Editing List of contemporary ethnic groups

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2022}}

The following is a '''list of contemporary ethnic groups'''. There has been constant debate over the classification of [[ethnic group]]s. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared [[ancestry]], [[history]], [[homeland]], [[language|language or dialect]] and [[cultural heritage]]; where the term "[[culture]]" specifically includes aspects such as [[religion]], [[myth]]ology and [[ritual]], [[cuisine]], [[national dress|dressing (clothing) style]] and other factors.

By the nature of the concept, ethnic groups tend to be divided into subgroups, may themselves be or not be identified as independent ethnic groups depending on the source consulted.

==Ethnic groups==
{{Dynamic list}}
{{See also|List of languages by number of native speakers}}
The following groups are commonly identified as "ethnic groups", as opposed to [[Ethnolinguistics|ethno-linguistic]] phyla, national groups, [[Race (human categorization)|racial groups]] or similar.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook|first=David|last=Levinson|year=1998|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-57356-019-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicgroupsworl00levi}}</ref><ref>Goran Burenhult, ''Traditional Peoples Today: Continuity and Change in the Modern World'' Illustrated History of Humankind, vol. 5 (1994).</ref>

{{Compact TOC|name=no|allowtoc=yes}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|+
! style="width:8%" | Ethnicity
! style="width:25%" | Language(s)
! style="width:12%" | Primary homeland
! style="width:25%" | Subgroups, tribes & castes
! style="width:20%" | Religion(s) 
|- id=A
| [[Kisii people|Abagusii]]
| [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Gusii language|Gusii]]
| [[Kenya]] ([[Kisii County]])
|
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religion]]
|-
| [[Abazins]]
| [[Northwest Caucasian languages|Northwest Caucasian]] → [[Abazgi languages|Abazgi]] → [[Abaza language|Abaza]]
| Russia ([[Abazinia]])
| Significant populations in Turkey, [[Egypt]], and Russia
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Abelam people|Abelam]]
| [[Sepik languages|Sepik]] → [[Ndu languages|Ndu]] → [[Abelam language|Abelam]] 
| [[Papua New Guinea]] ([[East Sepik Province|East Sepik]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Abenaki]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Abenaki language|Western Abenaki]], historically [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Abenaki language|Eastern Abenaki]]
| Canada ([[Quebec]]), United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont)
|
| [[Abenaki mythology|Abenaki religion]]
|-
| [[Abkhazians]] 
| [[Northwest Caucasian languages|Northwest Caucasian]] → [[Abazgi languages|Abazgi]] → [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]]
| [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] ([[Abkhazia]])<ref name="Circassian genocide" group="note">Following the [[Caucasian War]], the majority of Circassians and Abkhazians [[Circassian genocide|were deported]] to Turkey.</ref>
| [[Sadz]], [[Abkhazians of African descent|Afro-Abkhazians]], Byzb, Abzhui, Samurzakan
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Abkhazian Orthodox Church|Abkhazian Orthodoxy]]; Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Acehnese people|Acehnese]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Chamic languages|Chamic]] → [[Acehnese language|Acehnese]]
| Indonesia ([[Aceh]])
| [[Overseas Acehnese|Significant populations]] in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the United States
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Achagua people|Achagua]]
| [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]] → [[Upper Amazon Arawakan languages|Upper Amazon Arawakan]] → [[Achawa language|Achagua]]
| [[Colombia]] ([[Meta Department|Meta]]), [[Venezuela]]
|
| [[Ethnic religion|Traditional religion]], Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Aché]]
| [[Tupian languages|Tupian]] → [[Guarani languages|Guarani]] → [[Aché language|Aché]]
| [[Paraguay]]
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Acholi people|Acholi]] 
| [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Luo languages|Luo]] → [[Acholi language|Acholi]] 
| [[South Sudan]], [[Uganda]] ([[Northern Region, Uganda|Acholiland]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Adjoukrou people|Adjoukrou]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Kwa languages|Kwa]] → [[Adjukru language|Adjukru]]
| [[Ivory Coast]] ([[Dabou]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Afar people|Afar]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] → [[Afar language|Afar]]
| [[Djibouti]], [[Eritrea]], Ethiopia ([[Afar Region|Afaria]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Afemai people|Afemai]]
| [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → [[Edoid languages|Edoid]] → [[Afenmai language|Afenmai]]
| Nigeria ([[Edo State]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Afghan Tatars]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Tatar language|Tatar]] → Afghan Tatar; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Dari]], [[Pashto]]; [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Karluk languages|Karluk]] → [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]; [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]]
| Afghanistan ([[Afghan Turkestan]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]] → [[Hanafi school|Hanafism]]
|-
| [[African Americans|African-Americans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[American English]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[French-based creole languages|French Creole]] → [[Louisiana Creole]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[English-based creole languages|English Creole]] → [[Gullah language|Gullah]], [[Afro-Seminole Creole]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → ASLic → [[American Sign Language|American Sign]] → [[Black American Sign Language|Black American Sign]]
| [[Southern United States]], [[Mexico]] ([[Coahuila]])
| [[Black Southerners]], [[Creoles of color]], [[Black Indians in the United States|Black Native Americans]] (including [[Freedmen (ethnic group)|Freedmen]] (including [[Black Seminoles]] (including [[Mascogos]]), [[Cherokee#Cherokee Freedmen|Cherokee Freedmen]], [[Choctaw freedmen|Choctaw Freedmen]], [[Creek Freedmen]])), [[Gullah]], [[Samaná Americans]], [[Affrilachia]]ns, [[Afro-Romani|Afro-Romani Americans]], along with [[African-American diaspora|significant populations]] in [[African Americans in France|France]], [[African Americans in Africa|Africa]] (including [[African Americans in Ghana|Ghana]]), [[African Americans in Israel|Israel]], and [[African Americans in Canada|Canada]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Black church]]; [[Hoodoo (spirituality)|Hoodoo]]; [[African-American Muslims|Islam]]
|-
| [[Afrikaners]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Dutch language|Dutch]] → [[Afrikaans]]
| South Africa
| 
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Calvinism]]
|-
| [[Afro-Anguillians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[English-based creole languages|English-based creoles]] → [[Antiguan and Barbudan Creole]] → [[Anguillian Creole]]
| [[Anguilla]]
| 
| Christianity
|-
| [[Afro–Antiguans and Barbudans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Antiguan and Barbudan English]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[English-based creole languages|English-based creoles]] → [[Antiguan and Barbudan Creole]]
| [[Antigua and Barbuda]]
|[[Barbudans]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]] → [[Anglicanism]], [[Methodism]], [[Calvinism]], [[Baptists|Baptist]];
|-
| [[Afro-Argentines]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Rioplatense Spanish]]
| [[Argentina]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Afro-Arubans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Portuguese-based creole languages|Portuguese-based creoles]] → [[Papiamento]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[English language|English]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| [[Aruba]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Afro-Bahamian]]s
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Bahamian English]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[English-based creole languages|English-based creoles]] → [[Bahamian Creole]]
| [[The Bahamas]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Afro-Barbadian]]s
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Bajan English]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[English-based creole languages|English-based creoles]] → [[Bajan Creole]]
| [[Barbados]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Black Bermudians|Afro-Bermudians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Bermudian English]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[English-based creole languages|English-based creoles]] → [[Jamaican Patois]] → [[Bermudian English#Bermudian Creole|Bermudian Creole]]
| [[Bermuda]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Afro-Bolivians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Bolivian Spanish]]
| [[Bolivia]] ([[Bolivian Yungas]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Afro-Brazilians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] → [[Brazilian Portuguese]], [[Cafundó language|Cafundó]]
| Brazil
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Afro-Chileans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] →  [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Chilean Spanish]]
| [[Chile]] ([[Arica y Parinacota Region]], [[Tarapacá Region]] and [[Santiago Metropolitan Region]])
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Afro-Colombians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Colombian Spanish]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Spanish-based creole languages|Spanish-based creole]] → [[Palenquero]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[English-based creole languages|English-based creole]] → [[San Andres-Providencia Creole]]
| [[Colombia]] ([[Pacific/Chocó natural region|Pacific region]], [[Caribbean region of Colombia|Caribbean region]])
| [[Palenquero|Palenques]], [[Raizal]]s
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Afro–Costa Ricans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish languages|Spanish]] → [[Costa Rican Spanish]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[English-based creole languages|English-based creole]] → [[Limonese Creole]] 
| [[Costa Rica]] ([[Puerto Limon]], [[San José, Costa Rica|San Jose]], [[Alajuela, Costa Rica|Alajuela]], [[Heredia, Costa Rica|Heredia]])
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Afro-Cubans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Cuban Spanish]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]; [[Cuban Sign Language]]; [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → [[Yoruboid languages|Yoruboid]] → [[Lucumí language|Lucumí]]; [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] and [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Kongo language|Kongo]] and [[Bozal Spanish]] → [[Habla Congo]]
| [[Cuba]]
| [[Ganga-Longoba]], [[Afro-Romani#Cuba|Afro-Cuban Roma]]
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]]; [[Islam]]; [[African diaspora religions|Afro-American religions]]: [[Abakuá]], [[Arará religion]], [[Cuban Vodú]], [[Palo (religion)|Palo]], [[Santería]]
|-
| [[Afro-Curaçaoans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[English language|English]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Portuguese-based creole languages|Portuguese-based creole]] → [[Papiamento]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| [[Curaçao]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Afro-Dominicans (Dominica)|Afro-Dominicans]] (Dominica)
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[French-based creole languages|French-based creole]] → [[Dominican Creole French]]
| [[Dominica]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]; [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Afro-Dominicans]] (Dominican Republic)
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Dominican Spanish]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Samaná English]]
| [[Dominican Republic]]
| [[Samaná Americans]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]], [[Catholicism]]; [[Dominican Vudú]]
|-
| [[Afro-Ecuadorians]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]] (adopted language)
| [[Ecuador]] ([[Esmeraldas Province]], [[Guayaquil]], [[Valle del Chota]], [[Imbabura Province]] [[Sucumbíos Province]])
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Afro-Grenadians]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[English language|English]] → [[Grenadian Creole English]]<br>[[French language|French]] (adopted language) →  → [[Patois]]
| [[Grenada]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]; [[Protestantism]] → [[Anglicanism]], [[Methodism]], [[Calvinism]], [[Baptists|Baptist]], etc; [[African diaspora religions|Afro-American religions]]; [[Traditional African religions]]; [[Islam]]
|-
| [[Afro-Guatemalans]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]] (adopted language)<br>[[English language|English]] (adopted language)<br>[[Garifuna language|Garifuna]] (adopted language) 
| [[Guatemala]] ([[Livingston, Guatemala|Livingston]] (Garifuna settlement), [[Puerto Barrios]] and [[Santo Tomás de Castilla|Santo Tomas]])
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Afro-Guyanese]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[English language|English]] (adopted language)→ [[Guyanese Creole]]
| [[Guyana]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]; [[Protestantism]] → [[Anglicanism]], [[Methodism]], [[Calvinism]], [[Baptists|Baptist]], etc; [[African diaspora religions|Afro-American religions]]; [[Traditional African religions]]; [[Islam]]; [[Rastafari]]; [[Comfa]]
|-
| [[Afro-Haitians|Afro-Haitian]]s
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[French language|French]] (adopted language) → [[Haitian Creole]]
| [[Haiti]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]; [[Islam]]; [[Haitian Voudou]]
|-
| [[Afro-Hondurans]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]] (adopted language)<br>[[English language|English]] → [[Bay Islands English]] (adopted language)<br>[[Garifuna language|Garifuna]] (adopted language)<br> [[Miskito language|Miskito]] (adopted language)
| [[Honduras]] 
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Afro-Jamaicans|Afro-Jamaican]]s
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[English language|English]] (adopted language)→ [[Jamaican English]], [[Jamaican Patois]]
| [[Jamaica]]
|
| Christianity; [[Convince]]; [[Jamaican Maroon religion]]; [[Kumina]]; [[Rastafari]]; [[Judaism]]
|-
| [[Afro–Kittitians and Nevisians]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[English language|English]] (adopted language)
| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
|
| [[Christianity]]; [[Rastafari]]
|-
| [[Afro-Mexicans]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Mexican Spanish]]
| [[Mexico]] ([[Costa Chica of Guerrero|Guerrero]], [[Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán|Lázaro Cárdenas]], [[Huetamo]], [[Costa Region|Oaxaca]], [[Veracruz]], [[Greater Mexico City]], [[Guadalajara]] and [[Múzquiz Municipality]])
| [[Mascogos]]
| [[Christianity]] → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]]; [[Afro-American religions]]
|-
| [[Afro-Nicaraguans]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br> [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Nicaraguan Spanish]], [[Miskito Coast Creole]]
| [[Nicaragua]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
|[[Afro-Panamanians]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[Spanish languages|Spanish]] (adopted language) → [[Panamanian Spanish]]<br>[[English language|English]] → [[Bocas del Toro Creole]]
| [[Panama]] 
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Afro-Paraguayans]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]] (adopted language)
| [[Paraguay]] ([[Central Department]], [[Paraguari Department]] and [[Cordillera, Paraguay|Cordillera Department]])
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Afro-Peruvians]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]] (adopted language)
| [[Peru]] ([[Lima Region|Lima]], [[Piura Region|Piura]], [[Lambayeque Region|Lambayeque]], [[Tumbes Region|Tumbes]] and [[Ica Region|Ica]])
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]]; [[Buddhism]]; [[Animism]], etc
|-
| [[Afro-Puerto Ricans]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]] (adopted language) → [[Bozal Spanish]] (dialect possibly extinct)<br>[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] → [[Lucumí language|Lucumí]] (lithurgical language)<br>[[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kongo language|Kongo]] → [[Habla Congo]] (lithurgical language)
| United States ([[Puerto Rico]])
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]]; [[African diaspora religions]]; [[Animism]], etc
|-
| [[Afro–Saint Lucians]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[English language|English]] (adopted language)<br>[[French language|French]] (adopted language) → [[Saint Lucian Creole]]  
| [[Saint Lucia]]
|
| [[Christianity]]; [[Kélé]]
|-
| [[Afro-Salvadorans]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]] (adopted language)
| [[El Salvador]] ([[Sonsonate, El Salvador|Sonsonate]], [[Ahuachapán]], [[San Miguel, El Salvador|San Miguel]], and [[La Unión, El Salvador|La Unión]])
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]]; [[African diaspora religions]]; [[Rastafari]]
|-
| [[Afro-Surinamese]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br> [[Dutch language|Dutch]] (adopted language)<br>[[English language|English]] (adopted language) → [[Sranan Tongo]], [[Aukan language|Aukan]], [[Kwinti language|Kwinti]]<br>[[English language|English]] + [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] → [[Saramaccan language|Saramaccan]] 
| [[Suriname]]
| 
| Christianity, [[Winti]]
|-
| [[Afro–Trinidadians and Tobagonians]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[English language|English]] (adopted language) → [[Trinidadian Creole]], [[Tobagonian Creole]]<br>[[French language|French]] (adopted language) → [[Antillean Creole]]<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]] (adopted language)  
| [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]] and [[Protestantism]]; [[African diaspora religions|Afro-American religions]]; [[Traditional African religions]]; [[Islam]]; etc
|-
| [[Afro-Turks]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Ottoman Empire<br>[[Turkish language|Turkish]] (adopted language)
| Turkey
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Afro-Uruguayans]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[Spanish languages|Spanish]] (adopted language) → [[Rioplatense Spanish]]<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]] + [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] → [[Portuñol]]
| [[Uruguay]] 
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]]; etc
|-
| [[Afro-Venezuelans]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[Spanish languages|Spanish]] (adopted language) 
| [[Venezuela]] ([[Venezuelan Caribbean]] and [[Barlovento, Venezuela|Barlovento]])
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]]; [[Birongo]]; Cult to [[María Lionza]]
|-
| [[Afro-Vincentians]]
|Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[English language|English]] (adopted language) → [[Vincentian Creole]],
| [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
|
| [[Christianity]]
|-
| [[Afro–Virgin Islanders]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br> [[English language|English]] (adopted language) → [[Virgin Islands Creole]]<br>[[Dutch language|Dutch]] (adopted language)<br>[[French language|French]] (adopted language)<br>Historically [[Dutch language|Dutch]] → [[Dutch-based creole languages|Zeelandic-based creole]] → [[Negerhollands]]
| [[Virgin Islands]] (United Kingdom, United States), [[SSS islands]] (Netherlands, France)
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Agaw people|Agaw]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] → [[Agaw languages|Agaw]]<ref name="Language family" group="note">Language family; with some exceptions, all speakers of the various languages within this family are typically seen as one singular ethnicity.</ref>
| [[Horn of Africa]] (Ethiopia, [[Eritrea]])<ref name="non-contiguous" group="note">Non-contiguous homeland. Throughout most of its history (if not its entire history), this ethnic group has lived in separate, isolated communities scattered throughout the countries/subdivisions listed.</ref>
| [[Bilen people|Bilen]], [[Xamtanga language|Ximre]], [[Awi people|Awi]], [[Qemant people|Qemant]]
| Christianity → [[Oriental Orthodoxy]] → [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Aghul people|Aghuls]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Lezgic languages|Lezgic]] → [[Aghul language|Aghul]]
| Russia ([[Dagestan]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival|last=Williams|first=Victoria R.|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2020|isbn=9781440861178|pages=30|language=En|url=https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|volume=4|access-date=10 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518192508/https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|archive-date=18 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ahom people|Ahoms]]
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]] → [[Tai languages|Tai]] → [[Ahom language|Ahom]]<ref name="Assam" group="note">[[People of Assam|Assamese ethnic group]]; the vast majority only speak [[Assamese language|Assamese]].</ref>
| India ([[Assam]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]])
|
| [[Hinduism]], [[Ahom religion]]
|-
| [[Ahtna]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Ahtna language|Ahtna]]
| United States ([[Alaska]])
|
| Christianity, [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Aikana people|Aikana]]
| [[Aikana language]]
| Brazil ([[Rondonia]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Aimaq people|Aimaq]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Aimaq dialect|Aimaq]]
| Afghanistan
| [[Aimaq Hazara]], [[Firozkohi]], [[Jamshidi (Aimaq tribe)|Jamshidi]], [[Kipchak (Aimaq tribe)|Aimaq Kipchaks]], [[Timuri]], [[Taymani]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Ainu people|Ainus]]
| [[Ainu languages|Ainu]] → [[Ainu language|Hokkaido Ainu]]; historically [[Ainu languages|Ainu]] → [[Sakhalin Ainu language|Sakhalin Ainu]], [[Kuril Ainu language|Kuril Ainu]]
| Japan ([[Hokkaido]], [[Tōhoku region]]), Russia ([[Sakhalin]], [[Kamchatka Peninsula]], [[Khabarovsk Krai]]), [[Kuril Islands]] (Russia or Japan)
| [[Ainu people#Subgroups|Hokkaido Ainu]]s (including [[Ishikari Ainu]]s, [[Menasunkur Ainu]]s, [[Sumunkur Ainu]]s, and [[Uchiura Ainu]]s), [[Ainu people#Subgroups|Tokyo Ainu]]s, [[Ainu people#Subgroups|Sakhalin Ainu]]s, [[Ainu in Russia|Russian Ainu]]s
| [[Animism]] → [[Religion in Japan#Ainu folk religion|Ainu folk religion]]; [[Buddhism]] → [[Nichiren Shōshū]]; [[Shinto]]; Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Aja people|Aja]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Kwa languages|Kwa]] → [[Adja language|Adja]]
| [[Benin]], [[Togo]]
|
| [[West African Vodun]]
|-
| [[Aka people|Aka]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Aka language|Aka]]
| [[Central African Republic]], [[Republic of the Congo]]
|
| [[Traditional African religions|Traditional Aka religion]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival|last=Williams|first=Victoria R.|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2020|isbn=9781440861178|pages=47|language=En|url=https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|volume=4|access-date=10 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518192508/https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|archive-date=18 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Akan people|Akans]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Kwa languages|Kwa]] → [[Central Tano languages|Central Tano]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">Although Akan is the principal language of the Akan people, the Akan language has only [[Akan Orthography Committee|recently been standardized]]. The majority of Akan people still speak their [[Central Tano languages|local dialects]], which are usually considered by linguists to be separate languages altogether.</ref> [[Avikam language|Avikam]]–[[Alladian language|Alladian]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Potou–Tano languages|Potou]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Abé language|Abé]], [[Abidji language|Abidji]], [[Attie language|Attie]], [[Ega language|Ega]];<ref name="Olson 1996">{{cite book|last=Olson|first=James Stuart|title=The peoples of Africa: an ethnohistorical dictionary|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Santa Barbara, CA|year=1996|pages=18|isbn=978-0-313-27918-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MdaAdBC-_S4C&q=%22AKAN.+The+Akan%22&pg=PA41}}</ref> [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[American Sign Language|American Sign]] → [[Varieties of American Sign Language#Ghanaian Sign Language|Ghanaian Sign]]; [[Adamorobe Sign Language|Adamorobe Sign]]; [[Nanabin Sign Language|Nanabin Sign]]
| [[Ghana]] ([[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]])<ref group="note">Due to historical migrations, about half of the Akan population reside in [[Ivory Coast]].</ref>
| [[Abbé people|Abbé]], [[Abidji people|Abidji]], [[Ahafo]], [[Ahanta people|Ahanta]], [[Akuapem people|Akuapem]], [[Akwamu people|Akwamu]], [[Akyem]], [[Alladian language|Alladian]], [[Anyi people|Anyi]], [[Ashanti people|Ashanti]], [[Assin]], [[Attie people|Attie]], [[Avikam people|Avikam]], [[Baoulé people|Baoulé]], [[Bono people|Bonos]], [[Chakosi people|Chakosi]], [[Ega language|Egas]], [[Evalue people|Evalue]], [[Fante people|Fante]], [[M'Bato]], [[Nzema people|Nzema]], [[Sefwi people|Sefwi]] (including [[House of Israel (Ghana)|House of Israel]]), [[Tchaman]], [[Wasa people|Wasa]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Akha people|Akha]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Loloish languages|Loloish]] → [[Akha language|Akha]]
| China ([[Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County|Pu'er]] and [[Xishuangbanna]])<ref group="note">Some time around 1860s, many Akha have been migrating to Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand. Today, the majority reside outside of China.</ref>
| [[Akeu language|Akeu]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Akhvakh people|Akhvakhs]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Avar–Andic languages|Avar–Andic]] → [[Akhvakh language|Akhvakh]]
| Russia ([[Dagestan]]), [[Azerbaijan]] ([[Zagatala District]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Akie people|Akie]]
| [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Kalenjin languages|Kalenjin]] → [[Akie people#Language|Akie]]<br> [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Maasai language|Maasai]] (adopted language)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival|last=Williams|first=Victoria R.|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2020|isbn=9781440861178|pages=56|language=En|url=https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|volume=4|access-date=10 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518192508/https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|archive-date=18 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Manyara Region]])
|
| [[Traditional African religions|Traditional Akie religion]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival|last=Williams|first=Victoria R.|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2020|isbn=9781440861178|pages=58|language=En|url=https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|volume=4|access-date=10 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518192508/https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|archive-date=18 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Alabama people|Alabamas]]
| [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] → Alabama–Koasati → [[Alabama language|Alabama]]<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
| United States ([[Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town]], [[Alabama–Coushatta Tribe of Texas|Alabama–Coushatta Reservation]])<ref name="Trail of Tears" group="note" />
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]; [[Ethnic religion]]
|-
| [[Alavi Bohras]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] → [[Lisan ud-Dawat]]
| India ([[Gujarat]])
|
| Islam → [[Shia Islam]] → [[Isma'ilism]]
|-
| [[Albanians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Albanoid]] → [[Albanian language|Albanian]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><br> [[Albanian Sign Language]]<br> [[French Sign Language|Francosign]] → Austro-Hungarian Sign → [[Yugoslav Sign Language|Yugoslav Sign]]
| [[Southeastern Europe]]
| [[Ghegs]] (including [[Arbanasi people|Arbanasi]] and [[Kosovo Albanians|Kosovars]]), [[Tosks]] (including [[Arbereshe people|Arbereshe]], [[Cham Albanians]], [[Arvanites]], [[Labëria|Lab Albanians]]), [[Albanian tribes]], along with [[Albanian diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Albanians in Turkey|Turkey]], [[Albanians in Egypt|Egypt]], [[Albanians in Syria|Syria]], [[Albanians in France|France]], the [[Albanians in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] [[Albanians in Italy|Italy]], [[Albanians in Spain|Spain]], [[Albanians in Germany|Germany]], the [[Albanians in the Netherlands|Netherlands]], [[Albanians in Austria|Austria]], [[Albanians in Belgium|Belgium]], [[Albanians in the Nordic countries|Nordic countries]], [[Albanians in Switzerland|Switzerland]], [[Albanians in Greece|Greece]] (including [[Albanians of Western Thrace|Western Thrace]]), [[Albanians in Ukraine|Ukraine]], [[Albanians in Romania|Romania]], [[Albanians in Hungary|Hungary]], [[Albanians of Croatia|Croatia]], [[Albanians in Montenegro|Montenegro]], [[Albanians in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Albanians in Serbia|Serbia]], [[Albanians in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Albanians in North Macedonia|North Macedonia]], [[Albanian Australians|Australia]], [[Albanians in Canada|Canada]], and the [[Albanian Americans|United States]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]], Islam → [[Sufism]] → [[Bektashism]], Christianity
|-
| [[Aleuts]]
| [[Eskaleut languages|Eskaleut]] → [[Aleut language|Aleut]]
| [[Aleutian Islands]] (United States, Russia)
| [[Agdaagux Tribe of King Cove Alaska|Agdaagux Tribe]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Alexandrian Greek Christians]]
| Historically [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Hellenic languages|Hellenic]]<br>[[Arabic language|Arabic]] → [[Egyptian Arabic]] (adopted language)
| [[Egypt]]
|
| [[Christianity]] → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Greek Orthodoxy]] → [[Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria]], [[Catholicism]] → [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Melkite Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Altai people|Altaians]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Southern Altai language|Southern Altai]], [[Northern Altai language|Northern Altai]]
| Russia ([[Altai Republic]] and [[Altai Krai]]), [[Mongolia]] ([[Altai Mountains]]), China ([[Altay Prefecture]])
|
| [[Altai people#Religion|Altai faith]]
|-
| [[Alur people|Alur]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Alur language|Alur]]
| [[Uganda]] ([[West Nile sub-region]]), [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ([[Ituri Province]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Alutiiq]]
| [[Eskaleut languages|Eskaleut]] → Eskimo → [[Alutiiq language|Alutiiq]]
| United States (Alaska)
| [[Chugach]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Alyutors]]
| [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages|Chukotko-Kamchatkan]] → [[Chukotkan languages|Chukotkan]] → [[Alyutor language|Alyutor]]
| Russia ([[Koryak Okrug]])
| 
| [[Shamanism]], Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Ambonese Malay|Ambonese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Ambonese Malay]]
| Indonesia ([[Ambon Island]]) 
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Calvinism]]
|-
| [[Ambundu]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kimbundu]]
| [[Angola]]
| 
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Amdang people|Amdang]]
| [[Fur languages|Furan]] → [[Amdang language|Amdang]]
| [[Sudan]] ([[West Darfur]]), [[Chad]] ([[Wadi Fira (region)|Wadi Fira]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Americo-Liberian people|Americo-Liberians]]
| Various languages of different African ethnic groups (originally, descendants of African-American slaves who were freed and returned to Africa)<br> 
[[English language|English]] (adopted language)<br> [[English language|English]] → [[Merico language|Merico]]<br>[[English language|English]] → [[Liberian Kreyol language|Liberian Kreyol]]
| [[Liberia]]
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Amhara people|Amhara]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] → [[Ethiopian Semitic languages|Ethiopic]] → [[Amharic]] 
| Ethiopia ([[Amhara Region|Amharia]])
|
| Christianity → [[Oriental Orthodoxy]] → [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Amis people|Amis]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Formosan languages|Formosan]] → [[Amis language|Amis]]
| Taiwan ([[Taitung County|Taitung]] and [[Hualien County|Hualien]] Counties)
|
| [[Animism]], Christianity
|-
| [[Amish]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Pennsylvania Dutch language|Pennsylvania Dutch]]
| [[United States]]
|
| [[Christianity]] → [[Anabaptism]]
|-
| [[Amung people|Amung]]
| [[Trans-New Guinea]] → [[Amung language|Amung]]
| Indonesia ([[Mimika]], [[Puncak]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Andi people|Andis]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Avar–Andic languages|Avar–Andic]] → [[Andi language|Andi]]
| Russia ([[Dagestan]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Aneuk Jamee people|Aneuk Jamee]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]] → [[Aneuk Jamee#language|Aneuk Jamee]]<ref name="Aneuk Jamee" group="note">Due to the influence of assimilation into Acehnese culture, most Aneuk Jamee people use [[Acehnese language|Acehnese]] as their everyday language.</ref>
| Indonesia ([[Aceh]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Anglo-Americans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[American English|United States English]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → ASLic → [[American Sign Language|American Sign]]
| United States
| [[New England|New England Americans]], [[Mid-Atlantic (United States)|Middle Atlantic Americans]], [[Midwestern United States|Midwestern Americans]], [[Culture of the Southern United States|Southern Americans]], [[Western American English|Western Americans]]
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]] → [[Anglicanism]], [[Methodism]], [[Calvinism]], [[Evangelicalism]]
|-
| [[Anglo-Burmese people|Anglo-Burmese]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]], [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Lolo-Burmese languages|Lolo-Burmese]] → [[Burmese language|Burmese]], [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] → [[Karenic languages|Karenic]] → [[S'gaw Karen language|Karen]]
| [[Myanmar]]
| Significant population in [[Western Australia]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]] → [[Church of the Province of Myanmar|Anglicanism]]; [[Buddhism]]
|-
| [[English Canadians|Anglo-Canadians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Canadian English]], [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → ASLic → [[American Sign Language|American Sign]]
| Canada
| [[Ontario|Ontarians]], [[English in Quebec|Anglo-Quebecers]], [[Nova Scotia]]ns, [[New Brunswick]]ers, [[Manitoba]]ns, [[British Columbia]]ns, [[Prince Edward Island]]ers, [[Saskatchewan]]ians, [[Alberta]]ns, [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundlanders]], [[Labrador]]ians, [[Northwest Territories|Northwest Territorians]], [[Yukon]]ers, [[Nunavut|Anglo-Nunavummiut]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Anglicanism]], [[Methodism]], [[Calvinism]]; [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Anglo-Celtic Australians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Australian English]]
| Australia
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-Europeans]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]
| India
| Significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, and [[Bangladesh]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Anglo-Irish people|Anglo-Irish]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Hiberno-English]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Irish Sign Language|Irish Sign]], [[BANZSL]] → [[British Sign Language|British Sign]]; [[BANZSL]] → [[British Sign Language|British Sign]] → [[Northern Ireland Sign Language|Northern Ireland Sign]]
| Ireland
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Anglicanism]]
|-
| [[English New Zealanders|Anglo-New Zealanders]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[New Zealand English]]
| New Zealand
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Anglicanism]]
|-
| [[British diaspora in Africa#South Africa|Anglo-South Africans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[South African English]]
| South Africa
| Significant populations in the [[South Africans in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], [[South African Australians|Australia]], [[South African New Zealanders|New Zealand]], [[South African Canadians|Canada]], and the [[South African Americans|United States]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Angu]]
| [[Trans-New Guinea]] → [[Angan languages|Angan]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Papua New Guinea]] ([[Kratke Range]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Anindilyakwa people|Anindilyakwa]] 
| [[Macro-Gunwingyuan languages|East Arnhem]] → [[Anindilyakwa language|Anindilyakwa]]–[[Nunggubuyu language|Nunggubuyu]] → [[Anindilyakwa language|Anindilyakwa]]
| Australia ([[Groote Eylandt]], [[Bickerton Island]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Antakirinja people|Antakirinja]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Wati languages|Wati]] → [[Antakarinya language|Antakarinya]]
| Australia ([[South Australia]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Antiochian Greek Christians]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Arabic]] → [[Levantine Arabic]] (adopted), historically [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Hellenic languages|Hellenic]]
| [[Levant]] ([[Lebanon]], [[Syria]], [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], [[Palestine]], [[Turkey]] ([[Hatay]]))
| [[Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem|Jerusalemite Greek Christians]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Greek Orthodoxy]] → [[Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch]], [[Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem]], [[Catholicism]] → [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Melkite Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Anuak people|Anuak]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Anuak language|Anuak]]
| Ethiopia ([[Anuak Zone|Anuakia]]), [[South Sudan]] ([[Boma State|Boma]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Apache]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Southern Athabaskan languages|Apachean]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">With the exception of Navajo, all Apachean speakers are seen as one ethnicity. However, due to a history of [[Cultural assimilation of Native Americans|forced assimilation]] by the American government, the majority can only speak [[American English|English]].</ref>
| United States ([[Apacheria]])
| [[Chiricahua]], [[Jicarilla Apache|Jicarilla]], [[Lipan Apache people|Lipan]], [[Mescalero]], [[Salinero Apaches|Salinero]], [[Plains Apache]], [[Western Apache people|Western Apache]]
| [[Native American religions]] → [[Native American Church]]
|-
| [[Apanyekra]]
| [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Je]] → [[Jê languages|Je]] → [[Canela dialect|Canela]]
| Brazil ([[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast Region]])
|
| [[Ethnic religion]]
|-
| [[Apinajé people|Apinajé]]
| [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Je]] → [[Jê languages|Je]] → [[Apinayé language|Apinayé]]
| Brazil ([[Tocantins]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Arabs]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] → [[Arabic]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Arab sign-language family|Arab Sign]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language|Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign]]; [[Kafr Qasem Sign Language|Kafr Qasem Sign]]; [[Sudanese sign languages]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> historically [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Arabic]] → [[Siculo-Arabic|Sicilian Arabic]] and [[Shirvani Arabic]]
| [[West Asia]] (especially the [[Arabian Peninsula]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arab {{!}} Description, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arab|access-date=17 October 2022|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> and [[Syrian Desert]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/download/a-manual-of-the-historical-grammar-of-arabic-notes-on-key-issues-in-phonology-an/A%20Manual%20of%20the%20Historical%20Grammar%20of%20Arabic%20Notes%20on%20key%20issues%20in%20phonology%20and%20morphology%20Ahmad%20Al-Jallad.pdf|title=A manual of the historical grammar of Arabic|publisher=Ahmad Al Jallad|access-date=13 October 2022}}</ref> [[North Africa]], [[Sahel]]
| [[Bedouin]]s (including [[Palestinian Bedouin]]s (including [[Jahalin Bedouin]]s, [[Negev Bedouin]]s (including [[Al-Sayyid, Israel|Al-Sayyid]] Bedouins and [[Hanajira]]), [[Galilee Bedouin]]s, [[Ta'amreh]]), [[Tarabin Bedouin]]s, [[Bedul]], [[Beni Ades]], [[Liyathnah]]), [[Arab citizens of Israel|Israeli Arabs]], [[Palestinians]] (including [[Palestinian Christians]], [[Palestinian Baháʼís]], [[Islam in Palestine|Palestinian Muslims]] (including [[Palestinian Metawalis]]), [[Palestinian Bedouin]]s (including [[Jahalin Bedouin]]s), and [[Afro-Palestinians]]), [[Egypt|Egyptian Arabs]] (including [[Sa'idi people|Upper Egyptian Arabs]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Abu-Lughod | first = Lila | author-link = Lila Abu-Lughod | title = Local Contexts of Islamism in Popular Media | publisher = [[University of Amsterdam|Amsterdam University Press]] | year = 2006 | isbn = 90-5356-824-7 | page = 24 pages}}</ref>), [[Maghrebi Arabs]], [[Dawada]], [[Iranian Arabs]] (including [[Khuzestani Arabs]], [[Khorasani Arabs]], [[Huwala (ethnic group)|Huwalas]], and [[Khamseh Arabs]]), [[Sudanese Arabs]], [[Marsh Arabs]], [[Arab Christians]]<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1177/0265378812439955|title=Christians in the Middle East – Past, Present and Future|year=2012|last1=Chapman|first1=Colin|journal=Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies|volume=29|issue=2|pages=91–110|s2cid=145722860|doi-access=free}}</ref> (including [[Antiochian Greek Christians|Antiochians]], [[Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem|Jerusalemites]], and [[Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Alexandrians]]), [[Alawites]], [[Druze]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Displacement and Dispossession in the Modern Middle East|last=Chatty|location=Pakistan|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-81792-9|date=15 March 2010}}</ref> [[Hadharem]], [[Mhallami]], [[Rashaida people|Rashaida]], [[Baggara Arabs]] (including [[Shuweihat tribe|Shuweihat]]), [[Abbala Arabs]], [[Azawagh Arabs]], [[Diffa Arabs]], [[Manga Arabs]], [[Ababda people|Ababda]], [[Baharna]] (including in [[Baharna in Kuwait|Kuwait]]) [[Arab-Persians]], [[Arab-Berber]]s, with [[Arab diaspora|diaspora populations]] (including the [[Palestinian diaspora]]) in [[Arabs in Europe|Europe]] (including the [[British Arabs|United Kingdom]], the [[Arabs in the Caucasus|Caucasus]], [[Arabs in Sweden|Sweden]], [[Arabs in Spain|Spain]]), [[Arabs in Turkey|Turkey]], [[Arabs in Pakistan|Pakistan]] (including [[Palestinians in Pakistan|Palestinians]]), [[Arabs in India|India]], [[Arab Colombians|Colombia]], [[Arab Chileans|Chile]] (including [[Palestinians in Chile|Palestinians]]), [[Palestinian Nicaraguan|Nicaragua]], [[Arab Brazilians|Brazil]] (including [[Palestinian Brazilian|Palestinians]]), [[Arab Mexicans|Mexico]] (including [[Palestinian Mexicans|Palestinians]]), [[Arab Venezuelans|Venezuela]], the [[Arab Americans|United States]] (including [[Palestinian Americans|Palestinians]]), [[Arab Canadians|Canada]], [[Arab Haitians|Haiti]] (including [[Palestinian Haitians|Palestinians]]), [[Arab Cubans|Cuba]], [[Demographics of El Salvador#Arab Salvadorans|El Salvador]] (including [[Palestinian Salvadorans|Palestinians]]), [[Arab Australians|Australia]] (including [[Palestinian Australians|Palestinians]]), [[Arab New Zealanders|New Zealand]], [[Arab Singaporeans|Singapore]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]], [[Sufism]], [[Shia Islam]] → [[Twelver Shi'ism]], [[Isma'ilism]] → [[Tayyibi Isma'ilism]] → [[Sulaymani]], [[Zaydism]], [[Ibadism]]
|-
| [[Aragonese people|Aragonese]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| Spain ([[Aragon]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Aranadan people|Aranadans]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Malayalamoid languages|Malayalamoid]] → [[Eranadan language|Eranadan]]
| India ([[Kerala]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Arapaho]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Arapahoan languages|Arapahoan]] → [[Arapaho language|Arapaho]]
| United States (Colorado, Wyoming)
|
| Christianity, [[Native American Church]]
|-
| [[Argobba people|Argobba]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Ethiopian Semitic languages|Ethiopic]] → [[Argobba language|Argobba]]<ref group="note">The Argobba have typically been a merchant community and usually trades with other ethnic groups; recently, these factors have resulted in the majority only speaking Amharic or Oromo.</ref>
| Ethiopia ([[Afar Region|Afar]], [[Harari Region|Harari]], [[Amhara Region|Amhara]], and [[Oromia Region|Oromia]] Regions)<ref name="non-contiguous" group="note" />
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Armenians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Armenian language|Armenian]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Northwest Caucasian languages|Northwest Caucasian]] → [[Circassian languages|Circassian]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Armenian Sign Language|Armenian Sign]], historically [[Caucasian Sign Language|Harsneren]], [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Armeno-Kipchak language|Armeno-Kipchak]]
| [[Armenian highlands]] ([[Armenia]], Turkey ([[Western Armenia]])),<ref group="note">During the [[Armenian genocide]] that occurred in [[Western Armenia]], many Armenians fled to Russia, France, and the United States. Today, the majority reside outside of Greater Armenia, and Western Armenia no longer has an openly Armenian population (the Hemshin largely avoid identifying themselves as being Armenian, while the vast majority of people that are openly Armenian in Turkey reside in [[Istanbul]], which is not a part of Western Armenia).</ref> [[Azerbaijan]], [[Ukraine]] ([[Crimea]]), Russia ([[Kuban]], [[Adygea]]), [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
| [[Armenians in Turkey|Turkish Armenians]] (including [[Armenians in Istanbul]], [[Hemshin people|Hemshin]], and [[Hidden Armenians]]), [[Cherkesogai]], [[Armeno-Tats]], [[Zok language|Zoks]], [[Hayhurum]], [[Karabakh dialect|Karabakhis]] and historically [[Udi people|Udis]] and [[Turkic peoples]] who adhered to the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]], along with [[Armenian diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Armenians in Russia|Russia]], [[Armenians in Belarus|Belarus]], [[Armenians in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Armenians in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]], [[Armenians in Serbia|Serbia]], [[Armenians in Poland|Poland]], [[Armenians in Greece|Greece]], [[Armenians in Hungary|Hungary]], [[Armenians in Moldova|Moldova]], [[Armenians of Romania|Romania]], [[Armenians in Ukraine|Ukraine]] (including [[Armenians in Crimea|Crimea]]), [[Armenian Cypriots|Cyprus]], the [[Armenian Americans|United States]], [[Armenian Canadians|Canada]], [[Armenian Mexicans|Mexico]], [[Armenian Argentine|Argentina]], [[Armenian Brazilians|Brazil]], [[Armenian Uruguayans|Uruguay]], [[Armenians in France|France]], [[Armenians in Spain|Spain]], the [[Armenians in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], [[Armenians in Sweden|Sweden]], [[Armenians in Switzerland|Switzerland]], [[Armenians in Italy|Italy]], [[Armenians in Malta|Malta]], [[Armenians in Georgia|Georgia]] (including [[Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti|Samtskhe–Javakheti]], [[Armenians in Abkhazia|Abkhazia]], and [[Armenians in Tbilisi|Tbilisi]]), [[Armenians in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], (including [[Armenians in Baku|Baku]]), [[Armenians in Egypt|Egypt]], [[Armenians in Lebanon|Lebanon]], [[Armenians in Pakistan|Pakistan]], [[Iranian Armenians|Iran]], [[Armenians in Qatar|Qatar]], [[Iraqi Armenians|Iraq]], [[Armenians in Kuwait|Kuwait]], [[Armenians in Syria|Syria]], the [[Armenians in the United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]], [[Armenians in Israel|Israel]], [[Armenians in Jordan|Jordan]], [[Armenians in Ethiopia|Ethiopia]], [[Armenians in China|China]], [[Armenians in India|India]], [[Armenians in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]], [[Armenians in Myanmar|Myanmar]], [[Armenians in Singapore|Singapore]], [[Armenian Australians|Australia]], [[Armenians in Austria|Austria]], [[Armenians in Belgium|Belgium]], [[Armenians in Israel and Palestine|Israel]], [[Armenians in Israel and Palestine|Palestine]], the [[Armenians in the Netherlands|Netherlands]], and [[Armenians in Germany|Germany]]
| Christianity → [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Oriental Orthodoxy]], [[Catholicism]] → [[Eastern Catholicism]] → [[Armenian Catholic Church|Armenian Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Aromanians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]]
| [[Balkans]] ([[Greece]], [[Albania]], [[North Macedonia]], Serbia, [[Bulgaria]], [[Romania]])<ref name="non-contiguous" group="note" />
| [[List of Aromanian settlements|Significant populations]] in [[Aromanians in Greece|Greece]], [[Aromanians in Albania|Albania]], [[Aromanians in Romania|Romania]], [[Aromanians in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Aromanians in Serbia|Serbia]], and [[Aromanians in North Macedonia|North Macedonia]], along with [[Aromanian diaspora|diaspora]] populations
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Arrernte people|Arrernte]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Arandic languages|Arandic]] → [[Arrernte language|Arrernte]]
| Australia ([[Arrernte (area)|Arrernte Land]])
|
| [[Dreamtime|Alcheringa]]
|-
| [[Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians|Ashkali]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Albanian language|Albanian]]
| [[Kosovo]]
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Asmat people|Asmat]]
| [[Trans–New Guinea languages|Trans–New Guinea]] → [[Asmat–Kamrau languages|Asmat–Kamrau]] → [[Asmat languages|Asmat]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Indonesia]] ([[South Papua]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Assamese people|Assamese]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| India ([[Assam]])
| [[Assamese Brahmin]]s, [[Kalita (caste)|Kalitas]], [[Jalia Kaibarta|Kaibartas]], [[Assamese Muslims]], [[Chutia people|Chutias]]
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Assiniboine]]
| [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] → [[Western Siouan languages|Western Siouan]] → [[Assiniboine language|Assiniboine]]
| Canada ([[Manitoba]], [[Saskatchewan]], [[Alberta]]), United States (North Dakota, Montana)
| Bizebina, Insaombi, Wokpanbi
| [[Assiniboine#Mythology|Traditional Assiniboine religion]]
|-
| [[Assyrians]]
| [[Afro-Asiatic]] → [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] → [[Suret]]
| [[Assyrian homeland]]
| [[List of Assyrian tribes|Urmia]] tribes ([[Tyari]], [[Jilu (tribe)|Jilu]], [[Baz (tribe)|Baz]], [[Tkhuma]], [[Nochiya (tribe)|Nochiya]]), [[Tur Abdin]], [[Hakkari (historical region)|Hakkari]]
| [[Syriac Christianity]]
|-
| [[Asturians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Asturleonese language|Asturleonese]] → [[Asturian language|Asturian]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Galician language|Galician]] and [[Asturleonese language|Asturleonese]] → [[Galician–Asturian|Eonavian]]<ref name="Eonavian" group="note">Eonavian is variously classified as a dialect group of Galician, a transitional variety between Galician and Asturian, and as a separate linguistic group.</ref>
| Spain ([[Asturias]])
| [[Galician–Asturian|Eonavians]]
