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{{Short description|Defense manufacturing conglomerate}} {{Infobox company | name = General Dynamics Corporation | logo = General Dynamics logo.svg | logo_upright = 1.25 | image = General Dynamics Headquarters.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_caption = The headquarters of General Dynamics in February 2021 | type = [[Public company|Public]] | traded_as = {{unbulleted list|{{nyse|GD}}|[[S&P 100]] component|[[S&P 500]] component}} | industry = {{unbulleted list|[[Aerospace engineering|Aerospace]]|[[Defense (military)|Defense]]|[[Shipbuilding]]}} | foundation = {{start date and age|1893}} as the ''[[Holland Torpedo Boat Company]]'' | founder = [[John Philip Holland]] | location_city = [[Reston, Virginia]] | location_country = United States | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = [[Phebe Novakovic]] ([[chairman]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]]) | products = {{flatlist| * [[Aircraft flight control system]] * [[Auxiliary ship]]s * [[Business jet]]s * [[Combat vehicle]]s * [[Communications system]]s * [[Information technology|IT systems]] * [[Merchant Marine Act of 1920#U.S. shipbuilding|Jones Act ships]] * [[Ammunition|Munitions]] * [[Nuclear submarine|Nuclear-powered submarines]] * [[Stealth ships|Stealth Ship]] * [[Tank]]s * [[Machine vision#Equipment|Vision Systems]] * [[Watercraft]] * [[Weapon system]]s }} | services = {{flatlist| * [[Applications of artificial intelligence|Artificial intelligence]] * [[Air charter|Charter Services]] * [[Command and control]] * [[Cybersecurity]] * [[Fixed-base operator]] (FBO) * [[Intelligence agency|Intelligence services]] * [[Information technology|IT]] * [[IT service management]] * [[Aircraft maintenance|Maintenance, repair, and overhaul]] (MRO) * [[Naval architecture|Naval design]] * [[Shipbuilding]] * [[Shipbuilding#Ship repair industry|Ship repair]] * [[Software development]] }} | revenue = {{increase}} {{US$|47.7 billion|link=yes}} (2024) | operating_income = {{increase}} {{US$|4.79 billion}} (2024) | net_income = {{increase}} {{US$|3.78 billion}} (2024) | assets = {{increase}} {{US$|55.9 billion}} (2024) | equity = {{increase}} {{US$|22.1 billion}} (2024) | num_employees = 117,000 (2024) | divisions = {{ubl|Aerospace | Marine Systems | Combat Systems | Technologies}} | subsid = {{flatlist| * [[Bath Iron Works]] * [[General Dynamics Electric Boat|Electric Boat]] * General Dynamics Information Technology * [[General Dynamics Land Systems]] * [[General Dynamics Mission Systems]] * [[General Dynamics UK]] * [[Gulfstream Aerospace|Gulfstream]] * [[Jet Aviation]] * [[Mowag|MOWAG]] * [[National Steel and Shipbuilding Company|NASSCO]] }} | homepage = {{url|https://www.gd.com/|gd.com}} | footnotes = <ref name="10-K">{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/40533/000004053325000008/gd-20241231.htm |title=General Dynamics Corporation 2024 Annual Report (Form 10-K) |date=February 7, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]}}</ref> | intl = }} '''General Dynamics Corporation''' ('''GD''') is an American [[Public company|publicly traded]] [[Aerospace manufacturer|aerospace]] and [[Military|defense]] corporation headquartered in [[Reston, Virginia]]. As of 2020, it was the fifth largest [[defense contractor]] in the world by arms sales and fifth largest in the United States by total sales.<ref>{{cite web |title=SIPRI Arms Industry Database |url=https://www.sipri.org/databases/armsindustry |publisher=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref> The company is a [[Fortune 100|''Fortune'' 100]] company and was ranked {{Numero|94}} in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Dynamics Company Profile|url=https://fortune.com/company/general-dynamics/fortune500|access-date=2021-12-15|website=Fortune|language=en}}</ref> Formed in 1952 with the merger of submarine manufacturer [[General Dynamics Electric Boat|Electric Boat]] and aircraft manufacturer [[Canadair]],<ref name="CA sold back">{{Cite news |author=Robert Trumbull |title=General Dynamics to Sell Candadair; Ottawa Says It Will Acquire Aircraft-Manufacturing Unit for $38 Million |date=1975-11-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/11/29/archives/general-dynamics-to-sell-canadair-ottawa-says-it-will-acquire.html |access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref> the corporation today consists of ten subsidiary companies with operations in 45 countries. The company's products include [[Gulfstream Aerospace|Gulfstream]] business jets, {{sclass|Virginia|submarine|5}} and {{sclass|Columbia|submarine|4}} nuclear-powered submarines, {{sclass|Arleigh Burke|destroyer|4|}} guided-missile destroyers, [[M1 Abrams]] tanks, and [[Stryker]] armored fighting vehicles. In 2024, General Dynamics had worldwide sales of $47.7 billion and a workforce of approximately 117,000 full-time employees.<ref name="10-K" /> The current [[chairman]] and [[chief executive officer]] (CEO) is [[Phebe Novakovic]]. ==History== ===Electric Boat=== {{main|General Dynamics Electric Boat}} General Dynamics traces its ancestry to [[John Philip Holland]]'s [[Holland Torpedo Boat Company]].<ref>{{cite book |author=David Claerbaut |title=Duffy Daugherty: A Man Ahead of His Time |year=2018 |pages=67–73 |publisher=Michigan State University Press |doi=10.14321/j.ctv47wfsz.13 |jstor=10.14321/j.ctv47wfsz.13 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.14321/j.ctv47wfsz |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510041214/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.14321/j.ctv47wfsz |archive-date=2019-05-10 }}</ref> In 1899, [[Isaac Rice (businessman)|Isaac Rice]] bought the company from Holland and renamed it Electric Boat Company.<ref name="history1">{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/general-dynamics-corporation-history/|title=History of General Dynamics Corporation|publisher=Funding Universe |access-date=April 22, 2020}}</ref> Electric Boat was responsible for developing the [[U.S. Navy]]'s first modern [[submarine]]s, which were purchased by the Navy in 1900.<ref name="britannicahistory">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/General-Dynamics-Corp|title=General Dynamics Corp|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=April 22, 2020}}</ref> In 1906, Electric Boat subcontracted submarine construction to the [[Fore River Shipyard]] in [[Quincy, Massachusetts]], to build the submarines they had designed and won contracts for. Between 1917 and 1924, the company was named Submarine Boat Corporation.<ref name="history1" /> In 1933, Electric Boat acquired ownership of a shipyard in [[Groton, Connecticut]], to build submarines.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} The first submarine built in Groton to be delivered to the U.S. Navy was [[USS Cuttlefish (SS-171)|USS ''Cuttlefish'']] in 1934.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Streeter |first=Jim |date=May 11, 2018 |title=History Revisited: Electric Boat Company's astounding manufacturing diversity |url=https://www.theday.com/local-news/20180511/history-revisited-electric-boat-companys-astounding-manufacturing-diversity/ |work=[[The Day (New London)|The Day]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208165608/https://www.theday.com/local-news/20180511/history-revisited-electric-boat-companys-astounding-manufacturing-diversity/ |archive-date=February 8, 2024 |url-status=live |access-date=February 8, 2024}}</ref> Electric Boat was cash-flush but lacking in work following [[World War II]], during which it produced 80 submarines for the Navy, with its workforce shrinking from 13,000 to 4,000 by 1946.<ref name="history1" /> President and chief executive officer [[John Jay Hopkins]] started looking for companies that would fit into Electric Boat's market in hopes of diversifying.<ref name="history1" /> ===Canadair purchase=== {{Further|Canadair}} [[Canadair]] was owned by the Canadian government and was suffering from the same post-war malaise as Electric Boat. It was up for sale, and Hopkins bought the company for $10 million in 1946. The factory alone was worth more than $22 million, according to the Canadian government's calculations,<ref name="history1" /> excluding the value of the remaining contracts for planes or spare parts. However, Canadair's production line and inventory systems were in disorder when Electric Boat purchased the company. Hopkins hired Canadian-born mass-production specialist H. Oliver West to take over the president's role and return Canadair to profitability. Shortly after the takeover, Canadair began delivering its new [[Canadair North Star]] (a version of the [[Douglas DC-4]]) and was able to deliver aircraft to [[Trans-Canada Airlines]], [[Canadian Pacific Airlines]], and [[British Overseas Airways Corporation]] (BOAC) well in advance of their contracted delivery times.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/canadair50yearhistory/introduction|title=introduction - canadair50yearhistory|website=sites.google.com|access-date=2019-08-21|archive-date=2022-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801125039/https://sites.google.com/site/canadair50yearhistory/introduction|url-status=dead}}</ref> Defense spending increased with the onset of the Cold War, and Canadair went on to win many Canadian military contracts for the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] and became a major aerospace company. These included [[Canadair CT-133 Silver Star]] trainer, the [[Canadair Argus]] long-range maritime reconnaissance and [[Military transport aircraft|transport aircraft]], and the [[Canadair F-86]] ''Sabre''. Between 1950 and 1958, 1,815 Sabres were built. Canadair also produced 200 [[CF-104 Starfighter]] supersonic fighter aircraft, a license-built version of the [[Lockheed F-104 Starfighter|Lockheed F-104]]. In 1976, General Dynamics sold Canadair to the Canadian Government for $38 million.