a-circle-for-a-square.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As part of an agreement with the New York City government, the structure could not include advertising. ''Prow Sculpture'', an art installation by David Rome, was then installed in the structure by 2004.<ref name="g132239794">{{cite magazine |last=Bernstein |first=Fred A. |date=Apr 2005 |title=Turning point |url=http://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A132239794/AONE?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=d6f73076 |magazine=Interior Design |volume=76 |page=121+ |number=4 |access-date=January 9, 2022 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172534/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE%7CA132239794&v=2.1&it=r&sid=bookmark-AONE&asid=d6f73076 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nyt20041129">{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=November 29, 2004 |title=Hanging at Columbus Circle, a Thing of Light and Colors |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/29/nyregion/hanging-at-columbus-circle-a-thing-of-light-and-colors.html |access-date=September 7, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172533/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/29/nyregion/hanging-at-columbus-circle-a-thing-of-light-and-colors.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This consists of 12 sets of 36 translucent panels, each supported by {{Convert|121|ft|4=-tall|adj=mid}} vertical trusses. The panels each contain [[light-emitting diode]]s that change color once every few minutes.<ref name="nyt20041129" /> The panels also change color to display the time at 15-minute intervals.<ref name="g132239794" /><ref name="nyt20041129" /> The lights can be illuminated in different colors to mark special occasions. The artwork requires 200 [[Ton of refrigeration|tons]] of air conditioning (equivalent to {{Convert|2400000|BTU/h|disp=sqbr}}), as well as frequent cleaning.<ref name="g132239794" />

=== Lower stories ===
The base of the building contains a steel [[superstructure]] with the Shops at Columbus Circle, Jazz at Lincoln Center, broadcast studios, and originally AOL Time Warner's headquarters. The towers' concrete superstructures rest above the base.<ref name="nyt20020303" /><ref name="Skidmore 2009 p." /> Structurally, the building's base also includes the steel-framed lower sections of both towers. The steel frame extends {{Convert|315|ft}} high below the north tower and {{Convert|349|ft}} high below the south tower.<ref name="n84705593" /> The steel superstructure allowed the architects to use several column arrangements to accommodate the differing needs of each tenant,<ref name="nyt20020303" /> and it allowed the architects to create large, column-free spaces for hotel ballrooms, broadcast studios, and offices.<ref name="Skidmore 2009 p." /> Twenty-four entrances were originally provided at the base. To avoid interfering with the entrances and other open spaces, the building uses diagonal steel columns; concrete columns with stepped notches; and columns hanging from trusses.<ref name="nyt20020303" />

The property's [[Foundation (engineering)|foundation]] is surrounded by a concrete [[cofferdam]] measuring {{Convert|33|ft}} deep and {{Convert|630|ft}} across. The building plans were technically an "alteration" to the New York Coliseum, since the building incorporates the Coliseum's underground parking garage.<ref name="nyt20010520" /> The parking garage, originally leased to the [[Central Parking Corporation]], has 504 spots.<ref name="nyt20010520" /><ref name="n84698460">{{Cite news |date=June 5, 2001 |title=Central Parking to run AOL Time Warner parking lot |pages=36 |work=The Tennessean |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84698460/central-parking-to-run-aol-time-warner |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904154207/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84698460/central-parking-to-run-aol-time-warner/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="LJ p. 94">{{harvnb|Linn|Joch|2003|ps=.|p=94}}</ref> The garage spans three stories and has sensors to monitor how many vehicles are parked in the garage.<ref name="n84698460" /> The garage also has a valet parking service.<ref name="n84772400">{{Cite news |last=Reinholz |first=Mary |date=October 3, 2003 |title=Center of Controversy |pages=139, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84772400/center-of-controversy/ 140] |work=Newsday |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84772327/center-of-controversymary-reinholz/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905193858/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84772327/center-of-controversymary-reinholz/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At ground level, the lobby for the south tower's residences is on 58th Street while the north tower's hotel and condominium lobby is on 59th Street. In addition, there are office lobbies on both 58th and 59th Streets; that on 58th Street originally served the Time Warner lobby.<ref name="Bussel p. 162">{{harvnb|Bussel|2000|p=162|ps=.}}</ref>

==== Mall ====
{{Main|The Shops at Columbus Circle}}
[[File:Time Warner Center Lobby.jpg|thumb|The lobby and shops in 2010, when the complex was known as Time Warner Center]]
Deutsche Bank Center has a four-story retail mall, the Shops at Columbus Circle, which opened in 2004 along with the rest of the complex.<ref name="Emporis"/><ref name="n84677036">{{Cite news |last=Whitehouse |first=Beth |date=February 19, 2004 |title=Inside the Time Warner Center; The retail complex at the new Time Warner Center lures shoppers with luxe stores in a spectacular setting |pages=74, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84677107/time-warner-center/ 75], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84677135/time-warner-center/ 76] |work=Newsday |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84677036/power-purchasing/ |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904011521/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84677036/power-purchasing/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Designed by [[Elkus Manfredi Architects]],<ref name="nyt200006282" /><ref name="Stern (2006) pp. 762-763" /><ref name="p200357445" /> it was known during planning as the Palladium.<ref name="n84705593" /><ref name="p214886933">{{cite magazine |last=Johnson |first=Dora |date=Nov 2001 |title=A media giant's giant HQ |volume=30 |issue=12 |page=N8 |id={{ProQuest|214886933}}|magazine=Shopping Center World}}</ref> The mall's ground-floor tenants include designer shops and restaurants.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kusisto |first=Laura |title=It's Free to Look: 25 Columbus Circle |work=[[The New York Observer]] |url=http://observer.com/2010/05/its-free-to-look-25-columbus-circle/ |access-date=August 3, 2017 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172534/https://observer.com/2010/05/its-free-to-look-25-columbus-circle/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Among the first retail tenants in the mall were a [[Whole Foods Market]], as well as an [[Equinox Group|Equinox]] gym, both in the basement.<ref name="n84677036" /> The third and fourth stories contain the Restaurant Collection, with two [[List of Michelin 3-star restaurants in the United States|Michelin 3-star restaurants]] {{as of|2023|lc=y}} ([[Masa (restaurant)|Masa]] and [[Per Se (restaurant)|Per Se]]),<ref name="Eater NY 2019 c477">{{cite web | title=NYC's 2023 Michelin-Starred Restaurants, Mapped | website=Eater NY | date=October 21, 2019 | url=https://ny.eater.com/maps/michelin-starred-restaurants-nyc-2023 | access-date=March 4, 2024}}</ref> as well as other eateries such as [[Porter House New York]]<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 764" /> and [[Bad Roman]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fabricant|first=Florence|date=February 14, 2023|title=Bad Roman, Offering Modern Italian, Opens in Columbus Circle|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/14/dining/nyc-restaurant-news.html|access-date=December 31, 2023|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The mall is designed to follow the curve of Columbus Circle,<ref name="Bussel p. 163" /><ref name="Skidmore 2009 p." /><ref name="n84669497">{{Cite news |date=November 15, 2000 |title=Expectations Soaring With Start of High Rise |pages=65 |work=Newsday |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84669497/expectations-soaring-with-start-of-high/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904002131/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84669497/expectations-soaring-with-start-of-high/ |url-status=live }}</ref> measuring {{Convert|450|ft}} long.<ref name="nyt20020303" />  It contains an atrium {{Convert|150|ft}} high, leading west from Columbus Circle.<ref name="nyt20030612" /> This atrium, known as the "Great Room", is about {{Convert|85|ft}} wide and {{Convert|120|ft}} long with {{Convert|10000|ft2}}.<ref name="Sheftell 2008">{{cite web |last=Sheftell |first=Jason |date=March 28, 2008 |title=Time Warner Center is New York's retail, office and residential mecca |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/time-warner-center-new-york-retail-office-residential-mecca-article-1.290844 |access-date=September 8, 2021 |website=New York Daily News |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172534/https://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/time-warner-center-new-york-retail-office-residential-mecca-article-1.290844 |url-status=live }}</ref> A passageway, extending north and south from the atrium,<ref name="Bussel p. 162" /><ref name="nyt20030612" /> covers {{Convert|11000|ft2}}.<ref name="nyt20030612">{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=June 12, 2003 |title=Blocks; Reclusive Developer Conjures Accessible Space |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/12/nyregion/blocks-reclusive-developer-conjures-accessible-space.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905191638/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/12/nyregion/blocks-reclusive-developer-conjures-accessible-space.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Jazz at Lincoln Center ====
{{Main|Jazz at Lincoln Center}}
Within the base of Deutsche Bank Center is Frederick P. Rose Hall, a {{Convert|100000|ft2|adj=on}} complex for Jazz at Lincoln Center, designed by [[Rafael Viñoly]].<ref name="Stern (2006) pp. 762-763" /><ref name="p200357445" /> It was proposed with two auditoriums, two rehearsal studios, a cafe, and a classroom.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pareles |first=Jon |date=May 23, 2000 |title=Jazz Suite With a Park View; Lincoln Center Unveils Its Columbus Circle Plan |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/23/arts/jazz-suite-with-a-park-view-lincoln-center-unveils-its-columbus-circle-plan.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903214641/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/23/arts/jazz-suite-with-a-park-view-lincoln-center-unveils-its-columbus-circle-plan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It consists of three venues. The Rose Theater, on the fifth floor, is the primary venue for Jazz at Lincoln Center,<ref name="nyt20041019">{{Cite news |last=Ratliff |first=Ben |date=October 19, 2004 |title=Soaking Up the Spaces at a New Jazz Center |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/19/arts/music/soaking-up-the-spaces-at-a-new-jazz-center.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904002130/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/19/arts/music/soaking-up-the-spaces-at-a-new-jazz-center.html |url-status=live }}</ref> with 1,100 to 1,300 seats.<ref name="Stern (2006) pp. 765-766">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|pp=765–766}}</ref> The Appel Room, originally the Allen Room,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Blatter |first=Lucy Cohen |date=February 26, 2014 |title=A Room by Any Other Name |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303880604579405263330001116.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172543/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303880604579405263330001116 |url-status=live }}<br />{{Cite web |last=Ratliff |first=Ben |date=February 24, 2014 |title=Jazz at Lincoln Center Season to Include Tributes to Billie Holiday and Wayne Shorter |url=https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/02/24/billie-holiday-and-wayne-shorter-tributes-set-for-jazz-at-lincoln-center-season/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=ArtsBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904003633/https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/02/24/billie-holiday-and-wayne-shorter-tributes-set-for-jazz-at-lincoln-center-season/ |url-status=live }}</ref> is above the atrium with a large glass wall facing Columbus Circle,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Appel Room |url=https://www.jazz.org/venues/the-appel-room-64/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=Jazz at Lincoln Center |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903214641/https://www.jazz.org/venues/the-appel-room-64/ }}</ref> with space for up to 600 seats.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 766" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=January 14, 2003 |title=Corporate Donation Buoys Home For Jazz |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/14/arts/corporate-donation-buoys-home-for-jazz.html |access-date=September 4, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904175530/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/14/arts/corporate-donation-buoys-home-for-jazz.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dizzy's Club is named after trumpeter [[Dizzy Gillespie]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dizzy's Club |url=https://www.jazz.org/dizzys/month/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=Jazz at Lincoln Center |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903214641/https://www.jazz.org/dizzys/month/ }}</ref> and contains 140 seats.<ref name="nyt20041019" /><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 766" /> Jazz at Lincoln Center's space at Rose Hall also includes the Ertegun Atrium, facing Central Park,<ref name="Architectural Record 2015">{{cite web |last=Fixsen |first=Anna |date=December 23, 2015 |title=Jazz at Lincoln Center's New Mica and Ahmet Ertegun Atrium |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/11417-jazz-at-lincoln-centers-new-mica-and-ahmet-ertegun-atrium |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=Architectural Record |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904002140/https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/11417-jazz-at-lincoln-centers-new-mica-and-ahmet-ertegun-atrium |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cooper |first=Michael |date=December 13, 2015 |title=At Jazz at Lincoln Center, a Lobby and Venue in Sync |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/14/arts/music/at-jazz-at-lincoln-center-a-lobby-and-venue-in-sync.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904002151/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/14/arts/music/at-jazz-at-lincoln-center-a-lobby-and-venue-in-sync.html |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as the [[Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chinen |first=Nate |date=February 4, 2015 |title=Jazz at Lincoln Center to Redesign Rose Hall Atrium |url=https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/02/04/jazz-at-lincoln-center-to-redesign-rose-hall-atrium/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=ArtsBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904002130/https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/02/04/jazz-at-lincoln-center-to-redesign-rose-hall-atrium/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Jazz at Lincoln Center by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|left|Rose Theater]]
Rose Theater is acoustically separated from the rest of Deutsche Bank Center.<ref name="nyt20040512">{{Cite news |last=Pareles |first=Jon |date=May 12, 2004 |title=For the Coolest Vibes: Accentuate Acoustics, Eliminate City Noise |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/12/arts/for-the-coolest-vibes-accentuate-acoustics-eliminate-city-noise.html |access-date=September 6, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906043509/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/12/arts/for-the-coolest-vibes-accentuate-acoustics-eliminate-city-noise.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The auditorium, weighing {{Convert|1200|ST|LT t}}, is supported by 26 insulating gaskets on concrete footings. The gaskets consist of steel plates measuring {{Convert|9.5|in|adj=}} thick, between which are [[neoprene]] synthetic-rubber pads. There are also neoprene pads, measuring {{Convert|2|to|3|in}} thick, on the wall of the auditorium. Steven H. Sommer of Bovid Lend Lease, the hall's construction manager, compared the layout to "a small cardboard box in a larger cardboard box packed with Styrofoam peanuts".<ref name="nyt20020303" />