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Asur people|Asurs]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Munda languages|Munda]] → [[Asur language|Asur]]–[[Birjia language|Birjia]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| India ([[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]])
| Bir, Asur, Birjia, Agaria
| [[Animism]] and [[Hinduism]] → [[Asur people#Religion|Asur religion]]
|-
| [[Atacama people|Atacama]]
| [[Kunza language|Kunza]]
| Chile ([[Atacama Desert]], [[Altiplano]]), [[Argentina]] ([[Altiplano]]), [[Bolivia]] ([[Antofagasta Region]])
|
| [[Inca Religion]]
|-
| [[Atayal people|Atayals]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Formosan languages|Formosan]] → [[Atayal language|Atayal]]; [[Japonic languages|Japonic]] → [[Japanese-based creole languages|Japanese-based creole]] → [[Yilan Creole Japanese]]
| Taiwan
|
| [[Animism]], Christianity
|-
| [[Ati people|Ati]]
| [[Ati language (Philippines)|Ati language]]
| [[Western Visayas]]
|
| [[Animism]], Christianity
|-
| [[Atikamekw]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]]
| Canada ([[Nitaskinan]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Ethnic religion]]
|-
| [[Atoni]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Timoric languages|Timoric]] → [[Uab Meto language|Uab Meto]]
| Indonesia ([[West Timor]]), [[East Timor]] ([[Oecusse]])
| [[Amarasi]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Atyap people|Atyap]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Plateau languages|Plateau]] → [[Tyap language|Atyap]]
| Nigeria ([[Kaduna State]]) 
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Austral Islands#Demographics|Austral Islanders]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Austral language|Austral]]
| France ([[Austral Islands]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Austrians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[German language|German]] → [[Austrian German]]
| [[Austria]]
| [[Austrians Abroad|significant populations]] in [[United States]], [[Canada]], and [[Australia]]
| [[Christianity]] → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Avars (Caucasus)|Avars]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Avar–Andic languages|Avar–Andic]] → [[Avar language|Avar]], [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Lezgic languages|Lezgic]] → [[Archi language|Archi]]
| Russia ([[Dagestan]], [[Chechnya]], [[Dagestan]], [[Kalmykia]]), [[Azerbaijan]] ([[Balakan District|Balakan]], [[Zagatala District|Zagatala]]), Turkey, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
| [[Archi people|Archis]], Kvareli Avars
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Awa-Kwaiker|Awa]]
| [[Barbacoan languages|Barbacoan]] → [[Barbacoan languages#Languages|Awan]] → [[Awa Pit language|Awa]]
| [[Colombia]] ([[Narino department|Narino]]), [[Ecuador]] ([[Carchi]])
| 
| Christianity
|-
| [[Awadhi people|Awadhis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]
| India ([[Awadh]])
| [[Barhai]]
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Aymara people|Aymara]]
| [[Aymaran languages|Aymaran]] → [[Aymara language|Aymara]]
| [[Bolivia]], Peru, Chile 
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Äynu people|Äynu]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] and [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Karluk languages|Karluk]] and [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] → [[Äynu language|Äynu]]; [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Karluk languages|Karluk]] → [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]]
| China ([[Xinjiang]])
|
| Islam → [[Shia Islam|Shi'ism]] → [[Alevism]]
|-
| [[Azerbaijanis]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Azerbaijani language|Azeri]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Afshar dialect|Afshar]], [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]] → Ersari; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Russian Sign Language|RSLic]] → [[Russian Sign Language|Russian Sign]] → [[Azerbaijani Sign Language|Azerbaijani Sign]]
| [[Azerbaijan]], [[Iran]] ([[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Iranian Azerbaijan]]), [[Armenia]], [[Turkmenistan]] ([[Balkan Region]], [[Lebap Region]]), [[Uzbekistan]] ([[Bukhara Region]]), Russia ([[Dagestan]])
| [[Ayrums]], [[Baharlu (ethnic group)|Baharlu]], [[Bayat (tribe)|Bayat]], [[Karadaghis]], [[Qajars (tribe)|Qajars]], [[Kuresunni]], [[Padar tribe|Padar]], [[Qarapapaqs]], [[Shahsevan]], [[Terekeme people|Terekeme]], [[Yeraz]], [[Dagestani Azerbaijanis]], [[Afshar people|Afshar]] (including [[Javanshir Qizilbash]], [[Afshars of Urmia|Urmian Afshars]]), [[Iranian Azerbaijanis|Iranian Azeris]], along with [[Azerbaijani diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Azerbaijanis in Georgia|Georgia]], [[Azerbaijanis in Russia|Russia]], and historically [[Azerbaijanis in Armenia|Armenia]]
| Islam → [[Shia Islam|Shi'ism]]
|- id=B
| [[Babur and Bura people|Babur and Bura]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Chadic languages|Chadic]] → [[Bura language|Bura]]
| Nigeria ([[Borno State]] and [[Adamawa State]])
| Babur, Bura
| Islam
|-
| [[Badagas]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Kannada dialects|Badaga–Kannada]] → [[Badaga language|Badaga]]
| India ([[Nilgiris district]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Bagirmi people|Bagirmi]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Central Sudanic languages|Central Sudanic]] → [[Bongo-Bagirmi languages|Bongo-Bagirmi]] → [[Bagirmi language]]
| [[Chad]] ([[Chari-Baguirmi (region)|Chari-Baguirmi]])
|
| Islam → [[Folk Islam]]
|-
| [[Bagvalal people|Bagvalals]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Avar–Andic languages|Avar–Andic]] → [[Bagvalal language|Bagvalal]]
| Russia ([[Dagestan]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Bahnar people|Bahnar]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Bahnaric languages|Bahnaric]] → [[Bahnar language|Bahnar]]
| [[Vietnam]] ([[Central Highlands (Vietnam)|Central Highlands]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Bai people|Bai]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Macro-Bai languages|Macro-Bai]] → [[Bai language|Bai]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| China ([[Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture]], [[Bijie]], [[Sangzhi County]])
|
| [[Buddhism]], [[Benzhuism]], [[Daoism]]
|-
| [[Baining people|Baining]]
| [[Baining languages]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Papua New Guinea]] ([[Gazelle Peninsula]])
| [[Kairak language|Kairak]], [[Mali language|Mali]], [[Qaqet language|Qaqet]], [[Simbali language|Simbali]], [[Ura language (Papua New Guinea)|Ura]]
| Christianity, [[Pomio Kivung]]
|-
| [[Bajuni people|Bajuni]]
| [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Swahili language|Swahili]] → [[Bajuni dialect|Bajuni]]
| [[Somalia]] ([[Bajuni Islands]]), [[Kenya]] ([[Coast Province]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]] → [[Shafi'i school|Shafi'ism]]
|-
| [[Bakarwal]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Gujari language|Gujari]] → Bakarwal
| India or Pakistan ([[Kashmir]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Bakossi people|Bakossi]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Manenguba languages|Akoose]]
| [[Cameroon]] ([[Bakossi Mountains]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Balanta people|Balanta]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[West Atlantic languages|West Atlantic]] → [[Senegambian languages|Senegambian]] → [[Balanta languages|Balanta]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Senegal]], [[The Gambia]]
|
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Balinese people|Balinese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Balinese language|Balinese]]
| Indonesia ([[Bali]])
| [[Bali Aga]]
| [[Hinduism]] → [[Balinese Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Balkars]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Karachay-Balkar|Balkar]]
| Russia ([[Kabardino-Balkaria]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Baloch people|Balochs]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Balochi language|Balochi]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]]
| [[Balochistan]] (Pakistan ([[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]), [[Iran]] ([[Sistan and Baluchestan province|Sistan and Baluchestan]]), Afghanistan ([[Balochistan, Afghanistan|Balochistan]]))
| [[Askani (tribe)|Askani]], [[Bajkani]], [[Bangulzai tribe|Bangulzai]], [[Barazani]], [[Saraiki people|Saraiki Balochs]], [[Bhurgari]], [[Bugti]], [[Buledi]], [[Chandio]], [[Darzada]], [[Dehwar]], [[Dodai tribe|Dodai]], [[Dombki]], [[Gabol]], [[Ghazini]], [[Jamali (tribe)|Jamali]], [[Jatoi (Baloch tribe)|Jatoi]], [[Kalmati]], [[Khetran]], [[Kunara]], [[Langhani]], [[Lango tribe|Lango]], [[Lashkrani]], [[Loharani]], [[Lund (Baloch tribe)|Lund]], [[Marri (tribe)|Marri]], [[Mazari (Baloch tribe)|Mazari]], [[Mengal]], [[Mirali (Baloch tribe)|Mirali]], [[Mugheri]], [[Muhammad Shahi]], [[Mullazai tribe|Mullazai]], [[Nothazai]], [[Pitafi]], [[Qaisrani]], [[Rind (tribe)|Rind]], [[Sadozai (Baloch tribe)|Sadozai]], [[Sethwi]], [[Shaikhzadah]], [[Talpur]], [[Tauki]], [[Umrani]], [[Yarahmadzai tribe|Yarahmadzai]], [[Zardari (tribe)|Zardari]], [[Makrani caste|Makrani]], along with [[Baloch diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Baloch people in the United Arab Emirates|the United Arab Emirates]] (including [[Al Balushi]]) and [[Turkmenistan]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Balondo Civilization|Balondo-ba-Konja]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Londo language|Londo]]
| [[Cameroon]]
|
| [[Creationism]] → [[Balondo Civilization#Religion|Balondo-ba-Konja religion]]
|-
| [[Balti people|Baltis]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tibetic languages|Tibetic]] → [[Balti language|Balti]]
| Pakistan ([[Gilgit-Baltistan]])
|
| Islam → [[Shia Islam|Shi'ism]]
|-
| [[Bamar people|Bamars]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Burmish languages|Burmish]] → [[Burmese language|Burmese]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> historically [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Burmish languages|Burmish]] → [[Hpon language|Hpon]]
| [[Myanmar]]
| Bamars proper, [[Taungyo]], Dawei, [[Yaw people|Yaw]], Yabein, [[Intha people|Intha]], [[Danu people|Danu]], [[Hpon people|Hpon]], [[Anglo-Burmese people|Anglo-Burmese]]
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]]; [[Burmese folk religion]]
|-
| [[Bambara people|Bambara]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Mande languages|Mande]] → [[Manding languages|Manding]] → [[Bambara language|Bambara]] 
| [[Mali]]
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Bamileke people|Bamileke]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Grassfields languages|Grassfields]] → [[Bamileke languages|Bamileke]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Cameroon]] ([[West Region (Cameroon)|West]] and [[Northwest Region (Cameroon)|Northwest]] regions)
| [[Mengaka language|Mengaka]], [[Ngiemboon language|Ngiemboon]], [[Ngombale language|Ngombale]], [[Ngomba language|Ngomba]], [[Ngwe language|Ngwe]], [[Yemba language|Yemba]], [[Fe'fe' language|Fe'fe']], [[Ghomala' language|Ghomala']], [[Kwaʼ language|Kwaʼ]], [[Nda'nda' language|Nda'nda']], [[Medumba language|Medumba]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Bamum people|Bamum]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Grassfields languages|Grassfields]] → [[Bamum language|Bamum]]
| [[Cameroon]] ([[West Region (Cameroon)|West Region]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Banda people|Banda]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Ubangian languages|Ubangian]] → [[Banda languages|Banda]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Central African Republic]], [[South Sudan]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
| [[Central Banda language|Central Banda]], [[South Banda language|South Banda]], [[West Banda language|West Banda]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Banda Islands|Bandanese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Malay language|Malay]] → [[Banda Malay]], [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Central Maluku languages|Central Maluku]] → [[Banda language (Maluku)|Banda]]
| Indonesia ([[Banda Islands]])
|
| Islam, Christianity
|-
| [[Bangweulu Twa]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Bemba language|Bemba]]
| [[Zambia]] ([[Bangweulu Wetlands]])
|
| [[Traditional African Religion]]
|-
| [[Baniwa]]
| [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]] → [[Upper Amazon Arawakan languages|Upper Amazon Arawakan]] → [[Karu language|Karu]]
| [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Brazil]] ([[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]), [[Indigenous peoples in Colombia|Colombia]] ([[Amazonas (Colombian department)|Amazonas]]), [[Indigenous peoples in Venezuela|Venezuela]] ([[Amazonas (Venezuelan state)|Amazonas]])
|
| [[Ethnic religion|Traditional religion]]; Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Banjara]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]] → [[Lambadi]]
| India ([[Mewar]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Banjar people|Banjarese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Malay language|Malay]] → [[Banjarese language|Banjarese]]
| Indonesia ([[South Kalimantan]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Bari people|Bari]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Bari language|Bari]]
| [[South Sudan]] ([[Central Equatoria]]), [[Uganda]]
| [[Pojulu people|Pojulu]], [[Kakwa people|Kakwa]], [[Nyangwara people|Nyangwara]], [[Mandari people|Mandari]], [[Kuku people|Kuku]], other [[Karo people (East Africa)|Karo tribes]]
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religion]], Islam → [[Sunni Islam]] (minority religion among some Kakwa bordering [[Uganda]])
|-
| [[Bariba people|Bariba]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Gur languages|Gur]] → [[Bariba language|Bariba]]
| [[Borgu]] ([[Benin]], Nigeria) 
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Bashkirs]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Bashkir language|Bashkir]]
| Russia ([[Badzhgard]]) 
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Basques]]
| [[Aquitanian language|Aquitanian]] → [[Basque language|Basque]]<ref group="note">Due to the widespread presence of both Spanish and French, the majority of Basques only have a passive knowledge of their language.</ref>
| [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]] (Spain, France)
| [[Navarre]]ans, [[Alava]]ns, [[Biscay]]ans, [[Gipuzkoa]]ns, [[French Basque Country|Northern Basques]], along with [[Basque diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Basque Argentines|Argentina]], [[Basque Chileans|Chile]], [[Basque Colombians|Colombia]], the [[Basque Americans|United States]], [[Basque Canadians|Canada]], [[Basque Mexicans|Mexico]], [[Basque Venezuelan|Venezuela]], and [[Basque Uruguayans|Uruguay]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Bassa people (Liberia)|Bassa]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Kru languages|Kru]] → [[Bassa language|Bassa]]
| [[Liberia]] ([[Grand Bassa County|Bassaland]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Anglicanism]]
|-
| [[Batak]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages|Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands]] → [[Batak languages|Batak]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Indonesia ([[North Sumatra]])
| [[Angkola people|Angkola]], [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Mandailing people|Mandailing]], [[Pakpak people|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], [[Toba Batak people|Toba]], [[Alas people|Alas]], [[Kluet people|Kluet]], [[Singkil people|Singkil]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Batak Christian Protestant Church|Lutheranism]]
|-
| [[Bateri people|Bateri]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Dardic languages|Dardic]] → [[Bateri language|Bateri]]
| Pakistan ([[Kohistan District, Pakistan|Kohistan]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Great Lakes Twa|Batwa]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kirundi]], [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kiga language|Kiga]]
| [[African Great Lakes]]
|
| [[Traditional African religion]]
|-
| [[Bauzi people|Bauzi]]
| [[East Geelvink Bay languages|East Geelvink Bay]] → [[Bauzi language|Bauzi]]
| Indonesia ([[Papua (province)|Papua]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Bavarians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]]
| [[Germany]] ([[Bavaria]])
|
| [[Christianity]] → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Bazigar]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Bazigar language|Bazigar]]
| India ([[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Delhi]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Rajasthan]]), Pakistan ([[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Beja people|Beja]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] → [[Beja language|Beja]]
| [[Sudan]], [[Egypt]], [[Eritrea]]
| [[Bishari tribe|Bishari]], [[Hadendoa]], [[Hedareb people|Hedareb]], [[Amarar tribe|Amarar]], [[Beni-Amer people|Beni-Amer]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Belarusians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]<ref group="note">Unlike the rest of the [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Soviet republics]], who were able to maintain their native language despite the ''de facto'' [[Russification|Russianization]] during the Soviet era, the Russian language has largely replaced Belarusian in everyday use.</ref>
| [[Belarus]], [[Lithuania]] ([[Vilnius Region]]), [[Polesia]] (Poland, [[Ukraine]]), Russia ([[Smolensk Oblast]], [[Pskov Oblast]], [[Bryansk Oblast]], [[Kaluga Oblast]], [[Oryol Oblast]]), and surrounding regions
| [[Belarusian diaspora|Significant populations]] in the [[Belarusian Americans|United States]], [[Belarusian minority in Poland|Poland]], [[Belarusians in Lithuania|Lithuania]], [[Belarusians in Russia|Russia]], [[Belarusians in Ukraine|Ukraine]], and [[Belarusians in Russia|Russia]]
| Christianity → [[Russian Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Belizean Creole people|Belizean Creoles]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[English language|English]] → [[Belizean Creole]]
| [[Belize]]
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]], [[Rastafari]]
|-
| [[Bemba people|Bemba]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Bemba language|Bemba]]
| [[Zambia]] ([[Northern Province, Zambia|Northern]], [[Luapula Province|Luapula]], and [[Copperbelt Province|Copperbelt]] Provinces), [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ([[Katanga Province]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Bembe people|Bembe]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Bembe language (Ibembe)|Bembe]]
| [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], Tanzania
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]], [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Bena people|Bena]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Bena language|Bena]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Njombe Region]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Bengalis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Sylheti language|Sylheti]], [[Chittagonian language|Chittagonian]], [[Noakhali language|Noakhali]]; [[Indo-Pakistani Sign Language|Indo-Pakistani]]–[[Nepali Sign Language|Nepali]] Sign → [[Indo-Pakistani Sign Language|Indo-Pakistani Sign]] → [[Deafness in Bangladesh#Bangla sign language|Bengali Sign]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Bengal]] ([[Bangladesh]], India)
| [[Bengali Muslims]], [[Bengali Hindus]] (including [[Mahishya]]s), [[Bengali Buddhists]], [[Bengali Christians]], [[Bangal]]s (including [[Chittagonian language|Chittagonians]], [[Sylhetis]], [[Dhakaiyas]] (including [[Mahifarash]]), [[Noakhali language|Noakhalis]]), [[Ghoti people|Ghoti]]s (including [[Muslim Ghosi]], [[Lodha Muslims]]), [[Shershabadia]], [[Mahimal]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]; [[Hinduism]] → [[Shaktism]], [[Vaishnavism]], [[Hindu atheism]]; Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]]; [[Buddhism]] → [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Berbers]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Berber languages|Berber]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] → [[Arabic]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Songhay languages|Songhay]] → [[Northern Songhay languages|Northern Songhay]] → [[Tagdal language|Tagdal]]
| [[Maghreb]]
| [[Central Atlas Tamazight|Central Atlas Berbers]], [[Chaoui people|Chaouis]], [[Kabyle people|Kabyle]], [[Kunta (tribe)|Kountas]], [[Chenouas]], [[Ghomaras]], [[Godala]], [[Hawwara]], [[Matmata Berber|Matmatas]], [[Mozabite people|Mozabite]], [[Nafusi language|Nafusis]], [[Rifians]], [[Shilha people|Shilha]], [[Siwi people|Siwi]], [[Tuareg people|Tuaregs]], [[Awjila language|Awjila]], [[Arab-Berber]]s, [[Sanhaja de Srair language|Sanhaja Berbers]], [[Jerba people|Jerba]], [[Zayanes]], [[Igdalen people|Igdalen]], with [[Berbers#Diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Berbers in Belgium|Belgium]], [[Berbers in France|France]], [[Berber Canadians|Canada]], the [[Berbers in the Netherlands|Netherlands]], the [[Berber Americans|United States]], [[Demographics of Western Sahara|Western Sahara]], [[Berbers in Mauritania|Mauritania]], Burkina Faso (including [[Tuareg in Burkina Faso|Tuaregs]]), Niger (including [[Tuareg in Niger|Tuaregs]]), and [[Berbers in Mali|Mali]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]], [[Ibadism]]
|-
| [[Berom people|Berom]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Plateau languages|Plateau]] → [[Berom language|Berom]]
| [[Niger]] ([[Plateau State]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Berta people|Berta]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Berta language|Berta]]
| Ethiopia ([[Benishangul-Gumuz Region]]), [[South Sudan]]
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Betawi people|Betawis]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malay trade and creole languages|Malay-based creole]] → [[Betawi language|Betawi]]
| Indonesia ([[Jakarta]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Beti people|Beti]]<ref group="note">The Beti and the Fang form the [[Beti-Pahuin peoples]]. While the term Beti is sometimes used interchangeably to refer to the Beti-Pahuin people, the Beti ethnicity is specifically limited to Ewondo and Eton speakers.</ref>
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Ewondo language|Ewondo]],  [[Eton language|Eton]]
| [[Cameroon]]
| [[Ewondo language|Ewondo]], [[Eton language|Eton]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Bezhta people|Bezhta]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Tsezic languages|Tsezic]] → [[Bezhta language|Bezhta]]
| Russia ([[Tsuntinsky District]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Bhil people|Bhils]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Bhil languages|Bhil]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| India ([[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Maharashtra]])
| [[Barda (tribe)|Barda]], [[Bhagalia]], [[Bhilala]], [[Bhil Gametia]], [[Bhil Garasia]], [[Bhil Kataria]], [[Bhil Mama]], [[Bhil Mavchi]], [[Dholi Bhil]], [[Dungri Bhil]], [[Damor]], [[Dungri Garasia]], [[Mewasi Bhil]], [[Nirdhi Bhil]], Rawal Bhil, [[Tadvi Bhil]], [[Vasava]], [[Bhil Meena]], [[Chaudhri]], [[Bagdi]]
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Bhojpuri people|Bhojpuris]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Bihari languages|Bihari]] → [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| India, [[Nepal]]
| [[Paswan]], [[Teli]]
| [[Hinduism]], [[Jainism]]
|-
| [[Bhumij people|Bhumijs]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Munda languages|Munda]] → [[Bhumij language|Bhumij]]<ref group="note">Due to their [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|historical low status in India]], the majority only speak Bengali.</ref>
| India ([[West Bengal]], [[Odisha]], [[Jharkhand]])
|
| [[Sarnaism]]
|-
| [[:id:Suku Biak|Biak]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]] → [[South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages|South Halmahera–West New Guinea]] → [[Biak language|Biak]]
| Indonesia ([[Biak Islands]])
|
| Christianity, Islam
|-
| [[Bicolano people|Bicolanos]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Bikol languages|Bikol]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Philippines ([[Bicol Region]])
| [[Central Bikol]], [[Sorsogon|Sorsoganons]], [[Catanduanes|Catandunganons]], [[Rinconada Bikol language|Rinconada]], [[Albay Bikol language|Albayanon]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Bidayuh]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]] → [[Land Dayak languages|Land Dayak]]<ref name="Language family" group="note"/>
| Malaysia ([[Sarawak]])
| [[Kendayan people|Kendayan]], [[Selako people|Selako]], [[Bakatiʼ language|Bakatiʼ]], [[Sara Bakati' language|Sara Bakati']], [[Laraʼ language|Laraʼ]], [[Bukar–Sadong language|Bukar–Sadong]], [[Biatah language|Biatah]], [[Tringgus language|Tringgus]], [[Jagoi language|Jagoi]], [[Jangkang language|Jangkang]], [[Kembayan language|Kembayan]], [[Semandang language|Semandang]], [[Ribun language|Ribun]], [[Nyaduʼ language|Nyaduʼ]], [[Sanggau language|Sanggau]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Bilala people|Bilala]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Central Sudanic languages|Central Sudanic]] → [[Naba language|Naba]]
| [[Chad]] ([[Lake Fitri]]) 
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Bimanese people|Bimanese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polyneisan]] → [[Bima language|Bima]]
| Indonesia ([[Sumbawa Island]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Bisaya (Borneo)|Bisayas]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Dusunic languages|Dusunic]] → [[Tatana language|Sabah Bisaya]], [[Brunei Bisaya language|Brunei Bisaya]]
| [[Brunei]], Malaysia ([[Sabah]], [[Sarawak]])
| Sabah Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya
| Islam, Christianity
|-
| [[Bishnupriya people|Bishnupriyas]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-based creole → [[Bishnupriya Manipuri]]
| India ([[Manipur]]), [[Bangladesh]]
|
| [[Hinduism]] → [[Vaishnavism]]
|-
| [[Bissa people|Bissa]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Mande languages|Mande]] → [[Bissa language|Bissa]]
| [[Burkina Faso]]
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Blaan people|Blaan]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Blaan language|Blaan]]
| Philippines ([[Soccsksargen]])
|
| [[Anito|Anitism]]
|-
| [[Black Britons]]
|  Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas (descendants of Afro-Caribbean Britons)<br>Various African languages → [[English language|English]] (adopted language by descendants of sub-Saharan African immigrants)<br>[[English language|English]] (adopted language) → [[Multicultural London English]] (dialect of those born in London)
| United Kingdom and British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean ([[Montserrat]], [[British Virgin Islands]], [[Turks and Caicos Islands]], [[Cayman Islands]], [[Anguilla]])
| [[British African-Caribbean people|Afro-Caribbean Britons]]
| Christianity, [[Rastafari]]
|-
| [[Black Canadians]]
| Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas<br>[[English language|English]] → [[Canadian English]] (adopted language)<br>[[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[French language|French]] → [[Canadian French]] (adopted language)<br>Various African languages → [[Canadian English]] and [[Canadian French]]  (adopted language by descendants of post-1950s sub-Saharan African immigrants)
| Canada ([[Ontario]], [[Quebec]], [[Alberta]], [[British Columbia]], [[Manitoba]], [[Nova Scotia]])
| [[Black Canadians in Ontario|Black Ontarians]] (including [[Black Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area|Black Torontonians]]), [[Black Canadians in Montreal|Black Montrealers]], [[Black Canadians in New Brunswick|Black New Brunswickers]], [[Black Nova Scotians]]
| Christianity; Islam
|-
| [[Blackfoot]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Blackfoot language|Blackfoot]]
| Canada ([[Alberta]]), United States (Montana)
| [[Kainai Nation|Kainai]], [[Piegan Blackfeet|Piegan]] (including [[Piikani Nation|Northern Piegan]], [[Blackfeet Nation|Southern Piegan]]), [[Siksika Nation|Siksika]]
| [[Native American Church]], Christianity
|-
| [[Boa people|Boa]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Bwa language|Boa]]
| [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ([[Bas-Uele]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Bodo people|Bodo]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Sal languages|Sal]] → [[Bodo language|Bodo]]
| India ([[Bodoland]])
| [[Mech people|Mech]], [[Kachari people|Kachari]]
| [[Bathouism]], [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Dutch Surinamese|Boeroes]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Dutch language|Dutch]] → [[Surinamese Dutch|Surinaams]]
| [[Suriname]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Boers]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Dutch language|Dutch]] → [[Afrikaans]]
| South Africa ([[Transvaal (province)|Transvaal]])
|
| [[Christianity]] → [[Protestantism]] → [[Calvinism]]
|-
| [[Bokota people|Bokota]]
| [[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]] → [[Buglere language|Buglere]]
| [[Panama]] ([[Bocas del Toro Province|Bocas del Toro]])
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Bondei people|Bondei]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Northeast Coast Bantu languages|Sueta]] → [[Bondei language|Bondei]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Pangani District]])
|
| Islam, [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Bororo]]
| [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Je]] → [[Bororoan languages|Bororoan]] → [[Bororo language|Bororo]]
| Brazil ([[Mato Grosso]])
| 
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Bosniaks]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Shtokavian]] → [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] 
| [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Sandžak]] (Serbia, [[Montenegro]])
| Significant populations in [[Bosniaks of Serbia|Serbia]], [[Bosniaks in Turkey|Turkey]], [[Bosnian Austrians|Austria]], [[Bosniaks in Germany|Germany]] and the [[Bosnian Americans|United States]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Botlikh people|Botlikhs]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Avar–Andic languages|Avar–Andic]] → [[Botlikh language|Botlikh]]
| Russia ([[Dagestan]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/botlikhs.shtml|title=The Botlikhs|access-date=27 March 2023|website=[[The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328010136/https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/botlikhs.shtml|archive-date=28 March 2023|url-status=live|publisher=[[Institute of the Estonian Language]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bouyei people|Bouyei]]
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]] → [[Tai languages|Tai]] → [[Bouyei language|Bouyei]] 
| China ([[Guizhou]])
| [[Giay people|Giay]]
| [[Mo (religion)|Moism]]
|-
| [[Bozo people|Bozo]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Mande languages|Mande]] → [[Bozo language|Bozo]] 
| [[Mali]]
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Brahui people|Brahuis]] 
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Northern Dravidian languages|Northern Dravidian]] → [[Brahui language|Brahui]]
| Pakistan ([[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]])
| [[Raisani]], [[Jhalawan]], [[Sarawan]], [[Mengal]] (including [[Zagar Mengal|Zagar]] and [[Zakria Zae Mengal|Zakria Zae]]), [[Sasoli]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]] → [[Hanafi]]
|-
| [[Bretons]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] → [[Breton language|Breton]]<ref name="France" group="note">Due to France's [[Language policy in France|long history]] of promoting the French language at the expense of others, the vast majority only speak French.</ref>
| France ([[Brittany]])
| Significant populations in [[Breton Canadians|Canada]] and the [[Breton Americans|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Bribri people|Bribri]]
| [[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]] → [[Talamanca languages|Talamanca]] → [[Bribri language|Bribri]], [[Bribri Sign Language|Bribri Sign]]
| [[Costa Rica]] ([[Cordillera de Talamanca]])
|
| [[Talamancan mythology]]
|-
|-
| [[Bru people|Bru]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Katuic languages|Katuic]] → [[Bru language|Bru]]
| [[Laos]] ([[Savannakhet province]]), [[Vietnam]] ([[Quảng Binh province|Quảng Binh]] and [[Quảng Trị province|Quảng Trị]] provinces)
|
| [[Satsana Phi]], [[Buddhism]] → [[Theravada]] Buddhism
|-
| [[Bubi people|Bubi]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Bube language|Bube]]
| [[Equatorial Guinea]] ([[Bioko]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Budu people|Budu]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Budu language|Budu]]
| [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ([[Wamba Territory]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Budukh people|Budukhs]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Lezgic languages|Lezgic]] → [[Budukh language|Budukh]]
| [[Azerbaijan]] ([[Buduq]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Buduma people|Buduma]] 
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Chadic languages|Chadic]] → [[Yedina language|Yedina]]
| [[Lake Chad]] ([[Chad]], Nigeria, [[Cameroon]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Buginese people|Buginese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[South Sulawesi languages|South Sulawesi]] → [[Buginese language|Buginese]]
| Indonesia ([[South Sulawesi]])
|
| Islam, Christianity, [[folk religion]]
|-
| [[Bulgarians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Bulgarian Sign Language|Bulgarian Sign]]
| [[Bulgaria]]
| [[Pomaks]], [[Banat Bulgarians|Paulicians]], [[Macedonian Bulgarians]], [[Bessarabian Bulgarians]], [[Dobrujan Bulgarians]], [[Thracian Bulgarians]], [[Sarakatsani|Karakachani]], along with [[Bulgarian diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Bulgarians in Turkey|Turkey]], [[Bessarabian Bulgarians|Ukraine and Moldova]], [[Crimean Bulgarians|Crimea]], [[Banat Bulgarians|Romania and Serbia]], [[Bulgarians in Croatia|Croatia]], [[Bulgarians in Germany|Germany]], [[Bulgarians in Spain|Spain]], and the [[Bulgarian Americans|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Bunak people|Bunak]]
| [[Trans–New Guinea languages|Trans–New Guinea]] → [[Timor–Alor–Pantar languages|Timor–Alor–Pantar]] → [[Bunak language|Bunak]]
| Indonesia ([[West Timor]]), [[East Timor]]
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] 
|-
| [[Bunun people|Bunun]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Bunun language|Bunun]]
| Taiwan ([[Nantou County|Nantou]])
|
| [[Animism]], Christianity
|-
| [[Burgher people|Burghers]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]], [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Tamiloid languages|Tamiloid]] → [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] → [[Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole]]
| Sri Lanka
| [[Dutch Burghers]], [[Portuguese Burghers]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Burusho people|Burushos]]
| [[Burushaski]]
| Pakistan ([[Gilgit-Baltistan]])
|
| Islam → [[Shia Islam|Shi'ism]] → [[Isma'ilism]]
|-
| [[Buryats]]
| [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] → Central Mongolic → [[Buryat language|Buryat]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] → Central Mongolic → [[Khalkha Mongolian|Khalkha]] → Sartul, Tsongol
| Russia ([[Buryatia]]), China ([[Inner Mongolia]]), [[Mongolia]]
| [[Barga (tribe)|Barga]]
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]]; [[Shamanism]] → [[Mongolian shamanism]]; Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Butonese people|Butonese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Celebic languages|Celebic]] → [[Muna–Buton languages|Butonese]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Indonesia ([[Buton]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Bwa people|Bwa]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Gur languages|Gur]] → [[Bwa languages|Bwa]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Burkina Faso]], [[Mali]]
|
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Bwatiye people|Bwatiye]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afrosiatic]] → [[Chadic languages|Chadic]] → [[Bacama language|Bacama]]
| Nigeria ([[Adamawa State]])
|
| Christianity, [[Neo-charismatic movement|Neo-Pentecostalism]]
|- id=C
| [[Cabiyari language|Cabiyari]]
| [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]] → [[Upper Amazon Arawakan languages|Upper Amazon Arawakan]] → [[Cabiyari language|Cabiyari]]
| [[Indigenous peoples in Colombia|Colombia]] ([[Vaupes Department|Vaupes]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Caddo]]
| [[Caddoan languages|Caddoan]] → [[Caddo language|Caddo]]
| United States (Oklahoma)
|
| [[Native American Church|Peyote religion]], Christianity
|-
| [[Cahuilla]]
| [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] → [[Cupan languages|Cupan]] → [[Cahuilla language|Cahuilla]]
| United States (California)
| Pass Cahuilla (including [[Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians|Agua Caliente Cahuilla]], [[Morongo Band of Mission Indians|Morongo Cahuilla]]), Mountain Cahuilla (including [[Cahuilla Band of Indians]], [[Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians|Los Coyotes Cahuilla]], [[Ramona Band of Cahuilla|Ramona Cahuilla]], [[Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians|Santa Rosa Cahuilla]]), Desert Cahuilla (including [[Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians|Augustine Cahuilla]], [[Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Indians|Cabazon Cahuillla]], [[Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians|Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla]])
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]] → [[Moravian Church|Moravian]]; [[Ethnic religion]]
|-
| [[Caldoche]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[French language|French]], [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[French Sign Language|French Sign]]
| France ([[New Caledonia]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Camminanti]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]] → Baccagghiu
| Italy ([[Sicily]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Canary Islanders]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Canarian Spanish]], [[Silbo Gomero]], [[Isleño Spanish]]
| Spain ([[Canary Islands]])
| [[Isleños]] (including [[Isleños (Louisiana)|Louisiana Isleños]])
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| | [[Cape Malays]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Afrikaans]], [[Kaaps]], [[English language|English]]
| South Africa ([[Western Cape]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Caquetio]]
| [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]] → [[Ta-Arawakan languages|Ta-Arawakan]] → [[Caquetio language|Caquetio]]
| Venezuela ([[Falcón State|Falcón]], [[Zulia]]), formerly [[Aruba]], [[Curaçao]], [[Bonaire]] (Netherlands)
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Carolinian people|Carolinians]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Micronesian languages|Micronesian]] → [[Carolinian language|Carolinian]]
| United States ([[Northern Mariana Islands]])
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Catalans]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Catalan language|Catalan]]; [[Catalan Sign Language|LSCic]] → [[Catalan Sign Language|Catalan Sign]]
| [[Catalan Countries]] (Spain, France, [[Andorra]], Italy)
| [[Andorra]]ns, [[Balearic Islands|Balears]], [[Alghero|Algherese]], [[Northern Catalonia|Roussillonese]] with significant populations in the [[Catalan Americans|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Cayuga people|Cayuga]]
| [[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]] → Northern Iroquoian → [[Cayuga language|Cayuga]]
| Canada ([[Ontario]]), United States ([[New York (state)|New York]], Oklahoma)
|
| [[Longhouse Religion]]
|-
| [[Chachi people|Chachi]]<ref group="note">Otherwise known as Cayapas.</ref>
| [[Barbacoan languages|Barbacoan]] → [[Chaʼpalaa language|Chaʼpalaa]]
| [[Ecuador]] ([[Esmeraldas, Ecuador|Esmeraldas]])
|
| Christianity → [[Roman Catholicism|Catholicism]], [[Native American religion]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=16 March 2019 |title=Los Chachis o Cayapas |url=https://www.diariopinion.com/web2018/primeraplana/verArticulo.php?id=967202 |website=www.diariopinion.com}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
|-
| [[Chaga people|Chaga]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Chaga languages|Chaga]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Tanzania]]
| [[Gweno language|Gwenos]], [[Rombo language|Rombos]], [[Central Kilimanjaro language|Central Chaga]] (including [[Kahe language|Kahe]]), [[Rusa language|Rusa]], [[West Kilimanjaro language|West Chaga]]
| Christianity, Islam, [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Chagossians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Bourbonnais Creole]] → [[Chagossian Creole]]
| [[Chagos Archipelago]]<ref name="Chagossian expulsion" group="note">Due to the [[Expulsion of the Chagossians]], there are no Chagossians living on the [[Chagos Archipelago]]. The majority of Chagossians now live in the United Kingdom, [[Mauritius]], and [[Seychelles]].</ref>
|
| Christianity, [[Rastafari]]
|-
| [[Chaharmahali Turks]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Chaharmahali Turkic]]
| [[Iran]] ([[Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province|Chaharmahal]])
|
| Islam → [[Shia Islam|Shi'ism]] → [[Twelver Shi'ism]]
|-
| [[Chakma people|Chakmas]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Chakma language|Chakma]]
| [[Bangladesh]] ([[Chittagong Hill Tracts]])
|
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Chamalal people|Chamalals]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Avar–Andic languages|Avar–Andic]] → [[Chamalal language|Chamalal]]
| Russia ([[Tsumadinsky District]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]; [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Chamorro people|Chamorro]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]] → [[Chamorro language|Chamorro]]
| United States ([[Mariana Islands]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Chams]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Chamic languages|Chamic]] → [[Cham language|Cham]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Champa]] ([[Cambodia]], Vietnam), China ([[Hainan]])
| [[Churu people|Churu]], [[Jarai people|Jarai]], [[Rade people|Rade]], [[Raglai people|Raglai]], [[Utsuls]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]], [[Shia Islam|Shi'ism]] → [[Bani Islam]]; [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Channel Islands|Channel Islanders]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Norman language|Norman]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Channel Island English]]
| [[Crown Dependencies|British Crown Dependencies]] ([[Channel Islands]])
| [[Jersey people|Jèrriais]] (including [[Sercquiais]]), [[Guernésiais]], before 1960<ref name=satter>{{cite web|last1=Satter|first1=Raphael|title=Scottish man dies, taking town's unique dialect with him|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2012/10/04/scottish_man_dies_taking_towns_unique_dialect_with_him.html|work=[[The Toronto Star]]|access-date=30 September 2015|date=4 Oct 2012|quote=The last native speaker of Alderney French, a Norman dialect spoken in the Channel Islands, died around 1960.}}</ref> [[Auregnais]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Chaoui people|Chaoui]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Berber languages|Berber]] → [[Shawiya language|Shawiya]]
| [[Algeria]] ([[Aurès]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Charrúa]]
| [[Charruan languages]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Uruguay]]
| [[Chaná people|Chaná]]
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Chechens]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Nakh languages|Nakh]] → [[Chechen language|Chechen]]
| Russia ([[Chechnya]], [[Aukh]], Orstkhoy-Mokhk), [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] ([[Pankisi]], [[Kakheti]], [[Tusheti]])
| [[Kists]], [[Chechen Kurds]], [[Aukhs]] (including [[Veappii]]s), [[Orstkhoy]]s, [[Terloy]]s, [[Shatoy people|Shatoys]], [[Ghendargnoy]]s, [[Zandkhoy]]s, [[Chinkhoy]]s, other [[teip]]s with [[Chechen diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Chechens in Austria|Austria]], [[Chechens in France|France]], [[Chechens in Jordan|Jordan]], [[Chechens in Syria|Syria]], [[Chechens in Turkey|Turkey]], and the [[Chechen Americans|United States]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]; historically [[Vainakh religion]]
|-
| [[Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation|Chehalis]]
| Historically [[Salishan languages|Salishan]] → [[Coast Salish languages|Coast Salish]] → [[Lower Chehalis language|Lower Chehalis]], [[Upper Chehalis language|Upper Chehalis]]
| United States ([[Washington (state)|Washington]])
| [[Lower Chehalis people|Lower Chehalis]], [[Upper Chehalis people|Upper Chehalis]]
| [[Ethnic religion]]
|-
| [[Chelkans]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → [[Northern Altai language|Northern Altai]] → Chelkan
| Russia ([[Altai Republic]], [[Kemerovo Oblast]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Burkhanism]], [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Chenouas]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Berber languages|Berber]] → [[Shenwa language|Shenwa]]
| [[Algeria]] ([[Mount Chenoua]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Chepang people|Chepang]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Chepangic languages|Chepangic]] → [[Chepang language|Chepang]]
| [[Nepal]]
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Cherokee]]
| [[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]] → Southern Iroquoian → [[Cherokee language|Cherokee]]<ref name="American Indians" group="note">Due to the a [[Cultural assimilation of Native Americans|long history]] of [[forced assimilation]] by the American government, the vast majority only speak [[American English|English]].</ref>
| United States (North Carolina, Tennessee)<ref name="Trail of Tears" group="note">Following the passage of the [[Indian Removal Act]], the Cherokee, the Choctaw, the Chickasaw, and the Muscogee were all [[Trail of Tears|forced to relocate]] their entire population to Oklahoma.</ref>
| [[Cherokee Nation]], [[Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians|Eastern Band]], [[United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians|United Keetoowah Band]], [[Cherokee#Cherokee Freedmen|Cherokee Freedmen]]
| Christianity, [[Four Mothers Society]]
|-
| [[Chewa people|Chewa]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Chewa language|Chewa]]
| [[Malawi]], [[Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Mozambique]]
|
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Cheyenne]]s
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Cheyenne language|Cheyenne]]; [[Plains Indian Sign Language|Plains Indian Sign]]<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
| United States (Montana, Oklahoma)
|
| [[Native American religion]], [[Native American Church]], Christianity
|-
| [[Chickasaw]]
| [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] → Western Muskogean → [[Chickasaw language|Chickasaw]]
| United States (Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee)<ref name="Trail of Tears" group="note" />
|
| [[Ethnic religion]], Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Chinese Tatars]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Tatar language|Tatar]]; [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Chinese language|Chinese]] → [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]
| China ([[Xinjiang]])
| 
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Chipewyan]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Chipewyan language|Chipewyan]]
| Canada ([[Saskatchewan]], [[Northwest Territories]], [[Alberta]], [[Manitoba]], [[British Columbia]])
|
| Christianity, [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Cho Ro people|Cho Ro]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Bahnaric languages|Bahnaric]] → [[Chrau language|Chrau]]
| [[Vietnam]], ([[Đồng Nai province|Dong Nai]], [[Bình Dương province|Binh Duong]], [[Bình Phước province|Binh Phuoc]], [[Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province|Ba Ria-Vung Tau]])
|
| [[Animism]], [[Theravada]]
|-
| [[Choctaw]]
| [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] → [[Choctaw language|Choctaw]]<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
| United States (Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana)<ref name="Trail of Tears" group="note" />
| [[Choctaw freedmen|Choctaw Freedmen]]
| Christianity, [[Choctaw mythology|Choctaw religion]]
|-
| [[Chokwe people|Chokwe]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Chokwe language|Chokwe]]
| [[Angola]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Zambia]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Cholanaikkan]]s
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[South Dravidian languages|South Dravidian I]] → [[Cholanaikkan language|Cholanaikkan]]
| India ([[Kerala]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Chuanqing people|Chuanqing]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Sinitic languages|Sinitic]] → [[Mandarin Chinese]] → [[Southwestern Mandarin]]
| China ([[Guizhou]])
|
| [[Ethnic religion]]
|-
| [[Chukchi people|Chukchis]] 
| [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages|Chukotko-Kamchatkan]] → [[Chukotkan languages|Chukotkan]] → [[Chukchi language|Chukchi]] 
| [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug|Chukchia]] 
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Chulyms]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → [[Chulym language|Chulym]]
| Russia ([[Tomsk Oblast]], [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Chumash people|Chumash]]
| [[Chumashan languages]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">The last of the Chumashan languages went extinct in 1965 but revival efforts have been ongoing since 2010.</ref>
| United States (California)
|
| Christianity, [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Chutiya people|Chutiya]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Sal languages|Sal]] → [[Deori language|Deori]]<ref name="Assam" group="note" />
| India ([[Assam]])
| [[Deori people|Deori]]
| [[Ekasarana Dharma]]
|-
| [[Chuukese people|Chuukese]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Micronesian languages|Micronesian]] → [[Chuukese language|Chuukese]]
| [[Federated States of Micronesia]] ([[Chuuk Lagoon]]) 
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Chuvans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Russian language|Russian]]; [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages|Chukotko-Kamchatkan]] → [[Chukotkan languages|Chukotkan]] → [[Chukchi language|Chukchi]]; historically [[Yukaghir languages|Yukaghir]] → [[Chuvan language|Chuvan]]
| Russia ([[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug|Chukotka]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]] 
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuric languages|Oghur]] → [[Chuvash language|Chuvash]]
| Russia ([[Chuvashia]])
| [[Virjal]], [[Anatri]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]]; [[Vattisen Yaly]]
|-
| [[Kelantan Peranakan Hokkien|Cina Kampung]]<ref name="hsk">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919021444/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/KIRINPUTRA/reclassifying-ISO-639-3-nan/main/Reclassifying_ISO_639-3_%5Bnan%5D__An_Empirical_Approach_to_Mutual_Intelligibility_and_Ethnolinguistic_Distinctions.pdf |archive-date=2021-09-19 |url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/KIRINPUTRA/reclassifying-ISO-639-3-nan/main/Reclassifying_ISO_639-3_%5Bnan%5D__An_Empirical_Approach_to_Mutual_Intelligibility_and_Ethnolinguistic_Distinctions.pdf |title=Reclassifying ISO 639-3 [nan]: An Empirical Approach to Mutual Intelligibility and Ethnolinguistic Distinctions}}</ref>
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]], [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]], and [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Southern Thai language|Southern Thai]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Kelantan–Pattani Malay]], and [[Hokkien]] → [[Kelantan Peranakan Hokkien]]
| Malaysia ([[Kelantan]])
|
| [[Buddhism]] and [[Chinese folk religion]] → [[Theravada]] and [[Ancestor veneration in China|Chinese ancestor worship]] → [[Ethnic religion|Cina Kampung religion]]
|-
| [[Cinta Larga]]
| [[Tupian languages|Tupian]] → [[Monde languages|Monde]] → [[Cinta Larga language|Cinta Larga]]
| Brazil ([[Amazon rainforest]])
|
| [[Indigenous religion]], [[Santo Daime]]
|-
| [[Circassians]] 
| [[Northwest Caucasian languages|Northwest Caucasian]] → [[Circassian languages|Circassian]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Russia ([[Circassia]])<ref name="Circassian genocide" group="note" />