<ref name="CA sold back" /> Canadair was acquired by [[Bombardier Inc.]] in 1986.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/19/business/company-news-canadair-to-be-sold-to-bombardier-inc.html|title=COMPANY NEWS; Canadair to Be Sold To Bombardier Inc.|last=Salpukas|first=Agis|date=1986-08-19|work=The New York Times |access-date=2019-08-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ===General Dynamics emerges=== Aircraft production became increasingly important at Canadair, and Hopkins argued that the name "Electric Boat" was no longer appropriate—so Electric Boat was reorganized as General Dynamics on 21 February 1952.<ref name="centennial_GD">{{cite web |url=http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/generaldynamics/Aero35.htm |title=General Dynamics Corporation |publisher=U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission |access-date=2008-12-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081112045623/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/generaldynamics/Aero35.htm |archive-date=2008-11-12 }}</ref> General Dynamics purchased [[Convair]] from the Atlas Group in March 1953.<ref name="centennial_GD" /> The sale was approved by government oversight with the provision that GD would continue to operate out of [[Air Force Plant 4]] in [[Fort Worth, Texas]]. This factory had been set up in order to spread out strategic aircraft production and rented to Convair during the war to produce [[B-24 Liberator]] bombers. Convair worked as an independent division inside General Dynamics and, over the next decade, developed the [[F-106 Delta Dart]] [[interceptor aircraft|interceptor]], the [[B-58 Hustler]] [[bomber]], and the [[Convair 880]] and [[Convair 990|990]] [[airliner]]s. Convair also developed the [[Atlas missile]], the US's first operational [[intercontinental ballistic missile]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Johnsen |first=Frederick A. |title=Captured Eagles: Secrets of the Luftwaffe |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-78200-973-3 |location=Oxford, UK |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> General Dynamics purchased Liquid Carbonic Corporation in September 1957 and controlled it as a wholly owned subsidiary until a Federal antitrust ruling required its sale to shareholders in January 1969, being bought later that month by Houston Natural Gas Company.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/258/36/1510699/ |title=United States v. General Dynamics Corporation, 258 F. Supp. 36 (S.D.N.Y. 1966)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/28/archives/market-place-hitormiss-notification.html |title=Market Place| newspaper=The New York Times| date=1975-03-28| last1=Metz| first1=Robert}}</ref> From 1955 to 1960, General Dynamics hired [[Erik Nitsche]] as a graphic designer to develop designs for corporate reports and advertising material<ref>{{Cite news |last=Heller |first=Steven |date=1998-11-29 |title=Erik Nitsche, 90, Modernist Graphic Designer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/29/nyregion/erik-nitsche-90-modernist-graphic-designer.html |access-date=2024-07-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> including the "[[Atoms for Peace]]" series of posters for the 1955 [[International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy]] in Geneva, Switzerland. These designs have become iconic examples of the mid-century [[Modern art|modernist]] graphic design style.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-23 |title=Erik Nitsche's Modernist Vision |url=https://www.swanngalleries.com/news/vintage-posters/2018/02/erik-nitsche-modernist-vision/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Swann Galleries News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Erik Nitsche |url=https://www.oneclub.org/adc-hall-of-fame/-bio/erik-nitsche |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.oneclub.org |language=en}}</ref> ===Management churn=== Hopkins fell seriously ill in 1957 and was eventually replaced by Frank Pace later that year.<ref name="centennial_GD" /> Meanwhile, John Naish succeeded Joseph McNarney as president of Convair. Chicago industrialist [[Henry Crown]] became the company's largest shareholder and merged his [[Material Service Corporation]] with GD in 1959.<ref name="henrycrown">{{Cite book |first=Stewart |last=Alsop |title=America's Big New Rich |date=July 17, 1965 |publisher=The Saturday Evening Post}}</ref> GD subsequently reorganized into Eastern Group in [[New York City]] and Western Group in [[San Diego]], [[California]], with the latter taking over all of the aerospace activities and dropping the Convair brand name from its aircraft in the process.<ref name="history2">{{cite book |author=Donald M. Pattillo |date=2001 |publisher=University of Michigan Press|title=Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shwtKbTbEuEC&q=general+dynamics+reorganize+western+eastern+group&pg=PA225|pages=225, 226 |isbn=0472086715 |access-date=April 20, 2020}}</ref> Frank Pace retired under pressure in 1962 and Roger Lewis, former Assistant Secretary of the Air Force and [[Pan American Airways]] CEO, was brought in as CEO. The company recovered, then fell back into the same struggles. In 1970, the board brought in [[McDonnell Douglas]] president [[David S. Lewis Jr.|Dave Lewis]] (no relation) as chairman and CEO, who served until retiring in 1985.<ref name="history1" /> ===Aviation in the 1960s=== During the early 1960s the company bid on the [[United States Air Force]]'s [[TFX Program|Tactical Fighter, Experimental]] (TFX) project for a new low-level "penetrator". [[Robert McNamara]], newly installed as the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]], forced a merger of the TFX with [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] plans for a new long-range "fleet defender" aircraft. Since GD lacked experience designing naval aircraft, it partnered with [[Grumman]] to develop a version for [[aircraft carrier]] operations. After four rounds of bids and changes, the GD/Grumman team finally won the contract over a [[Boeing]] submission. The land-based [[General Dynamics F-111|F-111]] first flew in December 1964; the carrier-capable [[General Dynamics–Grumman F-111B#F-111B|F-111B]] flew in May 1965, but proved overweight and underpowered for the navy's needs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/13_sep2018-cancelled-f111b-1-180969916/|title=Was the Navy's F-111 Really That Bad?|work=[[Air&Space Magazine]]|author=Robert Bernier |access-date=April 22, 2020}}</ref> With the naval version not accepted, production estimates for 2,400 F-111s including exports were sharply reduced, but GD still made a $300 million profit on the project.<ref name="history2" /> Grumman went on to use many of the innovations of the F-111 in the [[F-14 Tomcat]],<ref name="history1" /> an aircraft designed solely as a carrier-borne fighter. ===Reorganization=== In May 1965, GD reorganized into 12 operating divisions based on product lines. The board decided to build all future planes in Fort Worth, ending plane production at Convair's original plant in San Diego but continuing with space and missile development there. In October 1970, Roger Lewis left and David S. Lewis from [[McDonnell Douglas]] was named CEO. Lewis required that the company headquarters move to [[St. Louis, Missouri]], which occurred in February 1971.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/boeing-moving-defense-hq-from-st-louis-to-d-c/article_029c405c-5f9b-5445-9008-3f8084708306.html|title=Boeing moving defense HQ from St. Louis to D.C. area|last=Brown|first=Lisa|work=Saint Louis Post-Dispatch |access-date=2017-04-12|language=en}}</ref> ===F-16 success=== {{Unreferenced section|date=June 2020}} In 1972, GD bid on the USAF's [[Lightweight Fighter]] (LWF) project. GD and [[Northrop Corporation|Northrop]] were awarded prototype contracts. GD's F-111 program was winding down, and the company needed a new aircraft contract. It organized its own version of [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]]'s [[Skunk Works]], the Advanced Concepts Laboratory, and responded with a new aircraft design incorporating advanced technologies. The company submitted a design in a 1972 competition for a new lightweight fighter, which it won. This was the F-16 ''Fighting Falcon''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Piehler |first=G. Kurt |title=Encyclopedia of Military Science |date=2013-07-24 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-1-4129-6933-8 |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |pages=576 |language=en}}</ref> GD's [[F-16 Fighting Falcon|YF-16]] first flew in January 1974 and proved to have slightly better performance than the [[Northrop YF-17|YF-17]] in head-to-head testing. It entered production as the F-16 in January 1975 with an initial order of 650 and a total order of 1,388. The F-16 also won contracts worldwide, beating the F-17 in foreign competition as well. GD built an aircraft production factory in Fort Worth, Texas. F-16 orders eventually totaled more than 4,600, making it the company's largest and most successful program and the world's most common fixed-wing aircraft in military service. <ref>2025 World Air Forces, ''Flight Global'', p. 10.