In 2005, Jazz at Lincoln Center announced a partnership with [[XM Satellite Radio]], which gave XM studio space at Rose Hall to broadcast both daily jazz programming and special events.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=November 10, 2005 |title=Santana – XM & Jazz at Lincoln Center |url=https://news.allaboutjazz.com/santana-xm-and-jazz-at-lincoln-center.php |magazine=[[All About Jazz]] |access-date=August 3, 2017 |archive-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804015758/https://news.allaboutjazz.com/santana-xm-and-jazz-at-lincoln-center.php |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Anderson Cooper]]'s daytime talk show, ''[[Anderson (TV series)|Anderson]],'' recorded in Jazz at Lincoln Center's Allen Room from 2011 to 2012.<ref name="TV Newser Anderson moving">{{cite news |last=Weprin |first=Alex |date=February 29, 2012 |title='Anderson' Moving to Less Convenient Studio In Season Two |newspaper=TV Newser |url=http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/anderson-moving-to-less-convenient-studio-in-season-two_b114242 |access-date=June 27, 2012 |archive-date=May 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526063224/http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/anderson-moving-to-less-convenient-studio-in-season-two_b114242 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Studios ====
The eighth floor of the north tower has studios originally designed for [[Time Warner]]'s subsidiary [[CNN]].<ref name="n84669497" /> The studios were designed by [[Kostow Greenwood Architects]],<ref name="p2191398662">{{cite magazine |last=Kerschbaumer |first=Ken |date=June 17, 2002 |title=CNN selects architect for New York studio |volume=132 |issue=25 |page=42 |id={{ProQuest|219139866}}|magazine=Broadcasting & Cable}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=September 29, 2002 |title=Studios: Many Plans, a Few Completions |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/29/realestate/studios-many-plans-a-few-completions.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=July 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716140758/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/29/realestate/studios-many-plans-a-few-completions.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="g116852820" /> with scenic design by [[Production Design Group]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 13, 2002 |title=Corrections |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/13/realestate/c-corrections-363197.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905162514/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/13/realestate/c-corrections-363197.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The CNN studios covered {{Convert|240,000|ft2}}<ref name="p2191398662" /> or {{Convert|250,000|ft2}} on five full stories and portions of two others.<ref name="g116852820">{{cite magazine |last=Kerschbaumer |first=Ken |date=May 17, 2004 |title=New CNN digs: Time Warner Center consolidates NYC ops, improves on-air look |url=http://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A116852820/AONE?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=a65832f6 |magazine=Broadcasting & Cable |volume=134 |page=20 |number=20 |access-date=January 9, 2022 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172536/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE%7CA116852820&v=2.1&it=r&sid=bookmark-AONE&asid=a65832f6 |url-status=live }}</ref> The spaces covered floors four through nine.<ref name="g118376640" /> The complex consisted of three large "[[Black box theater|black box]]" studios, three smaller studios, two [[newsroom]]s, and four control rooms.<ref name="nyt20040211">{{Cite news |last=Holusha |first=John |date=February 11, 2004 |title=Commercial Real Estate: Regional Markets – Manhattan; For CNN, a View of the Park And an Eye to the World |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/11/business/commercial-real-estate-regional-markets-manhattan-for-cnn-view-park-eye-world.html |access-date=September 6, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906003710/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/11/business/commercial-real-estate-regional-markets-manhattan-for-cnn-view-park-eye-world.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The black-box studios overlooked the park, as did one of the newsrooms, designed for financial news subsidiary [[CNNfn]].<ref name="nyt20040211" />

The wide studio spaces required the columns to be spaced {{Convert|60|ft}} apart.<ref name="nyt20020303" /> To accommodate large overhead lights, SOM omitted alternating floor slabs so CNN's studios contained a floor-to-ceiling height of {{Convert|27|ft}}. The studio floors were flattened to prevent camera equipment from vibrating, and thick insulating pads were placed under the floors. In addition, double walls were placed in each studio: an inner wall connecting to the studio floor and an outer wall connected to the rest of the building. Observation windows were placed near the top of the studio walls. The studios had their own power and backup control systems. A dedicated freight elevator was also installed so large props and pieces of sets could be carried into and out of the studios.<ref name="nyt20040211" />

The CNNfn newsroom was designed so cameras could pan over the width of the room.<ref name="g118376640" /><ref name="nyt20040211" /> Materials such as vinyl partitions and striped carpet tiles were selected according to how they looked on digital cameras. A feature of the CNNfn newsroom was double-tiered wooden oval desks, often shown in wide shots of the newsroom; the desks themselves were arranged in a curve.<ref name="g118376640" /> Kostow Greenwood redesigned the offices for CNNfn, later [[CNNMoney]], in 2013. Among the changes were the addition of {{Convert|10|ft|4=-tall|adj=mid}} office modules along the walls of some of the 27-foot-tall spaces.<ref name="g333331869">{{cite magazine |last=Kellogg |first=Craig |date=May 2013 |title=On the money: Michael Kostow and Jane Greenwood return to CNN, New York |url=http://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A333331869/AONE?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=ce04cd17 |magazine=Interior Design |volume=84 |page=794+ |number=7 |access-date=January 9, 2022 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172542/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE%7CA333331869&v=2.1&it=r&sid=bookmark-AONE&asid=ce04cd17 |url-status=live }}</ref> CNN's studios in Time Warner Center operated until the network relocated to [[30 Hudson Yards]] in 2019.<ref name="The Hollywood Reporter">{{cite web |last=Landman |first=Beth |date=October 17, 2019 |title=Inside the Modern Design of WarnerMedia's New NYC Headquarters With Jeff Zucker |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/inside-modern-design-warnermedias-new-nyc-headquarters-jeff-zucker-1247522/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 7, 2021 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905163812/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/inside-modern-design-warnermedias-new-nyc-headquarters-jeff-zucker-1247522/ }}</ref>

==== Offices ====
At the building's completion, it had a total office area of approximately {{Convert|1.1|e6ft2}}.<ref name="nyt20010520" /><ref name="p214886933" /> About {{Convert|865000|ft2}} was used as the headquarters for Time Warner.<ref name="g118376640" /><ref name="p219180039"/>{{Efn|The Time Warner offices are also cited as covering {{Convert|860000|ft2}}<ref name="n84705593" /> and {{Convert|864000|ft2}}.<ref name="n84761104"/>}} Time Warner's offices were designed by [[HLW International]],<ref name="nyt200006282" /><ref name="Stern (2006) pp. 762-763" /><ref name="p200357445" /> though [[Perkins and Will]] oversaw the final fit-out of the office spaces.<ref name="nyt20020303" /><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 763" /><ref name="g118376640">{{cite magazine |last=Renzi |first=Jen |date=May 2004 |title=Soaring ambitions: top-notch design firms rise to the challenge of Time Warner's New York headquarters |url=http://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A118376640/AONE?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=2c687b03 |magazine=Interior Design |volume=75 |page=234+ |number=6 |access-date=January 9, 2022 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172542/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE%7CA118376640&v=2.1&it=r&sid=bookmark-AONE&asid=2c687b03 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Time Warner offices originally accommodated 1,600 employees on 17 floors in the building's southern section.<ref name="g118376640" /> Time Warner's former spaces are spanned by {{Convert|45|ft|adj=on}} beams.<ref name="nyt20020303" /> Ten stories were designed as corporate offices in conjunction with [[Mancini Duffy]]; the corporate offices contained wooden millwork, as well as gray-and-gold finishes on the walls and carpets. Meeting rooms had curved walls with encaustic finishes and brightly colored accents. Floor spaces were arranged in a modular format, with three offices or four workstations to a module, and meeting areas and copying rooms were placed in uniform positions throughout each floors. According to Mancini Duffy's director of design, "mullions, frames, reveals, and the use of painted drywall, glass, and millwork" served to enhance the design of the office corridors.<ref name="g118376640" />

There were originally {{Convert|211000|ft2}} of offices not used by AOL Time Warner.<ref name="LJ p. 87" /><ref name="p219180039" />{{efn|The non-Time Warner offices are also cited as covering about {{Convert|210000|ft2}}.<ref name="n84705593" />}} The non-Time Warner offices covered six stories.<ref name="nyt20010520" /> Half of this space was initially occupied by Apollo and Related, two of the developers, after they had difficulty marketing the space; the other half was purchased by Time Warner.<ref name="p219180039">{{cite magazine |last=Haughney |first=Christine |date=October 13, 2003 |title=Space goes begging at Time Warner Ctr. |volume=19 |issue=31 |page=1 |id={{ProQuest|219180039}}|magazine=Crain's New York Business}}</ref> {{As of|2021}}, almost all of the building's office space, including both the Time Warner office space and the other space, is occupied by [[Deutsche Bank]].<ref name=":1" />

=== Upper stories ===
The apartments and hotel rooms on the upper floors have a concrete superstructure, since they did not need the large column spacing or small columns that a steel superstructure would provide.<ref name="nyt20010520" /><ref name="Skidmore 2009 p." /> The concrete superstructures weigh {{Convert|42000|ST|LT t}} each. There is a truss at the 17th floor of the north tower, {{Convert|248|ft}} above the ground, and at the 23rd floor of the south tower, {{Convert|314|ft}} above the ground. The trusses distribute the weight of the concrete above to the steel columns below; they also contain ducts, elevator rooms, and hallways between the emergency stairwells of the towers and the base.<ref name="nyt20020303" /> Each tower also has a concrete core measuring {{Convert|40|by|140|ft}} across, which extends to the layer of Manhattan schist below the building. The cores are up to {{Convert|2|ft}} thick at the base.<ref name="nyt20020303" />

==== Hotel ====
[[File:Time Warner Center and CC.jpg|thumb|View from the east side of Columbus Circle]]
{{Main|Mandarin Oriental, New York}}
The north tower contains the Mandarin Oriental New York hotel, designed by [[Brennan Beer Gorman]].<ref name="Stern (2006) pp. 762-763" /><ref name="p200357445" /> The hotel contains 248 units in total,<ref name="mandarinoriental.com 2010" />{{efn|The hotel was also cited as having 250,<ref name="Emporis North" /> 244,<ref name="Skyscrapercenter North Tower" /> or 251 units.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 764"/><ref name="nyt20020303"/><ref name="LJ p. 87"/>}} composed of 202 guestrooms and 46 suites.<ref name="mandarinoriental.com 2010">{{cite web |date=March 28, 2010 |title=Backgrounder |url=http://www.mandarinoriental.com/about_mo/media/press_kits/new_york/backgrounder.aspx |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328183200/http://www.mandarinoriental.com/about_mo/media/press_kits/new_york/backgrounder.aspx |archive-date=March 28, 2010 |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=Mandarin Oriental}}</ref> The Mandarin Oriental New York spans floors 35 through 54,<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 764" /><ref name="nyt20031207">{{Cite news |last=Trucco |first=Terry |date=December 7, 2003 |title=Travel Advisory; Zen on Central Park |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/07/travel/travel-advisory-zen-on-central-park.html |access-date=September 7, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907174416/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/07/travel/travel-advisory-zen-on-central-park.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="p223755041">{{cite magazine |last=Nayar |first=Jean |date=Mar 2004 |title=Sky-High Luxury |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=50–540 |id={{ProQuest|223755041}}|magazine=Contract}}</ref> taking up {{Convert|290000|ft2}} in Deutsche Bank Center.<ref name="p223755041" /> The hotel in general is designed in an [[Art Deco]]-inspired Asian contemporary style.<ref name="nyt20031207" /><ref name="n408965365">{{cite news |last=Sloan |first=Gene |date=December 5, 2003 |title=Nap in the lap of luxury; New York's best hotels outdo each other to pamper guests |page=D.05 |work=USA Today |id={{ProQuest|408965365}}}}</ref> The interior decorations were mostly created by [[Hirsch Bedner Associates]],<ref name="p233465205">{{cite magazine |last=Beamon |first=Kelly |date=January–February 2004 |title=View Master |volume=26 |issue=1 |page=20 |id={{ProQuest|233465205}}|magazine=Hospitality Design}}</ref><ref name="p223755041" /> except for the Asiate restaurant, which was designed by [[Tony Chi]].<ref name="nyt20031207" /><ref name="p233465205" /> {{As of|2022}}, [[Reliance Industries]] owns a majority stake in the hotel.<ref>{{cite web | title=Reliance to buy control of Mandarin Oriental New York in $98 mln deal | website=Reuters | date=January 10, 2022 | url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/reliance-buy-control-mandarin-oriental-new-york-98-mln-deal-2022-01-08/ | access-date=June 21, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=January 8, 2022|title=Mandarin Oriental Hotel at Columbus Circle Majority Stake Sells for $98M|url=https://therealdeal.com/2022/01/08/mandarin-oriental-hotel-at-columbus-circle-sells-for-just-under-100m/|access-date=June 21, 2022|website=The Real Deal New York|language=en-US}}</ref>

The only entrance to the hotel is from 60th Street, where there are elevators to the hotel lobby.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 764" /><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Selwitz |first=Robert |date=January 19, 2004 |title=New York City Hotels Boast Increased Guest Security |volume=21 |issue=1 |page=31 |id={{ProQuest|205371006}}|magazine=Business Travel News}}</ref> The ground-floor vestibule, designed as an ellipse,<ref name="p223755041" /><ref name="p233465205" /> contains a glass chandelier by [[Dale Chihuly]]. Floor 35 contains the hotel lobby, the Asiate restaurant, and the MObar lounge.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 764" /><ref name="nyt20031207" /> Also in the hotel is a two-story, {{Convert|14500|ft2|adj=on}} spa.<ref name="p233465205" /> There is also a fitness center with a {{Convert|75|ft|m|-long|adj=mid}} lap pool overlooking Central Park,<ref name="nyt20031207" /> as well as banquet rooms and ballrooms.<ref name="n84772400" /> Each of the guest rooms has a different set of decorations with Asian artwork and complex color schemes, as well as full-height windows.<ref name="nyt20031207" /><ref name="p223755041" /> The layouts of the different hotel suites also vary.<ref name="nyt20031207" />