| [[Abzakhs]], [[Adyghe people|Adygeans]], [[Besleney]]s, [[Bzhedugs]], [[Chemirgoys]], [[Cherkess]], [[Kabardians]], [[Natukhajs]], [[Shapsugs]], [[Ubykh people|Ubykhs]], [[Makhosh]], [[Yegeruqway]]s and [[Hatuqway]]s, with [[Circassian diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Circassians in Turkey|Turkey]], [[Circassians in Israel|Israel]], [[Circassians in Syria|Syria]], [[Circassians in Jordan|Jordan]], [[Circassians in Iran|Iran]], [[Circassians in Germany|Germany]], [[Circassians in Iraq|Iraq]], [[Circassians in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], the [[Circassian Americans|United States]], [[Circassians in Egypt|Egypt]], [[Circassians in Libya|Libya]], and [[Circassians in Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabia]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]] → [[Hanafi school|Hanafism]], [[Sufism]] → [[Naqshbandi]]sm
|-
| [[Cirebonese people|Cirebonese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]] → [[Javanese language|Javanese]] → [[Cirebonese people#Language|Cirebonese]]
| Indonesia ([[Cirebon]])
|
| Islam	
|-
| [[Clatsop]]
| [[Chinookan languages|Chinookan]], [[Wakashan languages|Wakashan]], and [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Lower Chinook]], [[Nootka Jargon]], [[Germanic languages|Germanic]], and [[Italic languages|Italic]] → [[Chinook Jargon]]; historically [[Chinookan languages|Chinookan]] → [[Lower Chinook]] → Clatsop
| United States (Oregon)
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Cocopah]]
| [[Yuman-Cochimí languages|Yuman]] → [[Cocopah language|Cocopah]]
| [[Mexico]] ([[Baja California]], [[Sonora]]), United States (Arizona)
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| | [[Cocos Malays]]
| [[Malay trade and creole languages|Malay creoles]] → [[Cocos Malay]]
| Australia ([[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]])
| significant populations in Malaysia
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Cofan people|Cofan]]
| [[Cofan language]]
| [[Ecuador]] ([[Sucumbios]]), [[Colombia]] ([[Putumayo department|Putumayo]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Coloureds]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Afrikaans]], [[Kaaps]], [[English language|English]]
| South Africa ([[Western Cape]])
|[[Cape Coloureds]] (South Africa), [[Basters]] ([[Namibia]])
| Christianity
|-
| [[Comanche]]
| [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] → [[Numic languages|Numic]] → [[Comanche language|Comanche]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]
| United States ([[Comancheria]])
|
| [[Native American Church]], Christianity
|-
| [[Demographics of the Comoros|Comorians]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Comorian languages|Comorian]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Comoros]], France ([[Mayotte]])
| [[Grande Comore|Grande Comorians]], [[Anjouan]]s, [[Mohéli]]ans, [[Mayotte|Maorais]], Significant population in [[Comorians in France|Metropolitan France]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[White Bahamians|Conch]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]], [[English-based creole languages|English creole]] → [[Bahamian Creole]]
| [[Bahamas]]
| 
| Christianity
|-
| [[Cook Islanders]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Cook Islands Māori]], [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Penrhyn language|Penrhyn]], [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Rakahanga-Manihiki language|Rakahanga-Manihiki]], [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Pukapukan language|Pukapukan]]
| [[Cook Islands]]
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Copts]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]] → [[Coptic language|Coptic]],<ref group="note">The original [[Egyptian language]], which morphed into the Coptic language around the 1st century AD, died out as a spoken language around the 17th century and is now only [[Liturgical language|used for religious ceremonies]]. Today, the Egyptians, including the Copts, speak [[Egyptian Arabic]].</ref> [[Egyptian Sign Language|Egyptian Sign]]
| [[Egypt]], Sudan, [[Libya]]
| [[Upper Egypt]] ([[Sa'idi people|Sa'idi]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://arabi.ahram.org.eg/arabi/Ahram/2009/5/9/Fron0.htm |title=::الأهرام العربي - الصفحة الأولى :: |access-date=2010-09-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123083655/http://arabi.ahram.org.eg/arabi/Ahram/2009/5/9/fron0.htm |archive-date=2010-01-23 }}</ref> [[Sudan]] and [[Libya]] along with the [[Coptic diaspora]]
| Christianity → [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodoxy]] → [[Coptic Orthodox Church|Coptic Orthodoxy]]; Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] → [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholicism]] → [[Coptic Catholic Church|Coptic Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Cornish people|Cornish]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] → [[Cornish language|Cornish]];<ref name="Celts" group="note">Due to a long history of English dominance within Great Britain, the Celtic languages within the islands have seen steady decline in use, with some of them eventually going extinct. Although all of them have since seen major [[Language revitalization|language revival movements]], English continues to be main language for the majority of this group.</ref> [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Cornish dialect|Cornish English]]; [[BANZSL]] → [[British Sign Language|British Sign]]
| United Kingdom ([[Cornwall]])
| [[Cornish diaspora|Significant populations]] in the [[Cornish Americans|United States]] and [[Cornish Australians|Australia]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Anglicanism]], [[Methodism]]
|-
| [[Corsicans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Corsican language|Corsican]]<ref name="France" group="note" />
| France ([[Corsica]])
| [[Corsican Americans]] (including [[Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico|Corsican Puerto Ricans]])
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Cossacks]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]]
| [[Russia]], [[Kazakhstan]]
| [[Terek Cossacks]], [[Don Cossacks]], [[Kuban Cossacks]], [[Ural Cossacks]], [[Astrakhan Cossacks]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Coushatta]]
| [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] → Alabama–Koasati → [[Koasati language|Koasati]]
| United States ([[Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana#Reservation|Coushatta Indian Reservation]], [[Alabama–Coushatta Tribe of Texas#Reservation|Alabama–Coushatta Reservation]], [[Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Cree]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Cree language|Cree]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="First Nation" group="note">Due to the a [[Canadian Indian residential school system|long history]] of [[forced assimilation]] by the Canadian government, the vast majority can only either speak [[Canadian English|English]].</ref>
| Canada ([[Alberta]], [[Saskatchewan]], [[Manitoba]], [[Ontario]], [[Quebec]], [[Newfoundland and Labrador]])
| [[Grand Council of the Crees|James Bay Cree]], [[Moose Cree]], [[Swampy Cree]], [[Woodland Cree]], [[Papaschase]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Crimean Tatars]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Crimean Tatar dialects|Middle Crimean Tatar]], [[Crimean Tatar dialects|Northern Crimean Tatar]], [[Dobrujan Tatar]]; [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Balkan Gagauz language|Balkan Gagauz]] → [[Crimean Tatar dialects|Southern Crimean Tatar]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Balkan Romani]] → Crimean Romani
| [[Ukraine]] ([[Crimea]])
| Steppe, Mountain, and Southcoast tribes, [[Crimean Roma]] (including Urmacheli, Krimurja, Tayfa), along with [[Crimean Tatar diaspora|Significant populations]] in [[Crimean Tatars in Turkey|Turkey]], [[Tatars of Romania#Crimean Tatars|Romania]], and[Uzbekistan
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Croats]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Shtokavian]], [[Chakavian]], [[Kajkavian]], [[Torlakian dialects|Torlakian]], [[Burgenland Croatian]], and [[Slavomolisano dialect|Slavomolisano]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → Austro-Hungarian Sign → [[Yugoslav Sign Language|Yugoslav Sign]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] ([[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]), [[Kosovo]], Austria ([[Burgenland]]), and surrounding regions
| [[Bunjevci]], [[Krashovani]], [[Janjevci]], [[Šokci]], [[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian and Herzegovinian Croats]], [[Croats of Montenegro|Montenegrin Croats]], [[Croats of Serbia|Serbian Croats]], [[Croats of Slovenia|Slovenian Croats]], [[Burgenland Croats]], [[Croat Muslims]], along with [[Croatian diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Croats of Italy|Italy]] (including [[Molise Croats]]), the [[Croats in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]], the [[Croatian Americans|United States]], [[Croatian Chileans|Chile]], [[Croatian Argentines|Argentina]], [[Croats in Germany|Germany]], [[Croatian Australians|Australia]] and [[Croatian Canadians|Canada]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Crow people|Crow]]
| [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] → [[Western Siouan languages|Western Siouan]] → [[Crow language|Crow]]
| United States (Montana)
|
| Christianity, [[Crow religion]]
|-
| [[Czechoslovaks]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
| [[Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia]]
| Significant populations in Canada and the United States
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Czechs]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Czech language|Czech]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → Austro-Hungarian Sign → [[Czech Sign Language|Czech Sign]]
| [[Czech Republic]] 
| [[Bohemian (demonym)|Bohemian]]s, [[Chodové]], [[Chods]], along with [[Czech diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Czech Americans|United States]] and [[Czech Canadians|Canada]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]<ref name="non-religious" group="note">Largest practiced religion; the majority/plurality of this group are actually [[Irreligion|non-religious]].</ref>
|- id=D
| [[Dagaaba people|Dagaaba]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Gur languages|Gur]] → [[Dagaare language|Dagaare]]
| [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]] 
|
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Dagomba people|Dagombas]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Gur languages|Gur]] → [[Dagbani language|Dagbani]]
| [[Ghana]] ([[Kingdom of Dagbon]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Damara people|Damara]]
| [[Khoe languages|Khoe]] → [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoe]]
| [[Namibia]] ([[Damaraland]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Damia people|Damia]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Dameli language|Dameli]]
| Pakistan ([[Chitral District]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Dane-zaa]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Dane-zaa language|Dane-zaa]]
| Canada ([[British Columbia]], [[Alberta]])
|
| Christianity, [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Danes]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Danish language|Danish]], [[East Danish]], [[Jutlandic dialect|Jutish]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Danish Sign Language family|DTSic]] → [[Danish Sign Language|Danish Sign]]
| [[Danish Realm]] ([[Denmark]]), Germany ([[Southern Schleswig]])
| Significant populations in the [[Danish Americans|United States]], [[Danish Canadians|Canada]], [[Danish people in Greenland|Greenland]], and [[Danish minority of Southern Schleswig|Germany]].
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]
|-
| [[Dani people|Dani]]
| [[Trans-New Guinea]] → [[West Papuan Highlands languages|West Papuan Highlands]] → [[Dani languages|Dani]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Papua New Guinea]] ([[Baliem Valley]])
| Indonesia ([[Highland Papua]])
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]], Islam
|-
| [[Dargins]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Dargin languages|Dargin]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Russia ([[Dagestan]])
| [[Kaitags]], [[Kubachi language|Kubachis]], [[Itsari language|Itsaris]], [[Chirag language|Chirags]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Daur people|Daurs]]
| [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] → [[Dagur language|Dagur]]
| China ([[Inner Mongolia]], [[Heilongjiang]], [[Xinjiang]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Dawoodi Bohra]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] → [[Lisan ud-Dawat]]
| India, Pakistan
|
| Islam → [[Shia]] → [[Isma'ilism]] → [[Tayyibi Isma'ilism]]
|-
| [[Deccanis|Deccani]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] → [[Deccani language|Deccani]]
| India ([[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]])
| [[Hyderabadi Muslims|Hyderabadi]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]] → [[Sufism]]; Islam → [[Shia Islam|Shi'ism]] → [[Isma'ilism]] → [[Nizari Isma'ilism]]
|-
| [[Deg Xit'an]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Deg Xinag language|Deg Xinag]]
| United States (Alaska)
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Dena'ina]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Dena'ina language|Dena'ina]]
| United States (Alaska)
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Dharug]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Yuin–Kuric languages|Yuin–Kuric]] → [[Dharug language|Dharug]]
| Australia ([[Sydney]])
|
| [[Dreamtime]]
|-
| [[Dhimal]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Dhimalish languages|Dhimalish]] → [[Dhimal language|Dhimal]]
| [[Nepal]]
|
| [[Hinduism]], [[Kirat Mundhum|Kiratism]]
|-
| [[Dinka people|Dinka]] 
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Dinka language|Dinka]] 
| [[South Sudan]]
|
| Christianity, [[Dinka religion]]
|-
| [[Tatars in Romania|Dobrujan Tatars]] 
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Dobrujan Tatar]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
| [[Romania]] ([[Constanța County]])
| 
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Dogon people|Dogon]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Dogon languages|Dogon]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Bangime language|Bangime]]; [[Tebul Sign Language|Tebul Sign]]
| [[Mali]] ([[Bandiagara Escarpment]])
| [[Ampari Dogon]] (including Nyamboli), [[Tebul Dogon|Tebul U]], [[Mombo Dogon]], [[Escarpment Dogon]] (including [[Tommo So]]), [[Jamsai Dogon]], [[Nanga Dogon]], [[Yanda Dogon]], [[Bankan Tey Dogon|Walo]], [[Ben Tey Dogon|Beente]], [[Duleri Dogon]], [[Penange Dogon|Pinia]], [[Bondum Dogon]], [[Dogul Dogon]], [[Budu Dogon|Budu]], [[Western Plains Dogon]], [[Toro-tegu Dogon]], [[Bangime language|Bangande]]
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Dogras]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Dogri language|Dogri]]
| India ([[Jammu Division]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Dolgans]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → [[Dolgan language|Dolgan]]
| Russia ([[Krasnoyarsk Krai]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Dom people|Doms]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Domari language|Domari]], [[Garachi#Language|Garachi]]
| [[Azerbaijan]], [[Middle East]], [[North Africa]]
| [[Garachi]], with significant populations in [[Doms in Egypt|Egypt]], [[Doms in Israel|Israel]], [[Doms in Libya|Libya]], [[Doms in Sudan|Sudan]], [[Doms in Syria|Syria]], and [[Doms in Tunisia|Tunisia]]
| Islam, [[Judaism]]
|-
| [[Dominickers]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[American English]]
| United States ([[Holmes County, Florida]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Dongxiangs]]
| [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] → [[Shirongol languages|Shirongolic]] → [[Santa language|Santa]]
| China, ([[Gansu]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Druze]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Arabic]] → [[Levantine Arabic]]; [[German Sign Language family|DGSic]] → [[Israeli Sign Language|Israeli Sign]]
| [[Levant]] ([[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], [[Israel]], [[Jordan]])
| [[Lebanese Druze]], [[Druze in Syria|Syrian Druze]], [[Druze in Israel|Israeli Druze]], [[Druze in Jordan|Jordanian Druze]]
| [[Druze|Druzism]]<ref>{{cite book|last=De McLaurin|first=Ronald|title=The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East|publisher=Michigan University Press|year=1979|isbn=9780030525964|page=114|quote=Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above..}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/faq/druze-syria|title=Druze in Syria|publisher=Harvard University|quote=The Druze are an ethnoreligious group concentrated in Syria, Lebanon, and Israel with around one million adherents worldwide. The Druze follow a millenarian offshoot of Isma’ili Shi'ism. Followers emphasize Abrahamic monotheism but consider the religion as separate from Islam.}}</ref> 
|-
| [[Dubla]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Bhil languages|Bhil]] → [[Dubli language|Dubli]]<ref group="note">Due to their [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|historical low status in India]], the majority only speak Gujarati.</ref>
| [[Gujarat]] (India)
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Dukha people|Dukha]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → Taiga Sayan Turkic → [[Dukhan language|Dukhan]]
| [[Mongolia]] ([[Khövsgöl Province]])
|
| [[Shamanism]] → [[Indigenous religion|Dukha indigenous religion]]
|-
| [[Dutch people|Dutch]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Low Franconian]] → [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Dutch Low Saxon]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Dutch Sign Language|Dutch Sign]]
| Netherlands
| Northern Dutch (including [[Holland]]ers, [[Zeeland]]ers), Southern Dutch<ref name="Southern Dutch" group="note">The Flemings and Dutch, particularly Southern Dutch, have many cultural and linguistic characteristics in common, but due to a combination of religious differences and popular stereotypes within the Netherlands and Flanders based on the cultural extremes of the Northern and Southern Dutch regions, most Flemings will not consider themselves ethnically Dutch and vice versa.</ref> (including [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Dutch Limburgers]], [[North Brabant]]ians, [[Kleverlandish|Kleverlanders]])
| Christianity<ref name="non-religious" group="note" />
|-
| [[Dwe'e people|Dwe'e]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Nzime language|Nzime]]
| [[Cameroon]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Dyula people|Dyula]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Mande languages|Mande]] → [[Manding languages|Manding]] → [[Dyula language|Dyula]]
| [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Mali]]
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|- id=E
| [[East Indian Catholics]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[East Indian language|East Indian Mahratti]]
| India ([[Seven Islands of Bombay]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]] → [[Latin Church|Latin Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Ebira people|Ebira]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Nupoid languages|Nupoid]] → [[Ebira language|Ebira]]
| Nigeria ([[Kogi State]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Edo people|Edo]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Edoid languages|Edoid]] → [[Edo language|Edo]]
| Nigeria ([[Edo State]])
| [[Ika people|Ika]], [[Emai people|Emai]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Efik people|Efik]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Cross River languages|Cross River]] → [[Ibibio-Efik languages|Ibibio-Efik]] → [[Efik language|Efik]]
| Nigeria ([[Cross River State]])
|
| Christianity, [[Efik mythology|Efik religion]]
|-
| [[Ekari people|Ekari]]
| [[Trans-New Guinea]] → [[Ekari language|Ekari]]
| Indonesia ([[Wissel Lakes]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Ekoi people|Ekoi]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantoid languages|Bantoid]] → [[Jagham language|Jagham]]
| Nigeria, [[Cameroon]]
|
| Christianity, [[Ekoi mythology|Ekoi religion]]
|-
| [[Embera people|Embera]]
| [[Choco languages|Choco]] → [[Embera languages|Embera]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Colombia]] ([[Choco Department]]), [[Panama]] ([[Darien Province|Darien]], [[Comarca Embera-Wounaan|Embera]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Enets]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Samoyedic languages|Samoyedic]] → [[Enets language|Enets]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Russia ([[Krasnoyarsk Krai]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[English people|English]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]
| [[England]]
| [[New Forest commoner]]s, [[Isle of Wight|Vectensians]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Eora]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Yuin–Kuric languages|Yuin–Kuric]] → [[Dharug language|Dharug]]
| Australia ([[Sydney]])
|
| [[Dreamtime]]
|-
| [[Erzyas]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Mordvinic languages|Mordvinic]] → [[Erzya language|Erzya]]
| Russia ([[Mordovia]]), [[Armenia]] ([[Gegharkunik Province]])
| [[Shoksha]]s, Erzya Molokans<ref name="mordva">[http://www.niign.ru/novosti/issledovanie-zhizni-i-byita-molokan-erzya-v-armenii Исследование традиционной культуры и быта молокан-эрзя в Армении]. НИИ ГН при правительстве Республики Мордовия</ref>
| Christianity → [[Russian Orthodoxy|Russian Orthodox]], [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]; [[Erzyan native religion|Erzyas native religion]]
|-
| [[Esan people|Esan]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Edoid languages|Edoid]] → [[Esan language|Esan]]
| Nigeria ([[Esanland]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Estonians]] 
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Finnic languages|Finnic]] → [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Finnic languages|Finnic]] → [[South Estonian]], [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Russian Sign Language|RSLic]] → [[Estonian Sign Language|Estonian Sign]]
| [[Estonia]], [[Setomaa]] ([[Estonia]] and Russia), [[Latvia]] ([[Ludza]], [[Gauja]])
| [[Setos]], [[Võros]], [[Hiiumaa]]ns, [[Saaremaa]]ns, [[Ludza Estonians]], [[Gauja Estonians]], with significant populations in [[Estonian Argentines|Argentina]], [[Estonian Australians|Australia]], [[Estonian Canadians|Canada]], [[Estonians in Finland|Finland]], Georgia (including [[Estonians in Abkhazia|Abkhazia]]), the [[Estonian Americans|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]<ref name="non-religious" group="note" />
|-
| [[Eurasian Singaporeans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]
| Singapore
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Evenks]]
| [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] → Northern Tungusic → [[Evenki language|Evenki]]
| Russia, China
| 
| [[Shamanism in Siberia|Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Evens]]
| [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] → Northern Tungusic → [[Even language|Even]], [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → [[Yakut language|Yakut]]
| Russia ([[Kamchatka Krai]], [[Magadan Oblast]], [[Sakha Republic|Sakha]])
|
| [[Shamanism in Siberia|Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Ewe people|Ewe]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Kwa languages|Kwa]] → [[Ewe language|Ewe]], [[Waci language|Waci]], Kpessi
| [[Togo]], [[Ghana]]
| [[Agave people|Agave]], [[Agome people|Agome]], [[Anlo Ewe|Anlo]], [[Avenor Ewe|Avenor]], [[Waci language|Waci]]
| Christianity, [[West African Vodun]]
|-
| [[Eyak]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Eyak language|Eyak]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]
| United States ([[Alaska]])
|
| Christianity
|- id=F
| [[Falkland Islanders]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Falkland Islands English]]
| [[British Overseas Territories]] ([[Falkland Islands]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Fang people|Fang]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Fang language|Fang]]
| [[Equatorial Guinea]] ([[Rio Muni]]), [[Gabon]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Faroe Islanders]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Faroese language|Faroese]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Danish language|Danish]] → [[Gøtudanskt accent|Gøtudanskt]]
| [[Danish Realm]] ([[Faroe Islands]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]
|-
| [[Fijians]]<ref group="note">Endonymically known as iTaukei.</ref>
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Central Pacific languages|Central Pacific]] → [[Fijian language|Fijian]]
| [[Fiji]] 
| Significant populatitons in the [[Fijian Americans|United States]], [[Fijian Australians|Australia]], the [[Fijians in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Methodism]]
|-
| [[Finns]] 
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Finnic languages|Finnic]] → [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Meänkieli]], [[Siberian Ingrian Finnish]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Finland Swedish]]; [[Swedish Sign Language family|SSLic]] → [[Finnish Sign Language|FSLic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Fennoscandia]] (Finland, Russia, Sweden, Norway)
| [[Forest Finns]], [[Tornedalians]], [[Ingrian Finns]] (including [[Siberian Finns]] (including [[Siberian Ingrian Finnish|Korlaks]])), [[Savonian people|Savonians]], [[Tavastians]], [[Finns proper]], [[Ostrobothnians]], [[Karelians (Finns)|Finnish Karelians]], [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland|Finland Swedes]], [[Kainuu people|Kainuu]], and [[Murmansk Finns]], along with significant populations in [[Sweden Finns|Sweden]], [[Finns in Switzerland|Switzerland]], [[Finnish Australians|Australia]], [[Finnish Americans|United States]] (including [[Findians]]), [[Finnish Argentine|Argentina]], and [[Finnish Canadians|Canada]] (including [[Findians]]).
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]
|-
| [[Fipa people|Fipa]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] ([[Guthrie classification of Bantu languages#Zone M|Zone M]]) → [[Fipa language|Fipa]], [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Mambwe-Lungu language|Mambwe-Lungu]]
| [[Rukwa Region]], Tanzania ([[Sumbawanga Rural District]], [[Nkasi District]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Flemish people|Flemings]]<ref name="Southern Dutch" group="note"/>
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Zeelandic]], [[West Flemish]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]] → [[Flemish dialects|Flemish]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → Belgian Sign → [[Flemish Sign Language|Flemish Sign]]
| Belgium ([[Flanders]], [[Brussels]]), France ([[French Flanders]]), Netherlands ([[Zeelandic Flanders]])
| [[Flanders|Belgian Flemings]], [[Zeelandic Flanders|Zeelandic Flemings]], [[French Flanders|French Flemings]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Fon people|Fon]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Kwa languages|Kwa]] → [[Gbe languages|Gbe]] → [[Fon language|Fon]]
| [[Benin]] ([[Dahomey]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[West African Vodun]]
|-
| [[French people|French]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[French language|French]]<br>[[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[French Sign Language|French Sign]]<br>[[American Sign Language|American Sign]] → [[Quebec Sign Language|Quebec Sign]] (used only by the Quebecois)
| France
| [[Bigordans]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[French Canadians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[French language|French]] → [[Canadian French]], [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[French Sign Language|French Sign]] and [[American Sign Language|American Sign]] → [[Quebec Sign Language|Quebec Sign]]
| [[Canada]] 
| [[Quebecois people|Quebecois]], [[Acadians]] (including [[Chiac]]), [[Franco-Newfoundlander|Franco-Terreneuvians]], [[Franco-Ontarians|Franco-Ontariens]], [[Franco-Manitoban|Franco-Manitobains]], [[Fransaskois]], [[Franco-Albertans|Franco-Albertains]], [[Franco-Columbian|Franco-Colombiens]], [[Franco-Yukonnais]], [[Franco-Tenois]], [[List of people from Nunavut|Franco-Nunavois]], [[Brayon]]s, [[Muskrat French]], [[French-Canadian Americans]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[French Louisianians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[French-based creole languages|French Creole]] → [[Louisiana Creole language|Louisiana Creole]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[French language|French]] → [[Louisiana French]], [[Missouri French]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Cajun English]]; historically [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[French-based creole languages|French Creole]] → [[Alabama Creole people|Alabama Creole]]
| United States (Louisiana, Alabama, and Missouri)
| [[Louisiana Creole people|Louisiana Creoles]] (including [[Cajuns|Louisiana Cajuns]] and [[Creoles of color|Louisiana Creoles of color]]), [[Alabama Creole people|Alabama Creoles]] (including [[Alabama Creole people#Alabama Cajans|Alabama Cajuns]]), and [[Missouri French|Missouri Creoles]]
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Louisiana Voodoo]]
|-
| [[Frisians]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Frisian languages|Frisian]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Friso-Saxon dialects|Friso-Saxon]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Dutch language|Dutch]] → [[West Frisian Dutch]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and [[West Frisian language|Mainland West Frisian]] → [[Stadsfries Dutch]]
| [[Frisia]] (Netherlands, Germany, historically [[Denmark]]) 
| [[West Frisians]] (including Westlauwers Frisians, Hindeloopen Frisians, Molkwerum Frisians, Schiermonnikoog Frisians, and Terschelling Frisians), [[East Frisians]], [[North Frisians]], [[Saterland Frisians]], with significant populations in the [[Frisian Americans|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Calvinism]], [[Lutheranism]]<ref name="non-religious" group="note">Largest practiced religion; the majority/plurality of this group are actually [[Irreligion|non-religious]].</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival|last=Williams|first=Victoria R.|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2020|isbn=9781440861178|pages=351|language=En|url=https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|volume=4|access-date=9 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518192508/https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|archive-date=18 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Friulians]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Friulian language|Friulian]]
| Italy ([[Friuli]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Fula people|Fula]] 
| [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → [[Senegambian languages|Senegambian]] → [[Fula language|Fula]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[West Africa]] ([[Guinea]], [[Senegal]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]], Nigeria, [[Cameroon]], [[Niger]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Benin]], [[Chad]])<ref name="nomadic" group="note">This ethnic group is largely a nomadic or semi-nomadic one and do not have a particular area to claim as a primary homeland; these countries are listed here due to having a significant population.</ref>
| [[Wodaabe]], [[Maasina Fulfulde]], [[Fula people of Sierra Leone|Sierra Leonean Fula]]
| Islam
|-
| [[Fur people|Fur]]
| [[Fur languages|Furan]] → [[Fur language|Fur]]
| [[Sudan]] ([[Darfur]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Futuna (Wallis and Futuna)|Futunans]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Futunan]]
| France ([[Wallis and Futuna]])
| 
| Christianity
|-
| [[Fuyu Kyrgyz people|Fuyu Kyrgyz]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → [[Fuyu Kyrgyz language|Fuyu Kyrgyz]]
| China ([[Fuyu County, Heilongjiang|Fuyu County]])
|
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Vajrayana]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]]
|- id=G
| [[Ga-Adangbe people|Ga-Adangbe]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Kwa languages|Kwa]] → [[Ga–Dangme languages|Ga–Dangme]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Greater Accra]] ([[Ghana]])
| [[Ga language|Ga]], [[Dangme language|Adangbe]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Tongva|Gabrieleños]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] → [[Takic languages|Takic]] → [[Tongva language|Gabrieleno]]<ref group="note">The Gabrieleno language went extinct around 1900, but revival efforts have been ongoing since the 2000s. Most are fluent in English and/or Spanish</ref>
| United States ([[California]])
|
| [[Native American religion]], Christianity
|-
|[[Gaddang people|Gaddang]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/gad/ | title=Gaddang | website=Ethnologue | access-date=15 July 2023 }}</ref>
|[[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Northern Luzon languages|Northern Luzon]] → [[Cagayan Valley languages|Cagayan Valley]] → [[Gaddang language|Gaddang]]<ref group="note">Otherwise known as Cagayan.</ref>
|Philippines ([[Cagayan Valley]], [[Cordillera Administrative Region]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dioscese of Bayombong |url=http://www.cbcponline.net/jurisdictions/bayombong.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617163118/http://www.cbcponline.net/jurisdictions/bayombong.html |archive-date=2010-06-17 |access-date=2013-04-24 |website=CBCP}}</ref>
| Ga'dang, Gaddang proper, Yogad, Maddukayang, Katalangan, Iraya, along with [[Overseas Filipinos|significant populations]] in the [[Filipinos in Japan|rest of Asia]], [[Filipino Australians|Australia]], [[Filipino Canadians|Canada]], [[Spanish people of Filipino ancestry|Europe]], [[Overseas Filipino Worker|Middle East]], [[Filipinos in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], and [[Filipino Americans|United States]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/glimpses-peoples-of-the-philippines/yogad/ | title=Peoples of the Philippines: Yogad | access-date=2 September 2021 | archive-date=2 September 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902132621/https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/glimpses-peoples-of-the-philippines/yogad/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| Christianity → [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]]<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/PHIILIPPINES_FINAL%20PDF.pdf |title=2010 Census of Population and Housing, Report No. 2A: Demographic and Housing Characteristics (Non-Sample Variables), Philippines |publisher=National Statistics Office |date=2013 |access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[Gade people|Gade]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Nupoid languages|Nupoid]] → [[Gade language|Gade]]
| Nigeria ([[Niger State]])
|
| Gobo
|-
| [[Gagauz people|Gagauz]] 
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Gagauz language|Gagauz]]
| [[Moldova]] ([[Gagauzia]], [[Taraclia District|Taraclia]], [[Basarabeasca District|Basarabeasca]]), [[Ukraine]] ([[Budjak]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Gajal]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
| [[Bulgaria]] ([[Ludogorie]]), Turkey ([[East Thrace]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Galela language|Galela]]
| [[West Papuan languages|West Papuan]] → [[North Halmahera languages|North Halmahera]] → [[Galela language|Galela]] 
| Indonesia ([[North Maluku]])
|
| Islam, Christianity
|-
| [[Galicians]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Galician language|Galician]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Castrapo]]
| Spain ([[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], [[Galicia irredenta]]) 
| [[Couto Misto|Couto Mixtans]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Gamilaraay]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Wiradhuric languages|Wiradhuric]] → [[Gamilaraay language|Gamilaraay]]
| Australia ([[New South Wales]], [[Queensland]])
|
| [[Dreamtime|Alcheringa]]
|-
| [[Baganda|Ganda]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Great Lakes Bantu languages|Great Lakes]] → [[Luganda]] 
| [[Uganda]] ([[Buganda]]) 
| [[Abayudaya]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Garhwali people|Garhwalis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]]
| India ([[Uttarakhand]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Garifuna]]s
| [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]] → [[Ta-Arawakan languages|Ta-Arawakan]] → [[Garifuna language|Garifuna]]<ref group="note">Like its speakers, the Garifuna language is the only remnant of the [[Island Carib language]].</ref>
| [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]<ref group="note">Following the [[Second Carib War]], the majority of the Garifuna were deported to Honduras, where they later spread to Guatemala, Belize, and Nicaragua. Since then, Honduras has seen high murder rates, causing many to flee to United States.</ref>
| Significant populations in the [[Garifuna Americans|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Garo people|Garos]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Sal languages|Sal]] → [[Garo language|Garo]]
| India ([[Garo Hills]])
|
| Christianity, [[Garo people#Songsarek|Songsarek]]
|-
| [[Gaviao (Je)]]
| [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Je]] → [[Jê languages|Je]] → [[Para Gaviao language|Para Gaviao]] → [[Parkateje dialect|Parkateje]], [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Je]] → [[Jê languages|Je]] → [[Para Gaviao language|Para Gaviao]] → [[Pykobje dialect|Pykobje]]
| Brazil ([[Pará]], [[Maranhão]])
| [[Parkateje dialect|Parkateje]], [[Pykobje dialect|Pykobje]]
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Gaviao (Rondonia)]]
| [[Tupian languages|Tupian]] → [[Monde languages|Monde]] → [[Gavião of Jiparaná]]
| Brazil ([[Rondonia]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Gayonese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages|Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands]] → [[Gayo language|Gayo]]
| Indonesia ([[Bener Meriah Regency|Bener Meriah]], [[Central Aceh Regency|Central Aceh]], and [[Gayo Lues Regency|Gayo Lues]] Regencies)
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Gbagyi people|Gbagyi]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Nupoid languages|Nupoid]] → [[Gwari language|Gwari]]
| Nigeria 
|
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Gbaya people|Gbaya]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Ubangian languages|Ubangian]] → [[Gbaya languages|Gbaya]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Central African Republic]], [[Cameroon]]
| [[Bokoto language|Bokoto]], [[Northwest Gbaya language|Kara]], [[Biyanda-Buli language|Buli]] (including [[Toongo language|Toongo]]), [[Ali language|Ali]], [[Mandja people|Mandja]], [[Gbeya language|Gbaya-Bossangoa]], [[Bozom language|Bozom]], [[Mbodomo language|Mbodomo]], [[Gbanu language|Gbanu]], [[Bangandu language|Bangandu]]
| Islam
|-
| [[Gedeo people|Gedeo]] 
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] → [[Gedeo language|Gedeo]]
| Ethiopia ([[Gedeo Zone|Gedeo]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[P'ent'ay]]
|-
| [[Gelao people|Gelao]] 
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]] → [[Kra languages|Kra]] → [[Gelao languages|Gelao]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">Many of the Gelao dialects are [[mutual intelligibility|mutually unintelligible]]; they are known to intermarry with other ethnic groups; recently, these factors have resulted in most of the populations speaking only [[Mandarin Chinese|Chinese]].</ref>
| China ([[Guizhou]])
|
| [[Taoism]], [[Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Georgians]]
| [[Kartvelian languages]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Nakh languages|Nakh]] → [[Bats language|Bats]]; [[Georgian Sign Language|Georgian Sign]]
| [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Azerbaijan]] ([[Saingilo]]), northern Turkey
| [[Adjarians]], [[Bats people|Bats]],<ref group="note">Although a [[Nakh peoples|Nakh]] people, they are heavily assimilated into Georgian society.</ref> [[Guria#Gurians|Gurians]], [[Imereti]]ans, [[Imerkhevians]], [[Ingiloy people|Ingiloys]], [[Javakhians]], [[Kakhetians]], [[Khevsurians]], [[Meskhetians]], [[Mingrelians]], [[Khevi|Mokheves]], [[Mtiuleti]]ans, [[Pshavi#People|Pshavs]], [[Racha|Rachians]], [[Svans]], [[Tushetians]], with [[Georgian diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Georgians in Turkey|Turkey]] (including [[Georgians in Turkey#Chveneburi|Chveneburi]]), [[Georgians in France|France]], [[Georgians in Belgium|Belgium]], [[Georgians in Poland|Poland]], [[Georgians in Russia|Russia]], [[Georgians in Spain|Spain]], [[Georgians in Ukraine|Ukraine]], the [[Georgian Americans|United States]], and [[Iranian Georgians|Iran]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Georgian Orthodox Church|Georgian Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Germans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[High German languages|High German]], [[Low German]]
| [[Germany]]
| [[Black Sea Germans]], [[Crimea Germans]], [[Volga Germans]], [[Transylvania Saxons]], [[Carpathian Germans]] with [[German diaspora|significant populations]] in [[German Americans|United States]], [[German Canadians|Canada]], [[German Brazilians|German]], [[German Argentines|Argentina]], and [[German Mexicans|Mexico]]
| [[Christianity]]
|-
| [[German-speaking Switzerland|German-speaking Swiss]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[High German languages|High German]] → [[Swiss German]]
| [[Switzerland]] ([[Aargau]], [[Appenzell]], [[Ausserrhoden]], [[Appenzell Innerrhoden]], [[Basel-Stadt]], [[Bael-Landschaft]], [[Glarus]], [[Lucerne]], [[Nidwalden]], [[Obwalde]], [[Schaffhausen]], [[Schwyz]], [[Solothurn]], [[St. Gallen]], [[Thurgau]], [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Zug]], [[Zurich]], [[Bern]], [[Fribourg]], [[Valais]], [[Grisons]]
|
| [[Christianity]] → [[Calvinism]]
|-
| [[Ghomaras]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Berber languages|Berber]] → [[Ghomara language|Ghomara]]
| [[Morocco]] (Western [[Rif]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Ghorbati]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Persian Romani|Ghorbati]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Central Asia]]
| [[Lyuli|Mugats]]
| Islam → [[Shia Islam]]
|-
| [[Gibraltarians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Llanito]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Gibraltarian English]]; [[BANZSL]] → [[British Sign Language|British Sign]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press-releases/government-publishes-bill-to-recognise-british-sign-language-as-a-language-of-gibraltar-2742022-7880|title=Government Publishes Bill to recognise British Sign Language as a language of Gibraltar – 274/2022|date=19 April 2022|access-date=24 November 2022|website=[[Government of Gibraltar]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123215047/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press-releases/government-publishes-bill-to-recognise-british-sign-language-as-a-language-of-gibraltar-2742022-7880|archive-date=23 November 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[British Overseas Territories]] ([[Gibraltar]])
| Significant populations in the [[Gibraltarians in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Gilaks]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Gilaki language|Gilaki]]
| [[Iran]] ([[Gilan province|Gilan]])
|
| Islam → [[Twelver Shi’ism]]
|-
| [[Gitxsan]]
| [[Tsimshianic languages|Tsimshianic]] → [[Nisga'a language|Nass]]–[[Gitxsan language|Gitksan]] → [[Gitxsan language|Gitxsan]]
| Canada ([[Skeena Country]])
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Gnawa]]s
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Arabic]] → [[Maghrebi Arabic]]
| [[Morocco]]
|
| Islam and [[Animism]] → [[Sufism]] and [[Animism]] → Gnawa religion
|-
| [[Goan Catholics]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Konkani language|Konkani]] → [[Goan Konkani]]
| India ([[Goa]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Godoberi people|Godoberis]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Avar–Andic languages|Avar–Andic]] → [[Godoberi language|Godoberi]]
| Russia ([[Dagestan]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Gogo people|Gogo]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Gogo language|Gogo]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Dodoma Region]])
|
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religions|African Traditional Religion]]
|-
| [[Gola people|Gola]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Gola language|Gola]]
| [[Liberia]], [[Sierra Leone]]
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Gondi people|Gonds]] 
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Gondi languages|Gondi]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">Due to their [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|historical low status in India]], the majority only speak Hindi.</ref>
| India ([[Gondwana (India)|Gondwana]])
| [[Godha]], [[Madia Gond]]s, [[Muria people|Muria]], [[Koya (tribe)|Koya]]
| [[Hinduism]], [[Gondi people#Koyapunem|Koyapunem]]
|-
| [[Gorals]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Lechitic languages|Lechitic]] → [[Gorals#Language|Gorolski]]<ref name="Gorolski" group="note">Gorolski is not a distinct language, but rather a group of Lechitic dialects spoken by Gorals that fall into various Lechitic languages.</ref>
| Southern Poland, northern [[Slovakia]], [[Cieszyn Silesia]] (Poland, [[Czech Republic]])
| [[Sącz Lachs]], [[Silesian Gorals]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]
|-
| [[Gorani people|Gorani]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Torlakian dialects|Torlakian]] → [[Gora dialect|Gorani]]
| [[Gora (region)|Gora]] ([[Kosovo]], [[Albania]], [[North Macedonia]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Gorontalo people|Gorontalo]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Gorontalo language|Gorontaloan]] 
| Indonesia ([[Gorontalo]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Somali Bantus|Gosha]]
| [[Niger-Congo languages|Niger-Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Zigula language|Zigula]] → Mushunguli
| [[Somalia]]
| 
| Islam
|-
| [[Great Andamanese]]
| [[Great Andamanese languages|Great Andamanese]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| India ([[Great Andaman]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Greeks]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Hellenic languages|Hellenic]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Urum language|Urum]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]] → [[Karamanli Turkish]], [[Tsalka language|Tsalka]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]], [[Megleno-Romanian language|Megleno-Romanian]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Albanian language|Albanian]] → [[Arvanitika]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Slavic dialects of Greece|Macedo-Bulgarian]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[French Sign Language|French Sign]] and [[American Sign Language|American Sign]] → [[Greek Sign Language|Greek Sign]]; [[Cypriot Sign Language|Cypriot Sign]]
| [[Greece]], Cyprus, [[Albania]] ([[Northern Epirus]]), [[Ukraine]] ([[Crimea]], [[Pryazovia]]), Turkey ([[Cappadocia]], [[Pontus (region)|Pontus]], [[Istanbul]]), Italy ([[Magna Graecia]]), [[Bulgaria]] ([[Balkan Mountains]], [[Rila]], Northeastern Bulgaria), [[North Macedonia]], Egypt, the [[Caucasus]], and surrounding regions
| [[Greek Cypriots]] (including [[Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus|Greek Northern Cypriots]]), [[Asia Minor Greeks]] (including [[Pontic Greeks]], [[Cappadocian Greeks]] (including [[Karamanlides]]), [[Istanbul Greek dialect|Constantinopolites]], [[Ionia|Ionian Greeks]]), [[Greek Muslims]] (including [[Vallahades]], [[Cretan Muslims]]), [[Sarakatsani]] (including Karakachani), [[Souliotes]], Azov Greeks (including [[Mariupol Greek]]s, [[Urums|Crimean Urums]]), [[Italiotes|Italiots]] (including [[Griko people|Grikos]] and [[Calabrian Greek|Grecanici]]), [[Macedonians (Greeks)|Macedonian Greeks]], [[Tsakonia]]ns, [[Maniots]], [[Karagounides]], {{ill|Mikrasiates|el|Μικρασιάτες}}, [[Phanariots]], [[Egyptian Greeks]] (including [[Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Alexandrian Greeks]]), [[Caucasus Greeks]] (including [[Urums#Tsalka Urums|Tsalka Urums]]), [[Sfakians]], [[Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia|Slavophone Greeks]], [[Corfu|Corfiot Greeks]], [[Melkite]]s (including [[Antiochian Greek Christians|Antiochian Greeks]] and [[Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem|Jerusalemite Greeks]]) and also sizeable populations of [[Arvanites]], [[Aromanians]] and [[Megleno-Romanians]] who identify as ethnic Greeks (including [[Greeks in Albania#Aromanians|Helleno-Vlachs]]), along with [[Greek diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Greeks in Albania|Albania]] (including [[Northern Epirus|Northern Epirotes]] (including [[Himariote dialect|Himariotes]])), [[Greeks in Turkey|Turkey]], [[Ukrainian Greeks|Ukraine]], [[Greeks in Georgia|Georgia]], the [[Greek Americans|United States]], the [[Greeks in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], [[Greeks in Germany|Germany]], [[Greeks in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], [[Greek Australians|Australia]], [[Greeks in France|France]], [[Greeks in Italy|Italy]], [[Greeks in Malta|Malta]], [[Greeks in Armenia|Armenia]], [[Egyptian Greeks|Egypt]], and [[Greek Canadians|Canada]]
| Christianity → [[Greek Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] → [[Greek Byzantine Catholic Church|Greek Byzantine Catholicism]], historically [[Greek mythology|Hellenism]], [[Neoplatonism]], [[Mystery religions|Greco-Roman Mysteries]]
|-
| [[Gros Ventre]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Gros Ventre language|Gros Ventre]]
| United States (Montana)
|
| [[Sun Dance]]
|-
| [[Guajajara]]
| [[Tupian languages|Tupian]] → [[Tenetehara language|Tenetehara]]
| Brazil ([[Maranhão]])
|
| [[Shamanism]], [[Santo Daime]]
|-
| [[Guang people|Guan]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Kwa languages|Kwa]] → [[Guang languages|Guang]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Ghana]] ([[Brong-Ahafo region|Brong-Ahafo]] and [[Volta Region|Volta]] Regions)
| [[Gonja people|Gonja]], [[Kyode people|Kyode]], [[Cherepon language|Cherepon]], [[Efutu people|Efutu]], [[Ginyanga language|Anyanga]], [[Larteh language|Larteh]], [[Chumburung language|Chumburung]], [[Krache language|Krache]], [[Gua language|Anum-Boso]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Guarani people|Guarani]]
| [[Tupian languages|Tupian]] → [[Guarani language|Guarani]]
| [[Paraguay]], [[Argentina]] ([[Misiones Province|Misiones]]), [[Bolivia]]
| [[Eastern Bolivian Guarani language|Chiriguanos]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] 
| India ([[Gujarat]]) 
| [[Koli people|Koli]], [[Bharwad]], [[Khoja]], [[Patidar]], [[Sunni Bohra]], [[Lohana]], [[Vagri]], [[Kharwa caste|Kharva]], [[Charan]], [[Baria caste|Baria]], [[Momna]], [[Ghanchi (Muslim)|Ghanchi]], [[Shenva]], [[Bhambi Khalpa]], [[Zarabes]], [[Bhoi]], [[Gujarati Americans]]
| [[Hinduism]], Islam, [[Jainism]]
|-
| [[Gumuz people|Gumuz]]
| [[Bʼaga languages]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Ethiopia ([[Benishangul-Gumuz Region]])
|
| [[Traditional African religion]]
|-
| [[Guna people|Guna]]
| [[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]] → [[Guna language|Guna]]
| [[Panama]] ([[Guna Yala]])
| 
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Gurage people|Gurage]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Ethiopian Semitic languages|Ethiopic]] → [[Gurage languages|Gurage]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> historically [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Ethiopian Semitic languages|Ethiopic]] → [[Mesmes language|Mesmes]]
| Ethiopia ([[Gurage Zone|Guragia]])
| [[Soddo language|Kistane]], [[Zay people|Zay]], [[Inor language|Inor]], [[Mesqan language|Mesqan]], [[Muher language|Muher]] [[Sebat Bet Gurage language|Sebat Bet]] (including [[Chaha language|Chaha]])
| Christianity
|-
| [[Gurindji people|Gurindji]]
| [[Pama–Nyungan languages|Pama–Nyungan]] → [[Ngumpin–Yapa languages|Ngumpin–Yapa]] → [[Gurindji language|Gurindji]], [[Pama–Nyungan languages|Pama–Nyungan]] and [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Gurindji language|Gurindji]] and [[Australian Kriol]] → [[Gurindji Kriol language|Gurindji Kriol]]
| Australia ([[Northern Territory]])
|
| [[The Dreaming|Dreamtime]]
|-
| [[Gurjar]]s
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Gujari language|Gujari]]
| Primarily Pakistan and India, also Afghanistan at smaller numbers
| [[Khatana]], [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]], [[Parihar (clan)|Parihar]], [[Tanwar]], [[Parmar (Rajput clan)|Parmar]], [[Chandel (Rajput clan)|chandel]], Chauhan, [[Bhadana]], [[Bhatti]], [[Kohli (clan)|Kohli]], [[Tomar]], [[Panwar]], [[Pawar]], [[Bainsla]], [[Bagri clan|Bagri]], [[Hans clan|Hans]], etc.