</ref> ===Land Systems and Marine Systems focus=== {{main|General Dynamics Land Systems}} {{More citations needed|section|date=June 2020}} In 1976, General Dynamics sold the struggling Canadair back to the Canadian government for $38 million. By 1984, General Dynamics had four divisions: Convair in San Diego, General Dynamics-Fort Worth, General Dynamics-Pomona, and General Dynamics-Electronics. In 1985 a further reorganization created the Space Systems Division from the Convair Space division. In 1985, GD also acquired [[Cessna]]. In 1986 the Pomona division (which mainly produced the Standard Missile and the [[Phalanx CIWS]] for the Navy) was split up, creating the Valley Systems Division. Valley Systems produced the [[FIM-92 Stinger|Stinger]] surface-to-air missile and the [[RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile|Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM)]]. Both units were recombined into one entity in 1992. Henry Crown, still GD's largest shareholder, died on 15 August 1990. Following this, the company started to rapidly divest its under-performing divisions under CEO [[William Anders]]. Cessna was re-sold to [[Textron]] in January 1992, the San Diego and Pomona missile production units to [[General Motors]]-[[Hughes Aerospace]] in May 1992, the Fort Worth aircraft production to [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]] in March 1993 (a nearby electronics production facility was separately sold to Israeli-based [[Elbit Systems]], marking that company's entry into the US market), and its Space Systems Division to [[Martin Marietta]] in 1994. The remaining Convair Aircraft Structure unit was sold to McDonnell Douglas in 1994. The remains of the Convair Division were simply closed in 1996. GD's exit from the aviation world was short-lived, and in 1999 the company acquired [[Gulfstream Aerospace]]. The Pomona operation was closed shortly after its sale to Hughes Aircraft. In 1995, General Dynamics purchased the privately held [[Bath Iron Works]] shipyard in [[Bath, Maine]], for $300 million, diversifying its shipbuilding portfolio to include U.S. Navy surface ships such as [[Guided missile destroyer|guided-missile destroyers]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-08-18-fi-36555-story.html|title=General Dynamics to Buy Bath Iron Works Shipyard : Defense: The purchase would give the contractor access to $2 billion in orders for Navy ships.|date=1995-08-18|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US |access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref> In 1998, the company acquired NASSCO, formerly [[National Steel and Shipbuilding Company]], for $415 million. The San Diego shipyard produces U.S. Navy auxiliary and support ships as well as commercial ships that are eligible to be U.S.-flagged under the [[Merchant Marine Act of 1920|Jones Act]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-09-fi-30651-story.html|title=Defense Giant to Purchase Nassco for $415 Million|date=1998-10-09|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US |access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref> Having divested itself of its aviation holdings, GD concentrated on land and sea products. GD purchased [[Chrysler]]'s defense divisions in 1982, renaming them General Dynamics Land Systems. In 2003, it purchased the defense divisions of [[General Motors]] as well. It is now a major supplier of armored vehicles of all types, including the [[M1 Abrams]], [[LAV 25]], [[Stryker]], and a wide variety of vehicles based on these chassis. [[Force Protection Inc|Force Protection, Inc.]] was acquired by General Dynamics Land Systems in November 2011 for $350 million. ===General Dynamics UK=== {{main|General Dynamics UK}} In 1997, General Dynamics acquired Computing Devices Ltd based in [[Hastings]], [[England]], which had developed avionics and mission systems for the [[Panavia Tornado]], [[British Aerospace Harrier II]] and [[Hawker Siddeley Nimrod]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Transatlantic Defence Industrial Relationship: An Audit and Commentary |url=https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/D0005452.A1.pdf |website=CNA |access-date=3 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Hugh |title=Protest over Hastings Firm's Links to US Child Detention |url=https://www.hastingsindependentpress.co.uk/news/protest-over-hastings-firms-links-to-us-child-detention/ |access-date=3 September 2020 |work=Hastings Independent |date=30 November 2018}}</ref> In 2001, Computing Devices Canada (CDC) was awarded a contract from the UK [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] to supply tactical communication systems for their [[Bowman (communications system)|Bowman]] program. The work for this was carried out at its new UK headquarters in [[Oakdale, Caerphilly|Oakdale]], [[Wales]], and the company was renamed General Dynamics UK Limited.<ref>{{cite news |title=Defence firm sets sights on 500 jobs |url=https://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/4620006.defence-firm-sets-sights-on-500-jobs/ |access-date=3 September 2020 |work=South Wales Argus |date=22 August 2001}}</ref> {{As of|2020}}, it comprises two business units: ''General Dynamics Land Systems – UK'' and ''General Dynamics Mission Systems – UK'' and operates in eight sites across the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://generaldynamics.uk.com/about/about-us/ |website=General Dynamics UK |access-date=3 September 2020}}</ref> It is currently responsible for delivering the [[General Dynamics Ajax]] family of armored vehicles, the [[Ocelot (vehicle)|Foxhound]] light protected patrol vehicle and the [[Morpheus (communications system)|Morpheus]] communications system to the UK Ministry of Defence. ===21st century=== [[File:Gulfstream G650 departs Bristol 23rdAug2014 arp.jpg|thumb|In 1999, the company acquired Gulfstream Aerospace. Here, a [[Gulfstream G650]] departs [[Bristol Airport]], England, in 2014.]] In 2004, General Dynamics bid for the UK company [[Alvis plc]], the leading British manufacturer of armored vehicles. In March the board of Alvis Vickers voted in favor of the £309m takeover. However at the last minute [[BAE Systems]] offered £355m for the company. This deal was finalized in June 2004.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 June 2004|title=BAE outguns US rival with £355m bid for Alvis|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2004/jun/04/themilitary|access-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> On August 19, 2008, GD agreed to pay $4 million to settle a lawsuit brought by the US Government claiming that a GD unit fraudulently billed the government for defectively manufactured parts used in US military aircraft and submarines. The US alleged that GD defectively manufactured or failed to test parts used in US military aircraft from September 2001 to August 2003, such as for the [[C-141 Starlifter]] transport plane. The GD unit involved, based in [[Glen Cove, New York]], closed in 2004.<ref>''[[The Washington Post]]'', "General Dynamics To Settle Suit For $4 Million", August 19, 2008, p. D4.</ref> In 2014, the government of Canada announced it had selected the General Dynamics Land Systems subsidiary in [[London, Ontario]], to produce [[LAV-25|Light Armoured Vehicles]] for [[Saudi Arabia]] as part of a $10 billion deal with the [[Canadian Commercial Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/general-dynamics-canada-wins-10b-deal-with-saudi-arabia-1.2537934|title=General Dynamics Canada wins $10B deal with Saudi Arabia|last=Cudmore|first=James|date=14 February 2014|publisher=CBC News |access-date=13 September 2019}}</ref> The sale has been criticized by political opponents because of the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]].<ref name="Post_union">{{cite news |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-politics/union-asks-ndp-to-keep-saudi-armoured-vehicles-deal-under-wraps-fearing-significant-job-losses |title=Union asks NDP to keep Saudi armoured vehicles deal 'under wraps', fearing 'significant' job losses |work=Postmedia Network |date=30 September 2015 |access-date=30 September 2015 |author=De Bono, Norman}}</ref><ref name="Globe and Mail 2019-06-20">{{cite news |title=Advocates urge Ottawa to cease sales of military goods to Saudi Arabia amid growing backlash against war in Yemen |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-advocates-urge-ottawa-to-cease-sales-of-military-goods-to-saudi-arabia/ |work=The Globe and Mail |date=20 June 2019 }}</ref> In December 2018, after Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] suggested Canada might scrap the deal, the company warned that doing so could lead to "billions of dollars in liability" and risk the loss of thousands of jobs.