==== Residences ====
Both towers contain residences, though they begin 24 stories above ground in the south tower and 37 stories above ground in the north tower.<ref name="nyt20030821" /> The north-tower residences are marketed as the Residences at Mandarin Oriental, while the south-tower residences are marketed as One Central Park, despite the fact that there is no street named Central Park.<ref name="nyt20030727" />{{Efn|One Central Park West is the address of the Trump International Hotel and Tower to the north.<ref>{{cite news |first=Caroline |last=Overington| author-link=Caroline Overington |url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/11/28/1069825988067.html |title=Gotham agog as plutocrats stage battle of the towers |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=November 29, 2003| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094312/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/11/28/1069825988067.html| archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>}} There are 66 residences in the north tower,<ref name="Sheftell 2008" /><ref name="Schulz 2014">{{cite web |last=Schulz |first=Dana |date=July 21, 2014 |title=Do Not Disturb! Peeking Into the NYC Condo Hotel Market |url=https://www.6sqft.com/do-not-disturb-peeking-into-the-nyc-condo-hotel-market/ |access-date=September 8, 2021 |website=6sqft |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125053140/https://www.6sqft.com/do-not-disturb-peeking-into-the-nyc-condo-hotel-market/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{efn|[[Emporis]] cited the north tower as having 65 residences,<ref name="Emporis North" /> and [[The Skyscraper Center]] cited the north tower as having 66 residences.<ref name="Skyscrapercenter North Tower" />}}{{Efn|The number of residences varies slightly between sources because some residences were combined after the building was completed.|name=residence-count}} occupying sixteen stories.<ref name="n84669497" /> The residents of the north tower are given access to the Mandarin Oriental New York's amenities, being treated as if they were permanent guests of the hotel. These include spa and health club access as well as room service.<ref name="p216502214">{{cite magazine |date=Sep 2002 |title=Condo presales total $300 million |volume=21 |issue=8 |page=12 |id={{ProQuest|216502214}}|magazine=Real Estate New York}}</ref> The south tower has 133 or 134 residences,<ref name="Sheftell 2008" /><ref name="Schulz 2014" />{{Efn|The number of residences varies slightly between sources because some residences were combined after the building was completed.|name=residence-count}} occupying twenty-nine stories.<ref name="n84669497" /> The condominiums have multiple entrances, including through the hotel, garage, and mall.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last1=Story |first1=Louise |last2=Saul |first2=Stephanie |date=February 7, 2015 |title=Stream of Foreign Wealth Flows to Elite New York Real Estate |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/nyregion/stream-of-foreign-wealth-flows-to-time-warner-condos.html |access-date=September 7, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904041734/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/nyregion/stream-of-foreign-wealth-flows-to-time-warner-condos.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Ismael Leyva Architects]] designed the One Central Park residences,<ref name="p200357445" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Radomsky |first=Rosalie R. |date=January 27, 2002 |title=Postings: At First Avenue and 89th Street; A 31-Story Rental Building |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/27/realestate/postings-at-first-avenue-and-89th-street-a-31-story-rental-building.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905161628/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/27/realestate/postings-at-first-avenue-and-89th-street-a-31-story-rental-building.html |url-status=live }}</ref> with furnishings by [[Thad Hayes]].<ref name="p200357445" /><ref name="p398802417">{{cite news |last=Reed |first=Danielle |date=January 4, 2002 |title=Private Properties |page=W8 |work=Wall Street Journal |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398802417}}}}</ref> Leyva's furnishings include granite floors and counters, as well as marble tiles and appliances.<ref name="p236947493">{{cite magazine |last=Siakavellas |first=Maria |date=Jun 2003 |title=Rooms with a view |volume=38 |issue=6 |page=1 |id={{ProQuest|236947493}}|magazine=Multi-Housing News}}</ref> The residential condominiums all have ceilings measuring {{Convert|10|to|12|ft}} high, with full-height windows providing views of the [[Hudson River]] to the west.<ref name="p216502214" /> Four different floor plans are used in the towers, and the spaces are spanned by {{Convert|20|ft|adj=on}} beams.<ref name="nyt20020303" />

The top stories of each tower are marketed as floor 80,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gardner |first=Ralph Jr. |date=May 8, 2003 |title=For Tower Residents, a New Math |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/08/garden/for-tower-residents-a-new-math.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021061214/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/08/garden/for-tower-residents-a-new-math.html |url-status=live }}</ref> though this story is actually the 53rd-story penthouse.<ref name=":2" /> The tops of each tower are designed with five full-story penthouse condominiums, measuring {{Convert|8400|ft2}} and spanning a full floor.<ref name="Schmertz 2002">{{cite web |last=Schmertz |first=Mildred F. |date=October 1, 2002 |title=One Central Park Tower |url=https://archive.architecturaldigest.com/article/2002/10/one-central-park-tower |access-date=September 4, 2021 |website=Architectural Digest |pages=152–156 |volume=59 |issue=10 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904011523/https://archive.architecturaldigest.com/article/2002/10/one-central-park-tower |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lasky |first=Julie |date=April 11, 2002 |title=Currents: Real Estate; Prices Are Sky-high, but Then Again, So Are the Penthouses |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/11/garden/currents-real-estate-prices-are-sky-high-but-then-again-so-are-the-penthouses.html |access-date=September 4, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904011522/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/11/garden/currents-real-estate-prices-are-sky-high-but-then-again-so-are-the-penthouses.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Unlike the other residences, the penthouses were originally offered as unfurnished spaces.<ref name="p398802417" /> Related Companies CEO Stephen Ross had occupied one of the full-story penthouses in the south tower<ref>{{Cite news |last=Clarke |first=Katherine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=Stephen Ross Lists Central Park Pad for $75 Million |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/stephen-ross-lists-central-park-pad-for-75-million-11563288394 |access-date=September 4, 2021 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904175530/https://www.wsj.com/articles/stephen-ross-lists-central-park-pad-for-75-million-11563288394 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Plitt 2019">{{cite web |last=Plitt |first=Amy |date=July 16, 2019 |title=Billionaire developer Stephen Ross lists Time Warner Center penthouse for $75M |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/7/16/20696497/related-stephen-ross-time-warner-center-penthouse-for-sale |access-date=September 4, 2021 |website=Curbed NY |archive-date=May 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505230335/https://ny.curbed.com/2019/7/16/20696497/related-stephen-ross-time-warner-center-penthouse-for-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> until he sold it in 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Marino|first=Vivian|date=February 3, 2023|title=Big Discounts on Top Listings Push a Trend Into the New Year|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/03/realestate/luxury/top-nyc-sales.html|access-date=July 8, 2023|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

=== Mechanical features ===
Deutsche Bank Center includes a system of four emergency diesel generators for the residential tenants, each capable of {{Convert|2|MW}}.<ref name="Emporis" /><ref name="Zwicker">{{cite web |date=January 29, 2015 |title=Zwicker Powering New York |url=https://www.zwicker-electric.com/corporate-overview/files/assets/common/downloads/Zwicker%20Corporate%20Brochure.pdf |access-date=January 1, 2021 |publisher=Zwicker Electric |page=13 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903184722/https://www.zwicker-electric.com/corporate-overview/files/assets/common/downloads/Zwicker%20Corporate%20Brochure.pdf |url-status=usurped }}</ref> The base is powered by two diesel generators, also capable of {{Convert|2|MW}}.<ref name="Zwicker" /> There is also a {{Convert|1|MW|adj=on}} uninterruptible power system that runs at all times.<ref name="Emporis" /> The backup generation system powers three elevators, as well as lighting in each hallway and apartment intercoms, in case of emergencies.<ref name="nyt20030821">{{Cite news |last=Rich |first=Motoko |date=August 21, 2003 |title=TURF; No More Cursing The Dark |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/21/garden/turf-no-more-cursing-the-dark.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903184720/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/21/garden/turf-no-more-cursing-the-dark.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Two service rooms were installed by Zwicker Electric.<ref name="Zwicker" /> The [[heating, ventilation, and air conditioning]] system was automated, increasing its efficiency by 10 to 15 percent.<ref name="p220598003">{{cite magazine |last1=Mass |first1=Marvin |last2=Maybaum |first2=Michael |last3=Haughney |first3=Robert |date=Oct 2001 |title=High-rise HVAC |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=60 |id={{ProQuest|220598003}}|magazine=Consulting-Specifying Engineer}}</ref>

As part of the construction of Time Warner Center, its developers spent $21 million on technological advances.<ref name="p2191793712">{{cite magazine |last=Jain |first=Anita |date=December 22, 2003 |title=Tech treatment pushes buttons |volume=19 |issue=51 |page=1 |id={{ProQuest|219179371}}|magazine=Crain's New York Business}}</ref> From the building's opening, the entirety of Time Warner Center was equipped with [[Wi-Fi]],<ref name="p222056600">{{cite magazine |date=Dec 2003 |title=Retail Goes Wireless |volume=79 |issue=12 |pages=156–157 |id={{ProQuest|222056600}}|magazine=Chain Store Age}}</ref><ref name="p219196402" /> which at the time was still relatively uncommon in New York City buildings.<ref name="p219196402">{{cite magazine |last=Jain |first=Anita |date=June 16, 2003 |title=Landlords catch Web surfing's newest wave |volume=18 |issue=24 |page=4 |id={{ProQuest|219196402}}|magazine=Crain's New York Business}}</ref> A direct [[Ethernet]] connection was also included in the building when it was built, and each residence had an in-house internet phone service. In addition, residents received a notebook computer that served as their "digital concierge", where they could look up the building's restaurants, stores, and entertainment areas. The security screening systems at the elevators contained fingerprint readers. While the Wi-Fi services were available to visitors for a fee, the other tech services were only offered to residents and Mandarin Oriental hotel guests.<ref name="p2191793712"/> Time Warner provided internet service for its own office space, but the residences and hotel rooms were served by [[RCN Corporation|RCN]]'s network instead, because RCN service was less expensive than Time Warner service.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Newswires |first=Nick BakerDow Jones |date=February 11, 2004 |title=For Time Warner, Small Cable Firm To Wire Building |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107646446487726501 |access-date=September 9, 2021 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=September 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909151151/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107646446487726501 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==

=== Planning ===
{{For|further information on the New York Coliseum replacement process|New York Coliseum#Closure and demolition}}
After putting the Coliseum up for sale in 1985, the MTA received numerous bids for the redevelopment of the site.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 748" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 9, 1985 |title=Leading Developers Represented at Briefing on Sale of the Coliseum |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/09/nyregion/leading-developers-represented-at-briefing-on-sale-of-the-coliseum.html |access-date=February 13, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073932/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/09/nyregion/leading-developers-represented-at-briefing-on-sale-of-the-coliseum.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mortimer Zuckerman]]'s [[Boston Properties]] won the bidding contest, with plans to erect a headquarters for [[Salomon Brothers]] on the site, to be designed by [[Moshe Safdie]].<ref name="LJ p. 89">{{harvnb|Linn|Joch|2003|ps=.|p=89}}</ref><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 752">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|p=752}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |date=July 12, 1985 |title=Site of Coliseum to Be Purchased for $455 Million |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/12/nyregion/site-of-coliseum-to-be-purchased-for-455-million.html |access-date=February 13, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214141959/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/12/nyregion/site-of-coliseum-to-be-purchased-for-455-million.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The community heavily opposed Zuckerman's initial plan, and the sale was nullified in 1987,<ref name="LJ p. 89" /><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 754">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|p=754}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=December 8, 1987 |title=Judge in New York Strikes Down Sale of Coliseum's Site |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/08/nyregion/judge-in-new-york-strikes-down-sale-of-coliseum-s-site.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831191113/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/08/nyregion/judge-in-new-york-strikes-down-sale-of-coliseum-s-site.html |url-status=live }}</ref> with Salomon Brothers withdrawing from the project.<ref name="LJ p. 89" /><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 754" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Scardino |first=Albert |date=January 4, 1988 |title=New Yorkers & Co.; Developer vs. Himself Over Coliseum Project |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/04/business/new-yorkers-co-developer-vs-himself-over-coliseum-project.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010836/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/04/business/new-yorkers-co-developer-vs-himself-over-coliseum-project.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Competing plans ====
New York City and Boston Properties first hired David Childs in 1987 to design the Coliseum replacement, to be known as Columbus Center.<ref name="LJ p. 89" /><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 756">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|p=756}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=December 16, 1987 |title=New Architect To Redesign Coliseum Plan |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/16/nyregion/new-architect-to-redesign-coliseum-plan.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903002512/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/16/nyregion/new-architect-to-redesign-coliseum-plan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Childs's initial plan, released in June 1988, called for a set of brick-and-glass towers rising as high as {{Convert|850|ft}}.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 756" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Levine |first=Richard |date=June 3, 1988 |title=A New Plan Is Presented For Coliseum |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/03/nyregion/a-new-plan-is-presented-for-coliseum.html |access-date=February 13, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073610/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/03/nyregion/a-new-plan-is-presented-for-coliseum.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Similar to what would ultimately be built, the complex would have been composed of twin towers.<ref name="PA 1988-07">{{cite magazine |last=Boles |first=Daralice D. |date=Jul 1988 |title=The New (And Improved?) Columbus Center |url=https://usmodernist.org/PA/PA-1988-07.pdf |magazine=Progressive Architecture |volume=69 |pages=25 |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010832/https://usmodernist.org/PA/PA-1988-07.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AR 1988-08">{{cite magazine |date=Aug 1988 |title=Second Time Around for Columbus Center |url=https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-1988-08.pdf |magazine=Architectural Record |volume=176 |pages=37 |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903011341/https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-1988-08.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Childs's plan faced heavy opposition from the community, leading to a redesign of the project.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 756" /> His second proposal was published in April 1988,<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 756" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chira |first=Susan |date=April 20, 1989 |title=3d and Smallest Coliseum Plan Greeted by Signs of Approval |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/20/nyregion/3d-and-smallest-coliseum-plan-greeted-by-signs-of-approval.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903002513/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/20/nyregion/3d-and-smallest-coliseum-plan-greeted-by-signs-of-approval.html |url-status=live }}</ref> with a twin-towered complex rising {{Convert|752|ft}}, as well as a pedestrian bridge connecting the two towers.<ref name="PA 1989-06">{{cite magazine |date=Jun 1989 |title=Third Columbus Center Unveiled |url=https://usmodernist.org/PA/PA-1989-06.pdf |magazine=Progressive Architecture |volume=70 |pages=22 |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010842/https://usmodernist.org/PA/PA-1989-06.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AR 1989-06">{{cite magazine |date=Jun 1989 |title=$57 million buys 500,000 square feet |url=https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-1989-06.pdf |magazine=Architectural Record |volume=177 |pages=81 |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010833/https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-1989-06.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> This plan, too, faced political opposition and lawsuits.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 757">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|p=757}}</ref><ref name="nyt19980906" /> Following the prolonged delays, Zuckerman and the MTA severed negotiations for the site in 1994.<ref name="LJ pp. 89-90">{{harvnb|Linn|Joch|2003|ps=.|pp=89–90}}</ref><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 758">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|p=758}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Shawn G. |date=July 16, 1994 |title=At Deadline, Deal to Develop Site Of New York Coliseum Collapses |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/16/nyregion/at-deadline-deal-to-develop-site-of-new-york-coliseum-collapses.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010833/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/16/nyregion/at-deadline-deal-to-develop-site-of-new-york-coliseum-collapses.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Related CEO Stephen Ross had proposed converting the Coliseum into a [[Kmart (United States)|Kmart]] store, though nothing came of that plan.<ref name="nyt19980906" /><ref name="LJ p. 88" /> As a result, Ross contacted his friend, Kenneth A. Himmel, to devise a proposal for the site.<ref name="nyt19980906" />