| Islam, [[Hinduism]], [[Sikhism]]
|-
| [[Gurma people|Gurma]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Gur languages|Gur]] → [[Gourmanche language|Gourmanche]]
| [[Gourma Province|Gurmaland]] ([[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]])
| [[Ntcham language|Ntcham]], [[Bimoba people|Bimoba]]
| Islam
|-
| [[Gurung people|Gurungs]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan language|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Gurung language|Gurung]]
| [[Nepal]], India ([[Sikkim]], [[West Bengal]])
|
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Vajrayana]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[Bon]], [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Gurunsi people|Gurunsi]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Gur languages|Gur]] → [[Gurunsi languages|Gurunsi]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]]
| [[Lukpa language|Lukpa]], [[Kabye people|Kabye]], [[Tem people|Tem]], [[Lamba people|Lamba]], [[Delo language|Delo]], [[Bago-Kusuntu language|Bago-Kusuntu]], [[Chala language|Chala]], [[Lyele language|Lyele]], [[Nuna people|Nuna]], [[Kalamse language|Kalamse]], [[Pana language (Gur)|Pana]], [[Winye language|Winye]], [[Deg language|Deg]], [[Puguli language|Puguli]], [[Paasaal language|Paasaal]], [[Sisaala language|Sisaala]], [[Chakali language|Chakali]], [[Siti language|Siti]], [[Tamprusi language|Tamprusi]], [[Vagla language|Vagla]]
| [[Traditional African religions]], Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Gwich'in]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Gwich'in language|Gwich'in]]
| Canada ([[Yukon Territory]], [[Northwest Territories]]), United States (Alaska)
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|- id=H
| [[Ha people|Ha]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Ha language|Ha]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Kigoma Region]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Hadiya people|Hadiya]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] → [[Hadiyya language|Hadiyya]]
| Ethiopia ([[Hadiya Zone|Hadiya]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Hadza people|Hadza]]
| [[Hadza language]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Karatu District]])
|
| [[Hadza people#Religion, myths, and tales|Hadza mythology]]
|-
| [[Haida people|Haida]]
| [[Haida language]]s,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> historically Haida Jargon
| Canada ([[Haida Gwaii]]), United States ([[Prince of Wales Island (Alaska)|Prince of Wales Island]])
| Kaigani Haida
| [[Haida mythology|Haida Traditional Faith]]
|-
| [[Haisla people|Haisla]]
| [[Wakashan languages|Wakashan]] → [[Haisla language|Haisla]]
| Canada ([[British Columbia]])
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Hän]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan language|Athabaskan]] → [[Hän language|Han]]
| Canada ([[Yukon Territory]]), United States (Alaska)
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Han Chinese]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Sinitic languages|Sinitic]] → [[Chinese language|Chinese]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Chinese Sign Language|CSLic languages]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Japanese Sign Language family|JSLic]] → [[Taiwan Sign Language|Taiwan Sign]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Manglish]], [[Singlish]], [[Hong Kong English]]; [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Malay trade and creole languages|Bazaar Malay]] → [[Malay trade and creole languages#Baba Malay|Baba Malay]]; [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Murutic languages|Murutic]]–[[Papar language|Papar]]–[[Tatana language|Tatana]] → [[Tatana language|Tatana]]; historically [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Chinese language|Chinese]] → [[Ba–Shu Chinese|Ba–Shu]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Chinese Pidgin English]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Russian language|Russian]] → [[Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin]]
| China, Taiwan, Singapore, [[Myanmar]] ([[Kokang]]), Malaysia ([[Labuan]], [[Sabah]])
| [[Subei people|Subei]], [[Cantonese people|Yue]] (including Cantonese, [[Punti]], [[Taishanese people|Taishanese]] (including [[Sze Yap people in Hong Kong|Taishanese Hongkongers]]), [[Hongkongers]] (including [[Punti]]), [[Macau people|Macau]], and [[Mauritians of Chinese origin#Cantonese / Namshun|Namshun]]), [[Tanka people|Tankas]] (including [[Fuzhou Tanka]]s), [[Maihua|Màirén]], [[Hui people|Hui]] (including [[Panthays]]), [[Min Chinese speakers|Fujianese]] (including [[Fuzhou people|Fuzhounese]], [[Hoklo people|Hoklos]], [[Hui'an maidens]], [[Putian people|Putianese]], [[Hong Kong people of Fujianese descent|Fujianese Hongkongers]], [[Mauritians of Chinese origin#Fokien / Fukien / Hokkien|Fokien]], and [[Teochew people|Teochew]]), [[Gaoshan Han]], [[Gan Chinese-speaking people|Gan]], [[Tunbao]], [[Pinghua]] (including Northern Pinghua and Southern Pinghua), [[Hakka people|Hakka]] (including [[Ngai people|Ngai]] (including [[Tanka people|Dan]])), [[Hainan people|Hainanese]], [[Hebei people|Hebei]], [[Hunanese people|Hunanese]], [[Jianghuai people|Jianghuai]], [[Shandong people|Shandong]], [[Sichuanese people|Sichuanese]], [[Wu Chinese-speaking people|Wu]] (including [[Shanghainese people|Shanghainese]], [[Ningbo]]nese, and [[Wenzhou people|Wenzhounese]]), [[Kokang Chinese]], [[Han Taiwanese]] (including [[Hoklo Taiwanese]] and [[Hakka Taiwanese]] and [[Waishengren]]), [[Chinese Singaporeans|Sino-Singaporeans]] (including [[Peranakans#Straits Chinese|Straits Chinese]]), [[Chin Haw]], [[Chinese people in Korea|Hwagyo]], [[Assamese Chinese|Zhongum]]), along with [[Overseas Chinese|significant populations]] in the [[Chinese Americans|United States]] (including [[Hoklo Americans|Hoklos]], [[Hong Kong Americans|Hongkongers]], [[Fuzhounese Americans]], and [[Hakka Americans|Hakkas]]), [[Ethnic Chinese in Mongolia|Mongolia]], [[Malaysian Chinese|Malaysia]] (including [[Penangite Chinese]], [[Peranakans#Straits Chinese|Straits Chinese]], [[Sino-Native]]s (including [[Dusun people#Dusun Tatana|Tatanas]]), and [[Peranakan]]s (including Baba-Nyonya and Kiau–Seng)), [[Thai Chinese|Thailand]], [[Chinese Indonesians|Indonesia]] (including [[Benteng people|Benteng]]), [[Chinese people in Myanmar|Myanmar]], [[Chinese Canadians|Canada]] (including [[Hong Kong Canadians|Hongkongers]]), the [[Chinese Filipino|Philippines]] (including [[Sangley]]s), [[Chinese Peruvians|Peru]], [[Chinese Australians|Australia]] (including [[Hong Kong Australians]]), [[Hoa people|Vietnam]] (including [[Chinese Nùng]] and [[Ngai people|Ngai]] (including [[Tanka people|Dan]])), [[Chinese people in Japan|Japan]], [[Ethnic Chinese in Russia|Russia]], [[Chinese diaspora in France|France]] (including [[Chinois (Reunion)|Chinois]] and [[Chinese diaspora in France#Wenzhounese|Wenzhounese French]]), the [[British Chinese|United Kingdom]] (including [[Hong Kongers in the United Kingdom|Hong Kong Britons]]), [[Chinese South Africans|South Africa]], [[Chinese people in Italy|Italy]], [[Chinese people in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Chinese people in Germany|Germany]], [[Chinese people in Korea|Korea]] (including [[Chinese people in Korea#North Korea|North Korea]] and [[Chinese people in Korea#South Korea|South Korea]]), [[Chinese in Fiji|Fiji]], [[Chinese people in Finland|Finland]], [[Chinese people in Spain|Spain]], [[Chinese people in India|India]] (including [[Assamese Chinese|Zhongum]]), [[Laotian Chinese|Laos]], [[Chinese Brazilians|Brazil]], the [[Chinese people in the Netherlands|Netherlands]] (including [[Hongkongers in the Netherlands|Hongkongers]]), [[Chinese Argentines|Argentina]], [[Ethnic Chinese in Panama|Panama]], [[Chinese people in Madagascar|Madagascar]], [[Mauritians of Chinese origin|Mauritius]] (including [[Mauritians of Chinese origin#Cantonese / Namshun|Namshun]], [[Mauritians of Chinese origin#Fokien / Fukien / Hokkien|Fokien]], [[Mauritians of Chinese origin#Hakka|Hakka]], and [[Mauritians of Chinese origin#Sino-creoles|Sino-creoles]]), [[Sino-Seychellois|Seychelles]], [[Chinese Venezuelans|Venezuela]], [[Chinese Cambodians|Cambodia]] (including [[Chinese Cambodians#Teochew|Teochew]], [[Chinese Cambodians#Cantonese|Cantonese Cambodians]], [[Chinese Cambodians#Hainanese|Hainanese Cambodians]], [[Chinese Cambodians#Hokkien|Hoklos]], and [[Chinese Cambodians#Hakka|Hakkas]]), [[Chinese people in Belgium|Belgium]], [[Chinese people in Denmark|Denmark]], [[Chinese people in Iran|Iran]], [[Chinese people in Ireland|Ireland]], [[Chinese people in Israel|Israel]], [[Chinese people in Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]], [[Chinese people in Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyzstan]], the [[Chinese people in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]], [[Chinese people in Bangladesh|Chinese Bangladeshis]], the [[Chinese Caribbeans|Caribbean]] (including [[Chinese Cubans|Cuba]], the [[Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic|Dominican Republic]], [[Chinese Haitians|Haiti]], [[Chinese Jamaicans|Jamaica]], [[Chinese immigration to Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico]], [[Chinese Trinidadians and Tobagonians|Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Ethnic Chinese in Belize|Belize]], [[Chinese Surinamese|Suriname]], and [[Chinese Guyanese|Guyana]]), [[Chinese people in Chile|Chile]], [[Chinese people in Costa Rica|Costa Rica]], [[Chinese Brazilians|Brazil]], [[Chinese Nicaraguans|Nicaragua]], [[Chinese people in Pakistan|Pakistan]], [[Chinese in Palau|Palau]], [[Chinese people in Papua New Guinea|Papua New Guinea]], [[Chinese people in Portugal|Portugal]], [[Ethnic Chinese in Mozambique|Mozambique]], [[Chinese of Romania|Romania]], [[Chinese in Samoa|Samoa]], [[Chinese people in Serbia|Serbia]], [[Chinese people in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]], [[Chinese people in Sweden|Sweden]], [[Chinese people in Turkey|Turkey]], the [[Chinese people in the United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]], [[Chinese Uruguayans|Uruguay]], [[Chinese people in Algeria|Algeria]], [[Chinese people in Angola|Angola]], [[Chinese people in Botswana|Botswana]], [[Chinese people in Cameroon|Cameroon]], [[Chinese people in Cape Verde|Cape Verde]], the [[Chinese people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Chinese people in Egypt|Egypt]], [[Chinese people in Ethiopia|Ethiopia]], [[Chinese people in Ghana|Ghana]], [[Chinese people in Kenya|Kenya]], [[Chinese people in Lesotho|Lesotho]], [[Chinese people in Libya|Libya]], [[Chinese people in Malawi|Malawi]], [[Chinese people in Mali|Mali]], [[Chinese people in Morocco|Morocco]], [[Chinese people in Namibia|Namibia]], [[Chinese people in Nigeria|Nigeria]], the [[Chinese people in the Republic of Congo|Republic of Congo]], [[Chinese people in Senegal|Senegal]], [[Chinese people in Tanzania|Tanzania]], [[Chinese people in Uganda|Uganda]], [[Chinese people in Zambia|Zambia]], [[Chinese people in Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]], and [[Chinese New Zealanders|New Zealand]]
| [[Chinese folk religion]], [[Buddhism]] → [[Chinese Buddhism]], [[Taoism]], [[Irreligion]] (see also [[Religion in China]] and [[Religion in Taiwan]])
|-
| [[Hangaza people|Hangaza]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Hangaza language|Hangaza]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Kagera Region]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Hani people|Hani]] 
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Loloish languages|Loloish]] → [[Hani language|Hani]]
| China ([[Yunnan]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Harari people|Harari]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] → [[Ethiopian Semitic languages|Ethiopic]] → [[Harari language|Harari]]
| Ethiopia ([[Harari Region|Hararia]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Haratin]]s
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Arabic]] → [[Maghrebi Arabic]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Berber languages|Berber]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Mauritania]]
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Hausa people|Hausa]] 
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Chadic languages|Chadic]] → [[Hausa language|Hausa]] 
| [[North West (Nigeria)|Hausaland]] ([[Niger]], Nigeria, [[Ghana]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Native Hawaiians|Hawaiians]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]],<ref group="note">Since [[Newlands Resolution|Hawaii's annexation into the United States]], [[American English|English]] has almost completely supplanted Hawaiian.</ref> [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English-based creole languages|English Creole]] → [[Hawaiian Pidgin]], [[Hawaiʻi Sign Language|Hawaiʻi Sign]], [[Hawaiʻi Sign Language|Hawaiʻi Sign]] and [[American Sign Language|American Sign]] → [[Hawaiʻi Sign Language|Creole Hawaiʻi Sign]]
| United States (Hawaii)
|
| Christianity, [[Hawaiian religion]]
|-
| [[Ḫawlan bin ʾAmir]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Ancient South Arabian|Sayhadic]] → [[Razihi language|Razihi]], [[Faifi language|Faifi]]
| [[Yemen]] ([[Saada Governorate]]), [[Saudi Arabia]] ([[Fifa Mountains]])
| [[Razihi language|Razihis]], [[Faifi language|Faifis]]
| Islam → [[Shia Islam]] → [[Zaydism]]
|-
| [[Haya people|Haya]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Haya language|Haya]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Kagera Region]])
|
| Christianity, [[Ruhanga]]
|-
| [[Hazaras]]
| [[Karluks]] → [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Persian]] → [[Hazaragi dialect|Hazaragi]]
| Afghanistan ([[Hazarajat]])
|
| Islam → [[Shia]] and [[Sunni]]
|-
| [[Hehe people|Hehe]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Hehe language|Hehe]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Iringa Region]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Heiltsuk]]
| [[Wakashan languages|Wakashan]] → Northern Wakashan → [[Heiltsuk–Oowekyala language|Heiltsuk–Oowekyala]] → [[Heiltsuk dialect|Heiltsuk]]
| Canada ([[Central Coast Regional District]])
| 
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Helong people|Helong]]<ref group="note">Otherwise known as [[wikt:Kupang|Kupangese]].</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Hutagalung |first=Stella Aleida |date=October 2016 |title=Muslim–Christian Relations in Kupang: Negotiating Space and Maintaining Peace |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14442213.2016.1226943 |journal=The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology |volume=17 |issue=5 |publisher=Empatika |pages=439–459 |doi=10.1080/14442213.2016.1226943 |access-date=2025-02-20|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Timoric languages|Timoric]] → [[Helong language|Helong]]
| Indonesia ([[Kupang Regency]], [[Semau Island]], [[Flores|Flores Island]])
| 
| Christianity
|-
| [[Herero people|Herero]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Herero language|Herero]]
| [[Namibia]] ([[Hereroland]]), [[Angola]]
| [[Himba people|OvaHimba]], [[Mbanderu people|Ovambanderu]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Scottish Romani and Itinerant people groups#Indigenous Highland Travellers|Highland Travellers]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] → [[Scottish Gaelic]] → [[Beurla Reagaird]]
| United Kingdom ([[Scottish Highlands]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Hindustani people|Hindustani]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] 
| [[Hindi Belt|Hindustani Belt]], Pakistan, [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], [[Old Dhaka]]
|[[Urdu-speaking people]], [[Hindi-speaking people]]
| [[Hinduism]], Islam
|-
| [[Hinukh people|Hinukh]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Tsezic languages|Tsezic]] → [[Hinuq language|Hinuq]]
| Russia ([[Tsuntinsky District|Tsuntinsky]] and [[Kizlyarsky District|Kizlyarsky]] districts)
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Hispanic America]]ns
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Spanish language in the Americas|American Spanish]]
| [[Hispanic America]] ([[Mexico]], [[Colombia]], [[Argentina]], Peru, [[Venezuela]], Chile, [[Ecuador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Bolivia]], [[Cuba]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[Honduras]], [[Paraguay]], [[Nicaragua]], [[El Salvador]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Panama]], [[Uruguay]]), [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|United States]] ([[Puerto Rico]], [[Spanish Texas|Texas]], New Mexico, [[Alta California|California]], Arizona, Colorado, [[Spanish Florida|Florida]], [[Louisiana (New Spain)|Louisiana]]), [[Belize]]
| [[Mexicans]] (including [[Nuevo Leon|Northeastern Mexicans]], [[Sonora|Northwestern Mexicans]], [[Baja California]]ns, [[Jalisco|Western Mexicans]], [[Guanajuato|Abajeno]], [[State of Mexico|Central Mexicans]], [[Oaxaca|Southern Mexican]], [[Veracruz|Coastal Mexican]], [[Chiapas|Chiapaneco]], [[Yucatan|Yucateco]], [[Basque Mexicans|Basque-Mexican]], [[Mexican Americans|Mexican-American]]), [[Spanish Colombian|Colombian]] ([[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarqués]], [[Bogotá|Bogotan]], [[Boyaca Department|Boyacense]], [[Santander Department|Santandereano]], [[Huila Department|Huilense]], [[Tolima Department|Tolimense]], [[Antioquia Department|Paisa]], [[Cauca Department|Caucano]], [[Narino Department|Pastuso]], [[Valle del Cauca Department|Valluno]], [[Orinoquia natural region|Llanero]], [[Amazon natural region|Amazonian Colombian]], [[La Guajira Department|Guajiro]], [[Bolivar Department|Sabanero]], [[Magdalena Department|Samario]], [[Cesar Department|Vallenato]], [[Choco Department|Chochoano]], [[Tumaco|Tumaqueño]], [[Basque Colombians|Basque-Colombian]], [[Colombian Americans|Colombian-American]]), [[Spanish Argentines|Argentinian]] ([[Tucuman Province|North Argentinian]], [[Misiones Province|Guaranitic]], [[Mendoza Province|Cuyano]], [[Cordoba Province, Argentina|Cordobes]], [[San Luis, Argentina|Puntano]], [[Santa Fe, Argentina|Litoraleno]], [[Buenos Aires|Porteno]], [[Patagonia]]n, [[Basque Argentines|Basque-Argentinian]], [[Argentinian-American]]), [[Peruvians|Peruvian]] ([[Department of Tumbes|Ecuatorial Peruvian]], [[Lima|Coastal Peruvian]], [[Cusco Province|Andean Peruvian]], [[Peruvian Amazonia|Amazonian Peruvian]], [[Peruvian Americans|Peruvian-American]]), [[Spanish immigration to Venezuela|Hispanic Venezuelans]] ([[Amazonas (Venezuelan state)|Amazonian Venezuelans]], [[Llanero]]s, [[Merida (state)|Andean Venezuelans]], [[Falcon|Western Venezuelans]], [[Anzoategui|Eastern Venezuelan]], [[Margarita Island|Island Venezuelans]], [[Caracas|Caraquenos]], [[Zulia]]nos, [[Carabobo|Central Venezuelans]], [[Venezuelan Americans|Venezuelan-American]], [[Immigration to Colombia|Venezuelan-Colombian]]), [[Spanish Chileans|Chilean]] ([[Chilean Americans|Chilean-American]]), [[Ecuadorians|Ecuadorian]] ([[Quito|Quitenos]], [[Riobamba|Riobambenos]], [[Cuenca, Ecuador|Cuencanos]], [[Loja, Ecuador|Lojano]], [[Esmeraldas, Ecuador|Esmeraldeno]], [[Manabi Province|Manabita]], [[Guayaquil|Guayaco]], [[Pastaza Province|Amazonian Ecuadorian]], [[Ecuadorian Americans]]), [[Guatemalans]] ([[Guatemalan Americans|Guatemalan-American]]), [[Bolivians|Bolivian]] ([[Bolivian Americans|Bolivian-American]]), [[Cubans]] (including [[Cuban Americans]]), [[Dominican Republic|Dominicans]] ([[Dominican Americans|Dominican-American]]), [[Hondurans|Honduran]] ([[Honduran Americans|Honduran-American]]), [[Paraguayans|Paraguayan]] ([[Paraguayan Americans|Paraguayan-American]]), [[Nicaraguans|Nicaraguan]] ([[Nicaraguan Americans|Nicaraguan-American]]), [[Salvadorans|Salvadoran]] ([[Salvadoran Spanish|Caliche]], [[Salvadoran Americans|Salvadoran-American]]), [[Costa Ricans|Costa Rican]] ([[Costa Rican Americans|Costa Rican-American]]), [[Panamanians]] (including [[Panamanian Americans]]), [[Uruguayans]] (including [[Uruguayan Americans]]), [[Isleños]], [[Hispanic and Latin American Belizean|Hispanic-Belizean]], [[Puerto Ricans]], [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic Americans in the United States]] (including [[Chicano]]s, [[Nuyorican]]s), colonial-era [[Hispanos of New Mexico|Hispanos]] in the US and their modern descendants ([[Tejanos]], [[Californios]], [[Hispanos of New Mexico|Nuevomexicanos]], [[Floridanos]], [[Isleños (Louisiana)|Louisiana Isleños]], [[Louisiana Creole people|Louisiana Spanish-Creoles]]), [[Spanish Americans]] ([[Asturian Americans]], [[Basque Americans]], [[Catalan Americans]], [[Canarian Americans]], [[Galician Americans]]), along with [[Latin American diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|United States]], [[Immigration to Spain|Spain]], [[Immigration to France|France]], [[Latin American Canadians|Canada]], [[Immigration to Italy|Italy]], [[Immigration to Japan|Japan]], [[Immigration to Germany|Germany]], [[British Latin American|United Kingdom]], [[Immigration to Portugal|Portugal]], [[Immigration to Australia|Australia]] and [[Immigration to Sweden|Sweden]]
| [[Christianity]] → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
|-
| [[Hmong people|Hmong]]
| [[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien]] → [[Hmongic languages|Hmongic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| China ([[Guizhou]])<ref group="note">Following the suppression of [[Miao Rebellion (1854–1873)|Miao Rebellion of 1854–1873]], the majority of the Hmong fled further south to [[Guangxi]], [[Yunnan]], Vietnam, and [[Laos]].</ref>
| [[A-Hmao]], [[Gha-Mu people|Gha-Mu]], [[Xong language|Xong]], [[Pa-Hng language|Pa-Hng]], [[Hmong Americans]]
| [[Hmong folk religion]]
|-
| [[Holikachuk]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Holikachuk language|Holikachuk]]
| United States (Alaska)
|
| Christianity, [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Hopi]]
| [[Uto-Aztecan]] → [[Hopi language|Hopi]]
| United States ([[Hopi Reservation]])
| 
| Christianity, [[Native American Church]] 
|-
| [[Huli people|Huli]]
| [[Trans–New Guinea languages|Trans–New Guinea]] → [[Engan languages|Engan]] → [[Huli language|Huli]] 
| [[Papua New Guinea]] ([[Southern Highlands Province]])
|
| Christianity, [[Papuan mythology|Papuan religion]]
|-
| [[Hungarians]] 
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → Austro-Hungarian Sign → [[Hungarian Sign Language|Hungarian Sign]]; historically [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Jassic dialect|Jassic]]
| [[Hungary]], [[Romania]] ([[Székely Land]], [[Csángó Land]], [[Bukovina]]), and neighboring regions
| [[Palóc]], [[Matyó]], [[Magyarab people|Magyarabs]], [[Kunság|Hungarian Cumans]], [[Jasz people|Jasz]], along with [[Hungarian diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Hungarians in Romania|Romania]] (including [[Szekelys]] (including [[Szekelys of Bukovina|Bukovina Szekelys]]) and [[Csangos]]), [[Hungarians in Slovakia|Slovakia]], [[Hungarians in Serbia|Serbia]], [[Hungarians in Ukraine|Ukraine]], [[Hungarians in Croatia|Croatia]], [[Hungarians in Slovenia|Slovenia]], [[Hungarians in Austria|Austria]], [[Hungarians in Germany|Germany]], the [[Hungarian Americans|United States]], and [[Hungarian Canadians|Canada]]
| Christianity → [[Roman Catholicism in Hungary|Catholicism]], [[Eastern Catholicism]] → [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church|Hungarian Greek Catholicism]], [[Unitarian Church of Transylvania|Hungarian Unitarianism]]
|-
| [[German Brazilians|Hunsrikers]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Hunsrik]]
| [[Brazil]] ([[Rio Grande do Sul]])
| 
| [[Christianity]] → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Hunzib people|Hunzibs]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Tsezic languages|Tsezic]] → [[Hunzib language|Hunzib]]
| Russia ([[Tsuntinsky District]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Hutterites]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Hutterite German]]
| [[Great Plains]] (United States, Canada)
| [[Schmiedeleut]], [[Lehrerleut]], [[Dariusleut]]
| Christianity → [[Anabaptism]]
|-
| [[Hutu]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Great Lakes Bantu languages|Great Lakes]] → [[Rwanda-Rundi]]<ref name="Hutu, Tutsi, Twa" group="note">Refers specifically to the [[Kinyarwanda]] and [[Kirundi]] dialects. The other speakers of the dialects within the Rwanda-Rundi continuum are considered to be separate from the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa peoples.</ref>
| [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ([[Kivu]])
|
| Christianity
|- id=I
| [[Iatmul people|Iatmul]]
| [[Sepik languages|Sepik]] → [[Iatmul language|Iatmul]]
| [[Papua New Guinea]] ([[East Sepik Province]])
| 
| Christianity
|-
| [[Iban people|Iban]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Iban language|Iban]]
| Malaysia ([[Sarawak]])
| [[Dayak Mualang|Mualang]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Ibanag people|Ibanag]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Northern Luzon languages|Cordilleran]] → [[Ibanag language|Ibanag]]
| Philippines ([[Isabela (province)|Isabela]], [[Cagayan]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Cross River languages|Cross River]] → [[Ibibio language|Ibibio]], [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Cross River languages|Cross River]] → [[Anaang language|Anaang]], [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Cross River languages|Cross River]] → [[Eket language|Eket]], 
| Nigeria ([[Akwa Ibom State]])
| [[Eket#People|Eket]], [[Anaang people|Anaang]], [[Oron people|Oron]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Icelanders]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Danish Sign Language family|DTSic]] → [[Icelandic Sign Language|Icelandic Sign]]
| [[Iceland]] 
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]], [[Heathenry (new religious movement)|Asartu]]
|-
| [[Idoma people|Idoma]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Idomoid languages|Idomoid]] → [[Idoma language|Idoma]]
| Nigeria ([[Benue State]]) 
| [[Agatu language|Agatu]], [[Alago language|Alago]], [[Yala language|Yala]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Igbo people|Igbo]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Igbo language|Igbo]] 
| Nigeria ([[Igboland]]) 
| [[Anioma people|Anioma]], [[Aro people|Aro]], [[Edda people|Edda]], [[Ekpeye people|Ekpeye]], [[Etche]], [[Ezaa people|Ezaa]], [[Ika people|Ika]], [[Ikwerre people|Ikwerre]], [[Ikwo people|Ikwo]], [[Isu people|Isu]], [[Izzi people|Izzi]], [[Mbaise]], [[Mgbo people|Mgbo]], [[Ngwa]], [[Nri-Igbo]], [[Ogba people|Ogba]], [[Ohafia]], [[Ohuhu people|Ohuhu]], [[Onitsha-Ado]], [[Ukwuani people|Ukwuani]], [[Waawa]]
| Christianity, [[Odinala]]
|-
| [[Igede]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Idomoid languages|Idomoid]] → [[Igede language|Igede]]
| Nigeria ([[Benue State]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Igorot people|Igorot]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Northern Luzon languages|Cordilleran]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Philippines ([[Cordillera Administrative Region]])
| [[Balangao people|Balangao]], [[Bontoc people|Bontoc]], [[Ibaloi people|Ibaloi]], [[Ifugao people|Ifugao]] (including [[Kalanguya people|Kalanguya]]), [[Isnag people|Isnag]], [[Kalinga people|Kalinga]], [[Kankanaey people|Kankanaey]]
| [[Anito|Anitism]]
|-
| [[Ijaw people|Ijaw]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Ijaw languages|Ijaw]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Nigeria ([[Rivers State|Rivers]], [[Bayelsa State|Bayelsa]], and [[Delta State|Delta]] States)
| [[Bille tribe|Bille]], [[Engenni people|Engenni]], [[Ibani tribe|Ibani]], [[Kalabari tribe|Kalabari]], [[Kula tribe (Rivers State)|Kula]], [[Nkoro tribe|Nkoro]], [[Nkoroo people|Nkoroo]], [[Obolo people|Obolo]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Ili Turk people|Ili Turks]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Karluk languages|Karluk]] → [[Ili Turki language|Ili Turki]]
| China ([[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]]), [[Kazakhstan]]
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Ilocano people|Ilocano]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Northern Luzon languages|Cordilleran]] → [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]]
| Philippines ([[Ilocos Region]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Imraguen people|Imraguen]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Arabic]] → [[Hassaniya Arabic]] → [[Imraguen people#Language|Imraguen]]
| [[Mauritania]], [[Western Sahara]]
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Indo-Caribbeans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[English-based creole languages|English Creole]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Caribbean Spanish]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[French language|French]] → [[French-based creole languages|French Creole]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Dutch language|Dutch]] → [[Surinamese Dutch]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] → [[Papiamento]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] → [[Caribbean Hindustani]]; [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Tamiloid languages|Tamiloid]] → [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| [[Caribbean]]
| [[Indians in Barbados|Indo-Barbadian]]s, [[Indians in the Dominican Republic|Indo-Dominican]]s, [[Indo-Grenadians]], [[Indo-Guadeloupeans]], [[Indo-Haitians]], [[Indo-Jamaicans]], [[Indo-Martiniquais]], [[Indians in Saint Kitts and Nevis|Indo-Kittitians and Indo-Nevisians]], [[Indo-Saint Lucian]]s, [[Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonian]]s, [[Indo-Vincentian]]s, [[Indo-Belizeans]], [[Indo-Guyanese]], [[Indo-Surinamese]], with significant populations in the [[Indo-Caribbean Americans|United States]] and the [[British Indo-Caribbean people|United Kingdom]]
| [[Hinduism]], Christianity, Islam, [[Sikhism]], [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]]
|-
| [[Indo-Fijians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] → [[Fiji Hindi]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]; [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Tamiloid languages|Tamiloid]] → [[Tamil language|Tamil]]; [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Central Pacific languages|Central Pacific]] → [[Fijian language|Fijian]]
| [[Fiji]]
| Significant populations in Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada, and United Kingdom
| [[Hinduism]], Islam, Christianity, [[Sikhism]]
|-
| [[Mauritians of Indian origin|Indo-Mauritians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[French-based creole languages|French-based creole]] → [[Mauritian Creole]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]; [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Tamiloid languages|Tamiloid]] → [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| [[Mauritius]] 
|
| [[Hinduism]], Islam
|-
| [[Indian South Africans|Indo-South Africans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[South African English]]
| South Africa
| 
| [[Hinduism]], Islam, [[Sikhism]], [[Jainism]]
|-
| [[Indo people|Indos]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Dutch language|Dutch]]; [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Malay language|Indonesian–Malaysian Malay]] → [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]
| Indonesia
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Indus Kohistani people|Indus Kohistanis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Dardic languages|Dardic]] → [[Indus Kohistani]]
| Pakistan ([[Kohistan District, Pakistan|Kohistan]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Ingush people|Ingushes]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Nakh languages|Nakh]] → [[Ingush language|Ingush]], [[Chechen language|Chechen]] → Orstkhoy
| Russia ([[Ingushetia]], Orstkhoy-Mokhk, [[Prigorodny District, North Ossetia–Alania|Ossetian Prigorodny]], [[Vladikavkaz]]) 
| [[Orstkhoy]]s, [[Dzherakh]]s, [[Small Ingush|Sholkhis]], [[Feappii]]s, [[Khamkhins]], [[Tsorins]], [[Galashians]], [[Nazranians]], other [[Ingush societies|shahars]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]] → [[Shafi'i school|Shafi'i]]; historically [[Vainakh religion]]
|-
| [[Innu]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Innu-aimun]], [[Naskapi language|Naskapi]]
| Canada ([[Nitassinan]])
| [[Naskapi]] (including [[Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach|Kawawachikamach Naskapi]], [[Mushuau Innu First Nation|Mushuau Naskapi]]), [[Première Nation des Innus de Nutashkuan|Nutashkuan Innu]], [[Innus of Ekuanitshit|Ekuanitshit Innu]], [[Mushuau Innu First Nation|Mushuau Innu]], [[Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation|Sheshatshiu Innu]], [[Innu Nation of Matimekush-Lac John|Matimekush-Lac John Innu]], [[Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam|Uashat–Mani-Utenam Innu]], [[Innue Essipit|Essipit Innu]], [[Pekuakamiulnuatsh First Nation|Pekuakamiulnuatsh Innu]], [[Pessamit Innu Band|Pessamit Innu]], [[Pakuashipi|Pakuashipi Innu]], [[La Romaine, Quebec|Unamenshipit Innu]]
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Inuit]]
| [[Eskaleut languages|Eskaleut]] → [[Inuit languages|Inuit]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Inuit Sign Language|Inuit Sign language]]
| [[Danish Realm]] ([[Greenland]]), Canada ([[Inuit Nunangat]]), United States (Alaska)
| [[Greenlandic Inuit|Greenlanders]] (including [[Kalaallit]], [[Tunumiit]], [[Inughuit]] and [[Greenlandic people in Denmark|Greenlandic Danes]]), [[Inupiat]] (including [[Nunamiut]]), [[Inuktitut]], [[Inuvialuit]], [[Igloolik|Iglulik Inuit]] (including [[Aivilingmiut]]), historically [[Ahiarmiut]]
| Christianity, [[Inuit religion]]
|-
| [[Irani (India)|Iranis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Zoroastrian Dari language|Zoroastrian Dari]]
| India 
|
| [[Zoroastrianism]]
|-
| [[Iranun people|Iranun]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Iranun language|Iranun]]
| Philippines ([[Mindanao]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Iraqw people|Iraqw]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] → [[Iraqw language|Iraqw]]
| [[Tanzania]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Irish people|Irish]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] → [[Irish language|Irish]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Hiberno-English]], [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Irish Sign Language|Irish Sign]], [[BANZSL]] → [[British Sign Language|British Sign]] → [[Northern Ireland Sign Language|Northern Ireland Sign]]; historically [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Yola dialect|Yola]]
| Ireland
| [[Irish Catholics]], Yola (including Forthers, Bargymen), [[Irish diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[Irish Americans|United States]] (including [[Scotch-Irish Americans]]), [[Irish people in Great Britain|United Kingdom]] (including [[Ulster Scots people]]), [[Irish Canadians|Canada]] (including [[Scotch-Irish Canadians]]), [[Irish Australians|Australia]], [[Irish New Zealanders|New Zealand]], [[Irish people in mainland Europe|Mainland Europe]], [[Irish immigration to Mexico|Mexico]], [[Irish Argentine|Argentina]], [[Irish Chileans|Chile]], [[Irish Uruguayans|Uruguay]], [[Irish immigration to Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico]], and [[Irish Indians|India]]
| Christianity → [[Roman Catholicism in Ireland|Catholicism]] and [[Protestantism in Ireland|Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Irish Travellers]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Irish language|Irish]] and [[English language|English]] → [[Shelta]], [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Irish Sign Language|Irish Sign]]
| Ireland
| Significant populations in the [[Irish Travellers#United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], and the [[Irish Travellers#United States|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Isan people|Isan]]
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]] → [[Tai languages|Tai]] → [[Isan language|Isan]]
| Thailand ([[Isan]])
|
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Isoko people|Isoko]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Edoid languages|Edoid]] → [[Isoko language|Isoko]]
| Nigeria ([[Isoko region]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Istro-Romanians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Istro-Romanian language|Istro-Romanian]]
| [[Croatia]] ([[Istria]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Italians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Istriot language|Istriot]], [[Ligurian language|Ligurian]], [[Lombard language|Lombard]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Slavomolisano dialect|Slavomolisano]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → LISic → [[Italian Sign Language|Italian Sign]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> historically [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Dalmatian language|Dalmatian]]
| Italy, [[Switzerland]] ([[Italian Grisons]], [[Ticino]]), France ([[Arrondissement of Nice|Nice]]), [[San Marino]], [[Vatican City]], [[Croatia]] ([[Dalmatia]], [[Istria County|Croatian Istria]]), [[Montenegro]] ([[Dalmatia]]), [[Slovenia]] ([[Slovene Istria|Slovenian Istria]], [[Slovene Littoral]])
| [[Lombardy|Lombards]], [[Molise Croats]],<ref>Anita Sujoldžić, [http://www.mundimitar.it/englis/montemitro_en_271.htm "Molise Croatian Idiom"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006073724/http://www.mundimitar.it/englis/montemitro_en_271.htm |date=6 October 2014 }}, ''Coll. Antropol.'' 28 Suppl. 1 (2004) 263–274<br>{{blockquote|Along with the institutional support provided by the Italian government and Croatian institutions based on bilateral agreements between the two states, the Slavic communities also received a new label for their language and a new ethnic identity – Croatian, and there have been increasing tendencies to standardize the spoken idiom on the basis of Standard Croatian. It should be stressed, however, that although they regarded their different language as a source of prestige and self-appreciation, these communities have always considered themselves to be Italians who in addition have Slavic origins and at best accept to be called Italo-Slavic, while the term "Molise Croatian" emerged recently as a general term in scientific and popular literature to describe the Croatian-speaking population living in the Molise.}}</ref> [[Dalmatian Italians]], [[Istrian Italians]], [[Niçard Italians]], [[Swiss people|Swiss Italians]], [[Sammarinese]], with [[Italian diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[Italian Americans|United States]], [[Italian Canadians|Canada]], [[Italian Somalis|Somalia]], [[Italian settlers in Libya|Libya]], the [[Italians in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], [[Italians in France|France]], [[Italians in Germany|Germany]], [[Italians in Romania|Romania]], [[Italians of Croatia|Croatia]], [[Italians of Ethiopia|Ethiopia]], [[Italian Brazilians|Brazil]], [[Italian Argentines|Argentina]], [[Italian Uruguayans|Uruguay]], [[Italian Chileans|Chile]].