<ref>{{cite news |title=General Dynamics warns Canada: Cancelling Saudi deal would cost billions |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/general-dynamics-saudi-arabia-canada-armoured-vehicles-deal-khashoggi-1.4950565 |publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada |date=18 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/general-dynamics-canada-wins-10b-deal-with-saudi-arabia-1.2537934|title=General Dynamics warns Canada: Canceling Saudi deal would cost billions|last=Ljunggren|first=David|date=17 December 2018|agency=Reuters |publisher=CBC |access-date=13 September 2019}}</ref> Trudeau has since said that while he is critical of Saudi conduct, he cannot simply scrap the deal because "Canada as a country of the rule of law needs to respect its contracts."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://business.financialpost.com/investing/general-dynamics-reports-financial-fallout-with-saudi-arabia-after-khashoggi-killing|title=Tension between Canada and Saudi Arabia is now weighing on an American defence giant's earnings |website=Financial Post|date=2019-02-13|language=en-CA|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418044259/https://business.financialpost.com/investing/general-dynamics-reports-financial-fallout-with-saudi-arabia-after-khashoggi-killing|archive-date=2019-04-18 |access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref> On 30 January 2019, CEO [[Phebe Novakovic]] warned investors that the matter had "significantly impacted" the company's cash flow because Saudi Arabia was nearly $2 billion in arrears on its payments.<ref>{{cite news |title=General Dynamics reports financial fallout with Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.pressherald.com/2019/02/12/general-dynamics-reports-financial-fallout-with-saudi-arabia/ |agency=The Washington Post |work=Press Herald |quote="Our payment issue got caught up in a larger international political issue, diplomatic issue," Novacovik told investors. "While we got some payment last year, those diplomatic contretemps slowed the payment that we otherwise anticipated."}}</ref> In 2018, General Dynamics acquired information technology services giant [[CSRA (IT services company)|CSRA]] for $9.7 billion, and merged it with GDIT.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2018/04/03/general-dynamics-completes-csra-acquisition/|title=General Dynamics completes CSRA acquisition|last=Mehta|first=Aaron|date=2018-04-04|website=Defense News|language=en-US |access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref> General Dynamics has been accused by groups such as [[Code Pink]] and [[Green America]] of "making money from human suffering by profiting off the migrant children held at U.S. detention camps"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.codepink.org/general_dynamics|title=General Dynamics: Divest from War & Prisons |publisher=Code Pink |access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref> due to its IT services contracts with the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health and Human Services]]' [[Office of Refugee Resettlement]], the government agency that operates shelters for unaccompanied children to include those separated from their families as part of the [[Trump administration family separation policy]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://qz.com/1309460/defense-contractors-like-general-dynamics-are-profiting-from-child-detention-and-you-might-be-too/ |title=US defense contractors profit from child detention—and you might, too |last=Fernholz |first=Tim |work=Quartz |access-date=2018-06-20 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.star-telegram.com/news/politics-government/national-politics/article213385464.html |title=Job postings offer clues to inner workings of facilities for immigrant children |work=[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]] |access-date=2018-06-20 |language=en}}</ref> The company says it has no role in constructing or operating detention centers, and that its contracts to provide training and technical services began in 2000 and have spanned across four presidential administrations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gd.com/en/about-gd/faqs|title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=General Dynamics |language=en |access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref> It was announced in September 2018 that the U.S. Navy awarded contracts for 10 new Arleigh Burke-class destroyers from General Dynamics Bath Iron Works and Huntington Ingalls Industries.<ref>{{cite web |last1=MarEx |title=U.S. Navy Places Advance Order for 10 New Destroyers |url=https://maritime-executive.com/article/u-s-navy-places-advance-order-for-10-new-destroyers |website=maritime-executive.com |access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref> Former [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] General [[Jim Mattis]] re-joined the company's [[board of directors]] in August 2019. He had previously served on the board, but resigned and divested before becoming Secretary of Defense.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://politi.co/2OJGryI|title=Jim Mattis rejoining General Dynamics board of directors|last=Feldscher|first=Jacqueline|website=Politico|language=en |access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref> In September 2020, General Dynamics announced a strategic counter-drone partnership, providing General Dynamics' global network with access to [[Dedrone Holdings|Dedrone's]] complete drone detection and defeat technology.<ref>[https://uasweekly.com/2020/09/04/general-dynamics-mission-systems-and-dedrone-enter-strategic-partnership/ "General Dynamics Mission Systems and Dedrone Enter Strategic Partnership"] ''UAS Weekly''. Retrieved September 24, 2020.</ref> In December 2020, the board of directors for General Dynamics announced a regular quarterly dividend of $1.10, payable on February 5, 2021.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=General Dynamics Board Declares Dividend|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/general-dynamics-board-declares-dividend-301185056.html|access-date=2020-12-27|publisher=PR Newswire|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=General Dynamics Board Declares Dividend|url=https://www.wfmz.com/news/pr_newswire/pr_newswire_business/general-dynamics-board-declares-dividend/article_0fa2ec3b-7fe2-5df5-813b-077613b6640f.html|access-date=2020-12-27|publisher=WFMZ |language=en}}</ref> On December 26, 2020, General Dynamics confirmed that their business division General Dynamics Land Systems was awarded a $4.6 billion contract by the U.S. Army for M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams main battle tanks.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-21|title=General Dynamics Unit Gets $4B Army Contract to Produce Modern Battle Tanks|url=https://www.govconwire.com/2020/12/general-dynamics-unit-gets-4b-army-contract-to-produce-modern-battle-tanks/|access-date=2020-12-27|language=en-US}}</ref> According to a report by [[Reuters]], General Dynamics was the primary contractor for a United States military-run [[Propaganda in the United States|propaganda]] campaign to spread disinformation about the [[Sinovac Biotech|Sinovac]] Chinese [[COVID-19]] vaccine, including using fake social media accounts to spread the disinformation that the Sinovac vaccine contained pork-derived ingredients and was therefore ''[[haram]]'' under [[Sharia|Islamic law]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Bing |first=Chris |last2=Schechtman |first2=Joel |date=June 14, 2024 |title=Pentagon Ran Secret Anti-Vax Campaign to Undermine China during Pandemic |url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-covid-propaganda/ |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> The campaign primarily targeted people in the [[Philippines]] and used a social media [[hashtag]] for "China is the virus" in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]].<ref name=":6" /> The campaign ran from the spring of 2020 to mid-2021.<ref name=":6" /> In 2024, General Dynamics IT was awarded a $493 million contract by The Pentagon.<ref name=":6" /> According to an unnamed source cited by Reuters, a military audit of General Dynamics's work on the project concluded that the company had engaged in sloppy [[tradecraft]] and took inadequate precautions to conceal the origins of the fake accounts created for the campaign.<ref name=":6" /> General Dynamics' [[Israel–United States military relations|supply of weapons to Israel]] in the [[Gaza war]] has led to protests at facilities in [[Pittsfield, Massachusetts]]; [[Lincoln, Nebraska]]; [[Saco, Maine]]; [[New London, Connecticut]]; and [[Garland, Texas]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bellow |first=Heather |date=2023-10-20 |title=Activists protest General Dynamics in Pittsfield over defense contracts and the Israel-Hamas war |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/news/local/pittsfield-general-dynamics-israel-hamas-palestinians-war-berkshire-communists-activists/article_ec204d1c-6ee4-11ee-8e1e-cb6121da994b.html |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=The Berkshire Eagle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pro-Palestinian Protest Outside General Dynamics |url=https://www.dailynebraskan.com/diversity_inclusion/gallery-pro-palestinian-protest-outside-general-dynamics/collection_58f97ac4-804e-11ee-b0a8-87a8bd3c9d5f.html |work=Daily Nebraskan |date=November 10, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Portland City Council unanimously backs resolution calling for ceasefire in Gaza |url=https://mainemorningstar.com/briefs/portland-city-council-unanimously-backs-resolution-calling-for-ceasefire-in-gaza/ |work=Maine Morning Star |date=January 4, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2024 |title=Arrests at anti-nuke protest with Oppenheimer cutouts at Electric Boat in New London |url=https://www.theday.com/police-fire-reports/20240304/anti-nuke-protest-leads-to-arrests-at-eb-in-new-london/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.theday.