Planning for Columbus Center restarted in May 1996,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perez-Pena |first=Richard |date=May 30, 1996 |title=Terms Are Set For Sale Of Coliseum |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/30/nyregion/terms-are-set-for-sale-of-coliseum.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010846/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/30/nyregion/terms-are-set-for-sale-of-coliseum.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=May 30, 1996 |title=Coliseum is on the block |pages=188 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84626062/coliseum-is-on-the-block/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903030446/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84626062/coliseum-is-on-the-block/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with the MTA outlining several criteria for the shape of the proposed development,{{efn|The design stipulation was that the complex's eastern wall had to follow Columbus Circle and be between {{convert|85|and|150|ft}} tall. If there were two towers, they had to be separated by at least {{convert|65|ft}} and could not be taller than {{convert|750|ft}}.<ref name="LJ p. 90"/>}} as well as a stipulation that the winner could not seek tax breaks.<ref name="LJ p. 90">{{harvnb|Linn|Joch|2003|ps=.|p=90}}</ref> The city and MTA received nine proposals for the site that November.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 758" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=November 13, 1996 |title=Coliseum Proposals Attempt To Reflect City's Direction |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/13/nyregion/coliseum-proposals-attempt-to-reflect-city-s-direction.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010831/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/13/nyregion/coliseum-proposals-attempt-to-reflect-city-s-direction.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Municipal Art Society]] displayed models of these proposals to gauge public opinion for the project.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 758" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=January 7, 1997 |title=9 Proposals For Coliseum Are Displayed |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/07/nyregion/9-proposals-for-coliseum-are-displayed.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010834/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/07/nyregion/9-proposals-for-coliseum-are-displayed.html |url-status=live }}</ref> By May 1997, the city and MTA had selected five finalists: Related Companies, [[The Trump Organization|Trump Organization]], [[Tishman Speyer]], [[Bruce Ratner|Bruce C. Ratner]] & [[Daniel Brodsky]], and [[Millennium Partners]].<ref name="LJ p. 90" /><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 761">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|p=761}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 2, 1997 |title=And Then There Were Five: Finalists' Plans for Coliseum Site |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/02/us/and-then-there-were-five-finalists-plans-for-coliseum-site.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010838/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/02/us/and-then-there-were-five-finalists-plans-for-coliseum-site.html |url-status=live }}</ref> New York state officials tentatively considered selecting Millennium Partners' bid that July, to be designed by [[James Polshek]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Levy |first=Clifford J. |date=July 26, 1997 |title=Coliseum Deal Is Governed By Financing |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/26/nyregion/coliseum-deal-is-governed-by-financing.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010842/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/26/nyregion/coliseum-deal-is-governed-by-financing.html |url-status=live }}</ref> To the surprise of the developers submitting the bids, New York City mayor [[Rudy Giuliani]] announced he would revoke a tax break that he had promised to give to the winning bidder.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 761" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Levy |first=Clifford J. |date=May 8, 1997 |title=Giuliani Withdraws Tax Break for Developer of Coliseum Site |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/08/nyregion/giuliani-withdraws-tax-break-for-developer-of-coliseum-site.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010832/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/08/nyregion/giuliani-withdraws-tax-break-for-developer-of-coliseum-site.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Giuliani also threatened to block any potential sale of the Coliseum unless the project contained a theater of 1,000 to 2,000 seats for [[Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Levy |first=Clifford J. |date=July 27, 1997 |title=Mayor Vows to Veto Coliseum Sale, Citing Long-Term Issues |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/27/nyregion/mayor-vows-to-veto-coliseum-sale-citing-long-term-issues.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010840/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/27/nyregion/mayor-vows-to-veto-coliseum-sale-citing-long-term-issues.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The mayor's demand for a theater had hitherto been unknown to the public, but Lincoln Center executives expressed interest in the proposal.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Firestone |first=David |date=July 29, 1997 |title=Lincoln Center Is 'Interested' In a Theater at Coliseum Site |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/29/nyregion/lincoln-center-is-interested-in-a-theater-at-coliseum-site.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010835/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/29/nyregion/lincoln-center-is-interested-in-a-theater-at-coliseum-site.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 1998, the city and state agreed that the new building would have a 1,100-seat concert hall for Jazz at Lincoln Center, as well as rehearsal rooms and educational spaces.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 4, 1998 |title=MTA Agrees To Jazz Hall In Coliseum |pages=25 |work=Newsday |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84628682/mta-agrees-to-jazz-hall-in-coliseum/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903030453/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84628682/mta-agrees-to-jazz-hall-in-coliseum/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=nyt19980204>{{Cite news |last=Watrous |first=Peter |date=February 4, 1998 |title=City Proposes a Gift for Jazz: A Swinging Hall of Its Own |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/04/arts/city-proposes-a-gift-for-jazz-a-swinging-hall-of-its-own.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903030448/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/04/arts/city-proposes-a-gift-for-jazz-a-swinging-hall-of-its-own.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The facility would cost $40 to $45 million, of which Jazz at Lincoln Center would raise $20 million and the city would raise $18 million.<ref name=nyt19980204/> The developers were asked to resubmit their bids.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 761" /> That April, Time Warner partnered with the Related Companies, with plans to move [[CNN]]'s New York City offices and [[NY1]] broadcast studios to the development if Related's bid was successful.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=April 30, 1998 |title=Time Warner Joins Bidding for Coliseum Development |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/30/nyregion/time-warner-joins-bidding-for-coliseum-development.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903030453/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/30/nyregion/time-warner-joins-bidding-for-coliseum-development.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Stern (2006) pp. 761-762">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|pp=761–762}}</ref> Ross and Himmel had convinced Time Warner CEO [[Richard D. Parsons]] the previous year to join the project.<ref name="nyt19980906" /> The joint bid was $45 million less than the high bid offered by Trump, though government officials preferred Millennium's and Related's twin-tower plans to Trump's single slab.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=July 15, 1998 |title=Hints of Trouble From Trump, If His High Bid for Coliseum Site Does Not Win |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/15/nyregion/hints-of-trouble-from-trump-if-his-high-bid-for-coliseum-site-does-not-win.html |access-date=February 13, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214143935/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/15/nyregion/hints-of-trouble-from-trump-if-his-high-bid-for-coliseum-site-does-not-win.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=July 15, 1998 |title=Trump Makes Bold Move in Coliseum Competition |pages=29 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84629353/trump-makes-bold-move-in-coliseum/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903030448/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84629353/trump-makes-bold-move-in-coliseum/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Nevertheless, city officials were mainly considering Millennium's and Related's bids by June 1998.<ref name="p219150575">{{cite magazine |last1=Croghan |first1=Lore |last2=Lentz |first2=Phillip |date=June 29, 1998 |title=2 developers close in on prized Coliseum site |volume=14 |issue=26 |page=4 |id={{ProQuest|219150575}}|magazine=Crain's New York Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=June 30, 1998 |title=Officials Are Drawing Closer in Effort to Sell Coliseum |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/30/nyregion/officials-are-drawing-closer-in-effort-to-sell-coliseum.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903184719/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/30/nyregion/officials-are-drawing-closer-in-effort-to-sell-coliseum.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Millennium had proposed two luxury hotels and 450 residential condominiums, while the city government backed Related's bid because of Time Warner's involvement.<ref name="nyt19980728">{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=July 28, 1998 |title=A Deal Is Struck for Coliseum Site |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/28/nyregion/a-deal-is-struck-for-coliseum-site.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903184721/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/28/nyregion/a-deal-is-struck-for-coliseum-site.html |url-status=live }}</ref> By then, Childs, who had designed Related's proposal, had designed five separate plans for the site.<ref name="Kubany p. 72">{{harvnb|Kubany|2000|ps=.|p=72}}</ref>

==== Plan selection and finalization ====
[[File:Columbus Circle td 10 - Time Warner Center.jpg|thumb|The complex seen at dusk in 2018]]
The city selected Time Warner and Related's $345 million bid in late July 1998.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=July 28, 1998 |title=Victory in battle for Columbus Circle |pages=6 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84629417/victory-in-battle-for-columbus-circle/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903030454/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84629417/victory-in-battle-for-columbus-circle/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="n84650737">{{Cite news |last=Berkowitz |first=Harry |date=July 29, 1998 |title=A Grand Plan For Coliseum Site |pages=40 |work=Newsday |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84650737/a-grand-plan-for-coliseum-site/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903184719/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84650737/a-grand-plan-for-coliseum-site/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="p398677248">{{cite news |date=July 29, 1998 |title=Time Warner Group Wins Bid to Develop New York Coliseum |page=B5B |work=Wall Street Journal |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398677248}}}}</ref> Childs was again hired to design the building, which would contain 425 hotel rooms, 375 condos, an auditorium for Jazz at Lincoln Center, and a 12-screen movie theater. There would also be a shopping mall, office space for Time Warner's headquarters, and studio space for CNN and NY1.<ref name="nyt19980728" /><ref name="n84650737" /> The proposal called for a pair of towers, separated by an atrium aligned with the axis of [[59th Street (Manhattan)|59th Street]].<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 762" /><ref name="nyt200006282" /> Unlike in earlier plans, the towers were only 55 stories tall, had a glass facade, and ran along the circumference of Columbus Circle, with the towers' sides running parallel to Broadway's diagonal route through the circle.<ref name="nyt200006282" /> Apollo Global Management, which would issue [[financial capital]] for the development, was to be a co-owner alongside Related.<ref name="p398677248" /> The Palladium Company, jointly owned by Himmel and Related, would operate the retail space at the building.<ref name="nyt19980906" /> The developers likened the planned development to [[Rockefeller Center]].<ref name="p398677248" />

The MTA quickly approved the plans for the site.<ref name="nyt19980730" /> The Coliseum was demolished starting in September 1999 with the removal of plaques that had hung on the Coliseum's facade.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=September 24, 1999 |title=The M.T.A. Removes 4 Huge Plaques From the Coliseum |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/24/nyregion/the-mta-removes-4-huge-plaques-from-the-coliseum.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903205012/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/24/nyregion/the-mta-removes-4-huge-plaques-from-the-coliseum.html |url-status=live }}</ref> While the Coliseum's demolition was ongoing, the Columbus Center project was still undergoing design changes.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 762" /><ref name="nyt200006282" /><ref name="Kubany p. 71">{{harvnb|Kubany|2000|ps=.|p=71}}</ref> As late as February 2000, when the Coliseum's interior had been demolished,<ref name="nyt20000220" /> SOM, Related, and the city were still negotiating over details such as how much stone the facade should have.<ref name="nyt200006282" /> There were also disagreements over the distance between the building's twin towers, which was originally only {{Convert|65|ft}}, as well as the extent to which the Jazz at Lincoln Center performance space should be recessed from Columbus Circle.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 762" /><ref name="nyt200006282" /> By the time the Coliseum's exterior was demolished in June 2000,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |date=June 12, 2000 |title=Metro Matters; As the Coliseum Comes Down, a Long-Missing City Vista Starts to Open Up |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/12/nyregion/metro-matters-coliseum-comes-down-long-missing-city-vista-starts-open-up.html |access-date=February 14, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215143840/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/12/nyregion/metro-matters-coliseum-comes-down-long-missing-city-vista-starts-open-up.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the structural steel had already been ordered.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 762" /><ref name="nyt200006282" /> By then, even Childs had become exasperated with the delays, and the developers were ready to construct the building based on the interim plans, with which none of the involved parties were satisfied. Childs, working with T. J. Gottesdiener and Mustafa K. Abadan, proposed a pair of glass-clad parallelograms, which officials approved.<ref name="nyt200006282" /><ref name="Stern (2006) pp. 762-763" />