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Itawes]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Northern Luzon languages|Cordilleran]] → [[Itawis language|Itawis]]
| Philippines ([[Cagayan Valley]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Itelmens]]
| [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages|Chukotko-Kamchatkan]] → [[Kamchatkan languages|Kamchatkan]] → [[Itelmen language|Itelmen]]
| Russia ([[Kamchatka Peninsula]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Ivatan people|Ivatans]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Batanic languages|Batanic]] → [[Ivatan language|Ivatan]]
| Philippines ([[Batanes]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Izhorians]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Finnic languages|Finnic]] → [[Ingrian language|Ingrian]]
| Russia ([[Ingria]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|- id=J
| [[Jadgal people|Jadgals]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Jadgali language|Jadgali]]
| [[Balochistan]] (Pakistan ([[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]), [[Iran]] ([[Sistan and Baluchestan province|Sistan and Baluchestan]])), [[Oman]]
| [[Sardarzahi]], [[Bizenjo]], [[Zehri]], [[Sasoli]], [[Mengal]], [[Mir (clan)|Mir]], Hoot
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Jamaican Maroons]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Jamaican Patois]], [[Jamaican Maroon Creole]]
| [[Jamaica]]
|
| [[Kumfu]]
|-
| [[Jambi Sultanate|Jambian]]
| [[Austronesian language|Austronesian]] → [[Jambi Malay|Jambian]]
| Indonesia ([[Jambi]]a) 
| [[Batin people|Batin]]
| [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Japanese people|Japanese]]/[[Yamato people|Yamato]]
| [[Japonic languages|Japonic]] → [[Japanese language|Japanese]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" />{{refn|group=note|name=Japanesic|Due to a lack of mutual intelligibility with other Japanese varieties, the Kagoshima/Satsugū<ref>{{cite book|title=The Japanese language|first=Haruhiko|last=Kindaichi|author2=Umeyo Hirano|others=Translation: Umeyo Hirano|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|year=1989|page=55|isbn=978-0-8048-1579-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Survey of the Satsuma Dialect in Three Parts|journal=Transactions of the [[Asiatic Society of Japan]]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70939|last=Schwartz|first=William L.|issue=2|volume=43|pages=14|via=Internet Archive|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Japan]]|year=1915|quote=It is a well known fact that there are two provinces in the extremities of our country where the language of the inhabitants cannot be understood by Tokyo people, viz. – Mutsu in the North, and Satsuma in the South.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Japanese Dialects|journal=Diachronic, Areal, and Typological Linguistics|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783111418797-017/html|last=Hattori|first=Shiro|editor-first1=Henry M.|editor-last1=Hoenigswald|pages=375|via=[[De Gruyter]] Mouton|doi=10.1515/9783111418797-017|year=1973|isbn=9783111418797|quote=The dialect of the city is incomprehensible to the people of Honshu, although it is classified among the Mainland dialects because of a great linguistic gap between it and those of the Ryukyu Archipelago.|url-access=subscription}}</ref> and Tsugaru<ref name="NINJAL">{{Cite conference|title=Mutual Intelligibility as a measure of linguistic distance and intergenerational transmission|conference=Approaches to Endangered Languages in Japan and Northeast Asia: Description, Documentation and Revitalization|url=https://www2.ninjal.ac.jp/ael/files/resume/Keynote_TakuboYukinori_revised.pdf|last=Takubo|first=Yukinori|date=8 August 2018|pages=16 and 29|via=[[ResearchGate]]|publisher=[[National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics]]|doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.12014.66880|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224041332/https://www2.ninjal.ac.jp/ael/files/resume/Keynote_TakuboYukinori_revised.pdf|archive-date=24 December 2022}}</ref><ref name="NINJAL mirror" group="note">The [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332278482_Mutual_Intelligibility_as_a_measure_of_linguistic_distance_and_intergenerational_transmission ResearchGate mirror] ([https://archive.today/20221224045527/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332278482_Mutual_Intelligibility_as_a_measure_of_linguistic_distance_and_intergenerational_transmission archive]) contains metadata about the presentation.</ref> varieties are considered to be distinct languages from other Japanese varieties within a Japanesic language family by the [[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]] within their [[Glottolog]] database.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/sats1241|title=Kagoshima|date=5 December 2022|access-date=27 December 2022|website=[[Glottolog]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227055605/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/sats1241|archive-date=27 December 2022|url-status=live|publisher=[[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]]|editor-last=Hammarstrom|editor-first=Harald|doi=10.5281/zenodo.7398962|editor2-last=Forkel|editor2-first=Robert|editor3-last=Haspelmath|editor3-first=Martin|editor4-last=Bank|editor4-first=Sebastian|edition=4.7|last1=Hammarström|first1=Harald|last2=Forkel|first2=Robert|last3=Haspelmath|first3=Martin|last4=Bank|first4=Sebastian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tsug1237|title=Tsugaru|date=5 December 2022|access-date=27 December 2022|website=[[Glottolog]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227055616/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tsug1237|archive-date=27 December 2022|url-status=live|publisher=[[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]]|editor-last=Hammarstrom|editor-first=Harald|doi=10.5281/zenodo.7398962|editor2-last=Forkel|editor2-first=Robert|editor3-last=Haspelmath|editor3-first=Martin|editor4-last=Bank|editor4-first=Sebastian|edition=4.7|last1=Hammarström|first1=Harald|last2=Forkel|first2=Robert|last3=Haspelmath|first3=Martin|last4=Bank|first4=Sebastian}}</ref>}} [[Hachijō language|Hachijō]]; [[Japanese Sign Language family|JSLic]] → [[Japanese Sign Language|Japanese Sign]]; [[Miyakubo Sign Language]]
| Japan
| [[Kantō dialect|Kantō]], [[Kansai dialect|Kansai]], [[Hokkaido dialects|Hokkaido]], [[Tōhoku dialect|Tōhoku]], [[Hōnichi dialect|Hōnichi]], [[Kagoshima dialect|Satsugū]], [[Chūgoku dialect|Chūgoku]], [[Niigata Prefecture|Echigo]], [[Tōkai region|Tōkai]], [[Shin'etsu region|Shinshuu]], [[Hokuriku dialect|Hokuriku]], [[Hachijō language|Hachijō]], [[Miyakubo Sign Language|Miyakubo]], [[Tsugaru dialect|Tsugaru]], and [[Brazilians in Japan|Nikkei Brazilians in Japan]], along with [[Japanese diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Japanese Brazilians|Brazil]], the [[Japanese Americans|United States]] (including [[Japanese in Hawaii|Hawaii]]), [[Japanese Canadians|Canada]], the [[Japanese Caribbeans|Caribbean]] (including [[Japanese Cubans|Cuba]], the [[Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic|Dominican Republic]], and [[Japanese expatriates in Jamaica|Jamaica]]), [[Japanese Mexicans|Mexico]], [[Japanese Argentines|Argentina]], [[Japanese Uruguayans|Uruguay]], [[Japanese Venezuelans|Venezuela]], [[Japanese people in France|France]], [[Japanese people in Germany|Germany]], [[Japanese people in Russia|Russia]], the [[Japanese in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], the [[Japanese people in the Netherlands|Netherlands]], [[Japanese people in China|China]] (including [[Japanese people in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]), Belgium (including [[Japanese community of Brussels|Brussels]]), [[Japanese people in Spain|Spain]] (most notably [[Hasekura Tsunenaga|Japón family]] of [[Coria del Río]]),<ref name="Awamura">{{cite news|last=Awamura|first=Ryoichi|title=Spain's Japon clan has reunion to trace its 17th century roots|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2003/12/11/national/spains-japon-clan-has-reunion-to-trace-its-17th-century-roots/|access-date=29 March 2012|newspaper=The Japan Times|date=December 11, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529070118/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2003/12/11/national/spains-japon-clan-has-reunion-to-trace-its-17th-century-roots/ |archive-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref><ref name="samurai-spirit">{{cite web |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/column/g00009/ |author=Hosoda Haruko |title=Samurai Spirit Still Animates Japan |website=Nippon |date=December 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111232856/https://www.nippon.com/en/column/g00009/ |archive-date=November 11, 2018}}</ref> [[Japanese people in Turkey|Turkey]], [[Japanese and Okinawan Bolivians|Bolivia]], [[Japanese migration to Colombia|Colombia]], [[Japanese Paraguayans|Paraguay]], [[Japanese Peruvians|Peru]], [[Japanese Chileans|Chile]], [[Japanese people in Egypt|Egypt]], [[Japanese people in India|India]], [[Japanese migration to Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Japanese people in North Korea|North Korea]], [[Japanese people in South Korea|South Korea]], [[Japanese migration to Malaysia|Malaysia]], [[Japanese people in Nepal|Nepal]], [[Japanese New Zealanders|New Zealand]], [[Japanese Australians|Australia]], Pakistan, the [[Japanese expatriates in Solomon Islands|Solomon Islands]], [[Japanese people in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]], [[Japanese people in Vietnam|Vietnam]], [[Japanese people in South Africa|South Africa]], [[Japanese people in Singapore|Singapore]], the [[Japanese Micronesians|Federated States of Micronesia]], [[Japanese settlement in Kiribati|Kiribati]], the [[Japanese settlement in the Marshall Islands|Marshall Islands]], [[Japanese settlement in Palau|Palau]], [[Japanese migration to Thailand|Thailand]], [[Japanese settlement in Papua New Guinea|Papua New Guinea]], the [[Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates#Japanese|United Arab Emirates]], and the [[Japanese in the Philippines|Philippines]].
| [[Irreligion]], [[Shinto]], [[Tenrikyo]], [[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhism]];<ref group="note">The majority of the Japanese practiced a [[Religious syncretism|syncretised]] form of Shinto and [[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhism]] called [[Shinbutsu-shūgō]].</ref> [[Christianity in Japan|Christianity]] → [[Catholic Church in Japan|Catholicism]] → [[Kakure Kirishitan|Kakure and Hanure Krishitanity]]
|-
| [[Jarai people|Jarai]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Chamic languages|Chamic]] → [[Jarai language|Jarai]]
| [[Vietnam]] ([[Central Highlands (Vietnam)|Central Highlands]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Jarawas (Andaman Islands)|Jarawas]]
| [[Ongan languages|Ongan]] → [[Jarawa language (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]]
| India ([[South Andaman]], [[Middle Andaman]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Javanese people|Javanese]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Javanese language|Javanese]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Indonesia ([[Java]])
| [[Osing people|Osing]], [[Tenggerese people|Tenggerese]], [[Boyanese]], [[Banyumasan people|Banyumasan]], [[Mataram Sultanate|Mataram]], along with [[Javanese diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Javanese Malaysians|Malaysia]], [[Indonesians in Singapore]] (over 60% of [[Singaporean Malays]] are of Javanese descent),<ref name="KeturunanSG">{{cite book|last=Milner|first=Anthony|title=The Malays|year=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-7748-1333-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=singapore+malays+%22javanese+descent%22|access-date=17 February 2013|chapter=Chapter 7, Multiple forms of 'Malayness'|page=197}}</ref> [[Javanese Surinamese|Suriname]], [[Indonesians in Hong Kong|China]], [[Javanese Sri Lankans|Sri Lanka]], [[Javanese French Guianans|French Guiana]], [[Javanese New Caledonians|New Caledonia]], and [[Indonesians in Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabia]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]; [[Sunni Islam]] + [[Hinduism]] + [[Buddhism]] + [[Animism]] → [[Kejawèn]]
|-
| [[Jek people|Jeks]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Lezgic languages|Lezgic]] → [[Jek language|Jek]]; [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Azerbaijani language|Azeri]]
| [[Azerbaijan]] ([[Mount Shahdagh]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Jews]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Canaanite languages|Canaanite]] → [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] → [[Modern Hebrew]],<ref group="note">Despite the [[Revival of the Hebrew language|successful revival]] of the Hebrew language, many Jews continue to speak the [[Jewish languages|various languages]] that have developed by the diaspora populations, including [[Yiddish]], [[Judaeo-Spanish|Ladino]], and [[Judeo-Arabic languages|Judeo-Arabic]]. In addition, English serves as the ''[[lingua franca]]'' of Israel.</ref> [[Jewish languages]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Jewish languages" group="note">Though many Jewish languages are not genetically related to each other, they are all known to be ethnolects developed by the Jewish diaspora.</ref> [[German Sign Language family|DGSic]] → [[Israeli Sign Language|Israeli Sign]], historically [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Zarphatic language|Zarphatic]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Judaeo-Portuguese]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Knaanic language|Knaanic]]
| [[Israel]]{{NoteTag |While Jews originate in the [[Land of Israel]], they were primarily a [[Jewish diaspora|diaspora]] ethnicity from the late antique period until [[Israeli Declaration of Independence|1948]], with the [[Jewish identity]] being claimed mostly by descendants of those that left Israel following the [[First Jewish–Roman War]]. Despite some entire Jewish communities [[Aliyah|migrating]] back to Israel, [[Israeli Jews]] make up only 45% of the worldwide Jewish population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Jewish population rises to 15 Million |url=https://www.jewishagency.org/jewish-population-5782/|access-date=9 June 2024|website=jewishagency.org}}</ref>}}
| [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazim]] (including [[Galician Jews|Galitzianers]], [[Yekke]]s, [[Chuts]], [[Unterlander Jews]], [[Oberlander Jews]], [[Litvaks]], [[Afrikaner-Jews]], [[History of the Jews in Udmurtia and Tatarstan|Udmurt and Tatar Jews]]), [[Assyrian Jews]], [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardim]] (including [[Eastern Sephardim]], [[North African Sephardim]], [[Moroccan Jews|Maroka'im]], [[History of the Jews in Algeria|Algerian Jews]] (including [[Mozabite Jews]]), [[History of the Jews in Tunisia|Tunisian Jews]], [[Libyan Jews]], [[Amazonian Jews]], [[Spanish and Portuguese Jews|Iberian Jews]], [[Sephardic Bnei Anusim]], [[Xueta|Xuetes]], and [[Berber Jews|Toshavim]] (including [[Mozabite Jews]])), [[Mizrahi Jews|Mizrahim]] (including [[Bukharan Jews|Bukharim]], [[Mountain Jews|Juhurim]], [[History of the Jews in Kurdistan|Kurdim]], [[Syrian Jews]], [[Arab Jews]], [[History of the Jews in Afghanistan|Afghan Jews]], [[Baghdadi Jews]], [[Yemenite Jews|Teimanim]] (including Rechabites, Baladi Jews, Shami Jews, and Rambamists), [[Shar'ab as-Salam District#Sharʿabi Jews|Sharʿabi Jews]], [[Habbani Jews|Habbanim]], [[Banu al-Harith]], [[Adeni Jews]], [[Persian Jews|Persim]], [[Mashhadi Jews]], and [[Kaifeng Jews]]), [[Astrakhan Jews]], [[Beta Israel]] (including [[Beta Abraham]] and [[Falash Mura]]), [[Italian Jews|Italkim]] (including [[Jews of San Nicandro|San Nicandro Jews]] and [[Italian Jews#Italian Rite Jews|Italian Rite Jews]]), [[Jews of Rusape|Rusape Jews]], [[Romaniote Jews|Romaniotes]], [[Constantinopolitan Karaites]], [[History of the Jews in Iraq|Bavlim]], [[Crimean Karaites]], [[Krymchaks]], [[Georgian Jews|Gruzim]], [[Benei Sion]], [[Bene Israel]], [[Banu Israil]], [[Cochin Jews|Kochinim]], [[Paradesi Jews|Paradesi]], [[Lishanid Noshan]], [[Israeli Jews]], [[B'nai Moshe]], [[Bnei Menashe]], [[Urfalim]], [[Meshuchrarim]], [[Abayudaya]], [[Subbotniks|Shaposhniki]], [[Subbotniks|Karaimites]], [[Desi Jews]], [[Igbo Jews]], [[Levite]]s (including [[Kohen]]), [[History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia|Transcarpathian Jews]], and [[Bene Ephraim]], as well as historically [[Khazars]] (including [[Kabars]]), along with [[Jewish diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[American Jews|United States]] (including [[Syrian Jewish communities of the United States|Syrian Jews]], [[Old Stock Jews]], [[African-American Jews]], [[Melungeon Jews]], [[History of the Jews in Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican Jews]], [[History of the Jews in Guam|Guamanian Jews]]), [[History of the Jews in Canada|Canada]], [[History of the Jews in Argentina|Argentina]], [[History of the Jews in Brazil|Brazil]], [[History of the Jews in Uruguay|Uruguay]], [[History of the Jews in Russia|Russia]], [[History of the Jews in Belarus|Belarus]], the [[History of the Jews in the Czech lands|Czech lands]], [[History of the Jews in Ukraine|Ukraine]], [[History of the Jews in Moldova|Moldova]], [[History of the Jews in Romania|Romania]], [[History of the Jews in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[History of the Jews in Poland|Poland]], [[History of the Jews in Turkey|Turkey]], [[History of the Jews in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], [[History of the Jews in Georgia|Georgia]], [[History of the Jews in Austria|Austria]], [[Italian Jews|Italy]], [[History of the Jews in Greece|Greece]], [[History of the Jews in Switzerland|Switzerland]], [[History of the Jews in Belgium|Belgium]], [[History of the Jews in Iraq|Iraq]], [[History of the Jews in Denmark|Denmark]], the [[History of the Jews in the Netherlands|Netherlands]], [[History of the Jews in France|France]], [[History of the Jews in Monaco|Monaco]], the [[British Jews|United Kingdom]], [[History of the Jews in Peru|Peru]], [[History of the Jews in South Africa|South Africa]], [[History of the Jews in Australia|Australia]], [[History of the Jews in India|India]] (including [[Sephardic Jews in India|Sephardim]]) and [[History of the Jews in New Zealand|New Zealand]]
| [[Judaism]]
|-
| [[Jingpo people|Jingpo]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Sal languages|Sal]] → [[Jingpho language|Jingpho]]
| China ([[Yunnan]]), India ([[Northeast India]]), [[Myanmar]] ([[Kachin State]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Jita people|Jita]]
| [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Suguti language|Suguti]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Mara Region]])
|
| Christianity, [[Ethnic religion|Ethnic Religion]]
|-
| [[Jola people|Jola]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[West Atlantic languages|West Atlantic]] → [[Senegambian languages|Senegambian]] → [[Jola languages|Jola]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Senegal]] ([[Casamance|Jolaland]])
| [[Bandial language|Banjaal]], [[Bayot language|Bayot]], [[Gusilay language|Gusilay]], [[Jola-Fonyi language|Fogni]], [[Karon language|Karon]], [[Kasa language|Kasa]], [[Kwatay language|Kuwaataay]], [[Mlomp language|Mlomp]]
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Jukun people (West Africa)|Jukun]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Jukun Takum language|Jukun Takum]]<ref group="note">The [[Wapan language]] have largely replaced Jukun Takum as the main language.</ref>
| Nigeria ([[Wukari Federation|Wukari]])
| [[Wannu language|Wannu]]
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Jur people|Jur]]
| [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Luo languages|Luo]] → [[Jur language|Jur]] 
| [[South Sudan]]
| Beli, Sopi, Mödö, Nyamusa, Wira, Biti, [[Morokodo]]
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religions]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Jur (Beli & Modo)|url=http://www.gurtong.net/Peoples/PeoplesProfiles/Jurbielbeli/tabid/198/Default.aspx |publisher=gurtong |access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref>
|- id=K
|-
| [[Kabyle people|Kabyle]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Berber languages|Berber]] → [[Kabyle languages|Kabyle]]
| [[Algeria]] ([[Kabylia]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Kadazan-Dusun|Kadazan–Dusun]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Sabahan languages|Southwest Sabahan]] → [[Dusunic languages|Dusunic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Malaysia ([[Sabah]])
| [[Kadazan people|Kadazan]], [[Dusun people|Dusun]], [[Dumpas]], [[Ida'an]], [[Kwijau]], [[Lotud]], [[Mangka'ak]], [[Maragang]], [[Minokok]], [[Orang Sungai]], [[Rumanau people|Rumanau]], [[Rungus people|Rungus]], [[Tambanuo people|Tambanuo]]
| Christianity, [[Momolianism]]
|-
| [[Kafwe Twa]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)|Tonga]]
| [[Zambia]] ([[Kafue Flats]])
|
| [[Traditional African religions|Traditional African religion]]
|-
| [[Kaguru people|Kaguru]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kagulu language|Kagulu]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Ukaguru Mountains]])
|
| [[Folk religion]]
|-
| [[Kaingang]]
| [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Je]] → [[Jê languages|Je]] → [[Kaingang language|Kaingang]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Brazil ([[Paraná (state)|Paraná]], [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]], [[Rio Grande do Sul]], [[Sao Paulo (state)|Sao Paulo]])
| 
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Kalanga people|Kalanga]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Shona language|Shona]] → [[Kalanga language|Kalanga]]
| [[Zimbabwe]], [[Botswana]]
| [[Nambya people|Nambya]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Kalash people|Kalash]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Chitral Kalasha language|Kalasha]]
| Pakistan ([[Chitral District]])
| 
| [[Kalash people#Religion|Kalasha]]
|-
| [[Kalenjin people|Kalenjin]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Nandi–Markweta languages|Kalenjin]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Kenya]] ([[Rift Valley Province]])
| [[Keiyo people|Keiyo]], [[Tugen people|Tugen]], [[Marakwet people|Marakwet]], [[Nandi people|Nandi]], [[Kipsigis people|Kipsigis]], [[Sabaot people|Sabaot]], [[Pokot people|Pokoot]], [[Terik people|Terik]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Kalinago people|Kalinago]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]],<ref group="note">The indigenous [[Kalinago language]] became extinct in the 1920s. However, an offshoot of it known as [[Garifuna language|Garifuna]] is still spoken today.</ref> [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]] → [[Ta-Arawakan languages|Ta-Arawakan]] → [[Kalinago]] → [[Garifuna language|Garifuna]], [[Vincentian Creole]]
| [[Lesser Antilles]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Kalmyk people|Kalmyks]]
| [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] → Central Mongolic → [[Oirat language|Oirat]] → [[Kalmyk Oirat]], [[Sart Kalmyk language|Sart Kalmyk]]
| Russia ([[Kalmykia]]), [[Kyrgyzstan]] ([[Issyk-Kul Region]])
| [[Sart Kalmyks]], [[Buzava]]
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Kaluli people|Kaluli]]
| [[Trans-New Guinea languages|Trans-New Guinea]] → [[Kaluli language|Kaluli]]
| [[Papua New Guinea]] ([[Great Papuan Plateau]])
|
| [[Papuan mythology|Papuan religion]]
|-
| [[Kamba people|Kamba]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kamba language|Kamba]]
| [[Kenya]] ([[Eastern Province (Kenya)|Ukambani]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Kamentsa]]
| [[Camsa language]]
| [[Colombia]] ([[Putumayo department|Putumayo]])
| 
| Christianity
|-
| [[Kanak people|Kanaks]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[New Caledonian languages|Kanak]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| France ([[New Caledonia|Kanakia]])
| [[Haveke language|Haveke]], [[Ajie language|Ajie]], [[Arha language|Arha]], [[Xaragure language|Xaragure]], [[Haeke language|Haeke]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Kangeanese people|Kangeanese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polyesian]] → [[Madurese language|Madurese]] → [[Kangean language|Kangeanese]]
| Indonesia ([[Kangean Islands]])
| Kangean, Paliat, Sepanjang, Sabunten, Saobi
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Kannadigas]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Kannada dialects|Kannadoid]] → [[Kannada]] 
| India ([[Karnataka]])
| [[Vokkaliga]]
| [[Hinduism]], [[Jainism]]
|-
| [[Kanuri people|Kanuri]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Saharan languages|Saharan]] → [[Kanuri language|Kanuri]]
| [[Borno State|Kanuriland]] (Nigeria, [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]])
| [[Kanembu people|Kanembu]], [[Yerwa Kanuri people|Yerwa Kanuri]]
| Islam
|-
| [[:id:Suku Kao|Kao people]]
| [[West Papuan languages|West Papuan]] → [[North Halmahera languages|North Halmahera]] → [[Kao language|Kao]]; [[West Papuan languages|West Papuan]] → [[North Halmahera languages|North Halmahera]] → [[Modole language|Modole]] 
| Indonesia ([[:id:Tanah Kao|Kao Land]])
| Pagu, [[:id:Suku Modole|Modole people]], Boeng, Towiliko
| Christianity, Islam, [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Kapampangan people|Kapampangans]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]]
| Philippines ([[Pampanga]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Iglesia ni Cristo]], [[Anitism]]
|-
| [[Kapsiki people|Kapsiki]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Chadic languages|Chadic]] → [[Psikyɛ dialect|Kapsiki]]
| [[Mandara Mountains]] (Nigeria, [[Cameroon]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Karachays]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Karachay-Balkar|Karachay]]
| Russia ([[Karachay-Cherkessia]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Karakalpaks]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Karakalpak language|Karakalpak]]
| [[Uzbekistan]] ([[Karakalpakstan]])
| Qon'ırat, On To'rt Urıw
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Karamanlides]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Turkish language|Turkish]] → [[Karamanli Turkish]]
| Turkey ([[Karaman Province]], [[Cappadocia]])<ref name="Population exchange to Greece">Due to the [[Population exchange between Greece and Turkey|1923 Greek-Turkish population exchange]], the majority now live in [[Greece]].</ref>
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodoxy]] → [[Autocephalous Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate|Turkish Orthodox Church]]
|-
| [[Karata people|Karatas]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Avar–Andic languages|Avar–Andic]] → [[Karata-Tukita language|Karata]]
| Russia ([[Dagestan]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Karbi people|Karbi]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Kuki-Chin–Naga languages|Kuki-Chin–Naga]] → [[Karbi language|Karbic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| India ([[Assam]], [[Meghalaya]])
| [[Karbi language|Karbi]], [[Amri Karbi language|Amri Karbi]]
| [[Hinduism]], [[Animism]], Christianity
|-
| [[Karelians]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Finnic languages|Finnic]] → [[Karelian language|Karelian]], [[Ludic language|Ludic]], [[Livvi-Karelian language|Livvi-Karelian]]
| [[Karelia]] (Finland, Russia)
| [[Tver Karelians]], [[Livvi-Karelian language|Olonets Karelians]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Karen people|Karen]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Karenic languages|Karenic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Myanmar]] ([[Kayin State|Karen State]], [[Kayah State]], [[Pa'O Self-Administered Zone]]), Thailand
| [[S’gaw Karen language|S'gaw Karen]], [[Pwo Karen languages|Pwo Karen]], [[Karenni people|Karenni]] (including [[Kayan people (Myanmar)|Kayan]]), [[Pa'O language|Pa'O]]
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Kartudjara]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Wati languages|Wati]] → [[Western Desert Language|Wati]]
| Australia ([[Southern Australia]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Karuk]]
| [[Karuk language]]
| United States (California)
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Kashmiris]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Dardic languages|Dardic]] → [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]
| [[Kashmir]] (India, Pakistan)
| [[Kashmiri Hindus]] (including [[Kashmiri Pandits]]), [[Kashmiris in Punjab]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]], [[Hinduism]], [[Sikhism]]
|-
| [[Kashubians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Kashubian language|Kashubian]]; historically [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Slovincian language|Slovincian]]
| Poland ([[Kashubia]])
| [[Krubans]], [[Slovincians]], and [[Gochy|Gochans]], along with [[Kashubian diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[Kashubian Americans|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Kaska Dena]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Kaska language|Kaska]]
| Canada ([[British Columbia]], [[Yukon Territory]])
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Kassena]]
| [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → [[Gur languages|Gur]] → [[Kasena language|Kasena]]
| [[Ghana]] ([[Kassena-Nankana Municipal District|Kassena-Nankana]]), [[Burkina Faso]]
|
| [[Traditional African religions|Kassena religion]]
|-
| [[Kaurna]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Thura-Yura languages|Thura-Yura]] → [[Kaurna language|Kaurna]]<ref group="note">The Kaurna language went extinct in 1929 but revival efforts have been ongoing since the 1980s. Most Kaurna people now mainly speak English.</ref>
| Australia ([[South Australia]])
|
| [[Dreamtime]]
|-
| [[Kaw people|Kaw]]
| [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] → [[Western Siouan languages|Western Siouan]] → [[Dhegihan languages|Dhegihan]] → [[Kansa language|Kansa]]
| United States ([[Oklahoma]], [[Kansas]])
|
| Christianity, [[Native American Church]], [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Kawesqar]]
| [[Alacalufan languages|Alacalufan]] → [[Kawesqar language|Kawesqar]]
| Chile ([[Patagonia|Chilean Patagonia]], [[Wellington Island]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Kayapo]]
| [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Je]] → [[Jê languages|Je]] → [[Kayapo language|Kayapo]]
| Brazil ([[Pará]], [[Mato Grosso]])
|
| Animism
|-
| [[Kazakhs]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Russian Sign Language|RSLic]] → [[Russian Sign Language|Russian Sign]] → [[Kazakh Sign Language|Kazakh Sign]]
| [[Kazakhstan]] 
| [[Zhuz#Senior zhuz|Uly juz]], [[Zhuz#Middle zhuz|Orta juz]], [[Zhuz#Junior zhuz|Kishi juz]]. Significant populations in [[Kazakhs in China|China]], [[Iranian Kazakhs|Iran]], [[Kazakh Canadians|Canada]], the [[Kazakh Americans|United States]], and [[Kazakhs in Russia|Russia]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Kemak people|Kemak]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Timoric languages|Timoric]] → [[Kemak language|Kemak]]
| Indonesia ([[West Timor]]), [[East Timor]]
| 
| [[Folk religion]], Christianity 
|-
| [[Kereks]]
| [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages|Chukotko-Kamchatkan]] → [[Chukotkan languages|Chukotkan]] → [[Kerek language|Kerek]]
| Russia ([[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug|Chukotka]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Keres people|Keres]]
| [[Keres language|Keresan languages]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Keresan Sign Language]]
| United States ([[Sandoval County, New Mexico|Sandoval County]] and [[Cibola County, New Mexico|Cibola County]], New Mexico)
| Eastern Keres (including [[Santa Ana Pueblo|Dámáyámʾé]], [[Kewa Pueblo, New Mexico|Dîiwʾamʾé]], [[San Felipe Pueblo, New Mexico|Katishtya]], [[Cochiti, New Mexico|Kʾúutìimʾé]], [[Zia Pueblo, New Mexico|Tsʾíiyʾamʾé]]) Western Keres (including [[Acoma Pueblo|Áakʾùumʾé]], [[Laguna, New Mexico|Kʾáwáigamʾé]])
| [[Religious syncretism|Syncretised]] form of Christianity and [[Pueblo religion]]
|-
| [[Kerewe people|Kerewe]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kerewe language|Kerewe]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Ukerewe Island]])
|
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Kerinci people|Kerincian]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Kerinci language|Kerincian]]
| Indonesia ([[Kerinci Regency|Kerincia]])
|
| [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Ket people|Ket]]
| [[Yeniseian languages|Yeniseian]] → Northern Yeniseian → [[Ket language|Ket]]
| Russia ([[Krasnoyarsk Krai]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Khakas]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → [[Khakas language|Khakas]]
| Russia ([[Khakassia]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Shamanism]] → [[Tengrism]]
|-
| [[Khalaj people|Khalaj]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Common Turkic languages|Common Turkic]] → [[Khalaj language|Khalaj]]
| [[Iran]]
|
| Islam → [[Shia Islam]]
|-
| [[Khanty]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Khanty languages|Khanty]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Russia ([[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Shamanism]] → [[Bear worship]]
|-
| [[Khas people|Khas]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
| [[Nepal]], India ([[Uttarakhand]], [[Sikkim]], [[Assam]], [[West Bengal]])
| [[Chhetri]], [[Thakuri dynasty|Thakuri]], [[Rana dynasty|Rana]], [[Vaishya|Vaisya]], [[Kami (caste)|Kami]], [[Damai]], Sarki, [[Sunar]], [[Gandarbha]]
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Khasi people|Khasi]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Khasi–Palaungic languages|Khasi–Palaungic]] → [[Khasic languages|Khasic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| India ([[Meghalaya]])
| [[Pnar people|Pnar]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Khinalug people|Khinalugs]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Khinalug language|Khinalug]]
| [[Azerbaijan]] ([[Khinalug]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Khmer people|Khmer]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Khmer language|Khmer]]
| [[Cambodia]], [[Mekong Delta]], [[Isan]]
| [[Northern Khmer people]], [[Khmer Krom]] and Significant populations in the [[Cambodian Americans|United States]]
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Buddhism in Cambodia|Theravada Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Khonds]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Kui language (India)|Kui]]
| India ([[Kandhamal district|Kandhamal]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Khorasani Turks]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Khorasani Turkic]] 
| Iran ([[Khorasan province|Khorasan]]), [[Turkmenistan]]
|
| Islam → [[Shia Islam]]
|-
| [[Khwarshi people|Khwarshi]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Tsezic languages|Tsezic]] → [[Khwarshi language|Khwarshi]]
| Russia ([[Tsumadinsky District]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Kickapoo people|Kickapoo]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Kickapoo people#Language|Kickapoo]]
| United States (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas), [[Mexico]] ([[Coahuila]], [[Sonora]], [[Durango]])
| [[Mexican Kickapoo|Tribu Kikapú]], [[Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas]], [[Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas]], [[Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma]]
| [[Native American Church]], Christianity
|-
| [[Kiga people|Kiga]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kiga language|Kiga]]
| [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Kikuyu people|Kikuyu]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kikuyu language|Kikuyu]]
| [[Kenya]] ([[Central Province (Kenya)|Central Province]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Kilba people|Kilba]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Chadic languages|Chadic]] → [[Huba language|Huba]]
| Nigeria ([[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Kinga people|Kinga]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kinga language|Kinga]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Kipengere Range]])
|
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religions|Traditional African religion]]
|-
| [[Kiowa]]
| [[Tanoan languages|Tanoan]] → [[Kiowa language|Kiowa]]
| United States (Oklahoma)
| 
| Christianity, [[Native American Church]]
|-
| [[Kirati people|Kirantis]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Kiranti languages|Kiranti]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Nepal]] ([[Eastern Region, Nepal|Eastern Region]])
| [[Limbu people|Limbu]], [[Sunuwar people|Sunuwar]], [[Yakkha people|Yakkha]] (including [[Athpare language|Athpare]]), [[Rai people|Rai]] (including [[Kulung people|Kulung]], [[Bantawa language|Bantawa]], and [[Bahing]])
| [[Kirat Mundhum]]
|-
| [[Kiribati people|Kiribati]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Micronesian languages|Micronesian]] → [[Gilbertese language|Gilbertese]]
| [[Gilbert Islands]] ([[Kiribati]])
|
| Christianity, [[Baháʼí Faith]]
|-
| [[Kiriri people|Kiriri]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] → [[Brazilian Portuguese]]; formerly [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Jê]] → [[Kariri languages|Kariri]]
| Brazil ([[Ceará]])
|
| [[Folk religion|Toré religion]]<ref name=pib>[http://pib.socioambiental.org/en/povo/kiriri "Kiriri: Introduction."] ''Povos Indígenas no Brasil.'' (retrieved 13 Aug 2011)</ref>
|-
| [[Kissi people|Kissi]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[West Atlantic languages|West Atlantic]] → [[Mel languages|Mel]] → [[Kissi language|Kissi]]
| [[Guinea]], [[Sierra Leone]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Klallam]]
| [[Salishan languages|Salishan]] → [[Coast Salish languages|Coast Salish]] → [[Klallam language|Klallam]]
| United States ([[Olympic Peninsula]], [[Kitsap Peninsula]]), Canada ([[Vancouver Island]])
| [[Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe|Lower Elwha Klallam]], [[Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe of Washington|Jamestown S'Klallam]], [[Port Gamble Band of S'Klallam Indians|Port Gamble S'Klallam]], [[Scia'new First Nation|Scia'new Klallam]]
| Christianity, [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Koara]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Wati languages|Wati]] → [[Western Desert Language|Wati]]
| Australia ([[Western Australia]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Koch people|Koches]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Sal languages|Sal]] → [[Koch language|Koch]]
| India ([[Assam]], [[Meghalaya]]), northern [[Bangladesh]]
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Kodava people|Kodava]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → Tamil–[[Kodava language|Kodava]]–[[Urali language|Urali]] → [[Kodava language|Kodava]]
| India ([[Kodagu]], [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Kofyar people|Kofyar]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Chadic languages|Chadic]] → [[Kofyar language|Kofyar]]
| Nigeria ([[Plateau State]])
|
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Kokatha]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Wati languages|Wati]] → [[Western Desert Language|Wati]]
| Australia ([[South Australia]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Komi peoples|Komi]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Permic languages|Permic]] → [[Komi language|Komi]]
| Russia ([[Komi Republic]], [[Komi-Permyak Okrug|Permyakia]])
| [[Komi-Zyrian language|Komi-Zyrians]], [[Komi-Permyak language|Komi-Permyaks]], [[Izhma Komi]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Konda Reddis]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → South-Central Dravidian → [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| India ([[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Odisha]], [[Tamil Nadu]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Kongo people|Kongo]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kongo language|Kongo]]
| [[Kongo Central|Kongoland]] ([[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Republic of the Congo]], [[Angola]])
| [[Lari people (Congo)|Lari]], [[Vili people|Vili]], [[Yombe people|Yombe]], [[Suundi people|Suundi]], [[Dondo people|Dondo]], [[Hangala people|Hangala]], [[Kugni people|Kugni]], [[Manyanga people|Manyanga]], [[Beembe tribe (Kongo)|Beembe]]
| Christianity, [[Kongo religion]]
|-
| [[Konjo people|Konjo]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Konjo language (Bantu)|Konjo]]
| [[Rwenzori Mountains]] ([[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Uganda]])
| [[Nande language|Nande]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Konkani people|Konkani]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Konkani language|Konkani]] 
| India ([[Konkan]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Konso people|Konso]] 
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] → [[Konso language|Konso]]
| Ethiopia ([[Konso special woreda|Konso]])
|
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Koreans]] 
| [[Koreanic languages]],<ref name="Language family" group="note"/> [[Japanese Sign Language family|JSLic]] → [[Korean Sign Language|Korean Sign]]
| [[Korea]] ([[North Korea]], [[South Korea]]), China ([[Jilin]], [[Xi'an District, Mudanjiang|Xi'an District]])
| [[Demographics of North Korea|North Koreans]] (including [[North Koreans in South Korea|in South Korea]]), [[Demographics of South Korea|South Koreans]], [[Jeju people|Jeju Islanders]], [[Koryo-saram]], [[Sakhalin Koreans]], [[Koreans in Japan|Zainichi Koreans]], [[Chaoxianzu]] (including [[Chaoxianzu in Japan|in Japan]] and [[Chaoxianzu in Korea|Korea]]) and along with [[Korean diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[Korean Americans|United States]], [[Korean Canadians|Canada]], [[Koreans in Mexico|Mexico]], [[Koreans in Cuba|Cuba]], [[Koreans in Guatemala|Guatemala]], Russia (including [[North Koreans in Russia|North Koreans]], [[Koryo-saram]], and [[Sakhalin Koreans]]), [[Koreans in China|China]], [[Koreans in Japan|Japan]] (including Zainichi Koreans and Chaoxianzu), [[Koreans in Vietnam|Vietnam]], [[Koreans in Thailand|Thailand]], [[Koreans in Singapore|Singapore]], the [[Koreans in the Philippines|Philippines]], [[Koreans in Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Koreans in Mongolia|Mongolia]], [[Koreans in Iran|Iran]], [[Koreans in Nepal|Nepal]], [[Koreans in Taiwan|Taiwan]], [[Koreans in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]], [[Koreans in India|India]], the [[Koreans in the Arab world|Arab world]], [[Koreans in Africa|Africa]] (including [[Koreans in South Africa|South Africa]]), [[Koreans in Argentina|Argentina]], [[Korean Brazilians|Brazil]], [[Koreans in Paraguay|Paraguay]], [[Koreans in Venezuela|Venezuela]], [[Korean Australians|Australia]], [[Koreans in Ukraine|Ukraine]], [[Korean New Zealanders|New Zealand]], [[Koreans in Micronesia|Micronesia]], [[Koreans in Peru|Peru]], [[Koreans in Chile|Chile]], [[Korean Uruguayans|Uruguay]], [[Koreans in Germany|Germany]], the [[Koreans in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], the [[Koreans in the Netherlands|Netherlands]], and the [[Koreans in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]
| Christianity<ref name="non-religious" group="note" /> → [[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]], Buddhism → [[Mahayana Buddhism]] → [[Korean Buddhism]], [[Korean shamanism]], [[Cheondoism]], [[Unification Church]], [[Juche]]
|-
| [[Koryaks]]
| [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages|Chukotko-Kamchatkan]] → [[Chukotkan languages|Chukotkan]] → [[Koryak language|Koryak]]
| Russia ([[Koryak Okrug]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Kosraean people|Kosraeans]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Micronesian languages|Micronesian]] → [[Kosraean language|Kosraean]]
| [[Federated States of Micronesia]] ([[Kosrae]])
| 
| Christianity
|-
| [[Koyukon]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Koyukon language|Koyukon]]
| United States (Alaska)
|
| Christianity, [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Kpelle people|Kpelle]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Mande languages|Mande]] → [[Kpelle language|Kpelle]]
| [[Liberia]], [[Guinea]]
|
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Kposo people|Kposo]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Kwa languages|Kwa]] → [[Ghana–Togo Mountain languages|Ghana–Togo Mountain]] → [[Kposo language|Kposo]]
| [[Togo]] ([[Plateaux Region, Togo|Plateaux]]), [[Ghana]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Kraho]]
| [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Je]] → [[Jê languages|Je]] → [[Kraho dialect|Kraho]]
| Brazil ([[Kraho#Terra Indigena Kraolandia|Terra Indigena Kraolandia]])
|
| Animism
|-
| [[Kristang people|Kristang]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Portuguese-based creole languages|Portuguese-based creole]] → [[Kristang language|Kristang]]
| Malaysia, Singapore
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Kru people|Kru]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Kru languages|Kru]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Liberia]] ([[Grand Kru County|Grand Kru]] and [[Maryland County|Maryland]] Counties)
| [[Aizi]], [[Bete people|Bete]], [[Bakwe language|Bakwe]], [[Grebo people|Grebo]], [[Krahn people|Krahn]] (including [[Sapo language|Sapo]]), [[Kuwaa language|Kuwaa]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Kryts people|Kryts]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Lezgic languages|Lezgic]] → [[Kryts language|Kryts]]
| [[Azerbaijan]]
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Kulin nation|Kulin]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Kulinic languages|Kulinic]] → [[Kulin languages|Kulin]]
| Australia ([[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]])
|
| [[Dreamtime|Alcheringa]]
|-
| [[Kumandins]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → [[Northern Altai language|Northern Altai]] → Kumandy
| Russia ([[Altai Krai]], [[Altai Republic]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Kumaoni people|Kumaonis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]]
| India ([[Uttarakhand]] ([[Kumaon division|Kumaon]])), [[Nepal]] ([[Doti]])
| Johari, Askoti, Bhabhri, Danpuriya, Gangoli, Khasparjiya, Kumaiyya, Pachhai, Phaldakotiya, Rhau-Chaubyansi, Sirali, Soriyali
| [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Kumyks]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Kumyk language|Kumyk]] 
| Russia ([[Kumykia]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Kumzari people|Kumzari]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Kumzari language|Kumzari]]
| [[Oman]] ([[Kumzar]])
|
| Islam → [[Ibadi Islam]], [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Kunama people|Kunama]] 
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Kunama language|Kunama]]
| [[Eritrea]], Ethiopia
|
| Christianity → [[Oriental Orthodoxy]] → [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Kurds]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Zaza–Gorani languages|Zaza–Gorani]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Khorasani Turkic]]; [[Kurdish Sign Language|Kurdish Sign language]]
| [[Kurdistan]] ([[Iraq]] ([[Iraqi Kurdistan|Southern Kurdistan]]), [[Iran]] ([[Iranian Kurdistan|Eastern Kurdistan]], [[Khorasan province|Khorasan]], [[Golestan province|Golestan]]), [[Syria]] ([[Syrian Kurdistan|Western Kurdistan]]), Turkey ([[Turkish Kurdistan|Northern Kurdistan]])), [[South Caucasus]] ([[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]])
| [[Bajalan (tribe)|Bajalan]], [[Zazas]], [[Feyli (tribe)|Feylis]], [[Lak (tribe)|Iranian Laks]], [[Chechen Kurds]], [[Yazidis]], [[Yarsanism|Yarsanis]], [[Kurdish Christians]], [[Shabaks]], [[Sheylanli (tribe)|Sheylanli]], [[Chalabianlu (tribe)|Chalabianlu]], [[Muzuri (tribe)|Muzuri]], [[Caucasian Kurds]], [[Khorasani Kurds]] along with [[Kurdish population|significant populations]] in [[Kurds in Iraq|Iraq]] (including [[Yazidism in Iraq|Yazidis]]), [[Kurds in Iran|Iran]], [[Kurds in Syria|Syria]] (including [[Yazidism in Syria|Yazidis]]), [[Kurds in Turkey|Turkey]] (including [[Yazidism in Turkey|Yazidis]]), [[Kurds in Armenia|Armenia]] (including [[Yazidis in Armenia|Yazidis]]), [[Kurds in Georgia|Georgia]] (including [[Yazidism in Georgia|Yazidis]]), [[Kurds in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], [[Kurds in France|France]], [[Kurds in Palestine|Palestine]], [[Kurds in Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]], and [[Kurds in Germany|Germany]] (including [[Yazidis in Germany|Yazidis]])