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Choi |first=Hojun |date=2024-03-07 |title=Pro-Palestinian demonstrators arrested at Garland facility for aerospace and defense firm |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2024/03/07/pro-palestinian-demonstrators-arrested-at-garland-facility-for-aerospace-and-defense-firm/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Dallas News |language=en}}</ref> ==Acquisitions timeline== <!-- {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} --> ===20th-century acquisitions=== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Acquisition !Business group |- !1947 |[[Canadair]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History |publisher=General Dynamics |url=https://www.gd.com/about-gd/our-history |access-date=2022-12-27 |language=en}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !1953 |[[Convair]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1954/03/02/archives/boards-approve-convair-merger-general-dynamics-to-step-up-as-vast.html|title=Boards Approve Convair Merger; General Dynamics to Step Up as Vast Defense Complex if Stockholders Concur|work=The New York Times|date=March 2, 1954 |access-date=April 22, 2020}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !1955 |[[Stromberg-Carlson]]<ref name="history3">{{cite web|url=https://www.gd.com/about-gd/our-history|title=Our History|publisher=General Dynamics |access-date=April 22, 2020}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !1957 |Liquid Carbonic Corporation<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explore.chicagocollections.org/marcxml/chicagohistory/30/rj49z1s/|title=Liquid Carbonic Industries Corporation records|publisher=Chicago Collections |access-date=April 22, 2020}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !1959 |Material Service Corporation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Irving Crown, who helped found the Material Service Corp.,... |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/03/02/Irving-Crown-who-helped-found-the-Material-Service-Corp/4418541659600/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |publisher=UPI |language=en}}</ref> | |- !1982 |Chrysler's combat systems<ref>{{Cite news |date=1982-03-17 |title=Chrysler Unit Sold |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/17/business/chrysler-unit-sold.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !1995 |[[Bath Iron Works]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=1995-08-18 |title=General Dynamics to Buy Bath Iron Works Shipyard : Defense: The purchase would give the contractor access to $2 billion in orders for Navy ships. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-08-18-fi-36555-story.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> |Marine Systems |- !1996 |Teledyne Vehicle Systems<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/08/business/450-million-dynamics-deal-for-two-units.html|title=$450 Million Dynamics Deal For Two Units|work=The New York Times|date=November 8, 1996 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> |Marine Systems |- !1997 |Advanced Technology Systems<ref>{{Cite news|title=General Dynamics Will Acquire Pair of Lockheed Martin Units |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB84737564019142500 |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !1997 |Lockheed Martin Defense Systems<ref name="Washington Business Journal">{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/1997/03/24/daily5.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020619083016/http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/1997/03/24/daily5.html|title=Lockheed Martin improves debt rating|website=[[Washington Business Journal]]|archivedate=June 19, 2002|date=1997|accessdate=June 20, 2024}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !1997 |Lockheed Martin Armament Systems<ref name="Washington Business Journal"/> |Combat Systems |- !1997 |Computing Devices International<ref>{{Cite web |title=Computing Devices International :: Rochester Avionic Archives |url=https://rochesteravionicarchives.co.uk/manufacturer/computing-devices-international |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=rochesteravionicarchives.co.uk}}</ref> |Technologies |- !1998 |[[National Steel and Shipbuilding Company]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=1998-10-09 |title=Defense Giant to Purchase Nassco for $415 Million |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-09-fi-30651-story.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> |Marine Systems |- !1999 |[[Gulfstream Aerospace]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=1999-05-18 |title=Forstmann Nets $5B from Gulfstream Sale |newspaper=New York Post |url=https://nypost.com/1999/05/18/forstmann-nets-5b-from-gulfstream-sale/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !1999 |GTE Government Systems<ref>{{Cite news |date=1999-06-23 |title=General Dynamics, GTE in Deal |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-23-fi-49320-story.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2000 |[[SACO Defense|Saco Defense]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.generaldynamics.com/news/press-releases/detail.cfm?customel_dataPageID_1811=13292|title=General Dynamics Completes Acquisition of Saco Defense Corp.|date=June 30, 2000|publisher=General Dynamics |access-date=28 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529052121/http://www.generaldynamics.com/news/press-releases/detail.cfm?customel_dataPageID_1811=13292|archive-date=29 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.courant.com/1998/05/20/colts-agrees-to-buy-gunmaker-in-maine/|title=Colt's Agrees To Buy Gunmaker In Maine|date=May 20, 1998|newspaper=[[Hartford Courant]] |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> |Combat Systems |} <!-- </div> --> <div style=display:inline-table> ===21st-century acquisitions=== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Acquisition !Business group |- !2001 |PrimeX Technologies Inc.<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/tampabay/stories/2001/01/22/daily19.html "Primex Technologies acquired by General Dynamics"] Tampa Bay Business Journal, January 24, 2001.</ref> |Technologies |- !2001 |Motorola Integrated Systems<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-08-07 |title=General Dynamics to By a Motorola Unit |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/07/business/company-news-general-dynamics-to-buy-a-motorola-unit.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2001 |[[Gulfstream Aerospace|Galaxy Aerospace Company]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB988724351894337276|title=General Dynamics Agrees to Buy Galaxy Aerospace for $330 Million|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=May 1, 2001 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !2001 |[[Santa Bárbara Sistemas]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=DK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9I_DgAAQBAJ&dq=Acquired+Spain's+%5B%5BGeneral+Dynamics+Santa+B%C3%A1rbara+Sistemas%7CSanta+B%C3%A1rbara+Sistemas%5D%5D,+one+of+the+world's+oldest+arms+manufacturers.&pg=PA140 |title=Tank: The Definitive Visual History of Armored Vehicles |date=2017-04-04 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-4654-6603-7 |language=en}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2002 |EWK Eisenwerke Kaiserslautern<ref>{{cite web |title=General Dynamics European Land Systems (GDELS) - Defence Procurement International |url=https://www.defenceprocurementinternational.com/profile/general-dynamics-european-land-systems |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=defenceprocurementinternational.com}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2003 |[[GM Defense]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} GM Defense L.L.C. |url=https://www.gmdefensellc.com/content/site/us/en/gm-defense/home/about/history.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=gmdefensellc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=GM Defense - A Case Study of Success |url=https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2021/6/4/gm-defense---a-case-study-of-success |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=National Defense Magazine |language=en}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2003 |[[Steyr-Daimler-Puch]] Spezialfahrzeug{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} |Combat Systems |- !2003 |Veridian and Digital Systems Resources<ref>{{Cite news |title=General Dynamics to acquire DSR in Fairfax|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/2003/07/28/daily24.