Childs announced his revised scheme at the end of June 2000.<ref name="nyt200006282" /><ref name="n84666229">{{Cite news |last=Berkowitz |first=Harry |date=June 29, 2000 |title=Instead of a 'Camel,' NY To Get Landmark Towers |pages=69 |work=Newsday |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84666229/instead-of-a-camel-ny-to-get/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903214639/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84666229/instead-of-a-camel-ny-to-get/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The building would be called the AOL Time Warner Center, in advance of the merger between [[AOL]] and Time Warner.<ref name="n84666229" /> The building was planned to be about {{Convert|2.5|e6ft2}}, including mechanical space.<ref name="nyt20010520" /> The same month, [[Ally Financial|General Motors Acceptance Corporation (GMAC)]] agreed to provide $1.3 billion for the building's construction,<ref name="n84663836">{{Cite news |last=Burgess |first=Robert |date=June 1, 2000 |title=Coliseum project developer bags 1.3B construction loan |pages=1015 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84663836/coliseum-project-developer-bags-13b/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903214642/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84663836/coliseum-project-developer-bags-13b/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=Bloomberg News |date=June 1, 2000 |title=Metro Business; Columbus Circle Loan Set |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/01/nyregion/metro-business-columbus-circle-loan-set.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903214641/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/01/nyregion/metro-business-columbus-circle-loan-set.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}</ref> believed to be the largest construction financing ever for a real estate development in New York City at the time.<ref name="n84663836" /> GMAC's financing came with a $1.1 billion senior loan and $200 million in [[Mezzanine capital|mezzanine]] financing.<ref name="p236946413">{{cite magazine |date=Aug 2000 |title=GMAC provides $1.3B for redevelopment of NYC landmark |volume=35 |issue=8 |pages=8 |id={{ProQuest|236946413}}|magazine=Multi-Housing News}}</ref><ref name="p198419665">{{cite magazine |date=August 7, 2000 |title=GMAC Finances $1.3B Record NYC Deal |volume=24 |issue=46 |pages=20 |id={{ProQuest|198419665}}|magazine=National Mortgage News}}</ref> The remainder of the $1.7 billion development cost would come from [[Equity (finance)|equity]] of Apollo, Related, AOL Time Warner, and the Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group.<ref name="nyt20010520" /><ref name="LJ p. 91">{{harvnb|Linn|Joch|2003|ps=.|p=91}}</ref> Including furnishings, the building was expected to cost $2.2 billion.<ref name="LJ p. 91" /> Time Warner had paid $150 million upfront for the right to occupy the development.<ref name="Roberts 2002">{{cite web |last=Roberts |first=Johnnie L. |date=August 18, 2002 |title=Aol Building: Down, But Going Up |url=https://www.newsweek.com/aol-building-down-going-144117 |access-date=September 5, 2021 |website=Newsweek |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905161626/https://www.newsweek.com/aol-building-down-going-144117 |url-status=live }}</ref> City officials had indicated that Time Warner would receive a large tax abatement for the project,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=July 29, 1998 |title=Coliseum Big Tax Benefit for Anchor Time Warner |pages=25 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84657437/coliseum-big-tax-benefit-for-anchor/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903205011/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84657437/coliseum-big-tax-benefit-for-anchor/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but the [[New York City Department of Finance]] ruled in 2001 that the project was ineligible for such incentives under the 1996 request for proposals.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=May 18, 2001 |title=Metro Business Briefing; No Tax Breaks For AOL Building |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/18/nyregion/metro-business-briefing-no-tax-breaks-for-aol-building.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904002150/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/18/nyregion/metro-business-briefing-no-tax-breaks-for-aol-building.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Further tweaks were made to the design, including reducing the hotel from 400 to 251 rooms to allow for the construction of office space.<ref name="LJ pp. 91-92">{{harvnb|Linn|Joch|2003|ps=.|pp=91–92}}</ref>

=== Construction ===

==== 2000 and 2001 ====
[[File:Time Warner Center Towers from Tenth Avenue.jpg|thumb|The top of the towers as seen from [[Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)|Tenth Avenue]]]]A [[groundbreaking]] ceremony for the building occurred on November 14, 2000. At the time, the project was planned to employ 2,300 workers.<ref name="n84669497" /> Bovis Lend Lease was hired as general contractor based on a [[guaranteed maximum price]] at-risk contract,<ref name="LJ p. 92" /> while Insignia/ESG was hired as the leasing agent for AOL Time Warner Center.<ref name="p398793455">{{cite news |last1=Grant |first1=Peter |last2=Rich |first2=Motoko |date=July 24, 2002 |title=Plots & Ploys |page=B4 |work=Wall Street Journal |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398793455}}}}</ref> By early 2001, the first large retail tenant had leased space in the building's mall,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David |date=January 24, 2001 |title=Metro Business Briefing; New Hugo Boss Store |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/24/nyregion/metro-business-briefing-new-hugo-boss-store.html |access-date=September 4, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904002132/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/24/nyregion/metro-business-briefing-new-hugo-boss-store.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and the developers were interviewing restaurateurs to operate six eateries in the mall.<ref name="p219126644">{{cite magazine |last=Kramer |first=Louise |date=February 5, 2001 |title=Fedding Columbus Circle |volume=17 |issue=6 |page=1 |id={{ProQuest|219126644}}|magazine=Crain's New York Business}}</ref> That June, [[Central Parking]] was hired to run the three-story parking garage in the complex's basement.<ref name="n84698460" /> The condominiums went on sale in August 2001.<ref name="p398802417" /> Ross was planning to market some of the higher-story condominiums at between {{Convert|4000|and|5000|$/ft2}}, which would make these apartments the most expensive in New York City by far.<ref name="p333907290">{{cite news |last=Cuozzo |first=Steve |date=December 19, 2000 |title=$5,000 Per Square Foot! Time Warner Centre Lofts Could Set a New Record |page=051 |work=New York Post |id={{ProQuest|333907290}}}}</ref> The condos ranged from $1.8 million for a two-bedroom unit to $35 million for a penthouse unit.<ref name="n84772400" />

Plans for the 12-screen movie theater in Related's winning bid were scrapped by 2001.<ref name="nyt20010520" /> By mid-2001, the building had grown to about {{Convert|2.8|e6ft2}}, drawing the consternation of neighborhood groups who opposed the project. One such group, the Committee for Environmentally Sound Development, stated that AOL Time Warner Center was 33 percent larger than what was approved in an [[environmental impact statement]] in 1997.<ref name="nyt20010520" /><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 763" /> Other opponents, like City Councilwoman [[Ronnie Eldridge]], wished to know why construction plans for the center had been filed as an alteration to the Coliseum, rather than as a new building.<ref name="nyt20010520" /> The Committee for Environmentally Sound Development filed a lawsuit against the project. While a [[New York Supreme Court]] judge ruled against the group in December 2001, the judge noted that a government agency still had to ensure AOL Time Warner Center did not exceed its maximum size.<ref name="nyt20020303" /><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 763" />

Following the [[September 11 attacks]] on the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] in [[Lower Manhattan]] later in 2001, work on AOL Time Warner Center was slowed during the [[Rescue and recovery effort after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center|rescue and recovery effort]], as many skilled workers had left the job to help with the rescue effort at the [[World Trade Center site]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Blumenthal |first1=Ralph |last2=Bagli |first2=Charles V. |date=September 15, 2001 |title=After the Attacks: Real Estate; As Hard Hats Volunteer in Rubble, City's Building Boom Falls Into Doubt |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/15/us/after-attacks-real-estate-hard-hats-volunteer-rubble-city-s-building-boom-falls.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904002135/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/15/us/after-attacks-real-estate-hard-hats-volunteer-rubble-city-s-building-boom-falls.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, since many roads into Manhattan were closed after the attacks, concrete deliveries were delayed, prompting concerns that the building's construction would also be held up.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=September 29, 2001 |title=Plants May Rise for a Concrete-Starved Manhattan |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/29/nyregion/plants-may-rise-for-a-concrete-starved-manhattan.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904002135/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/29/nyregion/plants-may-rise-for-a-concrete-starved-manhattan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite the attacks, the Time Warner complex had reached 19 stories by the end of 2001. Even though a few prospective buyers had withdrawn, forty apartments had sold for a cumulative $200 million between September and December 2001.<ref name="nyt20011209">{{Cite news |last=Crow |first=Kelly |date=December 9, 2001 |title=The Newest Tower: Working 24/7 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/09/nyregion/the-newest-tower-working-24-7.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010104750/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/09/nyregion/the-newest-tower-working-24-7.html |url-status=live }}</ref> These included Sandie N. Tillotson, who bought the top floor of the north tower for $30 million shortly after the attacks, then a record for a condominium.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neuman |first=William |date=February 20, 2005 |title=$30 Million Buys Raw Space Atop Time Warner Tower |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/20/realestate/30-million-buys-raw-space-atop-time-warner-tower.html |access-date=September 6, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906043510/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/20/realestate/30-million-buys-raw-space-atop-time-warner-tower.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Five retailers also leased space in the months after the attacks.<ref name="nyt20020303" /> To address security concerns, the architects strengthened AOL Time Warner Center's security features at entrances to garages and loading docks.<ref name="nyt20020303" /> The architects also increased the strength of the steel and added backup generators for the elevators.<ref name="n84772400" />

==== 2002 and 2003 ====
By early 2002, a thousand workers were employed in the construction of the superstructure.<ref name="p219139866">{{cite magazine |last=Fredrickson |first=Tom |date=January 14, 2002 |title=Construction pours it on |volume=18 |issue=2 |page=34 |id={{ProQuest|219139866}}|magazine=Crain's New York Business}}</ref> Several officials, including mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]], signed a steel beam that February to mark the topping-out of the lower floors' steel superstructure.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 28, 2002 |title=Going Up! |pages=42 |work=Newsday |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84706988/going-up/ |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904175530/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84706988/going-up/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A speech was given to honor workers who helped with the September 11 recovery effort. By then, sixty of the residential units had been sold.<ref name="nyt20020303" /> The Related Companies did not reduce its apartment prices, even as the attacks resulted in a decline in condominium sales citywide.<ref name="p398802417" /><ref>{{cite web |last=McGeveran |first=Tom |date=November 5, 2001 |title=Condo Sales Slow by 31 Percent As Developers Keep Building |url=https://observer.com/2001/11/condo-sales-slow-by-31-percent-as-developers-keep-building/ |access-date=September 4, 2021 |website=Observer |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904175530/https://observer.com/2001/11/condo-sales-slow-by-31-percent-as-developers-keep-building/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Eighty percent of the retail space had been leased by mid-2002,<ref name="n84760016">{{Cite news |last=Herman |first=Eric |date=July 10, 2002 |title=Clothes, Loans New Coliseum Chapter |pages=44 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84760016/clothes-loans-new-coliseum/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905161626/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84760016/clothes-loans-new-coliseum/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="p219160717">{{cite magazine |last=Curan |first=Catherine |date=June 17, 2002 |title=AOL Time Warner Center shaping up as retail central |volume=18 |issue=24 |page=14 |id={{ProQuest|219160717}}|magazine=Crain's New York Business}}</ref> as was forty percent of the residential units.<ref name="n84705593" /><ref name="p216598085">{{cite magazine |date=Sep 2002 |title=Deals and dealmakers |volume=57 |issue=9 |page=16 |id={{ProQuest|216598085}}|magazine=Real Estate Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Herman |first=Eric |date=August 19, 2002 |title=Luxury condo sales weak 9/11, econ dip keep buyers away |pages=33 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84697633/luxury-condo-sales-weak-911-econ-dip/ |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172542/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84697633/luxury-condo-sales-weakeric-herman/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time, AOL Time Warner's stock value was declining,<ref name="Roberts 2002" /><ref name="Dumenco 2002" /> and the company reportedly planned to sublease some space, which executives believed the company could not fully occupy.<ref name="n84761104">{{Cite news |last=Herman |first=Eric |date=July 22, 2002 |title=AOL Time Warner Columbus Circle Future Uncertain |pages=30 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84761104/aol-time-warner-columbus-circle-future/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905175154/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84761104/aol-time-warner-columbus-circle-future/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''New York'' magazine compared AOL Time Warner Center to a situation where "your marriage is a wreck, you hate each other, everybody thinks you should get divorced, and yet you’re still building a lavish new home together."<ref name="Dumenco 2002">{{cite web |last=Dumenco |first=Simon |date=August 12, 2002 |title=AOL's Faulty Towers |url=https://nymag.com/nymetro/realestate/urbandev/features/6287/ |access-date=September 4, 2021 |website=New York Magazine |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904011522/https://nymag.com/nymetro/realestate/urbandev/features/6287/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