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]] → [[Sufism]] → [[Naqshbandi]], [[Qadiriyya]]; Islam → [[Alevism]] → [[Kurdish Alevism]]; [[Yazidism]]; [[Yarsanism]]; [[Zoroastrianism]]
|-
| [[Kuria people|Kuria]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kuria language|Kuria]]
| [[Kenya]], Tanzania
|
| [[Traditional African religions]], Christianity
|-
| [[Kurukh people|Kurukh]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]]
| India ([[Chota Nagpur Plateau]])
| [[Kisan people|Kisan]]
| [[Sarnaism]], Christianity, [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Kuteb people|Kuteb]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Jukunoid languages|Jukunoid]] → [[Kuteb language|Kuteb]]
| Nigeria ([[Taraba State]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Kuwarranyji]]
| [[Pama–Nyungan languages|Pama–Nyungan]] → [[Ngumpin–Yapa languages|Ngumpin–Yapa]] → [[Mudburra language|Mudburra]] → Kuwarranyji
| Australia ([[Northern Territory]])
|
| [[Dreamtime|Alcheringa]]
|-
| [[Kven people|Kvens]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Finnic languages|Finnic]] → [[Finnish language|Finnish]] → [[Kven language|Kven]]
| Norway ([[Northern Norway]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]] → [[Laestadianism]]
|-
| [[Kwakwaka'wakw]]
| [[Wakashan languages|Wakashan]] → Northern Wakashan → [[Kwak'wala]]
| Canada ([[British Columbia]])
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Kwaya people|Kwaya]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kwaya language|Kwaya]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Mara Region]])
|
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religion]]
|-
| [[Kwere people|Kwere]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Kwere language|Kwere]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Bagamoyo District]])
|
| Islam, [[Traditional African religion]]
|-
| [[Kwinti people|Kwinti]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[English-based creole languages|English Creole]] → [[Kwinti language|Kwinti]]
| [[Suriname]]
|
| Christianity → [[Moravian Church]]
|-
| [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]; [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] → Central Mongolic → [[Oirat language|Oirat]] → [[Sart Kalmyk language|Sart Kalmyk]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Russian Sign Language|RSLic]] → [[Russian Sign Language|Russian Sign]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Right to Accessible Communication and Information: Promoting Sign Language in Kyrgyzstan |url=https://www.undp.org/kyrgyzstan/press-releases/right-accessible-communication-and-information-promoting-sign-language-kyrgyzstan |date=2024-12-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229065816/https://www.undp.org/kyrgyzstan/press-releases/right-accessible-communication-and-information-promoting-sign-language-kyrgyzstan |archive-date=2024-12-29 |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref>
| [[Kyrgyzstan]], China ([[Xinjiang]]), [[Uzbekistan]]
| [[Sart Kalmyks]], Kyrgyzstani Kyrgyz, Uzbekistani Kyrgyz, [[Kyrgyz in China|Chinese Kyrgyz]] (including [[Akto Turkmen]]), significant populations in [[Kyrgyz in Turkey|Turkey]], [[Kyrgyz in Pakistan|Pakistan]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]] → [[Hanafi]], [[Tengrism]]
|- id=L
| [[Ladakhis]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tibetic languages|Tibetic]] → [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]]
| India ([[Ladakh]]), China ([[Tibet]]), Pakistan ([[Baltistan]])
|
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]], Islam → [[Shia Islam]], [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Ladin people|Ladins]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Ladin language|Ladin]]
| Italy ([[Ladinia]])
|
| Christianity → [[Roman Catholicism|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Laks (Caucasus)|Laks]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Lak language|Lak]]
| Russia ([[Lakia]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Lamaholot people|Lamaholot]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Flores–Lembata languages|Flores–Lembata]] → [[Lamaholot language|Lamaholot]]
| Indonesia ([[Solor]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Lampung people|Lampungs]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Lampung language|Lampung]]
| Indonesia ([[Lampung]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Lani people|Lani]]
| [[Trans-New Guinea]] → [[Western Dani language|Western Dani]]
| Indonesia ([[Central Papua]], [[Highland Papua]])
|
| Christianity, [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Lao people|Lao]]
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]] → [[Tai languages|Tai]] → [[Lao language|Lao]]
| [[Laos]]
|
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]], [[Satsana Phi]]
|-
| [[Larrakia people|Larrakia]]
| [[Laragiya language|Larrakia]]
| Australia ([[Northern Territory]])
|
| [[Dreamtime|Alcheringa]]
|-
| [[Latvians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Baltic languages|Baltic]] → [[Latvian language|Latvian]], [[Latgalian language|Latgalian]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Russian Sign Language|Russian Sign]] → [[Latvian Sign Language|Latvian Sign]]
| [[Latvia]], Russia ([[Zelenogradsky District]], [[:ru:Арх-Латышский сельсовет|Arch-Latvian Selsoviet]], [[Nizhnyaya Bulanka]]), [[Lithuania]] ([[Klaipėda County]])
| [[Latgalians (modern)|Latgalians]], [[Kursenieki]], [[Selonia]]ns
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]
|-
| [[Laz people|Laz]]
| [[Kartvelian languages|Kartvelian]] → [[Zan languages|Zan]] → [[Laz language|Laz]]<ref group="note">Due to both [[Turkification]] and the tendency among Georgia-residing Laz to see themselves as being a Georgian subgroup, the majority of Laz either speak Turkish or Georgian.</ref>
| [[Lazistan Sanjak|Lazistan]] (Turkey, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]])
| [[Laz people in Turkey|Turkish Laz]], [[Laz people in Georgia|Georgian Laz]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Lega people|Lega]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Lega language|Lega]]
| [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
|
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Lemba people|Lemba]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Venda language|Venda]], [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Shona language|Shona]]
| [[Zimbabwe]], South Africa, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]]
|
| Christianity, Islam, [[Judaism]]
|-
| [[Lenape]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Munsee language|Munsee]]; historically [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Unami language|Unami]]
| United States, Canada
| [[Munsee]] (including [[Christian Munsee]] (including [[Delaware Nation at Moraviantown]]), [[Stockbridge–Munsee Community|Stockbridge Munsee]], [[Munsee-Delaware Nation]]), [[Delaware Nation]], [[Delaware Tribe of Indians]], [[Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware]], [[Six Nations of the Grand River|Delaware of Six Nations]], [[Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape]], [[Ramapough Mountain Indians]]
| [[Native American religions|Traditional Lenape religion]]
|-
| [[Lenca]]
| [[Macro-Chibchan languages|Macro-Chibchan]] → [[Lencan languages|Lencan]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Honduran Spanish]], [[Salvadoran Spanish]]
| [[Honduras]], [[El Salvador]]
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Sovereign Tribal Custom]]
|-
| [[Lepcha people|Lepchas]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] → [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]]
| India ([[Sikkim]], [[West Bengal]]), [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]], China ([[Tibet]])
|
| [[Buddhism]], [[Mun (religion)|Mun]], Christianity
|-
| [[Lezgins]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Lezgic languages|Lezgic]] → [[Lezgian language|Lezgian]]
| [[Lezgistan]] (Russia, [[Azerbaijan]])
| [[Lezgins in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani Lezgins]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Lhoba people|Lhoba]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Adi people|Adi]], [[Bokar language|Bokar]], [[Idu Mishmi language|Idu Mishmi]]<ref group="note">The Lhoba speak a variety of Sino-Tibetan languages, all of which may or may not be mutually intelligible.</ref>
| China ([[Tibet]]), India ([[Arunachal Pradesh]])
| [[Nishi language|Nishi]], [[Na people|Na]], [[Galo language|Galo]], [[Mishmi people]], [[Tagin language|Tagin]], [[Adi people|Adi]]
| [[Animism]], [[Buddhism]], Christianity
|-
| [[Lhotshampa]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
| [[Bhutan]]
| 
| [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Hlai people|Li]]
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]] → [[Hlai languages|Hlai]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| China ([[Hainan]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Liechtensteiners]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Alemmanic German]]
| [[Liechtenstein]]]
|
| [[Christianity]] → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Limba people (Sierra Leone)|Limba]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Limba language|Limba]]
| [[Sierra Leone]] ([[Bombali District|Bombali]] and [[Koinadugu District]]s)
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Lipka Tatars]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Polish language|Polish]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Baltic languages|Baltic]] → [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
| [[Belarus]], Poland, [[Lithuania]]
| 
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Lisu people|Lisu]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Loloish languages|Loloish]] → [[Lisu language|Lisu]]
| China, [[Myanmar]]
| [[Lipo language|Lipo]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lisu Christianity]]
|-
| [[Lithuanians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Baltic languages|Baltic]] → [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Subačius |first1=Giedrius |title=The Lithuanian language: traditions and trends |date=2005 |publisher=The Lithuanian Institute, [[Ministry of Culture (Lithuania)|Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania]] |isbn=9955-548-09-6 |url=https://subacius.people.uic.edu/SUB_KN/SUB_2005_Lith_Lang_2nd_ed_ENGLISH.pdf |page=7 |access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref> [[Lithuanian Sign Language|Lithuanian Sign]]
| [[Lithuania]], Poland ([[Podlaskie Voivodeship|Podlaskie]]), Russia ([[Kaliningrad Oblast]])
| [[Samogitians]], [[Aukštaitija|Aukštaitians]], [[Prussian Lithuanians|Lietuvninkai]], along with significant populations in the [[Lithuanian Americans|United States]], [[Lithuanian Canadians|Canada]], [[Lithuanian Brazilians|Brazil]], [[Lithuanian minority in Poland|Poland]] and the [[Lithuanians in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Livonians]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Finnic languages|Finnic]] → [[Livonian language|Livonian]]
| [[Latvia]], [[Estonia]]
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]
|-
| [[Lodha people|Lodha]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Munda languages|Munda]] → [[Lodhi language|Lodhi]]
| India ([[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]], [[West Bengal]])
| [[Lodha Muslims]]
| [[Hinduism]], Islam
|-
| [[Loloda language|Loloda]]
| [[West Papuan languages|West Papuan]] → [[North Halmahera languages|North Halmahera]] → [[Loloda language|Loloda]] 
| Indonesia ([[:id:Loloda Kepulauan, Halmahera Utara|Loloda Islands]])
|
| Islam, [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Lom people|Lom]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Armenian language|Armenian]] and [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Lomavren language|Lomavren]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
| [[Armenia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], Turkey
|
| Christianity → [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Oriental Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Lori people|Lori]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Balochi language|Balochi]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]]
| [[Balochistan]] (India, Pakistan)
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Cowlitz people|Lower Cowlitz]]
| Historically [[Salishan languages|Salishan]] → [[Coast Salish languages|Coast Salish]] → [[Cowlitz language|Cowlitz]]
| United States ([[Cowlitz Indian Tribe#Reservation|Cowlitz Reservation]], [[Quinault Indian Nation#Reservation|Quinault Reservation]], [[Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation#Reservation|Chehalis Reservation]])
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Luba people|Luba]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Luban languages|Luban]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ([[Lubaland]])
| [[Luba-Kasai language|Luba-Kasai]], [[Luba-Katanga language|Luba-Katanga]], [[Hemba people|Hemba]] (including [[Bangubangu]]), [[Songe language|Songe]], [[Lulua people|Lulua]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Lubu people|Lubu]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Lubu language|Lubu]]
| Indonesia ([[Sumatra]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Lugbara people|Lugbara]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Central Sudanic languages|Central Sudanic]] → [[Lugbara language|Lugbara]]
| [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ([[Orientale Province]]), [[South Sudan]], [[Uganda]] ([[West Nile sub-region|West Nile]] (particularly [[Arua City]], [[Arua District|Arua]], [[Maracha District|Maracha]], [[Terego District|Terego]], [[Madi-Okollo District|Madi-Okollo]], [[Yumbe District|Yumbe]] and [[Koboko District|Koboko]] [[Districts of Uganda|districts]]))
| Ayivu, Maracha, Terego, Vurra, Aringa
| Christianity, Islam, [[Lugbara mythology|Lugbara religion]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/03_20182002_CensusPopnCompostionAnalyticalReport_(1).pdf|title=Population Composition|website=ubos.org|access-date=7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
| [[Luhya people|Luhya]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Luhya language|Luhya]]
| [[Kenya]] ([[Western Province (Kenya)|Western Province]])
| [[Bukusu]], [[Idakho]], [[Isukha]], [[Kabras]], [[Khayo]], [[Kisa tribe|Kisa]], [[Marachi]], [[Maragoli]], [[Marama tribe|Marama]], [[Nyole tribe|Nyole]], [[Samia tribe|Samia]], [[Tachoni]], [[Tiriki]], [[Tsotso]], [[Wanga tribe (Luhya)|Wanga]], 
| Christianity
|-
| [[Lumbee]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[American Indian English]] → [[Lumbee#Language|Lumbee English]]
| United States (North Carolina)
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Luo people (Kenya)|Luo]] 
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Luo dialect|Dholuo]]
| [[Kenya]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Luritja]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Wati languages|Wati]] → [[Luritja dialect|Luritja]]
| Australia ([[Northern Territory]])
|
| [[Dreamtime|Alcheringa]]
|-
| [[Lurs]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Luri language|Luri]]
| [[Iran]] ([[Lorestan province|Lorestan]], [[Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province|Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad]], [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]], [[Bushehr province|Bushehr]], and [[Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province|Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari]] Provinces)
| [[Bakhtiari people|Bakhtiari]], [[Lak (tribe)|Iranian Laks]]
| Islam → [[Shia Islam]], [[Yarsanism]]
|-
| [[Luso-Africans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] → [[Portuguese language in Africa|African Portuguese]]	
| PALOP countries ([[Angola]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Cape Verde]], [[Mozambique]], [[São Tomé and Príncipe]], [[Equatorial Guinea]]), South Africa
| | [[Portuguese Africans]] (including [[Portuguese Angolans|Luso-Angolans]], [[Cape Verdeans]], [[Demographics of Equatorial Guinea|Luso-Equatoguineans]], [[Portuguese Guineans|Luso-Guineans]], [[Portuguese Mozambicans|Mozambique]], [[Demographics of São Tomé and Príncipe|Santomeans]], [[Portuguese South African|Luso-South Africans]])
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Portuguese Brazilians|Luso-Brazilians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] → [[Brazilian Portuguese]]
| Brazil
| [[North Region, Brazil|North Brazilians]], [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast Brazilians]], [[Central-West Region, Brazil|Central-West Brazilians]], [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast Brazilians]] (includes [[Caipira]]s), [[South Region, Brazil|South Brazilians]] (including [[Paraná (state)|Paranaenses]], [[Rio Grande do Sul|Riograndenses]], and [[Santa Catarina (state)|Catarinenses]]), along with [[Latin American diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[Brazilian Americans|United States]], [[Brazilians in Portugal|Portugal]], [[Brasiguayos|Paraguay]], [[Brazilians in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], [[Brazilians in Japan|Japan]], [[Immigration to Italy|Italy]], [[Immigration to Spain|Spain]], [[Brazilians in Germany|Germany]], [[Immigration to Canada|Canada]], [[Immigration to Argentina|Argentina]], [[Brazilians in France|France]], [[Immigration to Switzerland|Switzerland]], [[Demographics of French Guiana|French Guiana]], [[Brazilian Australians|Australia]], [[Brazilians in Ireland|Ireland]], [[Immigration to Mexico|Mexico]], [[Brazilian Uruguayans|Uruguay]], [[Demographics of Belgium|Belgium]], [[Brazilian Bolivians|Bolivia]], [[Demographics of the Netherlands|Netherlands]], and [[Brazilians in Suriname|Suriname]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Luso-Indians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] → [[Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole]], [[Korlai Portuguese Creole]], [[Cochin Portuguese Creole]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]
| India ([[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Mumbai]], [[Vasai]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Daman, Diu & Silvassa]], [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kolkata]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]])
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]; [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Luxembourgers]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Moselle Franconian language|Moselle Franconian]] → [[Luxembourgish]]
| [[Luxembourg]], Belgium ([[Arelerland]]), and surrounding regions
| Significant populations in [[Luxembourgish Brazilians|Brazil]], [[Luxembourgish Canadians|Canada]], and the [[Luxembourgish Americans|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|- id=M
| [[Maasai people|Maasai]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Maasai language|Maasai]]
| [[Maasailand]] ([[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]]) 
| [[Samburu people|Samburu]], [[Arusha people|Arusha]], [[Kwavi people|Kwavi]]
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Macanese people|Macanese]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] → [[Macanese Patois]], [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Sinitic languages|Sinitic]] → [[Cantonese]]
| China ([[Macau]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
| [[North Macedonia]]
| [[Torbesh]], [[Mijaks]], [[Berziti|Brsjaks]], along with [[Macedonian diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Macedonian Australians|Australia]], [[Macedonians in Germany|Germany]], [[Macedonians in Italy|Italy]], [[Macedonians in Switzerland|Switzerland]] and [[Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia|Greece]]
| Christianity → [[Macedonian Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Macushi]]
| [[Cariban languages|Cariban]] → [[Macushi language|Macushi]]
| [[Guyana]] ([[Rupununi]]), Brazil ([[Roraima]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Madi people|Madi]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Central Sudanic languages|Central Sudanic]] → [[Ma'di language|Ma'di]]
| [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[South Sudan]], [[Uganda]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Madurese people|Madurese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polyesian]] → [[Madurese language|Madurese]]
| Indonesia ([[Madura Island|Madura]])<ref group="note">Due to poor soil condition in Madura, the majority now live on [[Java]].</ref>
| [[Bawean|Boyanese]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]] → [[Nahdlatul Ulama|Shafi'i]]
|-
| [[Mafa people|Mafa]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Chadic languages|Chadic]] → [[Mafa language|Mafa]]
| [[Cameroon]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Magahi people|Magahi]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Bihari languages|Bihari]] → [[Magahi language|Magahi]]
| India ([[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Magars]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Magar language|Magar]]<ref group="note">The majority of the Magars have recently switched to Nepali.</ref>
| [[Nepal]]
| Ale, [[Gharti]], [[Chantyal language|Chantayal]], Saru, Pun
| [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Maguindanao people|Maguindanao]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Maguindanao language|Maguindanao]]
| Philippines ([[Maguindanao]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Mahar]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| India ([[Maharashtra]])
|
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Navayana Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Maithils]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Bihari languages|Bihari]] → [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
| [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] (India, [[Nepal]])
| [[Karan Kayastha]], [[Brahmin]], [[Chhetri]], [[Vaishya|Vaisya]]
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Makaa people|Makaa]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Makaa language|Makaa]], [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Byep language|Byep]]
| [[Cameroon]] ([[East Region (Cameroon)|East Region]], [[Centre Region (Cameroon)|Centre Region]])
| [[Makaa language|South Makaa]], [[Byep language|North Makaa]]
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religion]]
|-
| [[Makah]]
| [[Wakashan languages|Wakashan]] → Southern Wakashan → [[Makah language|Makah]]
| United States ([[Washington (state)|Washington]])
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Makassar people|Makassarese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[South Sulawesi languages|South Sulawesi]] → [[Makassarese language|Makassarese]]
| Indonesia ([[South Sulawesi]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[:id:Suku Makian|Makianese]]
| [[West Papuan languages|West Papuan]] → [[North Halmahera languages|North Halmahera]] → [[West Makian language|Moi]], [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[South Halmahera languages|South Halmahera]] → [[Taba language|Taba]],
| Indonesia ([[Makian]])
| Tabayama, Jitinee 
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]], [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Makonde people|Makonde]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Makonde language|Makonde]]
| [[Tanzania]], [[Mozambique]] ([[Mueda Plateau]])
| [[Machinga people|Machinga]]
| Islam
|-
| [[Makua people|Makua]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Makhuwa language|Makhuwa]]
| [[Mozambique]]
| [[Lomwe people|Lomwe]], [[Chuwabu language|Chuwabu]], [[Moniga language|Moniga]], [[Koti language|Koti]], [[Nathembo language|Nathembo]]
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Malagasy people|Malagasy]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Barito languages|Greater Barito]] → [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]]
| [[Madagascar]], [[Comoros]], [[Mayotte]], [[Réunion]], [[Mauritius]]
| [[Merina people|Merina]], [[Sihanaka]], [[Betsileo people|Betsileo]], [[Zafimaniry]], [[Antaifasy]], [[Antemoro people|Antemoro]], [[Antaisaka people|Antaisaka]], [[Antambahoaka]], [[Antandroy|Tandroy]], [[Antankarana]], [[Antanosy people|Antanosy]], [[Bara people|Bara]], [[Betsimisaraka people|Betsimisaraka]], [[Bezanozano]], [[Mahafaly]], [[Makoa]], [[Mikea people|Mikea]], [[Sakalava people|Sakalava]], [[Tanala]], [[Tsimihety people|Tsimihety]], [[Vezo people|Vezo]]
| Christianity, [[Malagasy mythology|Malagasy religion]]
|-
| [[Malasar Tribe|Malasar]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Tamiloid languages|Tamiloid]] → [[Malasar language|Malasar]]
| India ([[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Malayalis]]<ref group="note">Otherwise known as [[wikt:Keralite|Keralites]] or [[wikt:Keralan|Keralans]].</ref>
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Malayalam languages|Malayalamoid]] → [[Malayalam]]
| India ([[Kerala]])
| [[Ambalavasi]], [[Dheevara (caste)|Dheevara]], [[Nair]], [[Paravar]], [[Ezhava]], [[Latin Catholics of Malabar|Malabar Latin Catholics]], [[Saint Thomas Christians]] along with significant populations in the [[Kerala Gulf diaspora|Arab states of the Persian Gulf]]
| [[Hinduism]], Islam, Christianity
|-
| [[Malayarayan]]s
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Malayalamoid languages|Malayalamoid]] → [[Malaryan language|Malaryan]]
| India ([[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Malay language|Malaysian–Indonesian Malay]], [[Brunei Malay]], [[Jambi Malay]], [[Pahang Malay]], [[Terengganu Malay]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay]], [[Kedah Malay]], [[Reman Malay]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[American Sign Language|ASLic]] → [[Malaysian Sign Language|Malaysian Sign]]; [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malay trade and creole languages|Malay Creole]] → [[Sri Lanka Malay language|Sri Lanka Malay]]
| [[Malay world]] (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, [[Brunei]])
| [[Kedahan Malays|Kedahans]], [[Thai Malays|Pattani]], [[Pahang Malays|Pahang]], [[Pontianaks]], [[Terengganuan Malays|Terengganuarians]], [[Kelantanese Malays|Kelantanese]], [[Perakian Malay people|Perakians]], [[Berau Malays|Berau]], [[Loloan Malays]], [[Proto-Malay]] (including [[Orang Kuala]], [[Jakun people|Jakun]], [[Orang Rimba]], [[Orang Seletar]], and [[Temuan people|Temuan]]) [[Cape Malays]], [[Cocos Malays]], [[Bangka Malay]]s, [[Thai Malays]], [[Burmese Malays]], [[Sri Lanka Malays]], [[Bruneian Malays|Bruneians]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Maldivians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Maldivian language|Maldivian]]
| [[Maldives]], India ([[Minicoy]])
| [[Mahl people|Mahls]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Maltese people|Maltese]] 
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Arabic]] → [[Maltese language|Maltese]]
| [[Malta]]
| [[Gozo|Gozitans]], with [[Emigration from Malta|significant populations]] in Greece (including [[Corfiot Maltese|Corfu]])
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Mambai people|Mambai]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Timoric languages|Timoric]] → [[Mambai language (Timor)|Mambai]]
| [[East Timor]] ([[Dili District]])
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Mambila people|Mambila]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Mambila language|Mambila]]
| [[Mambilla Plateau]] (Nigeria, [[Cameroon]])
| [[Somyev language|Somyev]]
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Manchu people|Manchus]] 
| [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] → Southern Tungusic → [[Manchu language|Manchu]]<ref name="Tungusic" group="note">The majority of the Tungusic languages are endangered, and many Tungusic ethnic groups now mostly speak only Russian or Chinese depending on the location of their homeland.</ref>
| [[Manchuria]] (China, Russia)
| Significant populations in [[Manchu people in Taiwan|Taiwan]]
| [[Manchu shamanism|Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Mandaeans]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] → [[Mandaic language|Mandaic]]
| Southern [[Mesopotamia]]
| [[Iraq]], [[Iran]]
| [[Mandaeism]]
|-
| [[Mandarese people|Mandarese]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[South Sulawesi languages|South Sulawesi]] → [[Mandar language|Mandar]]
| Indonesia ([[West Sulawesi]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Mandinka people|Mandinka]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Mande languages|Mande]] → [[Manding languages|Manding]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Mali]], [[The Gambia]], [[Guinea]], [[Senegal]]
| [[Bolon language|Bolon]]
| Islam
|-
| [[Mangalorean Catholics]]
| [[Indo-European languages]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Konkani language|Konkani]]
| India ([[Karnataka]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Mangareva]]ns
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Mangareva language|Mangareva]]
| France ([[Gambier Islands]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Manggarai people|Manggarai]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Sumba–Flores languages|Sumba–Flores]] → [[Manggarai language|Manggarai]]
| Indonesia ([[Manggarai Regency|Manggarai]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Manjak people|Manjak]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[West Atlantic languages|West Atlantic]] → [[Senegambian languages|Senegambian]] → [[Manjak language|Manjak]]
| [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Senegal]]
|
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Malabar Muslims]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Malayalamoid languages|Malayalamoid]] → [[Malayalam]] → [[Arabi Malayalam]]
| India ([[Kerala]], [[Lakshadweep]])
| Mappilas, [[Thangals]], Baramis, Themims, [[Pusalan|Pusalars]], [[Ossan]]s, [[Koya (Malabar)|Koyas]], [[Kerala Gulf diaspora]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Mannan (caste)|Mannan]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Tamiloid languages|Tamiloid]] → [[Mannan language|Mannan]]
| India ([[Idukki district]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Mansi people|Mansi]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Mansi languages|Mansi]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Russia ([[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Shamanism]] → [[Bear worship]]
|-
| [[Manx people|Manx]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] → [[Manx language|Manx]],<ref name="Celts" group="note" /> [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Manx English]]
| [[Isle of Man]] ([[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]])
| Significant populations in the [[Manx Americans|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Māori people|Māori]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Māori language|New Zealand Māori]],<ref group="note">Although the Māori have been able to [[Māori language revival|halt]] the extinction of their language, the majority still only speak [[New Zealand English|English]] fluently.</ref>
| New Zealand
| [[Māori Indians]], with significant populations in the [[New Zealanders in the United Kingdom#Māori|United Kingdom]], [[Māori Australians|Australia]], and the [[Māori Americans|United States]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Mapuche]]
| [[Araucanian languages]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">Due to gradual [[Hispanicization]] following the [[Occupation of Araucania]], the majority of Mapuche can only speak [[Chilean Spanish|Spanish]].</ref>
| Chile ([[Araucania (historic region)|Araucania]]), [[Argentina]]
| [[Huilliche people|Huilliche]], [[Moluche]], [[Pehuenche]]
| Christianity, [[Mapuche religion]]
|-
| [[Maranao people|Maranao]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Maranao language|Maranao]]
| Philippines ([[Lanao (province)|Lanao]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Marathi people|Marathi]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| India ([[Maharashtra]]) 
| [[Mahar]], [[Maratha]], [[Kunbi]], [[Dhangar]], [[Bhoi]]
| [[Hinduism]], [[Jainism]]
|-
| [[Mardijker people|Mardijkers]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Malay language|Malay]] → [[Betawi language|Betawian]], [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Malay language|Malay]] → [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] 
| Indonesia ([[Jakarta]])
| 
| Christianity
|-
| [[Mari people|Maris]] 
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Mari language|Mari]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Russia ([[Mari El]])
| [[Meadow Mari language|Meadow Mari]], [[Hill Mari language|Hill Mari]], [[Northwestern Mari people|Northwestern Mari]], [[Eastern Mari people|Eastern Mari]], [[Mountain Mari]]
| Christianity → [[Russian Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Mari Native Religion]]
|-
| [[Maronites]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] → [[Lebanese Aramaic]],<ref group="note">Most Maronites today speak [[North Levantine Arabic|Arabic]] since a language shift around the 17th century with Syriac in [[Liturgical language|liturgical use]], however some Maronites in [[Jish]] are reviving [[Aramaic]].</ref> [[Cypriot Arabic]], [[Levantine Arabic]]
| [[Levant]], Cyprus
| Significant populations in [[Maronites#Syria|Syria]], [[Lebanese Maronite Christians|Lebanon]], [[Maronite Cypriots|Cyprus]] and [[Maronites in Israel|Israel]] along with the greater [[Lebanese diaspora]]
| Christianity → [[Maronite Church|Maronite Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Marquesas Islands#Demographics|Marquesas Islanders]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Marquesan language|Marquesan]]
| France ([[Marquesas Islands]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Marshallese people|Marshallese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Micronesian languages|Micronesian]] → [[Marshallese language|Marshallese]]
| [[Marshall Islands]]
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|- 
| [[Masa people|Masa]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Chadic languages|Chadic]] → [[Massa language|Masana]]
| [[Cameroon]], [[Chad]]
|
| Christianity, Islam{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
|-
| [[Masalit people|Masalit]] 
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Masalit language|Masalit]]
| [[Sudan]], [[Chad]]
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Matagi]]
| [[Japonic languages|Japonic]] → [[Japanese language|Japanese]] → [[Tohoku dialect|Tohoku]] → [[Matagi dialect|Matagi]]
| Japan ([[Ani, Akita|Ani]], [[Shirakami-Sanchi]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Matawai people|Matawai]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Saramaccan language|Saramaccan]]
| [[Suriname]]
|
| Christianity → [[Moravian Church]]
|-
| [[Mauritian Creoles]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[French language|French]] → [[Mauritian Creole]]
| [[Mauritius]] 
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Rastafari]]
|-
| [[Maya peoples|Maya]]
| [[Mayan languages|Mayan]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Mayan Sign Language|Mayan Sign]]
| [[Guatemala]], [[Belize]], [[Mexico]] ([[Yucatan]], [[Campeche]], [[Quintana Roo]], [[Tabasco]], [[Chiapas]])
| [[Yucatec Maya language|Maya]], [[Achi people|Achi]], [[Chuj people|Chuj]], [[Chʼortiʼ people|Chʼortiʼ]], [[Itza people|Itza]], [[Kʼicheʼ people|Kʼicheʼ]], [[Qʼeqchiʼ]], [[Tektitek people|Tektitek]], [[Huastec people|Huastecan]], [[Mopan people|Mopan]], [[Lacandon people|Lacandon]], [[Chontal Maya|Chontal]], [[Akatek people|Akatek]], [[Jakaltek people|Jakaltek]], [[Qʼanjobʼal people|Qʼanjobʼal]], [[Tzeltal people|Tzeltal]], [[Mochoʼ language|Mochoʼ]], [[Tojolabal people|Tojolab'al]], [[Mam people|Mam]], [[Ixil people|Ixil]], [[Tzotzil]], [[Poqomam people|Poqomam]], [[Yucatec Maya language|Yucatecan Maya]], [[Motozintlecos]], [[Awakatek people|Awakatek]], [[Kaqchikel people|Kaqchikel]], [[Sakapultek people|Sakapultek]], [[Sipakapense people|Sipakapense]], [[Uspantek people|Uspantek]], [[Chʼol people|Chʼol]], and [[Tzʼutujil people|Tzʼutujil]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]; [[Maya religion]]
|-
| [[Mayangna people|Mayangna]]
| [[Misumalpan languages|Misumalpan]] → [[Sumo languages|Sumo]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Nicaragua]] ([[Mosquito Coast]])
| Panamahka, Tawahka, Ulwa
| Christianity
|-
| [[Chestnut Ridge people|Mayles]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[American English]]
| United States (West Virginia)
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Mayo people|Mayo]]
| [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] → [[Cahitan languages|Cahitan]] → [[Mayo language|Mayo]]
| [[Mexico]] ([[Sonora]], [[Sinaloa]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Mazahua people|Mazahua]]
| [[Oto-Manguean languages|Oto-Manguean]] → [[Oto-Pamean languages|Oto-Pamean]] → [[Mazahua language|Mazahua]]
| [[Mexico]] ([[State of Mexico]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Mazanderani people|Mazandaranis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Mazanderani language|Mazanderani]]
| [[Iran]] ([[Mazandaran province|Mazandaran]])
|
| Islam → [[Shia Islam]]
|-
| [[Mazatec]]
| [[Oto-Manguean languages|Oto-Manguean]] → [[Popolocan languages|Popolocan]] → [[Mazatecan languages|Mazatecan]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Mexico]] ([[Oaxaca]])
| [[Ayautla Mazatec|Ayautla]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Mbaka people|Mbaka]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Ubangian languages|Ubangian]] → [[Mbaka language|Mbaka]]
| [[Central African Republic]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Mbugu people|Mbugu]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Mbugu language|Mbugu]], [[Pare language|Pare]]; [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] and [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] and [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] → [[Mbugu language|Maʼa]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Usambara Mountains]])
|
| Christianity, Islam, [[Traditional African religion]]
|-
| [[Megleno-Romanians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Megleno-Romanian language|Megleno-Romanian]]
| [[Greece]] ([[Almopia]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Mehri people|Mehri]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Modern South Arabian languages|Eastern South Semetic]] → [[Mehri language|Mehri]]
| [[Oman]] ([[Dhofar Governorate]]), [[Yemen]] ([[Al Mahrah Governorate]], [[Socotra]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Meitei people|Meitei]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Kuki-Chin–Naga languages|Kuki-Chin–Naga]] → [[Meitei language|Meitei]]
| India ([[Manipur]])
| [[Loi]]
| [[Hinduism]] → [[Vaishnavism]]
|-
| [[Melanau people|Melanau]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Melanau–Kajang languages|Melanau–Kajang]] → [[Melanau language|Melanau]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Malaysia ([[Sarawak]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Melungeon]]s
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Appalachian English]]
| United States ([[Appalachia]])
| [[Carmel Indians]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Baptists]]
|-
| [[Mende people|Mende]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Mande languages|Mande]] → [[Mende language|Mende]]
| [[Sierra Leone]] ([[Southern Province, Sierra Leone|Southern]] and [[Eastern Province, Sierra Leone|Eastern]] Provinces)
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Ethnic Mennonite|Mennonites]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Russian language|Russian]]; [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[German language|German]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[English language|English]]; [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| [[Europe]], [[Americas]]
| [[Russian Mennonites]], [[Old Order Mennonites]], [[Old Colony Mennonites]], [[Amish Mennonite]]s (including [[Beachy Amish]] (including [[Old Beachy Amish]]), [[Kauffman Amish Mennonite]]s, [[Fellowship of Evangelical Churches|Egli Amish]], [[Stuckey Amish]]), with significant populations in [[Mennonites in Argentina|Argentina]], [[Mennonites in Belize|Belize]], [[Mennonites in Bolivia|Bolivia]], [[Mennonites in Colombia|Colombia]], [[Mennonites in El Salvador|El Salvador]], [[Mennonites in Mexico|Mexico]], [[Mennonites in Paraguay|Paraguay]], [[Mennonites in Peru|Peru]], and [[Mennonites in Uruguay|Uruguay]]
| Christianity → [[Anabaptism]] → [[Mennonites|Mennonitism]]
|-
| [[Métis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] and [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Romance language|Romance]] and [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[French language|French]] and [[Plains Cree language|Plains Cree]] → [[Michif language|Michif]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[French language|French]] → [[Metis French]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Bungi dialect|Bungi]]
| Canada ([[Canadian Prairies]], [[British Columbia]], [[Northwest Territories]], [[Northwestern Ontario]]), United States (Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana)
| [[Anglo-Metis]], [[Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana|Little Shell Métis]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Mi'kmaq]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Mi'kmaq language|Mi'kmaq]]<ref name="First Nation" group="note" />
| Canada ([[Mi'kma'ki]]), United States (Maine)
| [[Mi'kmaq Nation]], [[Miawpukek First Nation|Miawpukek]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Miami people|Miami]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Miami–Illinois language|Miami–Illinois]] → Miami proper
| United States (Illinois)
| [[Miami Nation of Indiana|Indiana Miami]], [[Miami Tribe of Oklahoma|Oklahoma Miami]], [[Piankeshaw]]
| Christianity, [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Miccosukee]]
| [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] → [[Mikasuki language|Mikasuki]]
| United States ([[Miccosukee Indian Reservation]])
|
| Christianity, [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Yao people|Mien]]
| [[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien]] → [[Mienic languages|Mienic]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Varieties of Chinese|Chinese]] → [[Badong Yao language|Badong Yao]], [[Shaozhou Tuhua]], [[Xiangnan Tuhua]], [[Yeheni language|Yeheni]]
| China ([[Hunan]], [[Guizhou]]), [[Vietnam]]
| [[Iu Mien people|Iu Mien]], [[Kim Mun language|Kim Mun]], [[Dzao Min language|Dzao Min]], [[Biao Min language|Biao Min]], [[Bunu languages|Bunu]], [[Lakkia language|Lakkia]], [[Biao Mon language|Biao Mon]], [[San Diu people|San Diu]]
| [[Yao folk religion]]
|-
| [[Mijikenda peoples|Mijikenda]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Mijikenda language|Mijikenda]]
| [[Kenya]] ([[Coast Province]])
| [[Chonyi people|Chonyi]], [[Giriama people|Giriama]], [[Digo people|Digo]], [[Segeju people|Segeju]], [[Rabai]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Minahasan people|Minahasan]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Minahasan languages|Minahasan]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malay language|Malay Creole]] → [[Manado Malay]]
| Indonesia ([[Minahasa Peninsula]]) 
| [[Tonsawang language|Tonsawang]], [[Tontemboan language|Tontemboan]], [[Tondano language|Tondano]], [[Tombulu language|Tombulu]], [[Tonsea language|Tonsea]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]], → [[Negeri Sembilan Malay]]
| Indonesia ([[Minangkabau Highlands]]), Malaysia ([[Negeri Sembilan]])
| [[Overseas Minangkabau]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Guambiano|Misak]]
| [[Barbacoan languages|Barbacoan]] → [[Barbacoan languages|Northern Barbacoan]] → [[Barbacoan languages|Coconucan]] → [[Guambiano language|Nam Trik]]
| [[Colombia]] ([[Cauca Department|Cauca]])
|
| [[Ethnic religion|Traditional religion]], Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Mising people|Mising]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tani languages|Tani]] → [[Mising language|Mising]]
| India ([[Assam]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]])
|
| [[Donyi-Polo]], [[Ekasarana Dharma]]
|-
| [[Miskito people|Miskito]]
| [[Misumalpan languages|Misumalpan]] → [[Miskito language|Miskito]]; [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English-based creole languages|English Creole]] → [[Miskito Coast Creole]]
| [[Mosquito Coast]] ([[Nicaragua]], [[Honduras]])
| [[Miskito Sambu]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Moravian Church]]
|-
| [[Mixe people|Mixe]]
| [[Mixe–Zoque languages|Mixe–Zoque]] → [[Mixe languages|Mixe]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Mexico]] ([[Oaxaca]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Mixtec]]
| [[Oto-Manguean languages|Oto-Manguean]] → [[Mixtecan languages|Mixtecan]] → [[Mixtec language|Mixtec]]
| [[Mexico]] ([[La Mixteca]])
| [[Triqui]], [[Cuicatecs]], [[Amoltepec Mixtec|Amoltepec]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Moghol people|Moghols]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Dari]]; historically [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] → [[Moghol language|Moghol]]
| Afghanistan
| [[Qara'unas#Modern descendants|Nikudari]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]]
| [[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]] → Northern Iroquoian → [[Mohawk language|Mohawk]]
| Canada ([[Quebec]], [[Ontario]]), United States ([[New York (state)|New York]])
|
| [[Animism]], Christianity
|-
| [[Moken]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Moken language|Moken]]
| Thailand, [[Myanmar]] ([[Mergui Archipelago]], [[Surin Islands]])
| 
| [[Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Mokshas]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Mordvinic languages|Mordvinic]] → [[Moksha language|Moksha]]
| Russia ([[Mordovia]])
|
| Christianity → [[Russian Orthodoxy|Russian Orthodox]], [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]; [[:ru:Мокшень кой|Mokshas native religion]]
|-
| [[Moldovans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Romanian language|Romanian]] → [[Moldovan language|Moldovan]], [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Moldova Sign
| [[Moldova]]
| [[Moldovan diaspora|Significant populations]] in [[Moldovans in Romania|Romania]], [[Moldovans in Ukraine|Ukraine]], [[Moldovans in Russia|Russia]], [[Moldovan diaspora|Italy]] and the [[Moldovan Americans|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Romanian Orthodox Church|Romanian Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Mon people|Mon]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Mon language|Mon]] 
| [[Myanmar]] ([[Mon State]]) 
|
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]] 
|-
| [[Monacan Indian Nation|Monacans]]
| Historically [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] → [[Ohio Valley Siouan languages|Ohio Valley Siouan]] → [[Tutelo language|Tutelo]]{{refn|group=note|name=Tutelo|Tutelo went extinct in 1982, leading most [[Monacan Indian Nation|Monacans]], [[Saponi]], and [[Occaneechi]] to speak [[English language|English]]. There has been some interest in reviving Tutelo in the 21st century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiancountrytoday.com/news/rebuilding-the-tutelo-saponi-language-for-tribes-next-generation|title=Rebuilding the Tutelo-Saponi language for tribe's next generation|date=4 June 2019|access-date=14 September 2022|website=[[Indian Country Today]]|last=Antrim|first=Aislinn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803175229/https://indiancountrytoday.com/news/rebuilding-the-tutelo-saponi-language-for-tribes-next-generation|archive-date=3 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| [[United States]] ([[Virginia]], [[West Virginia]], [[Maryland]], [[Ohio]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Mongo people|Mongo]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Mongo language|Mongo]]
| [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ([[Province of Equateur|Equateur]], [[Tshuapa]], [[Mongala]], [[Nord-Ubangi]], [[Sud-Ubangi]])
| [[Lia-Ntomba language|Bolia, Ntomba]], [[Ngando people|Ngando]], [[Iyaelima people|Iyaelima]], [[Mbole people|Mbole]], [[Mpama people|Mpama]], [[Nkutu language|Nkutu]], [[Sengele language|Sengele]], [[Hendo language|Hendo]], [[Dengese people|Dengese]], [[Tetela people|Tetela]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Mongols]] 
| [[Mongolic languages]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → Austro-Hungarian Sign → [[Mongolian Sign Language|Mongolian Sign]]; historically [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Karluk languages|Karluk]] → [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] → [[Khoton language|Khoton]]
| China ([[Inner Mongolia]], [[Dorbod Mongol Autonomous County|Dorbetia]], [[Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture|Bayingolin]], [[Dzungaria]], [[Subei Mongol Autonomous County|Subei-Mongolia]], [[Dongxiang Autonomous County|Santania]], [[Harqin Zuoyi Mongol Autonomous County|Kharchinia]]), [[Mongolia]]