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=bizjournals.com}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2003 |Datron's [[Intercontinental Manufacturing Company]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://aviationweek.com/brief-general-dynamics-completes-imco-buy|title=In Brief: General Dynamics completes IMCO buy|work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]]|date=September 5, 2003 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2004 |[[Spectrum Astro]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Dynamics finishes buy of Spectrum Astro |url=https://washingtontechnology.com/articles/2004/07/12/general-dynamics-finishes-buy-of-spectrum-astro.aspx |website=washingtontechnology.com |date=12 July 2004 |access-date=2019-11-09}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !2004 |[[MOWAG]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-03-11 |title=Alvis bought out by General Dynamics |url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2004/mar/11/themilitary.money |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2005 |MAYA Viz Ltd <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/business/businessnews/2005/04/02/Defense-giant-buys-Maya-Viz/stories/200504020124|title=Defense giant buys Maya Viz|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|last=Shropshire|first=Corilyn|date=April 2, 2005 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2005 |[[Tadpole Computer]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://aviationweek.com/general-dynamics-acquires-tadpole-computer|title=General Dynamics acquires Tadpole Computer|work=Aviation Week & Space Technology|date=August 17, 2005 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2005 |Itronix<ref>{{Cite news |title=Goodbye Itronix. General Dynamics pulls the plug on line of ultrarugged computers |website=The Spokesman-Review |url=https://www.spokesman.com/blogs/officehours/2013/apr/30/goodbye-itronix-general-dynamics-plugs-plug-line-ultrarugged-computers/ |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2006 |FC Business Systems <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2005/12/14/general-dynamics-to-buy-fc-systems/ed0f2304-1087-4c48-b112-421a23479327/|title=General Dynamics to Buy FC Systems |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|last=Merle|first=Renae|date=December 14, 2005 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2006 |Anteon International<ref>{{Cite web |title=StackPath |url=https://www.militaryaerospace.com/communications/article/16713105/general-dynamics-to-acquire-anteon-for-22-billion |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=militaryaerospace.com|date=14 December 2005 }}</ref> |Technologies |- !2007 |Mediaware International <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.militaryaerospace.com/communications/article/16724900/general-dynamics-acquires-mediaware-international|title=General Dynamics acquires Mediaware International|publisher=Military & Aerospace Electronics|date=November 15, 2007|access-date=April 25, 2020}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2008 |ViPS, Inc.<ref>[http://investor.shareholder.com/hlth/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=313710 "HLTH Announces Agreement to Sell ViPS Unit to General Dynamics for $225 Million"]. HLTH Corporation Press Release, June 3, 2008. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011012055/http://investor.shareholder.com/hlth/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=313710 |date=October 11, 2008}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2008 |[[Jet Aviation]]<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/19/AR2008081902603.html?hpid=sec-business "General Dynamics to Boost Gulfstream With Jet Aviation Purchase"]. ''The Washington Post'', August 20, 2008.</ref> |Aerospace |- !2009 |Axletech International<ref>[https://www.carlyle.com/media-room/news-release-archive/general-dynamics-completes-acquisition-axletech-international "General Dynamics Completes Acquisition of AxleTech International"]. The Carlyle Group, January 4, 2009.</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2010 |Kylmar Ltd.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archive.boston.com/business/articles/2010/06/22/general_dynamics_acquires_kylmar_ltd/ |title=General Dynamics acquires Kylmar Ltd.|work=The Boston Globe |access-date=2017-09-20}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2011 |[[Vangent]], Inc.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/general-dynamics-to-acquire-arlington-contractor-for-nearly-1-billion/2011/08/16/gIQAHHKkJJ_story.html "General Dynamics to Acquire Arlington Contractor for Nearly $1 Billion"]. ''The Washington Post'', August 16, 2011.</ref> |Technologies |- !2011 |Metro Machine Imperial Docks Inc.<ref>{{Cite news |title=General Dynamics completes Metro Machine {{as written|acqu|istion [sic]}} |url=https://www.pilotonline.com/business/shipyards/article_05a039a4-0ce4-5165-b994-ffa65b624422.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=The Virginian-Pilot}}</ref> |Marine Systems |- !2011 |[[Force Protection Inc]].<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-generaldynamics-idUSTRE7A64U420111107 General Dynamics to buy Force Protection]. Reuters.</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2012 |Earl Industries’ Ship Repair Division<ref>{{Cite web |title=StackPath |url=https://www.militaryaerospace.com/defense-executive/article/16720256/general-dynamics-to-acquire-ship-repair-division-of-earl-industries |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=militaryaerospace.com|date=3 July 2012 }}</ref> |Marine Systems |- !2012 |[[Open Kernel Labs]]<ref>[http://www.nicta.com.au/media/current/general_dynamics_acquires_nicta_start-up_open_kernel_labs General Dynamics acquires NICTA start-up Open Kernel Labs]. NICTA, September 12, 2012.</ref> |Technologies |- !2012 |Applied Physical Sciences<ref>{{cite press release |title=General Dynamics Acquires Applied Physical Sciences Corp. |url=http://www.gd.com/news/press-releases/2012/12/general-dynamics-acquires-applied-physical-sciences-corp |date=December 21, 2012 |publisher=General Dynamics |access-date=December 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220034010/http://www.gd.com/news/press-releases/2012/12/general-dynamics-acquires-applied-physical-sciences-corp |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Aerospace |- !2016 |[[Bluefin Robotics]]<ref>{{cite press release |title=General Dynamics Mission Systems Acquires Bluefin Robotics |url=https://gdmissionsystems.com/articles/2016/02/22/news-2016-general-dynamics-mission-systems-acquires-bluefin-robotics |date=February 23, 2016 |publisher=General Dynamics Mission Systems}}</ref> |Marine Systems |- !2018 |[[CSRA Inc.|CSRA]] Inc.<ref name="USA T2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2018/02/12/general-dynamics-buying-csra-6-8-billion/328387002/ |title=General Dynamics buying CSRA for about $6.8 billion|author=The Associated Press|author-link=The Associated Press|work=[[USA Today]] |location=[[McLean, Virginia]] |date=February 12, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="CNBC 2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/12/general-dynamics-to-buy-csra-for-9-point-6-billion-in-cash.html |title=General Dynamics to buy government IT contractor CSRA for $6.8 billion |agency=Reuters |work=[[CNBC]] |publisher=[[NBCUniversal Television Group#NBCUniversal News Group|NBCUniversal News Group]] |location=[[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey]] |date=February 12, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="TWSJ 2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/general-dynamics-buying-csra-for-6-8-billion-1518436856 |title=General Dynamics Buying CSRA for $6.8 Billion |first1=Doug |last1=Cameron |first2=Cara |last2=Lombardo |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |location=[[New York City]] |date=February 12, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2018 |[[Hawker Pacific Aerospace|Hawker Pacific]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-12 |title=General Dynamics' unit buys HNA's Hawker Pacific for $250 million |language=en |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hawker-pacific-m-a-general-dynamics-idUSKBN1HJ0GV |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !2018 |FWW Fahrzeugwerk GmbH<ref>{{Cite news |title=GD European Land Systems acquires Germany's FWW Fahrzeugwerk |url=https://www.asdnews.com/news/defense/2018/12/03/gd-european-land-systems-acquires-germanys-fww-fahrzeugwerk-gmbh |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=asdnews.com |language=EN}}</ref> |Combat Systems |} </div> <div style=display:inline-table> ===Divestitures=== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Divestiture !Purchaser |- !1953 |Liquid Carbonic Corporation<ref>{{cite web |url=https://explore.chicagocollections.org/marcxml/chicagohistory/30/rj49z1s/ |title=ECC {{!}} Liquid Carbonic Industries Corporation records |publisher=Chicago Collections |access-date=April 24, 2020}}</ref> |Houston Natural Gas Co. |- !1957 |Asbestos Corporation Limited |Société nationale de l'amiante (SNA) |- !1967 |[[General Atomics]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/general-atomics-history/ |title=History of General Atomics |publisher=FundingUniverse |access-date=April 24, 2020}}</ref> |[[Gulf Oil]] |- !1976 |[[Canadair]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-27 |title=General Dynamics History: Founding, Timeline, and Milestones |url=https://www.zippia.com/general-dynamics-careers-4875/history/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=zippia.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |Canadian government |- !1991 |Data Systems Division<ref name="Los Angeles Times">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-10-06-mn-432-story.html General Dynamics Sells a Third San Diego Unit]. Los Angeles Times, October 06, 1992.