During construction, Bovis Lend Lease received several notices of minor construction violations from the [[New York City Department of Buildings]].<ref name="n84759006">{{Cite news |last=Lefkowitz |first=Melanie |date=September 12, 2002 |title=Man drowns off City Island, others hurt by flying debris |pages=14 |work=Newsday |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84759006/man-drowns-off-city-island-others-hurt/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905161627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84759006/man-drowns-off-city-island-others-hurt/ |url-status=live }}</ref> During a heavy windstorm in September 2002, a piece of debris flew off the construction site, injuring a carpenter and two passersby.<ref name="n84759006" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 12, 2002 |title=Wind sends debris crashing down on Columbus Circle |pages=2 |work=Daily Record |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84759226/wind-sends-debris-crashing-down-on/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905161625/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84759226/wind-sends-debris-crashing-down-on/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The carpenter ultimately died of his injuries, and a forklift driver was also killed on the eighth floor that year.<ref name="nyt20030409">{{Cite news |last=Brick |first=Michael |date=April 9, 2003 |title=Fire Is Latest Setback at AOL Time Warner Tower in Columbus Circle |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/09/nyregion/fire-is-latest-setback-at-aol-time-warner-tower-in-columbus-circle.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905185602/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/09/nyregion/fire-is-latest-setback-at-aol-time-warner-tower-in-columbus-circle.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2002, California pension fund [[CalPERS]] and MacFarlane Partners offered to buy a half-ownership stake in the retail space, the office space not occupied by AOL Time Warner, and the center's parking structure.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Herman |first=Eric |date=October 10, 2002 |title=Columbus Circle deal cooking |pages=74 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84706734/columbus-circle-deal-cookingeric-herman/ |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904175531/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84706734/columbus-circle-deal-cookingeric-herman/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 10, 2002 |title=Pension Fund May Put Money In AOL's HQ |pages=55 |work=Newsday |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84706926/pension-fund-may-put-money-in-aols-hq/ |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904175531/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84706926/pension-fund-may-put-money-in-aols-hq/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The sale to CalPERS and MacFarlane was finalized in February 2003, with the partners receiving a 49.5 percent stake;<ref name="LJ p. 94" /><ref>{{cite news |date=February 4, 2003 |title=CalPERS JV to Buy Stake in NYC's $1.7Bln AOL Time Warner Project |work=Commercial Real Estate Direct |url=http://www.crenews.com/general_news/general/calpers-jv-to-buy-stake-in-nycs-1.7bln-aol-time-warner-project.html |access-date=May 31, 2019 |archive-date=May 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531230416/http://www.crenews.com/general_news/general/calpers-jv-to-buy-stake-in-nycs-1.7bln-aol-time-warner-project.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nyt20030204">{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=February 4, 2003 |title=Developers Sell Half Interest In Mall at Columbus Circle |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/04/nyregion/developers-sell-half-interest-in-mall-at-columbus-circle.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905191639/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/04/nyregion/developers-sell-half-interest-in-mall-at-columbus-circle.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the stake was estimated at $500 million.<ref name="p398940824">{{cite news |last=Muto |first=Sheila |date=January 22, 2003 |title=Plots & Ploys |page=B6 |work=Wall Street Journal |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398940824}}}}</ref> That year, the Department of Finance valued AOL Time Warner Center at $820 million, a 275 percent increase from the previous year's valuation of $220 million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Herman |first=Eric |date=January 16, 2003 |title=6% Boost in Office Bldg. Value |pages=28 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84768818/6-boost-in-office-bldg-valueeric/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905193854/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84768818/6-boost-in-office-bldg-valueeric/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The construction process continued to experience difficulties; in April 2003, a fire damaged the fourth through seventh stories, including part of Jazz at Lincoln Center's future space.<ref name="nyt20030409" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Herman |first=Eric |date=April 9, 2003 |title=Fire Adds to AOL Time Warner Woes |pages=32 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84769207/fire-adds-to-aol-time-warner-woeseric/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905193900/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84769207/fire-adds-to-aol-time-warner-woeseric/ |url-status=live }}</ref> There were also thirty-nine open construction violations by late 2003, when around sixty percent of the condos had been sold.<ref name="n84772400" />

AOL Time Warner, facing further financial setbacks, was compelled to reduce some costs at the new headquarters, including canceling plans for a technology lab.<ref name="Los Angeles Times 2002">{{cite web |last=Mulligan |first=Thomas S. |date=November 24, 2002 |title=As Headquarters Takes Shape, AOL Tries to Define Its Future |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-nov-24-fi-aol24-story.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |website=Los Angeles Times |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905161627/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-nov-24-fi-aol24-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> By September 2003, the company had voted to rebrand itself as Time Warner, with the building to be known simply as "Time Warner Center".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sutel |first=Seth |date=September 19, 2003 |title=Time Warner erases AOL name, not memory of merger blunder |pages=30 |work=The Record |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84788338/time-warner-erases-aol-name-not-memory/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906001846/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84788338/time-warner-erases-aol-name-not-memory/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Furman |first=Phyllis |date=October 14, 2003 |title=AOL is gone but hardly forgotten |pages=59 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84788412/aol-is-gone-but-hardly/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905235624/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84788412/aol-is-gone-but-hardly/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite Time Warner's problems, in the two years after the September 11 attacks, residential prices at Time Warner Center were increased five times.<ref name="n84772400" />  ''[[Architectural Digest]]'' hired twenty-three developers to decorate one room each on floor 73, then held a fundraiser in these rooms in October 2003.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McGee |first=Celia |date=October 24, 2003 |title=Designers show how to live it up on the 73rd floor |pages=75 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84789520/designers-show-how-to-live-it-up-on-the/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905235626/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84789520/designers-show-how-to-live-it-up-on-the/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nyt20031023">{{Cite news |last=Rich |first=Motoko |date=October 23, 2003 |title=Turf; Design Eye for the Sales Guy |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/23/garden/turf-design-eye-for-the-sales-guy.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905235628/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/23/garden/turf-design-eye-for-the-sales-guy.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The rooms were decorated for free and were left in place for six months so the remaining 77 apartments could be sold.<ref name="nyt20031023" /> Though most of the office space was to be occupied by Time Warner, there was no interest in the remaining office space. This led Apollo Real Estate and the Related Companies to occupy half of the vacant space, with Time Warner buying the rest for its subsidiaries. The difficulty in leasing the space was in part because the developers felt the offices were best suited for media outlets that would compete with Time Warner.<ref name="p219180039" />

=== Time Warner use ===
Time Warner Center was the first major building to be developed in Manhattan after the September 11 attacks,<ref name="n84677036" /> and its development had directly resulted in an increase in nearby land values even before its completion.<ref name="p219154490">{{cite magazine |last=Flamm |first=Matthew |date=October 15, 2001 |title=Neighbors brace for rush when complex opens |volume=17 |issue=42 |page=43 |id={{ProQuest|219154490}}|magazine=Crain's New York Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Croghan |first=Lore |date=February 2, 2004 |title=Time Warner Center adds jobs, retail boom to area |pages=51 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84908167/time-warner-center-adds-jobs-retail/ |access-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907204350/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84908167/time-warner-center-adds-jobs-retail/ |url-status=live }}</ref> AOL Time Warner sought four companies to sponsor the new building, one each in the electronics, technology, automotive, and financial-services segments; the sponsors would have retail or exhibit space in the building. The first sponsor, electronics company [[Samsung]], signed an agreement in mid-2003.<ref name="p218085334">{{cite magazine |last=Wasserman |first=Todd |date=August 4, 2003 |title=Samsung at center of AOL Time Warner |volume=44 |issue=28 |page=14 |id={{ProQuest|218085334}}|magazine=Brandweek}}</ref> [[Lincoln Motor Company]] was the automotive sponsor,<ref name="p219481563">{{cite magazine |last=Kachadourian |first=Gail |date=July 19, 2004 |title=Lincoln buys prime display space in N.Y. |volume=78 |issue=6103 |pages=6 |id={{ProQuest|219481563}}|magazine=Automotive News}}</ref> while [[First Republic Bank]] was the financial-services sponsor.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cuozzo |first=Steve |date=December 23, 2003 |title=Durst Inks Deal for Bofa Move |page=28 |work=New York Post |id={{ProQuest|334068737}}}}</ref> At the end of 2003, [[Credit Suisse First Boston]] provided $620 million to refinance part of the development's construction loan.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 11, 2003 |title=CSFB Provides Big Loan for NY's Time Warner Center |work=Commercial Real Estate Direct |url=http://www.crenews.com/general_news/general/csfb-provides-big-loan-for-nys-time-warner-center.html |access-date=May 31, 2019 |archive-date=May 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531230418/http://www.crenews.com/general_news/general/csfb-provides-big-loan-for-nys-time-warner-center.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Opening====
[[File:Jazz at Lincoln Center sign.JPG|thumb|Jazz at Lincoln Center opened in Time Warner Center in October 2004.]]
The development was opened in phases starting in 2003.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=January 19, 2003 |title=A Vertical Neighborhood Takes Shape |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/19/realestate/a-vertical-neighborhood-takes-shape.html |access-date=October 14, 2017 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014133842/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/19/realestate/a-vertical-neighborhood-takes-shape.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The first part of Time Warner Center to officially open was the Mandarin Oriental New York, which opened on November 15, 2003,<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 764" /> although a formal ceremony was held in December 2003.<ref name="n408965365" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Levere |first=Jane L. |date=November 30, 2003 |title=Business People; A Party Without the Donald (Not a Walk in the Park) |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/30/business/business-people-a-party-without-the-donald-not-a-walk-in-the-park.html |access-date=September 7, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907175741/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/30/business/business-people-a-party-without-the-donald-not-a-walk-in-the-park.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Time Warner Center's formal opening ceremony was held on February 5, 2004, with  a benefit party being hosted upon the completion of the Shops at Columbus Circle.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kuczynski |first=Alex |date=February 5, 2004 |title=At Towers' Opulent Debut, Even Guards Are Dolled Up |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/05/nyregion/at-towers-opulent-debut-even-guards-are-dolled-up.html |access-date=September 6, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906043504/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/05/nyregion/at-towers-opulent-debut-even-guards-are-dolled-up.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Weber |first=Lauren |date=February 6, 2004 |title=Attention, City Shoppers / Time Warner site opens doors |page=A46 |work=Newsday |id={{ProQuest|279733338}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Furman |first1=Phyllis |last2=Colangelo |first2=Lisa L. |last3=Standora |first3=Leo |date=February 5, 2004 |title=Glitz & glamour all the way as Time Warner HQ opens |pages=16 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78317573/glitz-glamour-all-the-way-as-time/ |access-date=May 25, 2021 |archive-date=May 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525212756/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78317573/glitz-glamour-all-the-way-as-time/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time of the mall's opening, over four-fifths of the 40 stores and 10 restaurants were open. There were concerns among retail-industry experts that Time Warner Center's "vertical mall" concept would not be successful since high-rise malls in New York City had historically not been successful.<ref name="nyt20040204">{{Cite news |last=Collins |first=Glenn |date=February 4, 2004 |title=Upscale Shopping (Emphasis on Up); Time Warner Center Embraces a Tricky Concept: Vertical Retailing |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/04/nyregion/upscale-shopping-emphasis-up-time-warner-center-embraces-tricky-concept-vertical.html |access-date=September 6, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906043506/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/04/nyregion/upscale-shopping-emphasis-up-time-warner-center-embraces-tricky-concept-vertical.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Final touches were still being placed on the building when, in April 2004, a piece of metal sheeting fell off the facade.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=April 5, 2004 |title=High Winds Blow Metal Sheets Off Skyscraper |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/05/nyregion/high-winds-blow-metal-sheets-off-skyscraper.html |access-date=September 6, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906043503/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/05/nyregion/high-winds-blow-metal-sheets-off-skyscraper.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Lisberg |first1=Adam |last2=Goldiner |first2=Dave |date=April 5, 2004 |title=Chunk of Metal From Time Warner Center Clips Harlem Man |pages=3 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84808617/chunk-of-metal-from-time-warner-center/ |access-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906043504/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84808617/chunk-of-metal-from-time-warner-center/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This prompted Bloomberg to order that all work on the building be temporarily halted, since this was the fourth time since 2002 that debris had fallen from the building.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Elliott |first=Andrea |date=April 6, 2004 |title=Work Ordered to Stop at Columbus Circle |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/06/nyregion/work-ordered-to-stop-at-columbus-circle.html |access-date=September 6, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906043503/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/06/nyregion/work-ordered-to-stop-at-columbus-circle.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Saul |first1=Michael |last2=Donohue |first2=Pete |date=April 6, 2004 |title=Mike calls timeout in sky scrape |pages=2 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84808715/mike-calls-timeout-in-sky/ |access-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172539/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84808715/mike-calls-timeout-in-sky/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The retail complex also faced challenges, such as an early 2004 fire in the Per Se restaurant, the first to open in the mall.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Elliott |first1=Andrea |last2=Fabricant |first2=Florence |date=February 23, 2004 |title=Chef's Lofty Dream Is Set Back by Fire At Columbus Circle |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/23/nyregion/chef-s-lofty-dream-is-set-back-by-fire-at-columbus-circle.html |access-date=September 9, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909151148/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/23/nyregion/chef-s-lofty-dream-is-set-back-by-fire-at-columbus-circle.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Jazz at Lincoln Center opened in October 2004, almost a year after the rest of the complex had been completed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Seymour |first=Gene |date=October 17, 2004 |title='The spirit of jazz' |pages=104, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84808541/jazz/ 106] |work=Newsday |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84808506/the-spirit-of-jazzgene-seymour/ |access-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906043503/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84808506/the-spirit-of-jazzgene-seymour/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="p195997132">{{cite magazine |last=Airoldi |first=Donna M. |date=October 25, 2004 |title=New Time Warner Center Earns Raves For Event Spaces & Eateries |volume=28 |issue=15 |page=22 |id={{ProQuest|195997132}}|magazine=Meeting News}}</ref> In total, the project had cost $1.8 billion.<ref name="CMA"/>