| [[Khalkha Mongols|Khalkha]] (including [[Khotogoid]]s, [[Eljigin]]), [[Oirats]] (including Manchurian Öelets,<ref name="Janhunen1996 2">{{cite book|author=Juha Janhunen|title=Manchuria: An Ethnic History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vfJiAAAAMAAJ&q=Oelet|year=1996|publisher=Finno-Ugrian Society|isbn=978-951-9403-84-7|pages=111–112}}</ref> [[Dörbet Oirat|Dörbets]], [[Zakhchin]]s, [[Bayads]], [[Olot people|Olots]], [[Altai Uriankhai]]s), [[Hamnigan]], [[Monguor people|Tsagaan]], [[Khatso]], [[Bonan people|Bonan]], [[Sichuan Mongols]], [[Sogwo Arig]], [[Ordos Mongols|Ordos]], [[Darkhad]], [[Kangjia|Kanja]], [[Sogwo Arig]], [[Mughal people|Mughals]], [[Dongxiangs|Santa]], [[Naimans]], [[Dariganga Mongols|Dariganga]], [[Khorchin Mongols|Khorchin]], [[Kharchin Mongols|Kharchin]], [[Upper Mongols|Koke Nuur]], [[Chahars|Chaharian]], [[Jalairs]], [[Gorlos Mongols|Gorlos]], [[Sartuul]], [[Myangad]], [[Tubalar]], [[Uzemchin Mongols|Uzemchin]], [[Urad Mongols|Uradian]], [[Tumed]], [[Baarins]], [[Khishigten|Hishigten]], [[Muumyangan]], [[Jalaids]], [[Abaganar]], [[Chantuu]], [[Olot people|Olot]], [[Sunud]], [[Shar Darkhad]]s, [[Eastern Dorbet]], [[Aohans]], [[Onnigud]], [[Khoshut]], [[Abaga Mongols|Abagas]], [[Khotons]], [[Alasha dialect|Alasha]], [[Khoid]], [[Choros people|Choros]], [[Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture|Qaidam]], [[Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County|Fujin]], with [[Mongolian diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Mongolians in India|India]], the [[Mongolians in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]], the [[Mongolian Americans|United States]], [[Mongolians in South Korea|South Korea]], [[Mongolians in Japan|Japan]], [[Mongolians in Taiwan|Taiwan]], the [[Mongolians in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], [[Mongolian Canadians|Canada]]
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[Tengrism]]
|-
| [[Mongondow people|Mongondow]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Mongondow language|Mongondow]]
| Indonesia ([[Bolaang Mongondow Regency|Mongondowia]]) 
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Montenegrins]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Shtokavian]] → [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]]
| [[Montenegro]] and surrounding regions
| [[Tribes of Montenegro|Montenegrin tribes]], with [[Montenegrin diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Montenegrins of Serbia|Serbia]], [[Montenegrins of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Montenegrins of Croatia|Croatia]], [[Montenegrins of Slovenia|Slovenia]], [[Montenegrins of Kosovo|Kosovo]], [[Serbs and Montenegrins in Albania|Albania]], [[Montenegrins of North Macedonia|North Macedonia]], [[Montenegrins in Germany|Germany]], [[Montenegrins in Luxembourg|Luxembourg]], [[Montenegrin Argentines|Argentina]], the [[Montenegrin Americans|United States]], [[Montenegrin Australians|Australia]],
| Christianity → [[Serbian Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Moravians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Czech language|Czech]] → [[Moravian dialects|Moravian]]
| [[Czech Republic]] ([[Moravia]])
| [[Moravian Wallachia|Moravian Vlachs]], [[Moravian Slovakia|Moravian Slovaks]]
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Moriori]]
| [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Moriori language|Moriori]],<ref group="note">The Moriori language went extinct in 1898 but revival efforts have been ongoing since 2001.</ref> [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival|last=Williams|first=Victoria R.|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2020|isbn=9781440861178|pages=765|language=En|url=https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|volume=4|access-date=10 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518192508/https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|archive-date=18 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
| New Zealand ([[Chatham Islands]])
|
| Christianity including [[Rātana]]
|-
| [[Morlachs]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Shtokavian]], [[Chakavian]]; historically [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Eastern Romance languages|Eastern Romance]]
| [[Vlachs in the history of Croatia#Legacy|Croatia]]
|
| Christianity → [[Serbian Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Roman Catholicism|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Mormons]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Part I – Mormons as an Ethno-Religious Group|date=29 September 2014|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/seeking-the-promised-land/mormons-as-an-ethnoreligious-group/D8F7C933C353C2A7D1AFAE00E4F10549|publisher=ebooks.cambridge.org|isbn=9781107027978|access-date=22 September 2022}}</ref>
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]
| United States ([[Mountain states|Mountain States]])
|
| Christianity → [[Mormonism]]
|-
| [[Moru people|Moru]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Central Sudanic languages|Central Sudanic]] → [[Moru language|Moru]]
| [[South Sudan]] ([[Western Equatoria]])
| Miza; Ägyi; Moroändri; Kediro, 'Bari'ba<ref>TUCKER, A.N. (1940) The Eastern Sudanic Languages.  OUP</ref>
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Anglicanism]] → [[Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan|Episcopal Church of the South Sudan]]<ref>LAWIRI, E.B. (1987) The Growth of the Church in Moru Country.  Moru Literacy Project, Mundri, Sudan.  He set the Christian foundation through his work in Lui.</ref>
|-
| [[Mossi people|Mossi]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Gur languages|Gur]] → [[Mossi language|Mossi]]
| [[Burkina Faso]] ([[Mossi Kingdoms|Mossiland]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Mosuo]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Naish languages|Naish]] → [[Na language|Na]]
| China ([[Sichuan]] and [[Yunnan]])
|
| [[Mosuo#Daba|Daba]], [[Buddhism]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Motu people|Motu]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Papuan Tip languages|Papuan Tip]] → [[Motu language|Motu]]
| [[Papua New Guinea]] ([[Central Province (Papua New Guinea)|Central Province]])
|
| Christianity, [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Mudburra]]
| [[Pama–Nyungan languages|Pama–Nyungan]] → [[Ngumpin–Yapa languages|Ngumpin–Yapa]] → [[Mudburra language|Mudburra]]
| Australia ([[Northern Territory]])
|
| [[Dreamtime|Alcheringa]]
|-
| [[Mughal people|Mughals]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]; historically [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Persian language|Persian]]
| India, Pakistan, [[Bangladesh]]
| 
| Islam
|-
| [[Muhajir (Pakistan)|Muhajir]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| Pakistan
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Muisca]]s
| [[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]] → [[Chibcha language|Chibcha]]
| Colombia ([[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]])
|
| [[Muisca religion]], Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Adamawa languages|Adamawa]] → [[Mumuye language|Mumuye]]
| Nigeria ([[Taraba State]])
|
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Muna people|Munanese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Celebic languages|Celebic]] → [[Muna–Buton languages|Munanese]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Indonesia ([[Muna Island|Muna]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Munda people|Mundas]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Munda languages|Munda]] → [[Mundari language|Mundari]]
| India ([[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]], [[West Bengal]])
| [[Sabar people|Sabar]], [[Mahali]]
| [[Sarnaism]]
|-
| [[Murut people|Murut]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Sabahan languages|Southwest Sabahan]] → [[Murutic languages|Murutic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Malaysia ([[Interior Division|Murutia]])
| [[Okolod language|Okolod]], [[Keningau Murut language|Keningau]], [[Tagal Murut language|Tagal]], [[Paluan language|Paluan]], [[Selungai Murut language|Selungai]], [[Timugon language|Timugon]], [[Serudung language|Serudung]], [[Sembakung language|Sembakung]], [[Tidong people|Tidong]], [[Kalabakan language|Kalabakan]], [[Bulungan]], [[Bookan language|Bookan]] 
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Muscogee]]
| [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] → [[Muscogee language|Muscogee]],<ref name="American Indians" group="note" /> [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] → Eastern Muskogean → [[Mikasuki language|Mikasuki]]
| United States (Alabama, Tennessee, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]])<ref name="Trail of Tears" group="note" />
| [[Thlopthlocco Tribal Town|Thlopthlocco]], [[Kialegee Tribal Town|Kialegee]], [[Muscogee Nation]], [[Poarch Band of Creek Indians|Poarch Band]], [[Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe (East of the Mississippi)|Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe]], [[Creek Freedmen]]
| [[Native American religion]] → [[Creek mythology]], [[Four Mothers Society]]
|-
| [[Musgum people|Musgum]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Chadic languages|Chadic]] → [[Musgu language|Musgu]]
| [[Cameroon]] ([[Far North Region, Cameroon|Far North Region]]), [[Chad]] ([[Chari-Baguirmi (region)|Chari-Baguirmi]], [[Mayo-Kebbi Est]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Muslims (ethnic group)|Muslimani]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Serbo-Croatian]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Serbo-Croatian language family" group="note">[[Shtokavian]], [[Chakavian]], [[Kajkavian]], [[Burgenland Croatian]], and [[Slavomolisano dialect|Slavomolisano]] are often considered separate languages depending on classification, but [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], and [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] are typically considered Shtokavian varieties rather than distinct languages due to high degrees of mutual intelligibility.</ref>
| Serbia, [[Montenegro]], [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Slovenia]], [[North Macedonia]]
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Muthuvan]]s
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Tamiloid languages|Tamiloid]] → [[Muthuvan language|Muthuvan]]
| India ([[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Mwera people|Mwera]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Mwera language|Mwera]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Mtwara Region|Mtwara]] and [[Ruvuma Region|Ruvuma]] Regions)
|
| Islam
|- id=N
| [[Naga people|Naga]]s
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] → [[Kuki-Chin–Naga languages|Kuki-Chin–Naga]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Chin–Naga" group="note" /> historically [[Angami Naga Sign Language|Angami Naga Sign]]
| India ([[Nagaland]], [[Manipur]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Assam]]), [[Myanmar]] ([[Naga Self-Administered Zone]])
| [[Angami Naga|Angami]], [[Ao Naga|Ao]], [[Chakhesang Naga|Chakhesang]] (including [[Chokri language|Chokri]] and [[Kheza language|Khezha]]), [[Chang Naga|Chang]], [[Khiamniungan people|Khiamniungan]], [[Konyak Naga|Konyak]], [[Lotha Naga|Lotha]], [[Mao Naga people|Mao]], [[Maram Naga people|Maram]], [[Maring Naga people|Maring]], [[Nocte people|Nocte]], [[Phom Naga|Phom]], [[Pochury Naga|Pochury]], [[Poumai Naga people|Poumai]], [[Rengma Naga|Rengma]], [[Sangtam Naga|Sangtam]], [[Sumi Naga|Sumi]], [[Tangkhul Naga people|Tangkhul]], [[Tangsa Naga|Tangsa]], [[Tikhir Naga|Tikhir]], [[Wancho Naga|Wancho]], [[Yimkhiung Naga|Yimkhiung]], [[Zeliangrong]] ([[Zeme people|Zemi]], [[Liangmai Naga people|Liangmei]], [[Rongmei Naga people|Rongmei/Kabui]]), [[Lamkang Naga people|Lamkang Naga]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Baptists|Baptism]]
|-
| [[Nagpuri people|Nagpuri]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Bihari languages|Bihari]] → [[Sadri language|Sadri]]
| India ([[Chota Nagpur Plateau]])
| [[Chik Baraik]]
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Nahuas]] 
| [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] → [[Nahuan languages|Nahuan]] → [[Nahuatl]]
| [[Mexico]] 
| [[Huasteca Nahuatl|Huasteca Nahuas]], [[Mexicaneros]], [[Sierra Puebla Nahuatl|Sierra Puebla Nahuas]], [[Guerrero Nahuatl|Guerrero Nahuas]], [[Orizaba Nahuatl|Orizaba Nahuas]], [[Tehuacan–Zongolica Nahuatl|Southeastern Puebla Nahuas]], [[Tlaxcala–Puebla Nahuatl|Central Nahuas]], [[Pipil people|Pipil]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Aztec religion]]
|-
| [[Nakoda people|Nakoda]]
| [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] → [[Western Siouan languages|Western Siouan]] → [[Stoney language|Stoney]]
| Canada ([[Alberta]], [[Saskatchewan]])
| Wood Stoney, Mountain Stoney
| Christianity
|-
| [[Nama people|Nama]]
| [[Khoe languages|Khoe]] → [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoe]]
| [[Namibia]] ([[Namaland]]), South Africa
| [[Oorlam people|Oorlams]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Nanai people|Nanai]]
| [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] → [[Nanai language|Nanai]], [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] → [[Kili language|Kili]]
| Russia, China
|
| [[Shamanism]], [[Buddhism]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Naso people|Naso]]
| [[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]] → [[Talamanca languages|Talamanca]] → [[Teribe language|Teribe]]
| [[Panama]] ([[Bocas del Toro province|Bocas del Toro]])
| 
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Natchez people|Natchez]]
| [[Natchez language]]<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
| United States (Oklahoma, South Carolina)
| [[Natchez Indian Tribe of South Carolina|Eastern Band]]
| Christianity, [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Nauruans]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Micronesian languages|Micronesian]] → [[Nauruan language|Nauruan]]
| [[Nauru]]
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Navajo]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Southern Athabaskan languages|Apachean]] → [[Navajo language|Navajo]]; [[Navajo Family Sign]]<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
| United States ([[Dinétah]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Native American Church]]
|-
| [[Ndendeule people|Ndendeule]]
| [[Niger-Congo languages]] → [[Bantu languages]] → [[Ndendeule language|Ndendeule]]
| [[Tanzania]]
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Negidals]]
| [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] → Northern Tungusic → [[Negidal language|Negidal]]
| Russia ([[Khabarovsk Krai]]), Ukraine
|
| [[Shamanism in Siberia|Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Nenets people|Nenets]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Samoyedic languages|Samoyedic]] → [[Nenets language|Nenets]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]], [[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]
| [[Forest Nenets language|Forest Nenets]], [[Tundra Nenets language|Tundra Nenets]]
| [[Shamanism]], [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Newar people|Newars]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Newari language|Newar]]
| [[Nepal]] ([[Kathmandu Valley]])
| Rajupadhaya, Rajbhandari, Pradhan, Malla, [[Shrestha]], Shakya, [[Chitrakar]]
| [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]] → [[Vajrayana]] → [[Newar Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Nez Perce]]
| [[Plateau Penutian languages|Plateau Penutian]] → [[Sahaptian languages|Sahaptian]] → [[Nez Perce language|Nez Perce]],<ref name="American Indians" group="note" /> [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]
| United States (Idaho, [[Washington (state)|Washington]])
| 
| [[Waashat Religion]], Christianity
|-
| [[Ngabe]]
| [[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]] → [[Guaymi language|Guaymi]]
| [[Panama]] ([[Ngabe-Bugle Comarca]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Ngaju people|Ngaju]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Barito languages|Barito]] → [[Ngaju language|Ngaju]]
| Indonesia ([[Central Kalimantan]])
| [[Bakumpai people|Bakumpai]], [[Meratus Dayak|Meratus]]
| [[Kaharingan]]
|-
| [[Ngalop people|Ngalop]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tibetic languages|Tibetic]] → [[Dzongkha]]
| [[Bhutan]]
| [[Kheng people|Kheng]], [[Bumthang language|Bumthang]]
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[Bon]]
|-
| [[Nganasan people|Nganasans]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Samoyedic languages|Samoyedic]] → [[Nganasan language|Nganasan]]; historically [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Russian language|Russian]] → [[Taimyr Pidgin Russian]]
| Russia ([[Taymyr Autonomous Okrug]])
|
| [[Animism]], [[Shamanism]], Christianity → [[Russian Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Ngarinyin]]
| [[Worrorran languages|Worrorran]] → [[Ngarinyin language|Ngarinyin]]
| Australia ([[Western Australia]])
|
| [[Dreamtime]]
|-
| [[Ngbandi people|Ngbandi]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Ubangian languages|Ubangian]] → [[Ngbandi language|Ngbandi]]
| [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Central African Republic]]
| [[Yakoma people|Yakoma]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Ngoni people|Ngoni]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Ngoni language|Ngoni]]
| [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], Tanzania, [[Zimbabwe]], and [[Zambia]]
|
| Christianity, [[African Traditional Religion]], [[Sangoma]], Islam
|-
| [[Ni-Vanuatu]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[English-based creole languages|English Creole]] → [[Bislama]]; [[Languages of Vanuatu|over 100 Oceanic languages]]
| [[Vanuatu]]
| 
| Christianity, [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Nias people|Nias]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages|Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands]] → [[Nias language|Nias]]
| Indonesia ([[Nias]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Nicobarese people|Nicobarese]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Nicobarese languages|Nicobarese]]
| India ([[Nicobar Islands]])
|
| Christianity, [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Nipmuc]]s
| Historically [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Loup language|Loup A]], [[Massachusett language|Massachusett]]
| United States ([[Chaubunagungamaug Reservation]], [[Hassanamisco Nipmuc|Hassanamisco Reservation]])
| [[Chaubunagungamaug Reservation|Chaubunagungamaug Nipmuck]], [[Hassanamisco Nipmuc]], [[Nipmuc Nation]]
| [[Manitou|Manito]], Christianity
|-
| [[Nisga'a]]
| [[Tsimshianic languages|Tsimshianic]] → [[Nisga'a language|Nass]]–[[Gitxsan language|Gitksan]] → [[Nisga'a language|Nisga'a]]
| Canada ([[British Columbia]])
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Niue#Demographics|Niueans]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polyesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Niuean language|Niuean]]
| New Zealand ([[Niue]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Calvinism]]
|-
| [[Nivkh people|Nivkhs]]
| [[Nivkh languages]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Russia ([[Khabarovsk Krai]], [[Sakhalin Oblast]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Nkole people|Nkole]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Nkore-Kiga language|Nkore-Kiga]] → [[Nkore language|Nkore]]
| [[Uganda]] ([[Ankole]])
|
| Christianity, [[Ruhanga]]
|-
| [[Nogais]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Nogai language|Nogai]] 
| Russia ([[North Caucasus]])
| [[Ak Nogai]], [[Karagash]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Noongar]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Nyungic languages|Nyungic]] → [[Noongar language|Noongar]]
| Australia ([[Western Australia]])
| [[Amangu]], [[Ballardong]], [[Yued]], [[Kaneang]], [[Koreng]], [[Mineng]], [[Njakinjaki]], [[Njunga]], [[Pibelmen]], [[Pindjarup]], [[Wadandi]], [[Whadjuk]], [[Wiilman]], [[Wudjari]]
| [[Dreamtime|Alcheringa]]
|-
| [[Norfolk Islanders]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English-based creole languages|English Creole]] → [[Pitkern language|Pitcairn–Norfolk]] → [[Norfuk language|Norfuk]]
| Australia ([[Norfolk Island]])
|
| [[Irreligion]], Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Anglicanism]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/90104|title=2021 Norfolk Island, Census All Persons QuickStats|date=10 August 2021|access-date=30 October 2022|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030081743/https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/90104|archive-date=30 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Norwegians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Dano-Norwegian]] → [[Urban East Norwegian]], [[Bokmål]], [[Riksmål]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Danish Sign Language family|DTSic]] → [[Norwegian Sign Language|Norwegian Sign]]
| Norway
| [[Kola Norwegians]], [[Svalbard]]ers, along with [[Norwegian diaspora|Significant populations]] in the [[Norwegian Americans|United States]], and [[Norwegian Canadians]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]
|-
| [[Nubians]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Nubian languages|Nubian]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Nubia]] ([[Egypt]], Sudan)
| [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]], [[Kenzi language|Mattokki]], [[Dongolawi language|Dongolawi]], [[Midob people|Midob]], [[Birgid language|Birgid]], [[Hill Nubian languages|Hill Nubians]] (including [[Dilling people|Dilling]], [[Debri people|Debri]], [[Ghulfan people|Ghulfan]], [[Kadaru people|Kadaru]], [[Karko people|Karko]], and [[Wali language (Sudan)|Wali]])
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Nubians (Uganda)|Nubis]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Arabic-based creole languages|Arabic creoles]] → [[Nubi language|Nubi]]
| [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]]
| Ugandan Nubis, Kenyan Nubis
| Islam
|-
| [[Nuer people|Nuer]] 
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Nuer language|Nuer]]
| [[South Sudan]] ([[Nuerland]])
|
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[NunatuKavummiut]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Newfoundland English]]
| Canada ([[NunatuKavut]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Evangelicalism]]; [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Nùng people|Nùng]] 
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]] → [[Tai languages|Tai]] → [[Nùng language (Tai)|Nùng]]
| [[Vietnam]], China ([[Guangxi]])
|
| [[Moism]]
|-
| [[Nuristanis]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] → [[Nuristani languages|Nuristani]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Afghanistan ([[Nuristan Province|Nuristan]])
| [[Safed-Posh Kaffirs]] (including [[Askunu language|Askunis]]), [[Kamkata-viri language|Kamkata-viris]] (including [[Kata people|Kata]] and [[Kom people (Afghanistan)|Kom]])
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Nuu-chah-nulth]]
| [[Wakashan languages|Wakashan]] → Southern Wakashan → [[Nuu-chah-nulth language|Nuu-chah-nulth]]
| Canada ([[British Columbia]])
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Nuxalk]]
| [[Salishan languages|Salishan]] → [[Nuxalk language|Nuxalk]]
| Canada ([[British Columbia]])
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Nyambo language|Nyambo]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Nyambo language|Nyambo]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Karagwe District]], [[Kagera Region]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Evangelicalism]]
|-
| [[Nyishi people|Nyishi]] 
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tani languages|Tani]] → [[Nishi language|Nishi]]
| India ([[Arunachal Pradesh]])
|
| Christianity
|- id=O
| [[O'odham]]
| [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] → [[Piman languages|Piman]] → [[O'odham language|O'odham]]
| Mexico ([[Sonora]]), United States (Arizona)
| [[Akimel O'odham]], [[Tohono O'odham]], [[Hia C-eḍ O'odham]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Ōbeikei Islanders]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[English-based creole languages|English Creole]] → [[Bonin English]]
| Japan ([[Bonin Islands]])
|
| Christianity, [[Buddhism]], [[Shinto]]
|-
| [[Occitans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Occitan language|Occitan]],<ref name="France" group="note" /> [[Vivaro-Alpine dialect|Gardiol]]
| [[Occitania]] (France, Italy, Spain, Monaco{{refn|group=note|name=Monegasque|Occitania, as defined by the modern Occitan linguistic territory, covers most of the current [[Southern France]], the [[Occitan Valleys|Alpine valleys]] of the Western [[Piedmont]], in [[Italy]], [[Val d'Aran]] in [[Spain]] and [[Monaco]]<ref>''There is also a variant of Occitan Monegasque aboriginal (district of the Port à la Condamine and Saint Roman) -called patois- which is called Moneguier. ''(René ANFOSSO, speaker of Moneguier p. 51 in REVEST Laurenç ''Nissa e Occitània per Garibaldi. Garibaldian anthology of Oc'', publisher Serre, Nice, 212 p.).</ref><ref>"15% of the population of Monaco speaks [[Niçard dialect|Niçard]] variety of Provençal, which strongly French influences from the Monegasque territory. In fact, people speaking Niçard are mainly people over 50, but Provencal increases its status as a literary language (translated from: "A further 15% of the population of Monaco speaks the Niçard variety of Provençal, which greatly influences the French of the Monegasque region. In fact, the Niçard speaking community is {{sic|comprised|hide=y|of}}<nowiki> over 50 years of age, Provençal is increasingly gaining status as a literary language}} "Monaco: "Language Situation", in Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Second Edition)}}, 2006, p.&nbsp;230 </nowiki>[http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/709649/description] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512014621/http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/709649/description|date=2012-05-12}}.</ref> an area of approximately 190,000 km2.}})
| [[Aranese dialect|Aranese]], [[Auvergne|Auvergnats]], [[Provence|Provencals]], [[Languedoc]]iens, [[Gascony|Gascons]], [[County of Nice|Nicois]], [[Guardia Piemontese|Guardiota]], [[Demographics of Monaco|Monegasque]]s
| Christianity
|-
| [[Odawa]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Ottawa dialect|Ottawa]]<ref group="note" name="Assimilation of First Nations" />
| Canada ([[Ontario]]), United States (Oklahoma, Michigan)
|
| [[Midewiwin]], [[Animism]], [[Native American religion|Traditional religion]], Christianity<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstnationsseeker.ca/Ottawa.html |title=Odawa Ottawa First Nation Portal Websites |access-date=March 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705183758/http://firstnationsseeker.ca/Ottawa.html |archive-date=July 5, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Odia people|Odia]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Odia language|Odia]] 
| India ([[Odisha]])
| [[Utkala Brahmin]]s, [[Khandayat]], [[Bonaz]], Badu; Bairagi (Oriya); Barika; Chaikwa; Chatarkheya; Dhobi, Oriya; Ganrar; Ghantarghada; Girigiria; Gond (Oriya); Haddi; Jhodia; Kobari; Koraga; Kuliya; Lohar, Oriya; Mali, Oriya; Malia; Panka (Oriya); Paroja; Patra; Radhi; Sannyasi; Teli, Oriya; Thanapati; Thoria
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Okiek people|Ogiek]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Ogiek language|Ogiek]]
| [[Kenya]] ([[Mau Forest]], [[Mount Elgon]])
|
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religions|Traditional Ogiek religion]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival|last=Williams|first=Victoria R.|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2020|isbn=9781440861178|pages=833|language=En|url=https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|volume=4|access-date=9 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518192508/https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a5638c/|archive-date=18 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ogoni people|Ogoni]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Cross River languages|Cross River]] → [[Ogoni languages|Ogoni]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Nigeria ([[Rivers State|Ogoniland]])
| [[Baan language|Baan]], [[Eleme people|Eleme]], [[Gokana language|Gokana]], [[Tee language|Tẹẹ]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Ogu people|Ogu]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Kwa languages|Kwa]] → [[Gbe languages|Gbe]] → [[Gun language|Gun]]
| Nigeria ([[Lagos]], [[Ogun State]]), [[Benin]]
|
| Christianity, Islam, [[West African Vodun]]<ref>{{cite news |author=Segun Olatunji |date=27 December 2013 |title=Egun people blame underdevelopment on minority status |url=http://www.punchng.com/news/egun-people-blame-underdevelopment-on-minority-status/ |work=[[The Punch]] |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref>
|-
| [[Oji-Cree]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Oji-Cree language|Oji-Cree]]
| Canada ([[Ontario]], [[Manitoba]])
|
| [[Anishinaabe traditional beliefs]], Christianity<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shebahkeget |first=Ozten |date=February 15, 2024 |title='We are not Oji-Cree': 22 First Nations across Manitoba, Ontario clear the air on distinct identity |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/anisininew-gathering-of-nations-winnipeg-1.7116855 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428050245/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/anisininew-gathering-of-nations-winnipeg-1.7116855 |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |access-date=December 10, 2024 |work=[[CBC News]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ojibwe]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note" name="Assimilation of First Nations">Due to a long history of [[forced assimilation]] by both [[Cultural assimilation of Native Americans|American]] and [[Canadian Indian residential school system|Canadian]] governments, the vast majority can only speak English.</ref>
| [[Anishinaabe tribal political organizations|Anishinaabeland]] (Canada, United States)
| [[Mississaugas]], [[Saulteaux]], [[Findians]]
| [[Midewiwin]]
|-
| [[Okie]]s
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Oklahoma#Language|Oklahoman English]]
| United States (Oklahoma, California)
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Southern Baptist Convention|Southern Baptist]]
|-
| [[Oku people (Sierra Leone)|Oku]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[English-based creole languages|English Creole]] → [[Krio language|Krio]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]
| [[Sierra Leone]], [[The Gambia]]
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Omaha people|Omaha]]
| [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] → [[Western Siouan languages|Western Siouan]] → [[Dhegihan languages|Dhegihan]] → [[Omaha-Ponca language|Omaha-Ponca]]
| United States ([[Nebraska]], [[Iowa]])
|
| Christianity, [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Oneida people|Oneida]]
| [[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]] → Northern Iroquoian → [[Oneida language|Oneida]]<ref group="note" name="Assimilation of First Nations" />
| Canada ([[Ontario]]), United States ([[New York (state)|New York]], Wisconsin)
|
| [[Longhouse Religion]]
|-
| [[Onge]]
| [[Ongan languages|Ongan]] → [[Onge language|Onge]]
| India ([[Little Andaman Island]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Onondaga people|Onondaga]]
| [[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]] → Northern Iroquoian → [[Onondaga language|Onondaga]]
| Canada ([[Ontario]]), United States ([[New York (state)|New York]])
|
| [[Longhouse Religion]], Kanoh'hon'io, Kahni'kwi'io, Christianity<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=2014-02-18|title=Ceremonies|url=https://www.onondaganation.org/culture/ceremonies/|access-date=2020-12-08|website=Onondaga Nation|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| [[Orcadians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Scots language|Scots]] → [[Orcadian dialect|Orcadian]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Scottish English]]; [[BANZSL]] → [[British Sign Language|British Sign]]; historically [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Norn language|Norn]]
| United Kingdom ([[Orkney]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Presbyterianism]]<ref name="Brown1996">{{Cite book|title=Strangers in Blood: Fur Trade Company Families in Indian Country|chapter=Company Men with a Difference|page=31|author=Jennifer S. H. Brown|authorlink=Jennifer S. H. Brown|date=1996|isbn=978-0806128139|publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]]|quote=It is clear, however, that while the Lowland Scots were not viewed as particularly distinct from the [[English people|English]] ethnically or socially, the Orkneymen acquired considerable visibility as a separate group}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ormur]]s
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Ormuri]]
| Afghanistan ([[Logar Province]]), Pakistan ([[South Waziristan]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Oroch people|Orochs]]
| [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] → [[Udegheic languages|Udegheic]] → [[Oroch language|Oroch]]
| Russia ([[Khabarovsk Krai]], [[Magadan Oblast]], [[Sakhalin Oblast]], [[Primorsky Krai]])
|
| [[Shamanism]], Christianity → [[Russian Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodoxy]]<ref name="illhkomisc">{{cite journal|url=http://illhkomisc.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ist-demo01-2010.pdf |title=Историческая Демография |language=ru |trans-title=Historical Demography |journal=Научный журнал |volume=1 |issue=5 |date=2010}}</ref>
|-
| [[Oroks]]<ref group="note">Sometimes known as Ulita.</ref>
| [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] → [[Nanaic languages|Nanaic]] → [[Orok language|Orok]]
| Russia ([[Sakhalin Oblast]]), Japan
| [[Karafuto Prefecture|Karafuto Oroks]]<ref group="note">Resettled in Hokkaido after 1945.</ref>
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Oromo people|Oromo]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] → [[Oromo language|Oromo]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Ethiopia ([[Oromia Region|Oromia]]), [[Kenya]]
| [[Boorana]], [[Barento]], [[Salale]], [[Machaa]], [[Arsi people|Arsi]], [[Wollo Oromo people|Wollo]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Oroqen people|Oroqens]]
| [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] → Northern Tungusic → [[Oroqen language|Oroqen]]
| China ([[Heilongjiang]], [[Inner Mongolia]])
|
| [[Shamanism]], [[Buddhism]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]]<ref name=":0">{{cite web|date=2010|title=|script-title=zh:中国2010年人口普查资料|trans-title=2010 Chinese Census Data|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/pcsj/rkpc/6rp/indexch.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611025911/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/pcsj/rkpc/6rp/indexch.htm|archive-date=2021-06-11|access-date=2021-07-09|website=www.stats.gov.cn|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]|language=zh}}</ref>
|-
| [[Osage Nation|Osage]]
| [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] → [[Western Siouan languages|Western Siouan]] → [[Dhegihan languages|Dhegihan]] → [[Osage language|Osage]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[French language|French]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osagetribe.com/language/about_us.aspx |title=Osage Nation Language Department |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120021201/http://www.osagetribe.com/language/about_us.aspx |archive-date=2011-11-20}}</ref>
| United States ([[Missouri]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Arkansas]], [[Kansas]])
|
| Christianity, Inlonshka, [[Osage Nation#Traditional spirituality|Traditional Spirituality]]<ref>{{OED|Osage}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ossetians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Ossetia]] (Russia, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]])
| [[Iron people|Iron]], [[Digor people|Digor]], [[Kudar]], [[Trialeti Ossetians]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Ot Danum people|Ot Danum]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Barito languages|Greater Barito]] → [[Ot Danum language|Ot Danum]]
| Indonesia ([[West Kalimantan|West]] and [[Central Kalimantan|Central]] Kalimantan)
| [[Lawangan people|Lawangan]], [[Ma'anyan people|Ma'anyan]]
| [[Kaharingan]]
|-
| [[Otomi]]
| [[Oto-Manguean languages|Oto-Manguean]] → [[Otomian languages|Otomian]] → [[Otomi language|Otomi]]
| [[Mexico]] ([[Hidalgo (state)|Hidalgo]], [[Puebla]], [[Veracruz]], [[State of Mexico]], [[Queretaro]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Ovambo people|Ovambo]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Ovambo language|Ovambo]]
| [[Namibia]] ([[Ovamboland]]), [[Angola]]
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]
|-
| [[Ovimbundu]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Umbundu]]
| [[Angola]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| {{lang|mi|[[Pākehā]]}}
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] →[[English language|English]] → [[New Zealand English]]
| New Zealand
|
| [[Irreligion]], Christianity
|- id=P
| [[Palauan people|Palau]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]] → [[Palauan language|Palauan]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Palauan English]]
| [[Palau]]
|
| Christianity, [[Modekngei]]
|-
| [[Aboriginal Tasmanians|Palawa]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]; [[Palawa kani]]; historically [[Tasmanian languages]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Tasmanian languages" group="note">Though many Tasmanian languages are not genetically related to each other, they are all known to be ethnolects developed by the Palawa.</ref>
| Australia ([[Tasmania]])
| 
| [[Dreamtime|Alcheringa]]
|-
| [[Palembang people|Palembangese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Palembang language|Palembang]]
| Indonesia ([[South Sumatra]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sumsel.kemenkumham.go.id/berita-kanwil/berita-utama/3968-sosialisasi-sp2020-partisipasi-aktif-lembaga-pemerintah-dan-swasta-dalam-menyukseskan-sensus-penduduk-2020|author=Kanwil Sumsel|date=2019|title=Sosialisasi SP2020 "Partisipasi Aktif Lembaga Pemerintah dan Swasta Dalam Menyukseskan Sensus Penduduk 2020"|language=Indonesian|website=sumsel.kemenkumham.go.id|publisher=Kantor Wilayah Sumatera Selatan - Kementerian Hukum dan Ham Republik Indonesia|access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[Palula people|Palula]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Dardic languages|Dardic]] → [[Palula language|Palula]]
| Pakistan ([[Chitral District]])
| Ashreti, Biori
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Liljegren |first1=Henrik |last2=Haider |first2=Naseem |title=Palula |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |year=2009 |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=381–386 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/S0025100309990193 |jstor=44526552 |s2cid=232347051 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|-
| [[Pamiris]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Pamir languages|Pamir]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Pamir Mountains]] ([[Tajikistan]], Afghanistan, China) 
| [[Shughni language|Shughni]], [[Sarikoli language|Sarikoli]] (including [[Tajiks in China|Tajiks of Xinjiang]]), [[Yazghulami language|Yazghulami]], [[Munji language|Munji]], [[Yidgha language|Yidgha]], [[Sanglechi language|Sanglechi]], [[Ishkashimi language|Ishkashimi]]
| Islam → [[Shia Islam]] → [[Isma'ilism]]
|-
| [[Pangasinan people|Pangasinese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]]
| Philippines ([[Pangasinan]]) 
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Papel people|Papel]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Atlantic languages|Atlantic]] → [[Senegambian languages|Senegambian]] → [[Papel language|Papel]]
| [[Guinea-Bissau]] ([[Biombo Region]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Parachi language|Parachis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Parachi language|Parachi]]
| Afghanistan ([[Nijrab District]], [[Kabul]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Paramaccan people|Paramaccan]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Ndyuka language|Ndyuka]]
| [[Suriname]] ([[Pamacca]])
|
| [[Winti]]
|-
| [[Pardo Brazilians|Pardo]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
| Brazil
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Pare people|Pare]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Pare language|Pare]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Pare Mountains]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Parsis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Gujarati languages|Gujaratic]] → [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| [[Indian subcontinent]] (India, Pakistan)
|
| [[Zoroastrianism]]
|-
| [[Pashayi people|Pashayi]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Dardic languages|Dardic]] → [[Pashayi languages|Pashayi]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Afghanistan ([[Laghman Province|Laghman]], [[Kapisa Province|Kapisa]] and [[Nangarhar Province|Nangarhar]] Provinces)
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]], [[Shia Islam]] → [[Isma'ilism]] → [[Nizari Isma'ilism]]
|-
| [[Pashtuns]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Pashto]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Pashtunistan]] (Afghanistan, Pakistan), Iran ([[Khorasan province|Khorasan]], [[Mazandaran province|Mazandaran]]), India
| [[Kakar]], [[Ghilji]] (including [[Lodi (Pashtun tribe)|Lodi]] (including [[Niazi]], [[Hotak]] (including [[Babai (Pashtun tribe)|Babai]]), and [[Lohani]] (including [[Marwat]]))), [[Popalzai]] (including [[Sudhan]]), [[Pathans of Punjab|Punjabi Pathans]] (including [[Pathans of Punjab#Malerkotla Pathans|Malerkotla Pathans]] and [[Pathans of Punjab#Multani Pathans|Multani Pathans]]), [[Tareen]], [[Bettani]] (including [[Shirani (Pashtun tribe)|Shirani]]), [[Afridi]], [[Sarbani]], [[Bangash]], [[Karlani]], [[Rohilla]], and other [[Pashtun tribes]], with [[Pashtun diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[Pashtun Americans|United States]], [[Pathans in India|India]], [[Pashtuns of Kashmir|Kashmir]], [[Pathans in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]] → [[Hanafi]]; [[Sikhism]]
|-
| [[Pataxó]]
| [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Jê]] → [[Maxakalian languages|Maxakalian]] → [[Pataxó language|Pataxó]]
| Brazil ([[Bahia]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Pawnee people|Pawnee]]
| [[Caddoan languages|Caddoan]] → [[Pawnee language|Pawnee]]-[[Kitsai language|Kitsai]] → [[Pawnee language|Pawnee]]-[[Arikara language|Arikara]] → [[Pawnee language|Pawnee]]
| United States (Oklahoma, formerly Kansas and Nebraska)
|
| Christianity, [[Native American Church]]
|-
| [[Pedi people|Pedi]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Northern Sotho]] → Sepedi
| South Africa ([[Limpopo]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Pende people|Pende]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Pende language|Pende]]
| [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Pennsylvania Dutch]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Pennsylvania Dutch language|Pennsylvania Dutch]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Pennsylvania Dutch English]]
| United States (Pennsylvania)
| [[Schwenkfelder Church|Schwenkfelders]], [[River Brethren]] (including [[Yorker Brethren]])
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Persians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Achomi language|Achomi]]
| [[Iran]] ([[Fars province|Fars]])
| [[Arab-Persians]], [[Achomi people|Achomi]], [[Sistani (people)|Sistanis]] (including [[Sistani of Khorasan|Khorasani Sistanis]] and [[Sistani of Golestan|Golestani Sistanis]]), [[Dezfuli dialect|Dezfulis]], [[Shushtari dialect|Shushtaris]], along with [[Iranian diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[Iranian Americans|United States]], the [[Iranians in the United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]], [[Iranian Canadians|Canada]], [[Iranians in Germany|Germany]], the [[Iranians in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], [[Ajam of Bahrain|Bahrain]], [[Iranian Australians|Australia]], and [[Swedish Iranians|Sweden]]
| Islam → [[Shia Islam]] → [[Twelver Shi'ism]], Islam → [[Sufism]] → [[Ni'matullāhī]], [[Safaviyya]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]]
|-
| [[Piapoco language|Piapoco]]
| [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]] → [[Upper Amazon Arawakan languages|Upper Amazon Arawakan]] → [[Piapoco language|Piapoco]]
| [[Colombia]] ([[Meta Department|Meta]]), [[Venezuela]]
|
| [[Ethnic religion|Traditional religion]], Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Pied-Noir]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[French language|French]]
| [[Algeria]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Pitcairn Islanders]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English-based creole languages|English Creole]] → [[Pitkern language|Pitcairn-Norfolk]] → [[Pitkern language|Pitkern]]
| [[British Overseas Territories]] ([[Pitcairn Islands]])
| Significant population in [[Norfolk Island]], along with a diaspora in Australia, and New Zealand<ref>{{Cite web|title=2013 Census ethnic group profiles: Pitcairn Islander|url=http://archive.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/ethnic-profiles.aspx?request_value=24720&parent_id=24706&tabname=#gsc.tab=0|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803045649/http://archive.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/ethnic-profiles.aspx?request_value=24720&parent_id=24706&tabname=#gsc.tab=0|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Seventh-day Adventism]]
|-
| [[Pitjantjara]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Wait languages|Wati]] → [[Pitjantjara language|Pitjantjara]]
| Australia ([[Central Australia]])
|
| [[Dreamtime|Alcheringa]] 
|-
| [[Podlashuks]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] or [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] → [[Podlachian microlanguage|Podlachian]]
| Poland ([[Podlachia]])
| 
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Pohnpeians]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Micronesian languages|Micronesian]] → [[Pohnpeian language|Pohnpeian]]
| [[Federated States of Micronesia]] ([[Pohnpei]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Polish people|Poles]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] → [[Simple speech]]; [[Polish Sign Language]]
| Poland, Czech Republic ([[Trans-Olza]]), [[Kresy]] and surrounding regions
| [[Masovians]] (including [[Bambers]], [[Kurpie]]s, [[Łowiczans]], [[Masurians]], [[Międzyrzec Boyars]], [[Poborzans]], [[Podlachians]]), [[Greater Poland people|Greater Polish]] (including [[Kaliszans]], [[Kuyavians]] (including [[Kuyavian Borowiaks]]), and [[Taśtaks]]), [[Lesser Poland people|Lesser Polish]] (including [[Kraków|Cracovians]], [[Lasovians]], [[Lublinians]], [[Sącz Lachs]], and [[Sandomierzans]]), [[Kociewians]], [[Łęczycans]], [[Polish Uplanders]], [[Sieradzans]], [[Borderlands Poles]] (including [[Bug River Poles]]), [[Tuchola Forest#Ethnocultural region|Tuchola Borowians]], [[Kocievians]], {{ill|Dolinians|pl|Dolinianie}}, and [[Warmians (ethnic group)|Warmians]], as well as [[Polish diaspora|Significant populations]] in the [[Polish Americans|United States]], [[Polish Brazilians|Brazil]], [[Poles in Germany|Germany]], [[Polish Canadians|Canada]], [[Poles in Iceland|Iceland]], [[Poles in Sweden|Sweden]], [[Poles in France|France]], [[Poles in Armenia|Armenia]], the [[Polish minority in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]], the [[Poles in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], [[Polish Argentine|Argentina]], [[Poles in Belarus|Belarus]], [[Polish minority in Russia|Russia]], [[Poles in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], [[Polish Australians|Australia]], [[Poles in Lithuania|Lithuania]], [[Poles in Ukraine|Ukraine]], [[Polish minority in the Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], and [[Poles in Norway|Norway]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Poleshuks]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] or [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] → [[West Polesian]]
| [[Polesia]] ([[Belarus]], Poland, Russia, [[Ukraine]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Ponca]]