</ref> |[[Computer Sciences Corporation]] |- !1995 |Tactical Missiles Division |[[Hughes Aircraft Company]] |- !1992 |[[Cessna]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Cessna History 1927–1939 |url=http://cessna.com/CessnaHistory/His/History-1927-1939.html |url-status=dead |publisher=Cessna |access-date=May 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227150253/http://cessna.com/CessnaHistory/His/History-1927-1939.html |archive-date=February 27, 2011}}</ref> |[[Textron]] |- !1992 |Electronics Division<ref>{{Cite news |title=General Dynamics to sell electronics unit |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/10/05/General-Dynamics-to-sell-electronics-unit/7380718257600/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |publisher=UPI |language=en}}</ref> |[[The Carlyle Group]] |- !1993 |Fort Worth Division (F-16s)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lockheed completes acquisition of GD's Fort Worth division |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1993/03/01/Lockheed-completes-acquisition-of-GDs-Fort-Worth-division/8147730962000/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |publisher=UPI |language=en}}</ref> |[[Lockheed Corporation]] |- !1994 |Space Systems Division<ref>{{cite news |title=General Dynamics Sells Atlas Rocket Unit |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-12-23-fi-4948-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times |date=23 December 1993 |access-date=25 September 2014}}</ref> |Martin Marietta |- !1994 |Convair's aerostructure unit<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-07-02-fi-11075-story.html |title=Convair Plant in San Diego to Close by 1996: Manufacturing: Move will end 1,900 jobs and the city's long tradition of building planes |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |last=Kraul |first=Chris |date=July 2, 1994 |access-date=April 25, 2020}}</ref> |[[McDonnell Douglas]] |- !2006 |Material Service<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hanson complete acquisition of Material Service |website=Agg-Net |date=October 2006 |url=https://www.agg-net.com/news/hanson-complete-acquisition-of-material-service |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref> |Hanson |- !2007 |Freeman United Coal Mining Co.<ref>[http://www.redorbit.com/news/business/1054910/crown_ii_mine_closing_freeman_coal_sold_to_new_company Crown II Mine Closing; Freeman Coal Sold to New Company]. Red Orbit, September 4, 2007.</ref> |Springfield Coal Co. |- !2010 |Spacecraft development and manufacturing<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023171701/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9E84AEG0.htm Orbital buys General Dynamics' spacecraft business ]. BusinessWeek.</ref> |[[Orbital Sciences Corporation]] |- !2014 |Advanced Systems<ref>{{Cite web |title=StackPath |url=https://kippsdesanto.com/deals/kippsdesanto-co-advises-general-dynamics-advanced-information-systems-inc-on-the-sale-of-its-advanced-systems-line-of-business-to-macdonald-dettwiler-and-associates-ltd/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=kippsdesanto.com|date=20 October 2014 }}</ref> |[[MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates|MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates]] |- |} </div> <!-- <div style=display:inline-table> --> ==Company outline== ===Business units=== As of 2021, General Dynamics consists of ten separate businesses organised as four operating segments:{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}<!-- <ref>{{Cite web |title=General Dynamics Corporation Form 10-K|url=https://s22.q4cdn.com/891946778/files/doc_financials/2020/q4/cd96afba-ce10-45e3-94af-2e872beba115.pdf|access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> older source for 2020 data, 2021. --> ; Aerospace * [[Gulfstream Aerospace|Gulfstream]] * [[Jet Aviation]] ; Marine Systems * [[General Dynamics Electric Boat|Electric Boat]] * [[Bath Iron Works]] * [[National Steel and Shipbuilding Company|NASSCO]] ; Combat Systems * [[General Dynamics Land Systems]] * [[General Dynamics European Land Systems]] * General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems ;Technologies * GDIT * [[General Dynamics Mission Systems]] ===Corporate governance=== General Dynamics current chairman and chief executive officer is [[Phebe Novakovic|Phebe N. Novakovic]]. {| class="wikitable" |- ! '''Board Member''' || '''Role''' |- | [[Phebe Novakovic|Phebe N. Novakovic]] || Chairman and chief executive officer |- | [[James Crown|James S. Crown]] || Lead Director |- | [[Rudy de Leon|Rudy F. deLeon]] || Director |- | [[Cecil D. Haney]] || Director and chair, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee |- | Mark M. Malcolm || Director |- | [[Jim Mattis|James N. Mattis]] || Director |- | C. Howard Nye || Director and chair, Audit Committee |- | Robert K. Steel || Director and chair, Sustainability Committee |- | Catherine B. Reynolds || Director and chair, Finance and Benefit Plans Committee |- | Laura J. Schumacher || Director and chair, Compensation Committee |- | John G. Stratton || Director |- | [[Peter Wall (British Army officer)|Peter A. Wall]] || Director |- |} As of December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Corporate Governance - Board of Directors |url=https://investorrelations.gd.com/corporate-governance/board-of-directors/default.aspx |access-date=2022-12-01 |publisher=General Dynamics}}</ref> ===Financials=== General Dynamics had $30.9 billion in sales as of 2017—primarily military, but also civilian (with its Gulfstream Aerospace unit) and conventional shipbuilding and repair (with its National Steel and Shipbuilding subsidiary.)<ref>{{Cite news |title=General Dynamics |url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/general-dynamics/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615050543/http://fortune.com/fortune500/general-dynamics/ |archive-date=2019-06-15 |access-date=2018-11-10 |website=Fortune |language=en-US}}</ref> For the fiscal year 2022, General Dynamics reported net income of US$3.309 billion, with an annual revenue of US$39.407 billion, an increase of 2.44% over the previous fiscal cycle. General Dynamics's shares traded at over $254 per share in 2022, and its market capitalization was valued at US$62.46 billion in December 2022.<ref name="General Dynamics Financial Statements 2009-2023 | GD | MacroTrends">{{Cite web |title=General Dynamics Financial Statements 2005-2022 {{!}} GD |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/GD/general-dynamics/financial-statements |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=macrotrends.net}}</ref> {| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;" !Year !Revenue<br />in mil. US$ !Net income<br />in mil. US$ !Assets<br />in mil. US$ !Employees |- |2005 |20,975 |1,461 |19,700 |72,200 |- |2006 |24,063 |1,856 |22,376 |81,000 |- |2007 |27,240 |2,072 |25,733 |83,500 |- |2008 |29,300 |2,459 |28,373 |92,300 |- |2009 |31,981 |2,394 |31,077 |91,700 |- |2010 |32,466 |2,624 |32,545 |90,000 |- |2011 |32,677 |2,526 |34,883 |95,100 |- |2012 |30,992 |−332 |34,309 |92,200 |- |2013 |30,930 |2,357 |35,494 |96,000 |- |2014 |30,852 |2,533 |35,337 |99,500 |- |2015 |31,781 |3,036 |31,997 |99,900 |- |2016 |30,561 |2,572 |33,172 |98,800 |- |2017 |30,973 |2,912 |35,046 |98,600 |- |2018 |36,193 |3,345 |45,408 |105,600 |- |2019 |39,350 |3,484 |49,349 |102,900 |- |2020 |37,925 |3,167 |51,308 |100,700 |- |2021 |38,469 |3,257 |50,073 |103,100 |- |2022 |39,407 |3,390 |51,585 |106,500 |} As of January 2023.<ref name="General Dynamics Financial Statements 2009-2023 | GD | MacroTrends" /><ref>{{cite web |title=SEC EDGAR: General Dynamics |url=https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=40533&owner=exclude |access-date=2023-02-07 |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission}}</ref> === Carbon emissions === General Dynamics reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for 2021 at 696,118 mt (-8.7% year over year) and aims to reducing greenhouse gas emissions 40% by 2034. The company is on track to become carbon neutral before 2060.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.responsibilityreports.com/HostedData/ResponsibilityReports/PDF/NYSE_GD_2021.pdf |title=General Dynamics - 2021 Corporate Sustainability Report |pages=48–51}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ General Dynamics's annual total CO2e Emissions (in Metric Tons)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.responsibilityreports.com/HostedData/ResponsibilityReportArchive/g/NYSE_GD_2020.pdf |title=General Dynamics - 2020 Corporate Sustainability Report |pages=40}}</ref> |- ! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! 2019 !! 2020 !2021 |- | 901,666 || 817,293 || 821,773 || 784,264 || 794,161 || 762,200 || 696,118 |681,454 |} === Company demographics === In 2021, General Dynamics's U.S. workforce was 21% veterans, 23% female, and 27% people of color. The US Department of Labor awarded the company the 2021 HIRE Vets Gold Award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Department of Labor announces recipients of 2021 HIRE Vets Medallion Awards |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor |url=https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/vets/vets20211110 |access-date=2022-12-16}}</ref> The company has 26 Employee Resource Groups serving 10 employee segments.