==== Operation ====
The Sunshine Group was in charge of marketing the building.<ref name="nyt20030727" /> Businessman [[David Martínez (businessman)|David Martínez]] bought one penthouse unit and a portion of another;<ref name="n84772400" /><ref name="nyt20030907">{{Cite news |last=Brozan |first=Nadine |date=September 7, 2003 |title=The Price of 'Wow!' Keeps On Rising |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/07/realestate/the-price-of-wow-keeps-on-rising.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905235624/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/07/realestate/the-price-of-wow-keeps-on-rising.html |url-status=live }}</ref> at $40 to $45 million, the unit was the most expensive residence recorded in Manhattan at the time.<ref name="nyt20030907" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Murray |first=Christian |date=July 11, 2003 |title=Columbus Circle Condo Sold for a Record $40M |pages=53 |work=Newsday |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84791222/columbus-circle-condo-sold-for-a-record/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905235624/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84791222/columbus-circle-condo-sold-for-a-record/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 765">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|p=765}}</ref> Other early residents included designer [[Lady Henrietta Spencer-Churchill]] and musician [[Ricky Martin]],<ref name="n84772400" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2003 |title=Side Dishes |pages=25 |work=New York Daily News |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84772509/side-dishes/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905193856/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84772509/side-dishes/ |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as architect [[Jon Stryker]], who used Time Warner Center as a temporary apartment because he did not want to rent a residence.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neuman |first=William |date=May 29, 2005 |title=New Home Off Broadway |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/29/realestate/new-home-off-broadway.html |access-date=September 6, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906043503/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/29/realestate/new-home-off-broadway.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The south tower's residents also included Saudi royal [[Turki bin Faisal Al Saud]], art collector [[Tobias Meyer]], producer [[Verna Harrah]], and businessmen [[Gregory Olsen]] and [[John Kluge]]. Those of the north tower included ten doctors; businessmen [[Alan B. Miller]], [[Michael Spencer]], and [[Gerard Cafesjian]]; and two daughters of Turkish businessman [[Sakıp Sabancı]]. By late 2004, the apartments were about 85 percent sold.<ref name="nyt20041121">{{Cite news |last=Neuman |first=William |date=November 21, 2004 |title=Time Warner Center Draws a Diverse Global Group |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/21/realestate/time-warner-center-draws-a-diverse-global-group.html |access-date=September 6, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420132323/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/21/realestate/time-warner-center-draws-a-diverse-global-group.html |url-status=live }}</ref> About a quarter of the original buyers were foreign buyers, and a third of the total buyers used [[shell corporation]]s to obscure their identities.<ref name=":2" />

[[File:ColumbusCirclefromTimeWarnerCenterNYC20050807.jpg|thumb|Columbus Circle, seen from the atrium]]

Within a year and a half of Time Warner Center's opening, the hotel and some of the shopping mall's retail spaces were relatively successful. However, several restaurateurs had already closed their operations in the building or were in the process of doing so.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barron |first=James |date=September 28, 2005 |title=Clouds, Silver Linings and a Mall in the Sky |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/28/nyregion/clouds-silver-linings-and-a-mall-in-the-sky.html |access-date=September 8, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908042236/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/28/nyregion/clouds-silver-linings-and-a-mall-in-the-sky.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The property had the highest-listed market value in New York City, $1.1 billion, in 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Chan |first1=Sewell |last2=Rivera |first2=Ray |date=January 13, 2007 |title=Property Values in New York Show Vibrancy |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/13/nyregion/13property.html |access-date=September 8, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804054323/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/13/nyregion/13property.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The building's last condominium was sold that March.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barbanel |first=Josh |date=September 17, 2006 |title=Would an Aardvark Live Here? |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/17/realestate/would-an-aardvark-live-here.html |access-date=September 8, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172548/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/17/realestate/would-an-aardvark-live-here.html |url-status=live }}</ref> By that time, a monthly parking pass alone ran from $550 to $600, more expensive than a one-bedroom residence in several Southern and Midwestern U.S. cities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burke |first=Heather |date=February 7, 2006 |title=It's only $550 to $600 to rent a nice place in Manhattan |pages=X30 |work=The Record |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84698020/its-only-550-to-600-to-rent-a-nice/ |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904154206/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84698020/its-only-550-to-600-to-rent-a-nice/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Time Warner Center had become a popular destination by 2008; its presence had helped raise the value of surrounding properties by as much as 400 percent since 2004. Average condominium prices had risen 127 percent since the building's opening, with condos being listed at between $7 and $60 million.<ref name="Sheftell 2008" />

Following the completion of the nearby [[15 Central Park West]] in the late 2000s, condo prices at Time Warner Center began to decline.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barbanel |first=Josh |date=July 13, 2010 |title=Duplex, Only $73.5 Million, Plus Renovations |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704288204575363131954581438 |access-date=September 9, 2021 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=September 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909151148/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704288204575363131954581438 |url-status=live }}</ref> One unit in Time Warner Center was listed on the market in 2007 and was not sold for more than a decade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeans |first=David |date=April 16, 2018 |title=How a Time Warner Center condo finally sold after decade on the market |url=https://therealdeal.com/2018/04/16/how-a-time-warner-center-condo-finally-sold-after-decade-on-the-market/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 8, 2021 |website=The Real Deal New York |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117162052/https://therealdeal.com/2018/04/16/how-a-time-warner-center-condo-finally-sold-after-decade-on-the-market/ }}</ref> In 2013, Time Warner announced its intention to move most of its offices to 30 [[Hudson Yards (development)|Hudson Yards]] on the west side of Manhattan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=July 1, 2013 |title=Time Warner Intends to Move to Planned Skyscraper at Hudson Yards |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/02/nyregion/time-warner-intends-to-move-to-planned-west-side-tower.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905161627/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/02/nyregion/time-warner-intends-to-move-to-planned-west-side-tower.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Echikson |first=Julia |date=July 3, 2013 |title=Time Warner Deal Imminent at Hudson Yards |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2013/07/time-warner-deal-imminent-at-hudson-yards/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |website=Commercial Observer |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905161628/https://commercialobserver.com/2013/07/time-warner-deal-imminent-at-hudson-yards/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The following January, Time Warner sold its stake in the Columbus Circle building for $1.3 billion to the Related Companies, the [[Abu Dhabi Investment Authority]], and [[GIC (Singaporean sovereign wealth fund)|GIC Private Limited]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=January 16, 2014 |title=Time Warner Is Planning a Move to Hudson Yards |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/17/nyregion/time-warner-announces-a-move-from-columbus-circle-to-hudson-yards.html |access-date=September 5, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917201123/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/17/nyregion/time-warner-announces-a-move-from-columbus-circle-to-hudson-yards.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=January 16, 2014 |title=Time Warner to relocate New York headquarters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-timewarner-hudsonyards-idUSBREA0F1IY20140116 |access-date=September 5, 2021 |website=Reuters |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905161628/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-timewarner-hudsonyards-idUSBREA0F1IY20140116 |url-status=live }}</ref> The companies funded the purchase of the office space with a five-year, $675 million mortgage from Deutsche Bank and [[Bank of China]].<ref name="CMA">{{cite news |url=https://www.cmalert.com/search.pl?ARTICLE=148936 |title=Deutsche Wins Loan on Time Warner Center |work=Commercial Mortgage Alert |date=December 20, 2013 |access-date=May 31, 2019 |archive-date=March 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309222929/https://www.cmalert.com/search.pl?ARTICLE=148936 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.crenews.com/general_news/general/bank-of-china-teams-with-deutsche-bank-on-time-warner-center-loan.html |title=Bank of China Teams with Deutsche Bank on Time Warner Center Loan |work=Commercial Real Estate Direct |date=January 23, 2014 |access-date=May 31, 2019 |archive-date=May 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531230417/https://www.crenews.com/general_news/general/bank-of-china-teams-with-deutsche-bank-on-time-warner-center-loan.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

By the 2010s, the residential apartments of Time Warner Center were acquired by a large number of extremely wealthy residents. In 2015, ''The New York Times'' found that Time Warner Center's condominium owners had included seventeen people on ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine's ''[[The World's Billionaires]]'' list, as well as five major art collectors, eight chief executives, and celebrities such as singer [[Jimmy Buffett]], football player [[Tom Brady]], and talk show host [[Kelly Ripa]].<ref name=":2" /> The vast majority of condominiums, about eighty percent, had been purchased by shell companies by 2014, with some of the tenants being involved in controversy. These included [[Vitaly Malkin]], a Russian senator accused of ties to organized crime; [[Wang Wenliang]], a Chinese businessman whose company was accused of dangerous construction conditions; and [[Anil Agarwal (industrialist)|Anil Agarwal]], an Indian businessman whose mining company had been charged with pollution in India and Zambia.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Alberts 2015">{{cite web |last=Alberts |first=Hana R. |date=February 9, 2015 |title=Scandal-Plagued Foreigners Park Millions in Midtown Condos |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2015/2/9/9994160/scandal-plagued-foreigners-park-millions-in-midtown-condos |access-date=September 7, 2021 |website=Curbed NY |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907203044/https://ny.curbed.com/2015/2/9/9994160/scandal-plagued-foreigners-park-millions-in-midtown-condos |url-status=live }}</ref> The controversy in part influenced the [[United States Department of the Treasury]] to regulate large all-cash property sales in Manhattan starting in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vasel |first=Kathryn |date=January 13, 2016 |title=The U.S. is cracking down on anonymous real estate buyers |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/01/13/real_estate/anonymous-real-estate-purchases/index.html |access-date=September 7, 2021 |website=CNNMoney |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907223031/https://money.cnn.com/2016/01/13/real_estate/anonymous-real-estate-purchases/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Halberg |first=Morgan |date=January 28, 2016 |title=Paper Trail: New LLC Regulations Add Uncertainty to an Already Shaky Luxury Market |url=https://observer.com/2016/01/paper-trail-new-llc-regulations-add-uncertainty-to-an-already-shaky-luxury-market/ |access-date=September 7, 2021 |website=Observer |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907223039/https://observer.com/2016/01/paper-trail-new-llc-regulations-add-uncertainty-to-an-already-shaky-luxury-market/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Deutsche Bank use===
In May 2018, Deutsche Bank announced it would lease all {{convert|1.1|e6ft2|m2}} of office space for 25 years, relocating from [[60 Wall Street]] beginning in the third quarter of 2021.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-04/deutsche-bank-plans-to-move-offices-from-wall-street-to-midtown |title=Deutsche Bank Joins Wall Street Exodus for View of Central Park |last=Basak |first=Sonali |work=Bloomberg |date=May 4, 2018 |access-date=December 27, 2018 |archive-date=December 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227085313/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-04/deutsche-bank-plans-to-move-offices-from-wall-street-to-midtown |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 4, 2018 |title=Deutsche Bank to lease 1.1M sf at Time Warner Center |url=https://therealdeal.com/2018/05/04/deutsche-bank-to-lease-1-1m-sf-at-time-warner-center/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=The Real Deal New York |language=en-US |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172630/https://therealdeal.com/2018/05/04/deutsche-bank-to-lease-1-1m-sf-at-time-warner-center/ }}</ref> The move represented a reduction in space for the bank, which had occupied {{convert|1.6|e6ft2|m2}} at 60 Wall Street.<ref name="Financial Times 2018">{{cite news |date=May 4, 2018 |title=Deutsche Bank to depart Wall St for new midtown digs |url=https://www.ft.com/content/8b39cde6-4fe3-11e8-a7a9-37318e776bab |access-date=September 4, 2021 |website=Financial Times |last1=McLannahan |first1=Ben |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904175531/https://www.ft.com/content/8b39cde6-4fe3-11e8-a7a9-37318e776bab |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the news, Related Companies announced that the building would be officially renamed "Deutsche Bank Center" upon the company's arrival.<ref name="DB">{{cite news |last=Gross |first=Max |date=December 8, 2018 |title=Time Warner Center Renamed for Deutsche Bank, Thanks to 1.1M-SF Lease |work=Commercial Observer |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2018/12/time-warner-center-renamed-for-deutsche-bank-thanks-to-1-1m-sf-lease |access-date=December 27, 2018 |archive-date=December 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227133148/https://commercialobserver.com/2018/12/time-warner-center-renamed-for-deutsche-bank-thanks-to-1-1m-sf-lease/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2019, Related refinanced the office portion of the development with a $1.1 billion loan from [[Wells Fargo]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://therealdeal.com/2019/05/15/related-snags-1b-refi-at-time-warner-center-office-space/ |title=Related snags $1B refi at Time Warner Center office space |date=May 15, 2019 |access-date=June 11, 2019 |work=The Real Deal |last=Diduch |first=Mary |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529230503/https://therealdeal.com/2019/05/15/related-snags-1b-refi-at-time-warner-center-office-space/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After announcing plans to drastically reduce its overseas activities in mid-2019, Deutsche Bank returned two of the floors, covering {{Convert|60000|ft2}}, to the Related Companies.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 16, 2019 |title=Deutsche Bank Reduces Lease at Time Warner Center |url=https://therealdeal.com/2019/07/16/deutsche-bank-shrinks-footprint-at-future-columbus-circle-home-amid-global-downsizing/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=The Real Deal New York |language=en-US |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903205011/https://therealdeal.com/2019/07/16/deutsche-bank-shrinks-footprint-at-future-columbus-circle-home-amid-global-downsizing/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Meanwhile, the CNN studios had relocated to Hudson Yards by late 2019.<ref name="The Hollywood Reporter" />