<ref name="Responsibility">{{Cite web |title=General Dynamics Corporation - ResponsibilityReports.com |url=https://www.responsibilityreports.com/Company/general-dynamics-corporation |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=responsibilityreports.com}}</ref> Approximately 20% of the company's employees are represented by labor unions such as [[International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers]] (IAM), The International Union, and [[United Auto Workers]] (UAW).<ref name="Responsibility" /> Independent research published by American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD), U.S. Department of Labor, ''Military Times'', ''U.S. Veterans Magazine'', ''Professional Women's Magazine'', ''Forbes'', and ''Fortune'' selected General Dynamics as a top employer.<ref name="Responsibility" /> General Dynamics' community contributions in 2021 were 70% in Education & Social Services, 18% in Arts & Culture, and 12% in Service Member Support.<ref name="Responsibility" /> == Products == ===Aircraft systems=== *[[General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark]] **[[General Dynamics-Grumman F-111B]] **[[General Dynamics F-111C]] **[[General Dynamics F-111K]] **[[General Dynamics–Grumman EF-111A Raven]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] **[[General Dynamics F-16 VISTA]] **[[General Dynamics F-16XL]] **[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon variants]] *[[Martin/General Dynamics RB-57F Canberra]] ===Marine systems=== *[[American Overseas Marine Corporation]] *[[Bath Iron Works]] *[[Electric Boat]] *[[National Steel and Shipbuilding Company]] *[[General Dynamics Quincy Shipbuilding Division|Quincy Shipbuilding Division]] (closed 1986) ===Missile systems=== *[[RIM-24 Tartar]] *[[FIM-43 Redeye]] *[[MIM-46 Mauler]] *[[RIM-66 Standard]] *[[AGM-78 Standard ARM]] *[[FIM-92 Stinger]] *[[AIM-97 Seekbat]] *[[RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile]] *[[AGM-129 ACM]] *[[Tomahawk (missile family)]] *[[BGM-109G Ground Launched Cruise Missile]] *[[SM-65 Atlas]] (CGM/HGM-16) ===Combat systems=== [[File:M1A1 Twin Bridges training area 2C Republic of Korea 1-23 Infantry.jpg|thumb|right|M1 Abrams]] [[File:Stryker ICV front q.jpg|thumb|right|Stryker]] [[File:GAU-17 machine gun fired from UH-1N Huey in 2006.jpg|thumb|right|Minigun]] *Former General Dynamics Pomona Division **[[Phalanx CIWS]] *General Dynamics Land Systems<ref>{{cite web |title=General Dynamics Land Systems |url=http://www.gdls.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970212201334/http://www.gdls.com/ |archive-date=12 February 1997 |access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref> **General Dynamics Robotic Systems<ref>{{cite web |title=General Dynamics Robotic Systems |url=http://www.gdrs.com/}}</ref> ***Autonomous Navigation System<ref>[http://www.gdrs.com/robotics/programs/program.asp?UniqueID=22 General Dynamics Robotic Systems – Autonomous Navigation System (ANS)<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403222443/http://www.gdrs.com/robotics/programs/program.asp?UniqueID=22|date=2015-04-03}}</ref> ***Mobile Detection and Assessment Response System<ref>[http://www.gdrs.com/robotics/programs/program.asp?UniqueID=27 General Dynamics Robotic Systems – Mobile Detection Assessment and Response System (MDARS)<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220135913/http://www.gdrs.com/robotics/programs/program.asp?UniqueID=27|date=2008-12-20}}</ref> ***Unmanned Surface Vehicle<ref>[http://www.gdrs.com/robotics/programs/program.asp?UniqueID=31 General Dynamics Robotic Systems – Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV)<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928063934/http://www.gdrs.com/robotics/programs/program.asp?UniqueID=31|date=2008-09-28}}</ref> ** [[Expeditionary tank]] ** [[M1 Abrams]] series main battle tank ** [[Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle]] ** [[M104 Wolverine|Heavy Assault Bridge]] program ** [[LAV III|LAV]] series ** [[Stryker]] Armored Combat Vehicle ** [[XM2001 Crusader]] self-propelled howitzer *General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081004070105/http://www.gdatp.com/ General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products (GDATP)]}}</ref> ** [[Minigun|GAU-17]] (Minigun) ** [[GAU-19]] *General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems<ref>{{cite web |date=2013-10-21 |title=General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems |url=http://www.gd-ots.com/ |access-date=2014-08-17 |publisher=Gd-ots.com}}</ref> *[[General Dynamics European Land Systems]] (GDELS)<ref>[http://www.gdels.com/about_us/our_company.asp About Us – Our Company] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220052811/http://www.gdels.com/about_us/our_company.asp|date=2015-02-20}} General Dynamics</ref> **[[Steyr-Daimler-Puch|GDELS-Steyr]] ***[[ASCOD AFV]] (Ulan) ***[[Pandur II]] **[[Mowag|GDELS-Mowag]] ***[[Mowag Duro]] ***[[Mowag Eagle]] ***[[Mowag Piranha]] **[[Santa Bárbara Sistemas|GDELS-Santa Bárbara Sistemas]] ***[[Leopard 2E]] ***[[ASCOD AFV]] (Pizarro) *General Dynamics United Kingdom Limited **[[Scout SV]] ===Information Systems and Technology=== Information Systems and Technology represent 34% of the company's revenue as of 2014.<ref>{{cite news |title=National Security Inc. |url=http://projects.washingtonpost.com/top-secret-america/articles/national-security-inc/ |access-date=10 October 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> ===Launch vehicles=== * [[Atlas (rocket family)]] **[[Atlas-Centaur]] **[[Atlas E/F]] **[[Atlas G]] **[[Atlas H]] **[[Atlas SLV-3]] **[[Atlas-Agena]] * [[NEXUS (rocket)]] space launch vehicle concept (never built) ==See also== {{Portal|Virginia|Companies}} * [[Top 100 Contractors of the U.S. federal government]] * [[List of companies headquartered in Northern Virginia]] * [[List of military aircraft of the United States]] * [[List of United States defense contractors]] * [[List of current ships of the United States Navy]] * [[List of currently active United States military land vehicles]] * [[List of shipbuilders and shipyards]] ==References== ===Citations=== {{Reflist|30em}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091026192115/http://geocities.com/gwmccue/ Patents owned by General Dynamics Corporation]. US Patent & Trademark Office. URL accessed on 5 December 2005. * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026192115/http://geocities.com/gwmccue/ |date=October 26, 2009 |title=Founder of the Electric Boat Company}} from a [[GeoCities]]-hosted website * Compton-Hall, Richard. ''The Submarine Pioneers''. Sutton Publishing, 1999. * Franklin, Roger. ''The Defender: The Story of General Dynamics''. Harper & Row, 1986. * General Dynamics. ''Dynamic America''. General Dynamics/Doubleday Publishing Company, 1960. * Goodwin, Jacob. ''Brotherhood of Arms: General Dynamics and the Business of Defending America''. Random House, 1985. * Pederson, Jay P. (Ed.). ''International Directory of Company Histories'', Volume 40. St. James Press, March 2001. {{ISBN|1-55862-445-7}}. (General Dynamics section, pp. 204–210). See also ''International Directory of Company Histories'', Volume 86. St. James Press, July 2007. {{ISBN|1-4144-2970-3}} (General Dynamics/Electric Boat Corporation section, pp. 136–139). * Morris, Richard Knowles. ''John P. Holland 1841–1914, Inventor of the Modern Submarine''. The University of South Carolina Press, 1998. (Book originally copyrighted and published by the United States Naval Institute Press, 1966.) * Morris, Richard Knowles. ''Who Built Those Subs?''. United States Naval Institute Press, October 1998. (125th Anniversary issue) * Rodengen, Jeffrey. ''The Legend of Electric Boat, Serving The Silent Service''. Write Stuff Syndicate, 1994. Account revised in 2007. {{Refend}} ==External links== {{commons category|General Dynamics}} * [http://www.gd.com/ Official General Dynamics web site] * [http://www.gdels.com/ General Dynamics European Land Systems (Gdels.com) site] {{Finance links | name = General Dynamics | symbol = GD | sec_cik = 40533 | yahoo = GD | google = GD }} {{General Dynamics}} {{Convair/GD aircraft}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:General Dynamics| ]] [[Category:Defense companies of the United States]] [[Category:Conglomerate companies of the United States]] [[Category:Aerospace companies of the United States]] [[Category:Aircraft manufacturers of the United States]] [[Category:Information technology companies of the United States]] [[Category:Shipbuilding companies of the United States]] [[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the United States]] [[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Virginia]] [[Category:Companies based in Reston, Virginia]] [[Category:American companies established in 1893]] [[Category:Conglomerate companies established in 1893]] [[Category:Electronics companies established in 1893]] [[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1893]] [[Category:Technology companies established in 1893]] [[Category:1952 establishments in Virginia]] [[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies in the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats]] [[Category:Science and technology in Virginia]] [[Category:Companies involved in the Gaza war]]
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