Between March 2020 and April 2021, the Mandarin Oriental hotel in Time Warner Center was closed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in New York City]], undergoing a minor renovation during that time.<ref>{{cite web |last=Skirka |first=Hayley |date=March 25, 2021 |title=Mandarin Oriental: NYC hotel to reopen as reservations launch for Saudi Arabian branch |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/travel/mandarin-oriental-nyc-hotel-to-reopen-as-reservations-launch-for-saudi-arabian-branch-1.1191007 |access-date=September 7, 2021 |website=The National |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908172616/https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/travel/mandarin-oriental-nyc-hotel-to-reopen-as-reservations-launch-for-saudi-arabian-branch-1.1191007 |url-status=live }}</ref> Time Warner Center was renamed to Deutsche Bank Center in May 2021, with Time Warner signage being replaced with that of [[Deutsche Bank]] over a one-week period.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 24, 2021 |title=Manhattan's Time Warner Center Officially Becomes Deutsche Bank Center |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2021/05/time-warner-center-officially-becomes-deutsche-bank-center/ |access-date=May 25, 2021 |website=Commercial Observer |language=en-US |archive-date=May 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524235253/https://commercialobserver.com/2021/05/time-warner-center-officially-becomes-deutsche-bank-center/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2021 |title=Time Warner Center Officially Renamed for Deutsche Bank |url=https://therealdeal.com/2021/05/25/time-warner-center-is-now-the-deutsche-bank-center/ |access-date=May 25, 2021 |website=The Real Deal New York |language=en-US |archive-date=May 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525142221/https://therealdeal.com/2021/05/25/time-warner-center-is-now-the-deutsche-bank-center/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ABC7 New York 2021">{{cite web |date=May 25, 2021 |title=Time Warner Center at Columbus Circle officially renamed 'Deutsche Bank Center' |url=https://abc7ny.com/10689560/ |access-date=September 4, 2021 |website=ABC7 New York |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904175530/https://abc7ny.com/10689560/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The bank was scheduled to relocate 5,000 employees to the building, but the relocation was delayed.<ref name="Real Estate Weekly 2021">{{cite web |date=May 25, 2021 |title=Time Warner Center renamed Deutsche Bank Center |url=https://rew-online.com/time-warner-center-renamed-deutsche-bank-center/ |access-date=May 25, 2021 |website=Real Estate Weekly |archive-date=May 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525175007/https://rew-online.com/time-warner-center-renamed-deutsche-bank-center/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Arons |first=Steven |date=May 4, 2021 |title=Deutsche Bank NYC Staff to Work From Home Until at Least July |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-04/deutsche-bank-nyc-staff-to-work-from-home-until-at-least-july |access-date=September 4, 2021 |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904175531/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-04/deutsche-bank-nyc-staff-to-work-from-home-until-at-least-july |url-status=live }}</ref> The bank's employees were being relocated by July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2021 |title=Empty Wall Street tower spotlights $5 billion NYC office problem |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/empty-wall-street-tower-spotlights-5-billion-nyc-office-problem/ |access-date=September 4, 2021 |website=The Seattle Times |language=en-US |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904165834/https://www.seattletimes.com/business/empty-wall-street-tower-spotlights-5-billion-nyc-office-problem/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=July 28, 2021 |title=In the News: The last bank leaves Wall Street |url=https://tribecacitizen.com/2021/07/28/in-the-news-the-last-bank-leaves-wall-street/ |access-date=September 4, 2021 |website=Tribeca Citizen |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904165844/https://tribecacitizen.com/2021/07/28/in-the-news-the-last-bank-leaves-wall-street/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
[[File:Shops columbus circle.jpg|thumb|Curved hallway at the Shops at Columbus Circle]]
When the original design was announced in July 1998, [[Herbert Muschamp]] wrote for ''[[The New York Times]]'' that the glass facade was a "major improvement" compared to Childs's earlier proposals of the late 1980s, but he believed that the design was "skillful, earnest and devoid of meaning".<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 762" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Muschamp |first=Herbert |date=July 31, 1998 |title=Architect's Landfall at Columbus Circle; At the Coliseum Site, a Timid Exploration of New Worlds |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/31/nyregion/architect-s-landfall-columbus-circle-coliseum-site-timid-exploration-new-worlds.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903190226/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/31/nyregion/architect-s-landfall-columbus-circle-coliseum-site-timid-exploration-new-worlds.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At the end of the year, Muschamp was even more negative, characterizing the building as an example of "architecture of denial" and derided it as indicating "an utter lack of awareness that New York today differs dramatically from the city in the 1930's".<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 762" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Muschamp |first=Herbert |date=December 27, 1998 |title=Public Space, Private Space And Anti-Space |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/27/arts/the-year-in-review-art-architecture-public-space-private-space-and-anti-space.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903184719/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/27/arts/the-year-in-review-art-architecture-public-space-private-space-and-anti-space.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Peter Blake, editor of ''[[Architectural Record]]'', wrote of the project in late 1998: "Manhattan is about to have a building of singular klutziness imposed upon it."<ref name="Arch 1998-11">{{cite magazine |last=Blake |first=Peter |date=Nov 1998 |title=Goodbye Columbus |url=https://usmodernist.org/AJ/A-1998-11.pdf |magazine=Journal of the American Institute of Architects |volume=87 |page=95 |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903214641/https://usmodernist.org/AJ/A-1998-11.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Both Muschamp's and Blake's complaints originated from the fact that the original plans resembled the [[Setback (architecture)|setback]]-laden [[massing]] of older stone-faced apartment buildings on [[Central Park West]], except with a glass cladding.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Arch 1998-11" />

When the updated plan was announced in June 2000, Muschamp wrote that the design "is an asymmetrical composition of crystalline contours" and that, in sharp contrast to the previous plan, it was not derivative of older Central Park West towers.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 763" /><ref name="nyt20000628">{{Cite news |last=Muschamp |first=Herbert |date=June 28, 2000 |title=How an Architectural Camel Shed Its Hump; The Spirit of Jazz Infuses the Plans For a Vertical City |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/28/nyregion/architectural-camel-shed-its-hump-spirit-jazz-infuses-plans-for-vertical-city.html |access-date=September 3, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903214639/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/28/nyregion/architectural-camel-shed-its-hump-spirit-jazz-infuses-plans-for-vertical-city.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Muschamp disliked the "lanterns" that were to be placed atop the towers, and he found the facade of the base to be "infected" by "aesthetic backsliding", but overall he thought the design to be a homage to [[Art Deco architecture of New York City|the city's Art Deco architecture]].<ref name="nyt20000628" /> By contrast, Martin Filler of ''[[The New Republic]]'' was dissatisfied with the revised glass design, especially as opposed to the masonry plans: "Light construction [...] implies the dual phenomena of weightlessness and transparency; and there is none of the former and little of the latter in evidence here."<ref name="p212807978">{{cite magazine |last=Filler |first=Martin |date=September 4, 2000 |title=Goodbye, Columbus |volume=223 |issue=9/10 |pages=30–33 |id={{ProQuest|212807978}}|magazine=The New Republic}}</ref> The plans also faced opposition from community groups that considered the building to be too large.<ref name="nyt20010520" /><ref name="n84772400" />

After the September 11 attacks, the towers of Time Warner Center were compared to the destroyed World Trade Center,<ref name="Dumenco 2002" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=November 2, 2001 |title=Even Now, A Skyline Of Twins |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/02/arts/even-now-a-skyline-of-twins.html |access-date=September 4, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904011521/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/02/arts/even-now-a-skyline-of-twins.html |url-status=live }}</ref> though the building's developers denied any intentional similarity to the fallen Twin Towers.<ref name="n84677036" /> In 2003, ''Architectural Record'' wrote: "AOL Time Warner Center with its new twin towers is testimony of how the people of the city can overcome great obstacles to get on with life."<ref name="LJ p. 94" /> When Time Warner Center was almost completed, [[Paul Goldberger]] wrote for ''[[The New Yorker]]'' that, though the design had been intended to conform with the surrounding street grid, this was nullified by the building's sheer size. According to Goldberger, "The best you can say is that they prevent it from being worse than it is, or as bad as earlier versions, which date from the nineteen-eighties."<ref name="Nast 2003">{{cite magazine |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=November 10, 2003 |title=The Incredible Hulk |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2003/11/17/the-incredible-hulk |access-date=September 5, 2021 |magazine=The New Yorker |archive-date=October 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001053118/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2003/11/17/the-incredible-hulk |url-status=live }}</ref> Peggy Deamer of the ''Journal of the American Institute of Architects'' wrote in 2004: "Shouldn't the designers have broadened the notion of context beyond the building envelope?"<ref name="A 2004-01">{{cite magazine |last=Deemer |first=Peggy |date=Jan 2004 |title=Developers Just Don't Get It |url=https://usmodernist.org/AJ/A-2004-01.pdf |magazine=Journal of the American Institute of Architects |volume=93 |page=80 |access-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803130226/https://usmodernist.org/AJ/A-2004-01.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In spite of criticism over the building's size, architectural critics generally approved of Time Warner Center when it was completed.<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 766" /> [[Ada Louise Huxtable]] wrote for ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' in early 2004: "The AOL Time Warner Center is exactly what a New York skyscraper should be—a soaring, shining, glamorous affirmation of the city's reach and power, and its best real architecture in a long time."<ref name="Stern (2006) p. 766" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Huxtable |first=Ada Louise |date=January 7, 2004 |title=The Best Way to Preserve 2 Columbus Circle? A Makeover. |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107344578910162500 |access-date=September 9, 2021 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=September 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909040016/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107344578910162500 |url-status=live }}</ref> Muschamp said of the completed building: "...The mood is modern noir. The two towers are worthy descendants of Radio City."<ref name="Stern (2006) pp. 766-768">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|pp=766–768}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Muschamp |first=Herbert |date=February 4, 2004 |title=An Appraisal; Glamorous Glass Gives 10 Columbus Circle a Look of Crystallized Noir |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/04/nyregion/appraisal-glamorous-glass-gives-10-columbus-circle-look-crystallized-noir.html |access-date=September 9, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909040016/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/04/nyregion/appraisal-glamorous-glass-gives-10-columbus-circle-look-crystallized-noir.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Even though Goldberger did not like the building's size, he said, "If you don’t look up, you could like this building", though he regarded it as "a theme-park version of a sophisticated urban building".<ref name="Nast 2003" /><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 768">{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|p=768}}</ref> A writer for ''[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]'' magazine said that, while critics did not praise Time Warner Center as they did the Hearst Tower or [[the New York Times Building]], "they do agree the commercial behemoth deserves its place in this emerging pantheon of buildings".<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Smoke & Mirrors: Media Titans Reaching for the Sky|last=McClintock|first= Pamela|magazine= Variety|volume= 398|issue=1|date=February 27, 2005|pages=6, 45|id={{ProQuest|1924819}}}}</ref> The [[American Institute of Architects]]' 2007 survey ''[[ America's Favorite Architecture|List of America's Favorite Architecture]]'' ranked the Time Warner Center among the top 150 buildings in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|website=FavoriteArchitecture.org|publisher=AIA|url=http://favoritearchitecture.org/afa150.php|title=List of America's Favorite Architecture|year=2007|access-date=September 27, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510113118/http://favoritearchitecture.org/afa150.php|archive-date=May 10, 2011}}</ref><ref name="nyt-2007-05-27">{{Cite news |last=Kugel |first=Seth |date=2007-05-27 |title=The List: 33 Architectural Favorites in New York |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/27/travel/27Bweekend.html |access-date=2023-01-20 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120163218/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/27/travel/27Bweekend.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Architecture|New York City}}
* [[Buildings and architecture of New York City]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in New York City]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{cite book|last=Bussel|first=Abby|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EsxPAAAAMAAJ|title=SOM Evolutions: Recent Work of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill|publisher=E & FN Spon.|year=2000|isbn=978-3-7643-6072-6|pages=160–165}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Kubany |first=Elizabeth Harrison |date=Mar 2000 |title=SOM Takes Manhattan |url=https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-2000-03.pdf |magazine=Architectural Record |volume=188 |pages=68–72, 74, 204}}
* {{cite magazine |last1=Linn |first1=Charles |last2=Joch |first2=Alan |date=Jun 2003 |title=The Making of AOL Time Warner Center |url=https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-2003-06.pdf |magazine=Architectural Record |volume=191 |pages=86–94}}
* {{Cite New York 2000}}
* {{Cite aia5}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.10onthepark.com/ 10 on the Park at Time Warner Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620163329/http://www.10onthepark.com/ |date=June 20, 2013 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031126052739/http://onecentralpark.com/ One Central Park – Residential sales and information]
* [http://www.mandarinoriental.com/newyork/ Mandarin Oriental Hotel New York]
* [http://www.som.com/content.cfm/time_warner_center SOM.com Project Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115093931/http://www.som.com/content.cfm/time_warner_center |date=November 15, 2012 }}
* [http://www.shopsatcolumbuscircle.com/info/TWC.cfm Information about Time Warner Center]

{{Navboxes|list=
{{Broadway (Manhattan)}}
{{Midtown North, Manhattan}}
{{Upper West Side}}
}}

[[Category:2003 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:Columbus Circle]]
[[Category:Commercial buildings completed in 2003]]
[[Category:Residential buildings completed in 2003]]
[[Category:Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group]]
[[Category:Mass media company headquarters in the United States]]
[[Category:Mixed-use developments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Residential condominiums in New York City]]
[[Category:Residential skyscrapers in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Skidmore, Owings & Merrill buildings]]
[[Category:Skyscraper hotels in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Twin towers]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. Discovery]]