| [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] → [[Western Siouan languages|Western Siouan]] → [[Dhegihan languages|Dhegihan]] → [[Omaha-Ponca language|Omaha-Ponca]]
| United States ([[Nebraska]], [[Oklahoma]])
| 
| Christianity, [[Native American Church]]
|-
| [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]]  → [[European Portuguese]]
| [[Portugal]]
| [[Alentejo|Alentejans]], [[Algarve]]ans, [[Azores|Azorean]]s, [[Barranquenho]]s,<ref name="Barranquenho">{{Cite book|title=New Perspectives on Mixed Languages: From Core to Fringe|last1=Clements|first1=Joseph|publisher=[[De Gruyter]]|year=2021|isbn=9781501517266|location=Boston/Berlin|pages=249|language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9IuEAAAQBAJ|last2=Amaral|first2=Patrícia|last3=Garrett|first3=Jordan|editor-last=Sippola|editor-first=Eeva|series=Language Contact and Bilingualism|volume=18|chapter=Social identity and the formation and development of Barranquenho|doi=10.1515/9781501511257-008|s2cid=236374063|editor-last2=Matras|editor-first2=Yaron|editor-last3=Mazzoli|editor-first3=Maria}}</ref> [[Beira (Portugal)|Beiroes]], [[Madeira]]ns, [[Minde, Portugal|Mindericos]], [[Minho Province|Minhotos]], [[Olivenza]]ns, [[Ribatejo Province|Ribatejanos]], [[Tras-os-Montes|Transmontanos]]
| [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]
|-
| [[Potawatomi]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Potawatomi language|Potawatomi]]
| Canada ([[Ontario]], United States (Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Oklahoma, Wisconsin)
|
| [[Midewiwin]], Christianity → [[Catholicism]]; [[Protestantism]] → [[Methodism]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Three Fires Council – CPN Cultural Heritage Center|url=https://www.potawatomiheritage.com/encyclopedia/three-fires-council/|access-date=2023-10-23|language=en|archive-date=2023-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929065610/https://www.potawatomiheritage.com/encyclopedia/three-fires-council/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Potiguara]]
| [[Tupian languages|Tupian]] → [[Potiguara language|Potiguara]]' [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
| Brazil ([[Paraíba]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Powhatan]]s
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]; historically [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Powhatan language|Virginia Algonquian]]
| United States ([[Tsenacommacah]])
|
| Christianity, [[Native American religion]]<ref name="indians.vipnet.org">[http://indians.vipnet.org/resources/writersGuide.pdf "Writers' Guide"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224023658/http://indians.vipnet.org/resources/writersGuide.pdf |date=2012-02-24 }}, Virginia Council on Indians, Commonwealth of Virginia, 2009</ref>
|-
| [[Punjabi Mexican Americans]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[American English]]
| United States ([[California]])
|
| [[Hinduism]], [[Sikhism]], Islam, Christianity
|-
| [[Punjabis]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Punjabi dialects and languages|Punjabic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Punjab (region)|Punjab]] (Pakistan, India)
| [[Arain]], [[Awan (tribe)|Awan]], [[Gujjar]]s, [[Jat people|Jat]], [[Khatri]]s, [[Rajput|Punjabi Rajputs]], [[Sikhs]], [[Saraiki people|Saraiki Punjabis]], Chibhālīs,<ref>{{Cite report| last1 = Lothers| first1 = Michael| last2 = Lothers| first2 = Laura| date = 2010| title = Pahari and Pothwari: A Sociolinguistic Survey| series = SIL Electronic Survey Reports| volume =  2010-012| url = https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/9130}}</ref> along with [[Punjabi diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[British Punjabis|United Kingdom]], [[Punjabi Canadians|Canada]], and the [[Punjabi Americans|United States]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]; [[Hinduism]]; [[Sikhism]]; [[Ravidassia]]
|-
| [[Purepecha]]
| [[Purépechan languages]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Mexico]] ([[Michoacan]]) 
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|- id=Q
| [[Qarai (tribe)|Qarai]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]]
| [[Iran]] ([[Kerman province]])
|
| Islam → [[Shia Islam|Shi'ism]]
|-
| [[Qaratay]]s
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Tatar language|Tatar]] → Qataray
| Russia ([[Kamsko-Ustyinsky District]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]]; [[Protestantism]] → [[Baptists|Baptism]]
|-
| [[Qashqai people|Qashqai]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Qashqai language|Qashqai]] 
| [[Iran]] ([[Fars province]])
|
| Islam → [[Shia Islam|Shi'ism]]
|-
| [[Qiang people|Qiang]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Qiangic languages|Qiangic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| China ([[Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture]])
|
| [[Qiang folk religion]]
|-
| [[Quapaw]]
| [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] → [[Western Siouan languages|Western Siouan]] → [[Dhegihan languages|Dhegihan]] → [[Quapaw language|Quapaw]]
| United States ([[Oklahoma]], formerly [[Arkansas]])
|
| Christianity, [[Native American religion]], [[Native American Church]]
|-
| [[Quechan]]
| [[Yuman-Cochimí languages|Yuman]] → [[Quechan language|Quechan]]
| United States (Arizona, California)
|
| [[Native American religion]], Christianity
|-
| [[Quechua people|Quechua]] 
| [[Quechuan languages|Quechuan]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Peru, [[Bolivia]], [[Ecuador]], [[Colombia]], [[Argentina]]
| [[Ayacucho Quechua|Ayacucho]], [[Cajamarca–Canaris Quechua|Cajamarca–Canaris]], [[Quechua I|Central]], [[Chachapoyas Quechua|Chachapoyas]], [[Cusco Quechua|Cusco]], [[Inga people|Inga]], [[Huanca]], [[Kichwa language|Kichwa]], [[Lamas Quechua|Lamas]], [[North Bolivian Quechua|North Bolivian]], [[Pacaraos Quechua|Pacaraos]], [[Puno Quechua|Puno]], [[Santiagueno Quechua|Santiagueno]], [[South Bolivian Quechua|South Bolivian]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Inca mythology|Inca religion]]
|- 
| [[Quileute]]
| [[Chimakuan languages|Chimakuan]] → [[Quileute language|Quileute]]
| United States ([[Washington (state)|Washington]])
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Qulla]]
| [[Quechuan languages|Quechuan]] → Quechua II → [[Southern Quechua]]
| [[Altiplano|Qullaw]] ([[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], Chile)
| 
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|- id=R
| [[Rabari]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] → [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]]
| India ([[Kutch district|Kutch]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Rade people|Rade]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Chamic languages|Chamic]] → [[Rade language|Rade]]
| [[Central Highlands, Vietnam]]
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Rajasthani people|Rajasthanis]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| India ([[Rajasthan]])
| [[Charan]], [[Kachhi (caste)|Kachhi]], [[Marwari people|Marwari]], [[Meena]], [[Rajput]]s (including [[Chandel (Rajput clan)|Chandels]], [[Mahyavanshi]], and [[Molesalam Rajput|Molesalam]])
| [[Hinduism]], [[Jainism]], [[Sikhism]]
|-
| [[Rajbanshi people|Rajbanshi]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Kamtapuri language|Kamtapuri]]
| India ([[Assam]], [[West Bengal]]), [[Bangladesh]]
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Rakhine people|Rakhine]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Burmese language|Burmese]] → [[Arakanese language|Arakanese]] 
| [[Myanmar]] ([[Rakhine State]])
| [[Marma people|Marma]]
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]] 
|-
| [[Rama people|Rama]]
| [[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]] → [[Rama language|Rama]]; [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English-based creole languages|English Creole]] → [[Miskito Coast Creole]] → [[Rama Cay Creole]]
| [[Nicaragua]] ([[Rama Cay]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Moravian Church]]
|-
| [[Ramkokamekra]]
| [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Je]] → [[Jê languages|Je]] → [[Canela dialect|Canela]]
| Brazil ([[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast Region]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Ranquel]]
| [[Araucanian languages|Araucanian]] → [[Mapuche language|Mapudungun]] → Ranquel
| [[Argentina]] ([[La Pampa Province]])
|
| [[Native American religion]]<ref>[http://www.estadistica.sanluis.gov.ar/estadisticaWeb/Contenido/Pagina148/File/LIBRO/censo2010_tomo1.pdf Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409013106/http://www.estadistica.sanluis.gov.ar/estadisticaWeb/Contenido/Pagina148/File/LIBRO/censo2010_tomo1.pdf |date=2016-04-09 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Rapa Iti]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Rapa language|Rapa]]
| France ([[Rapa Iti]])
|
| Christianity 
|-
| [[Rapa Nui people|Rapa Nui]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Rapa Nui language|Rapa Nui]]
| Chile ([[Easter Island]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Redbone (ethnicity)|Redbones]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[American English]]
| United States (Louisiana)
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Indigenous Norwegian Travellers|Reisende]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
| Norway
| 
| Christianity
|-
| [[Rejang people|Rejangese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]] → [[Rejang language|Rejang]] 
| Indonesia ([[Rejang Lebong Regency]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Relli (caste)|Relli]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Reli language|Reli]], [[Hindi]]
| India ([[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]], [[West Bengal]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Rendille people|Rendille]] 
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] → [[Rendille language|Rendille]]
| [[Kenya]] ([[Eastern Province (Kenya)|Eastern Province]])
| 
| [[Waaq]]
|-
| [[Resia, Friuli|Resians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Slovene language|Slovene]] → [[Resian dialect|Resian]]
| Italy ([[Resia, Friuli Venezia Giulia|Resia]])
|
| Christianity → [[Roman Catholicism|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[White Zimbabweans|Rhodesians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Zimbabwean English]]
| [[Zimbabwe]]
| Significant populations in the United Kingdom
| Christianity
|-
| [[Rifians]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Berber languages|Berber]] → [[Tarifit]]
| [[Morocco]]
| 
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Rohingya people|Rohingyas]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Rohingya language|Rohingya]] 
| [[Myanmar]] ([[Rakhine State]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Romani people|Roma]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Romani language|Romani]],<ref name="Language family" group="note"/> [[Para-Romani]];<ref name="Language family" group="note"/><ref name="Para-Romani languages" group="note">Though many Para-Romani languages are not genetically related to each other beyond having a Romani substrate, they are all known to be ethnolects developed by the Romani diaspora.</ref> [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Romanian language|Romanian]] → [[Boyash]]
| Europe, Turkey, Cyprus, [[Caucasus]]<ref name="nomadic" group="note" />
| [[Kalderash]], Iberian Cales (including [[Gitanos|Spanish Cales]], [[Romani people in Portugal|Portuguese Cales]], [[Romani people in Brazil|Brazilian Cales]]), [[Erromintxela language|Erromintxela]], [[Finnish Kale]], [[Kale (Welsh Roma)|Welsh Kale]], [[Vlax Romani people|Vlax Roma]], [[Romanichal]] (including [[Scottish Romani and Itinerant people groups#Scottish Romanichal Travellers (Scottish Border Gypsies)|Scottish Romanichal Travellers]]), [[Scottish Romani and Itinerant people groups#Lowland Scottish Gypsies/Travellers|Lowland Scottish Travellers]], [[Burgenland Roma]], [[Sinti]] (including [[Manouche]]s), [[Romani people in Belarus#Subgroups|Belaruska Roma]], [[Romani people in Belarus#Subgroups|Litovska Roma]], [[Romani people in Belarus#Subgroups|Lotfitka Roma]], [[Ruska Roma]], [[Crimean Roma]] (including Urmacheli, Krimurja, Tayfa), [[Gurbeti]], [[Muslim Romani people|Xoraxane Roma]] (including [[Turkish Roma]], [[Zargari tribe|Zargari]], and [[Arlije]]), [[Norwegian and Swedish Travellers|Romanisal]], [[Bergitka Roma]], [[Polska Roma]], [[Cascarots]], [[Ursari]], [[Hungarian-Slovak Roma in the United States|Balshade]], [[Romani people in Turkey|Romanlar]] (including [[Turkish Roma]], [[Romani people in Turkey#Sepetçi subgroup|Sepetçi]], [[Romani people in Turkey#Ayjides subgroup|Ayjides]], [[Romani people in Turkey#Yerli and Çerge generic term|Yerli]], and [[Romani people in Turkey#Yerli and Çerge generic term|Çerge]]), [[Wallachian Roma]], [[Servitka Roma]], [[Lovari]], [[Boyash]], along with [[Romani diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Romani people in Albania|Albania]], [[Romani people in Algeria|Algeria]], [[Romani people in Australia|Australia]], [[Romani people in Austria|Austria]], [[Romani people in Belarus|Belarus]], [[Romani people in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Romani people in Brazil|Brazil]], [[Romani people in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Romani people in Canada|Canada]], [[Romani people in Colombia|Colombia]], [[Romani people in Croatia|Croatia]], the [[Romani people in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]], [[Romani people in France|France]], [[Romani people in Germany|Germany]], [[Romani people in Greece|Greece]], [[Romani people in Hungary|Hungary]], [[Romani people in Ireland|Ireland]], [[Romani people in Italy|Italy]], [[Romani people in Kosovo|Kosovo]], [[Romani Mexicans|Mexico]], [[Romani people in Montenegro|Montenegro]], Morocco, the [[Romani people in the Netherlands|Netherlands]], [[Romani people in North Macedonia|North Macedonia]], [[Romani people in Poland|Poland]], [[Romani people in Portugal|Portugal]], [[Romani people in Romania|Romania]], [[Ruska Roma|Russia]], [[Romani people in Serbia|Serbia]], [[Romani people in Slovakia|Slovakia]], [[Romani people in Slovenia|Slovenia]], [[Gitanos|Spain]], [[Romani people in Turkey|Turkey]], [[Romani people in Ukraine|Ukraine]], the [[Romani people in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], the [[Romani Americans|United States]] (including [[Hungarian-Slovak Roma in the United States|Balshade]], [[Afro-Romani|Afro-Roma]]), and [[Romani people in Uruguay|Uruguay]]
| Christianity, Islam
|-
| [[Romands]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Franco-Provencal]], [[Frainc-Comtou]], [[French language|French]] → [[Swiss French]]
| [[Switzerland]] ([[Romandy]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]] → [[Calvinism]]
|-
| [[Romanians]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
| [[Romania]], [[Moldova]]
| [[Northern Dobruja]]ns, [[Transylvania]]ns, [[Wallachia]]ns (including [[Oltenia]]ns and [[Muntenia]]ns), [[Western Moldavia|Moldavians]], [[Bukovina|Southern Bukovinians]], along with [[Romanian diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Romanians in France|France]], [[Romanians in Germany|Germany]], [[Romanians in Italy|Italy]], [[Romanians in Spain|Spain]], [[Romanians in Ukraine|Ukraine]], the [[Romanians in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], and the [[Romanian Americans|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Romanian Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Romansh people|Romansh]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Romansh language|Romansh]]
| [[Switzerland]] ([[Grisons]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Rotenese people|Rotenese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Timoric languages|Timoric]] → [[Rotenese people#Language|Rotenese]]<ref name="Language family" group="note"/>
| Indonesia ([[Rote Island]])
| [[Dela language|Dela]], [[Oenale language|Oenale]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Rotumans]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Central Pacific languages|Central Pacific]] → [[Rotuman language|Rotuman]]
| [[Fiji]] ([[Rotuma]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Seventh-day Adventism]], [[Methodism]]; [[Catholicism]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-TuvAcco-t1-body1-d53.html|title=The Rotuman People {{!}} NZETC|website=nzetc.victoria.ac.nz|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref> 
|-
| [[Russians]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Russian language|Russian]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → [[Russian Sign Language|Russian Sign]]
| Russia, Ukraine ([[Sumy Oblast]]), and surrounding regions
| [[Caucasus Russians]], [[Siberians]], [[Cossacks]] (including [[Kuban Cossacks]] and [[Nekrasov Cossacks]]), [[Pomors]], [[Subbotniks]], [[Old Believers]] (including [[Kamenschik]]s, [[Lipovans]], [[Semeiskie]]), [[Karyms]], [[Gurans (Transbaikal people)|Gurans]], [[Doukhobors]], [[Alaskan Russians]] (including [[Alaskan Creole people|Alaskan Creoles]], [[Old Believers|Alaskan Old Believers]]), [[Goryuns]], [[Kamchadals]], [[Molokans]] (including [[Subbotniks|Subbotnik Molokans]]), [[Polekhs]], [[Russian old-settlers|Starozhily]], along with [[Russian diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Russians in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], [[Russians in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Russians in Belarus|Belarus]], [[Russians in Belgium|Belgium]], [[Russian Brazilians|Brazil]], [[Russian Canadians|Canada]], [[Russians in China|China]] (including [[Russians in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]), [[Russians in Estonia|Estonia]], [[Russians in France|France]], [[Russians in Germany|Germany]], [[Russians in Israel|Israel]], [[Russians in Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]], [[Russians in Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyzstan]], [[Russians in Latvia|Latvia]], [[Russians in Lithuania|Lithuania]], [[Russians in Moldova|Moldova]], [[Russians in Taiwan|Taiwan]], [[Russians in Turkmenistan|Turkmenistan]], [[Russians in Ukraine|Ukraine]], [[Russians in Armenia|Armenia]] (including [[Molokans in Armenia|Molokans]]), the [[Russian Americans|United States]], [[Russians in Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]]
| Christianity → [[Spiritual Christianity]], [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Old Believers|Old Believerism and Old Ritualism]]; Christianity and [[Animism]] → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] and Animism → [[Pomors#Religion & society|Pomor Christianity]]
|-
| [[Rusyns]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Rusyn language|Carpathian Rusyn]], [[Pannonian Rusyn]]
| [[Transcarpathia]] ([[Ukraine]], [[Slovakia]], Poland),<ref group="note">The Rusyn identity is mostly limited to those residing outside of Carpathian Ruthenia. Within Carpathian Ruthenia itself (especially in the Ukrainian region), the majority of its residents identify themselves as being Ukrainian.</ref> [[Pannonian Basin|Pannonian Plain]] ([[Croatia]], Serbia), Romania ([[Bukovina]], [[Maramureș]]), [[Lemko Region|Lemkovyna]] (
| [[Pannonian Rusyns]], [[Lemkos]], [[Hutsuls]], [[Boykos]], {{ill|Dolinians|pl|Dolinianie}}, {{ill|Zamieszańcy|pl|Zamieszańcy}}, with significant populations in the [[Rusyn Americans|United States]] and [[Rusyns of Romania|Romania]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Rutul people|Rutuls]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Lezgic languages|Lezgic]] → [[Rutul language|Rutul]]
| Russia ([[Dagestan]]), [[Azerbaijan]]
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Ryukyuan people|Ryukyuans]]
| [[Japonic languages|Japonic]] → [[Ryukyuan languages|Ryukyuan]];<ref name="Language family" group="note"/><ref name="Ryukyuan languages" group="note">All Ryukyuan speakers are seen as one ethnicity; however, due to a history of [[Dialect card|forced assimilation]] by the Japanese government, the majority can only speak Japanese.</ref> [[Japonic languages|Japonic]] → [[Japanese language|Japanese]] → [[Okinawan Japanese]], [[Amami Japanese]]; [[Japanese Sign Language family|JSLic]] → [[Japanese Sign Language|Japanese Sign]]; [[Koniya Sign Language]]
| Japan ([[Ryukyu Islands]])
| [[Amami Islands|Amami]] (including [[Kikaijima|Kikai]], [[Amami Ōshima]] (including [[Setouchi, Kagoshima|Setouchi]]), [[Tokunoshima]], [[Okinoerabujima|Okinoerabu]], and [[Yoronjima|Yoron]]), [[Okinawa Islands|Okinawan]]s (including [[Kunigami language|Kunigami]]) [[Miyako Islands|Miyakoans]], [[Tarama language|Tarama]], [[Yaeyama Islands|Yaeyama]], [[Yonaguni]], with significant populations in {{ill|Japanese and Okinawan Bolivians|lt=Bolivia|ja|オキナワ移住地}}, [[Ryukyuans in Brazil|Brazil]], and the [[Ryukyuan Americans|United States]] (including [[Okinawans in Hawaii|Hawaii]])
| [[Irreligion]]; [[Ryukyuan religion]]; Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] → [[Ryukyuan religion#Rise of Catholicism|Ryukyuan Catholicism]]
|- id=S
| [[Saho people|Saho]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] → [[Saho language|Saho]]
| [[Eritrea]], Ethiopia
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Sahrawi people|Sahrawis]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Arabic]] → [[Hassaniya Arabic]]
| [[Western Sahara]]
| [[Reguibat tribe|Reguibat]], [[Oulad Delim]], [[Oulad Tidrarin]], [[Laaroussien]], [[Tekna]], [[Tajakant]], [[Aït Oussa]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Demographics of Saint Helena|Saint Helenians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]
| [[Saint Helena]]
|
| Christianity → [[Anglicanism]]
|-
| [[Saint Thomas Christians]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Malayalamoid languages|Malayalamoid]] → [[Malayalam]]
| India ([[Kerala]])
| Northists, [[Knanaya]]s
| Christianity → [[Saint Thomas Christian denominations|Saint Thomas Christianity]]
|-
| [[Sakizaya people|Sakizaya]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[East Formosan languages|East Formosan]] → [[Sakizaya people|Sakizaya]]
| [[Hualien County]] (Taiwan)
|
| [[Animism]], Christianity
|-
| [[Salar people|Salar]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Salar language|Salar]]
| China ([[Qinghai]], [[Gansu]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Salinan]]
| [[Hokan languages|Hokan]] → [[Salinan language|Salinan]]
| United States (California)
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Sama-Bajau|Sama–Bajau]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Barito languages|Barito]] → [[Sama–Bajaw languages|Sama–Bajaw]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Maritime Southeast Asia]] (Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, [[Brunei]])<ref name="nomadic" group="note" />
| [[Sama language|Sama]] (including [[Banguingui people|Banguingui]]), [[Bajaw language|Bajaw]], [[Abaknon language|Abaknon]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Samaritans]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Canaanite languages|Canaanite]] → [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] → [[Modern Hebrew]]; [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Arabic]] → [[Levantine Arabic]] → [[Palestinian Arabic]]; historically [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Northwest Semitic languages|Northwest Semitic]] → [[Samaritan Hebrew]], [[Samaritan Aramaic]]
| [[Israel]]
|
| [[Samaritanism]]
|-
| [[Sambal people|Sambal]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Sambalic languages|Sambalic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Philippines ([[Zambales]])
| [[Bolinao language|Bolinao]], [[Botolan language|Botolan]] (including [[Banguingui people|Banguingui]])
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Sámi people|Sámi]] 
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Sámi languages|Sámi]];<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> historically [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Sámi languages|Sámi]] → [[Akkala Sámi]], [[Kemi Sámi]], [[Kainuu Sámi]]
| [[Sápmi]] (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia) 
| [[Inari Sámi people|Inari Sámi]], [[Kildin Sámi]], [[Lule Sámi]], [[Northern Sámi]], [[Pite Sámi]], [[Skolts|Skolt Sámi]], [[Southern Sámi]], [[Ter Sámi]], [[Ume Sámi]], [[Akkala Sámi]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]
|-
| [[Samoans]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Samoan language|Samoan]]
| [[Samoan Islands]] ([[Samoa]], [[American Samoa]])
| [[Demographics of American Samoa|American Samoans]], [[Demographics of Samoa|Samoan Samoans]], with significant populations in [[Samoan New Zealanders|New Zealand]], the [[Samoan Americans|United States]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Sandawe people|Sandawe]]
| [[Sandawe language|Sandawe]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Chemba District (Tanzania)|Chemba District]])
|
| [[Traditional African Religion]], Islam
|-
| [[Sangirese people|Sangirese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Sangirese language|Sangirese]]
| Indonesia ([[Sangihe Islands]]), Philippines ([[Mindanao]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[:jp:サンカ|Sanka]]<ref group="note">Also known as Japanese Gypsies.</ref>
| [[Japonic languages|Japonic]] → [[Japanese language|Japanese]] → [[:jp:日本語の方言#第3の言語|Sanka]]
| Japan (mountainous regions of [[Honshu]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Sankethi Brahmin]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Tamiloid languages|Tamiloid]] → [[Tamil language|Tamil]] → [[Sankethi language|Sankethi]]
| India ([[Karnataka]])
|
| [[Hinduism]] → [[Advaita Vedanta]]
|-
| [[Santal people|Santal]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Munda languages|Munda]] → [[Santali language|Santali]]
| India ([[West Bengal]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]])<ref name="non-contiguous" group="note" />
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Sara people|Sara]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Central Sudanic languages|Central Sudanic]] → [[Sara languages|Sara]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Chad]], [[Central African Republic]]
| [[Ngambay language|Ngambay]], [[Doba language|Doba]], [[Laka language|Laka]], [[Kabba language|Kabba]], [[Sar language|Sar]], [[Mbay language|Mbay]], [[Ngam language|Ngam]], [[Dagba language|Dagba]], [[Gulay language|Gulay]]
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Saramaka]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Saramaccan language|Saramaccan]]
| [[Suriname]]
|
| [[Winti]], Christianity → [[Moravian Church]]
|-
| [[Sardinian people|Sardinians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Sassarese language|Sassarese]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Gallurese]]
| Italy ([[Sardinia]])
| [[Logudorese Sardinian|Logudorese]], [[Campidanese Sardinian|Campidanese]], [[Sassarese language|Sassarese]], [[Gallurese]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Sasak people|Sasak]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Sasak language|Sasak]]
| Indonesia ([[Lombok]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Saurashtra people|Saurashtras]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]]
| India ([[South India]])
|
| [[Hinduism]] → [[Vaishnavism]], [[Hinduism]] → [[Shaivism]]
|-
| [[Savu people|Savu]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Sumba–Flores languages|Sumba–Flores]] → [[Sumba languages|Sumba]] → [[Hawu language|Hawu]]
| India ([[Savu]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Scottish people|Scots]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Scots language|Scots]], [[English language|English]] → [[Scottish English]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] → [[Scottish Gaelic]];<ref name="Celts" group="note" /> [[BANZSL]] → [[British Sign Language|British Sign]] 
| United Kingdom ([[Scotland]])
| [[Ulster Scots people|Ulster Scots]], [[Scottish Highlands|Highlanders]], [[Scottish Lowlands|Lowlanders]], [[Berwick-upon-Tweed|Berwickers]], along with [[Scottish diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[Scottish Americans|United States]] (including [[Scotch-Irish Americans]]), [[Scottish Canadians|Canada]] (including [[Scotch-Irish Canadians]]), [[Scottish Australians|Australia]], [[Scottish Argentine|Argentina]], [[Scottish Russians|Russia]], and the [[White Bahamian|Bahamas]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Church of Scotland|Calvinism]]
|-
| [[Sekani]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Sekani language|Sekani]]
| Canada ([[British Columbia]])
|
| Christianity, [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Selk'nam people|Selk'nam]]
| [[Chonan languages|Chonan]] → [[Selk'nam language|Selk'nam]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| [[Tierra del Fuego]] ([[Argentina]], [[Chile]])
|
| [[Animism]], Christianity
|-
| [[Selkup people|Selkups]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Samoyedic languages|Samoyedic]] → [[Selkup language|Selkup]]
| Russia ([[Tomsk Oblast]], [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]], [[Tyumen Oblast]])
|
| [[Shamanism]], Christianity → [[Russian Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Seminole]]s
| [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] → [[Muscogee language|Muscogee]] → [[Muscogee language#Seminole dialects|Seminole]], [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] → [[Mikasuki language|Mikasuki]], [[Afro-Seminole Creole]]
| United States (Oklahoma, Florida), [[Mexico]] ([[Coahuila]])
| [[Seminole Nation of Oklahoma|Oklahoma Seminoles]], [[Black Seminoles]] (including [[Mascogos]]), [[Seminole Tribe of Florida|Florida Seminoles]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]], [[Roman Catholicism|Catholicism]]; [[Green Corn Ceremony]]
|-
| [[Semnani people|Semnanis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Semnani languages|Semnani]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Iran]] ([[Semnan province|Semnan]])
| [[Semnani language|Biyabunakis]], [[Sangsari language|Sangsaris]], [[Sorkhei language|Sorkheis]], [[Aftari language|Aftaris]], [[Lasgerdi language|Lasgerdis]]
| Islam → [[Shia Islam|Shi'ism]] → [[Twelver Shi'ism]]
|-
| [[Seneca people|Seneca]]
| [[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]] → Northern Iroquoian → [[Seneca language|Seneca]]
| Canada ([[Ontario]]), United States ([[New York (state)|New York]], Oklahoma)
|
| [[Longhouse Religion]], Christianity<ref>Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student's Handbook'', Edinburgh</ref>
|-
| [[Sentinelese]]
| [[Sentinelese language|Sentinelese]]
| India ([[North Sentinel Island]])
|
| [[Animism]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-12-03 |title=When the Sentinelese shun bows and arrows to welcome outsiders |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/when-the-sentinelese-shun-bows-and-arrows-to-welcome-outsiders/articleshow/66913753.cms |access-date=2024-09-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| [[Senufo people|Senufo]]
| [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → (disputed) → [[Senufo languages|Senufo]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Mali]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]]
| [[Nafana people|Nafana]], [[Minyanka language|Minyanka]]
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Serbs]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Shtokavian]] → [[Serbian language|Serbian]] 
| Serbia, [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] ([[Republika Srpska]]), [[Montenegro]], [[Croatia]], [[Kosovo]], [[Romania]], [[Hungary]], [[Albania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Slovenia]], [[North Macedonia]]
| [[Kosovo Serbs]], [[Serbs of Montenegro|Montenegrin Serbs]], [[Serbs of Croatia|Croatian Serbs]], [[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian Serbs]], [[Serbs in North Macedonia|Macedonian Serbs]], [[Serbs of Romania|Romanian Serbs]], [[Serbs in Hungary|Hungarian Serbs]], [[Serbs and Montenegrins in Albania|Albanian Serbs]], [[Serbs in Bulgaria|Bulgarian Serbs]], [[Serbs in Slovenia|Slovenian Serbs]], [[Serbs in Vojvodina|Vojvodinian Serbs]], [[Triestine Serbs]], [[Serb Muslims]], along with [[Serbian diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Serbs in Greece|Greece]], [[Serbs in Germany|Germany]], [[Serbs in Austria|Austria]], [[Serbs in France|France]], [[Serbs of Slovakia|Slovakia]], and [[Swedish Serbs|Sweden]]
| Christianity → [[Serbian Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Serer people|Serer]]
| [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → [[Senegambian languages|Senegambian]] → [[Serer language|Serer]], [[Cangin languages|Cangin]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Senegal]]
| [[Serer-Laalaa|Laalaa]], [[Serer-Ndut people|Ndut]], [[Niominka people|Niominka]], [[Serer-Noon]], [[Palor people|Palor]], [[Saafi people|Saafi]]
| Islam, [[Serer religion]]
|-
| [[Serrano people|Serrano]]
| [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] → [[Takic languages|Takic]] → [[Serrano language|Serrano]]<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
| United States ([[California]])
| Mountain Serrano, Desert Serrano
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Seychellois Creole people|Seychellois Creoles]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[French-based creole languages|French-based creole]] → [[Seychellois Creole]]
| [[Seychelles]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Shan people|Shan]]
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]] → [[Tai languages|Tai]] → [[Shan language|Shan]]
| [[Myanmar]] ([[Shan State]])
|
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Sharchops]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tibeto-Kanauri languages|Tibeto-Kanauri]] → [[Tshangla language|Tshangla]]
| [[Bhutan]] ([[Lhuntse District|Lhuntse]], [[Mongar District|Mongar]], [[Pemagatshel District|Pemagatshel]], [[Samdrup Jongkhar District|Samdrup Jongkhar]], [[Trashigang District|Trashigang]], and [[Trashiyangtse District|Trashiyangtse]] Districts)
|
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[Bon]]
|-
| [[Shawnee]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Shawnee language|Shawnee]]
| United States (Oklahoma, historically Ohio)
| [[Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians|Absentee Shawnee]], [[Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma|Eastern Shawnee]], [[Shawnee#State-recognized tribe|Piqua Shawnee]], [[Shawnee Tribe]]
| [[Indigenous religion]]<ref name="oic">Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. [http://www.ok.gov/oiac/Publications/index.html ''Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial'']. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211145522/http://www.ok.gov/oiac/Publications/index.html|date=February 11, 2009}}. 2008.</ref> 
|-
| [[Sherbro people|Sherbro]]
| [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → [[Mel languages|Mel]] → [[Sherbro language|Sherbro]]
| [[Sierra Leone]] ([[Sherbro Island]])
|
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Sherpa people|Sherpas]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tibetic languages|Tibetic]] → [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]]
| [[Nepal]], India ([[Sikkim]], [[West Bengal]])
|
| [[Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Shetlanders]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Scots language|Scots]] → [[Shetland dialect|Shetlandic]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Scottish English]]; [[BANZSL]] → [[British Sign Language|British Sign]]; historically [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Norn language|Norn]]
| United Kingdom ([[Shetland]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Presbyterianism]]
|-
| [[Shilha people|Shilha]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Berber languages|Berber]] → [[Shilha language|Shilha]]
| [[Morocco]]
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Shilluk people|Shilluk]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Shilluk language|Shilluk]]
| [[South Sudan]]
| [[Gule tribe|Gule]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Shina people|Shina]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Dardic languages|Dardic]] → [[Shina language|Shina]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Dardic languages|Dardic]] → [[Kohistani Shina]]
| Pakistan ([[Gilgit-Baltistan]])
| [[Kohistani Shina]]
| Islam
|-
| [[Shirazi people|Shirazi]]
| [[Atlantic-Congo languages|Atlantic-Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Swahili language|Swahili]]
| [[Tanzania]] ([[Swahili Coast]]), [[Kenya]], [[Mozambique]], [[Comoros]]
| [[Zanzibar]]is, and [[Mayotte|Maore]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Shiriana]]
| [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]] → [[Shiriana language|Shiriana]], [[Arutani language]]
| Brazil ([[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]], [[Amazon rainforest]]), [[Venezuela]] ([[Amazon rainforest]])
| [[Auake people|Auake]]
| [[Animism]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Migliazza |first=Ernest |last2=Grimes |first2=Joseph E. |date=1961 |title=Shiriana Phonology |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30022319 |journal=Anthropological Linguistics |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=31–41 |issn=0003-5483}}</ref> 
|-
| [[Shompen people|Shompen]]
| [[Shompen language|Shompen]]
| India ([[Great Nicobar Island]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Shona people|Shona]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Shona language|Shona]]
| [[Zimbabwe]] ([[Mashonaland]])
| [[Manyika dialect|Manyika]], [[Ndau people|Ndau]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Shopi]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
| [[Shopi#Shopluk area|Shopluk]] ([[Bulgaria]], Serbia, [[North Macedonia]])
|
| Christianity → [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Shors]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → [[Shor language|Shor]]
| Russia ([[Kemerovo Oblast]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Shamanism]] → [[Shors#Shamanism|Shor Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Shoshone]]
| [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] → [[Numic languages|Numic]] → [[Shoshoni language|Shoshoni]]
| Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, Utah (United States)
| [[Eastern Shoshone]], [[Northern Shoshone]], [[Western Shoshone]], [[Goshute]]
| [[Native American Church]], Christianity
|-
| [[Sibe people|Sibe]]
| [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] → [[Xibe language|Xibe]]<ref name="Tungusic" group="note" />
| China ([[Liaoning]], [[Jilin]], [[Xinjiang]])<ref name="non-contiguous" group="note" />
|
| [[Shamanism]]<ref name="non-religious" group="note" />
|-
| [[Siberian Tatars]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Tobol-Irtysh dialect|Tobol-Irtysh]], [[Baraba dialect|Baraba]], Tom<ref name="Siberian Tatar dialects" group="note">While they are commonly subsumed into one [[Siberian Tatar language]], the Tobol-Irtysh dialects belong to Kipchak-Nogai while the Baraba and Tom dialects belong to Kipchak-Kyrgyz.</ref>
| Russia ([[Western Siberia]])
| [[Baraba Tatars]], [[Chats (subgroup)|Chats]], [[Eushta Tatars]], [[Kalmak Tatars]], [[Siberian Bukharans]], [[Zabolotnie Tatars]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Siberian Yupik]]
| [[Eskaleut languages|Eskaleut]] → Eskimo → [[Central Siberian Yupik language|Siberian Yupik]], [[Eskaleut languages|Eskaleut]] → Eskimo → [[Naukan Yupik language|Naukan]]
| Russia ([[Chukchi Peninsula]]), United States ([[St. Lawrence Island]])
| [[Naukan people|Naukan]]
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Sicilians]]
| [[Indo-European language|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]], [[Italian language|Italian]]; historically [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Arabic]] → [[Siculo-Arabic|Sicilian Arabic]]
| Italy ([[Sicily]])
| [[Pelagie Islands|Pelagie Islanders]] ([[Lampedusa]]ns, [[Linosa]]ns), [[Pantelleria]]ns, with significant populations in the [[Sicilian Americans|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Sidama people|Sidama]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] → [[Sidama language|Sidaama]]
| Ethiopia ([[Sidama Region|Sidamia]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Siddi]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Swahili language|Swahili]]<ref group="note">The Siddi now speak the dominant language of their region.</ref> → [[Sidi language|Sidi]]
| Pakistan ([[Baluchistan]], [[Sindh]]), India ([[Karnataka]], [[Gujarat]], [[Hyderabad]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Sierra Leone Creole people|Sierra Leone Creoles]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Krio language|Krio]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Pichinglis]]
| [[Sierra Leone]]
| [[Gambian Creole people|Gambian Creoles]], [[Saro people|Saros]], [[Fernandino peoples#Krio Fernandinos|Krio Fernandinos]], with significant populations in the [[Sierra Leonean Americans|United States]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Sika people|Sika]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Flores–Lembata languages|Flores–Lembata]] → [[Sika language|Sika]]
| Indonesia ([[Sikka Regency]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Silesians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Silesian language|Silesian]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[High German languages|High German]] → [[Silesian German]]
| [[Silesia]] (Poland, Germany, [[Czech Republic]])
| [[Cieszyn Vlachs]], {{ill|Moravians|pl|Morawcy}}, along with significant populations in the United States (including [[Texas Silesian|Texas]])
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]
|-
| [[Siltʼe people|Siltʼe]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] → [[Ethiopian Semitic languages|Ethiopic]] → [[Gurage languages|Gurage]] → [[Siltʼe language|Siltʼe]]
| Ethiopia ([[Silt'e Zone|Siltia]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Sindhis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
| Pakistan ([[Sindh]])
| [[Jat people|Jat]], [[Jamote People|Jamote]], [[Memon people|Memon]], [[Arain]], [[Sindhis in India|Indian Sindhis]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]] → [[Hanafi]]sm; [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]
| Sri Lanka 
| [[Dewa (people)|Dewa]], [[British Sri Lankans]], [[Burgher people|Burghers]] (including [[Portuguese Burghers]] and [[Dutch Burghers]])
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Siona people|Siona]]
| [[Tucanoan languages|Tucanoan]] → [[Tucanoan languages#Classification|Western Tucanoan]] → [[Siona language|Siona]]
| [[Ecuador]] ([[Sucumbios]]), [[Colombia]] ([[Putumayo department|Putumayo]])
| 
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Sioux]] 
| [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] → [[Western Siouan languages|Western Siouan]] → [[Sioux language|Sioux]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">Due to a history of [[Cultural assimilation of Native Americans|forced assimilation]] by the American government, the majority can only speak [[American English|English]].</ref>
| United States ([[Republic of Lakotah proposal|Lakotah]])
| [[Lakota people|Lakota]] (including [[Brulé]], [[Oglala]], [[Sans Arc]], [[Hunkpapa]], [[Miniconjou]], and [[Sihasapa]]) and [[Dakota people|Dakota]] (including [[Mdewakanton]])
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Sirenik Eskimos|Sirenik]]
| [[Eskaleut languages|Eskaleut]] → Eskimo → [[Central Siberian Yupik language|Siberian Yupik]],<ref name="Sirenik language" group="note">Due to the [[Sirenik language]] going extinct, Sirenik people have begun using the related Siberian Yupik language in its place.</ref> historically [[Eskaleut languages|Eskaleut]] → Eskimo → [[Sirenik language|Sirenik]]
| Russia ([[Sireniki]])
| 
| Christianity, formerly [[shamanism]]
|-
| [[Skokomish people|Skokomish]]
| [[Salishan languages|Salishan]] → [[Coast Salish languages|Coast Salish]] → [[Twana language|Twana]]
| United States ([[Skokomish Indian Tribe#Reservation|Skokomish Indian Reservation]])
|
| Christianity → [[Indian Shaker Church]]<ref>{{cite book |title= Twana narratives: native historical accounts of a Coast Salish culture |last= Elmendorf |first= William Welcome |year=1993 |publisher= UBC Press |isbn= 978-0-7748-0475-2 |page= xxix |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RR1muiH0ZzUC&pg=PR29 |accessdate= November 3, 2010}} See also map on [https://books.google.com/books?id=RR1muiH0ZzUC&pg=PA2 page 2]</ref>
|-
| [[Slavey]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Slavey language|Slavey]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Canada ([[Alberta]], [[Northwest Territories]])
| [[Slavey|Deh Cho]], [[Sahtu]]
| Christianity, [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Slovaks]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Slovak language|Slovak]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → Austro-Hungarian Sign → [[Slovak Sign Language|Slovak Sign]]
| [[Slovakia]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Hungary]], Austria, and surrounding regions
| [[Slovak diaspora|Significant populations]] in [[Slovaks in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]], [[Czechs and Slovaks in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Slovaks in Hungary|Hungary]], [[Slovaks in Austria|Austria]], [[Slovaks in Serbia|Serbia]], [[Slovaks of Croatia|Croatia]], [[Slovak Americans|United States]], [[Slovak Australians|Australia]], and [[Slovak Canadians|Canada]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Slovenes]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Slovene language|Slovene]]
| [[Slovenia]], Austria ([[Carinthia]]), [[Hungary]], Italy ([[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]), [[Croatia]] ([[Istria]], [[Primorje-Gorski Kotar County]], [[Zagreb]]), and surrounding regions
| [[Hungarian Slovenes]] (including Rába Slovenes), [[Carinthian Slovenes]], [[Prekmurje Slovenes]], [[Slovene minority in Italy|Italian Slovenes]], [[Slovenes of Croatia|Croatian Slovenes]] along with [[Slovene diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[Slovene Americans|United States]], [[Slovene Canadians|Canada]], [[Slovene Australians|Australia]], [[Slovene Uruguayans|Uruguay]], [[Slovene Venezuelans|Venezuela]], [[Slovene Argentines|Argentina]], [[Slovenes of Croatia|Croatia]], and [[Slovene minority in Italy|Italy]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Soga people|Soga]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Soga language|Soga]] 
| [[Uganda]] ([[Busoga]])
|
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Somalis]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] → [[Somali languages|Somali]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Greater Somalia]] ([[Somalia]], Ethiopia, [[Djibouti]], [[Kenya]])
| [[Hawiye]], [[Darod]] (including [[Majeerteen]]), [[Isaaq]], [[Dir (clan)|Dir]], [[Rahanweyn]], [[Madhiban]], [[Yibir]], [[Ajuran (clan)|Ajuran]] along with [[Somali diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[Somali Americans|United States]], the [[Somalis in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], [[Somalis in Sweden|Sweden]], and [[Somali Canadians|Canada]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]] → [[Shafi'i school|Shafi'ism]]
|-
| [[Songhai people|Songhai]]
| [[Songhay languages]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[West Africa]]
| [[Songhai proper]], [[Zarma people|Zarma]], [[Wogo people|Wogo]], [[Kurtey people|Kurtey]], [[Ingalkoyyu people|Ingalkoyyu]], [[Arma people|Arma]], [[Belbali people|Belbali]], [[Dendi people|Dendi]]
| Islam
|-
| [[Soninke people|Soninke]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Mande languages|Mande]] → [[Soninke language|Soninke]] 
| [[Mali]] 
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]] → [[Maliki school|Malikism]]
|-
| [[Micronesians#Sonsorolese people|Sonsorolese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Micronesian languages|Micronesian]] → [[Sonsorolese language|Sonsorolese]]
| [[Palau]] ([[Sonsorol]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Soqotri people|Soqotris]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Modern South Arabian languages|Eastern South Semitic]] → [[Soqotri language|Soqotri]]
| [[Yemen]] ([[Socotra]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Sorbs]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Sorbian languages|Sorbian]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Lusatia]] (Germany, Poland)
| [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbs]], [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbs]], historically [[Polabian Slavs|Polabians]], with significant populations in the [[Sorbian Americans|United States]] (including [[Wends of Texas|Texas]])
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Basotho|Sotho]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Sotho language|Sotho]]
| South Africa ([[Free State (province)|Free State]]), [[Lesotho]] 
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Turks of South Carolina|South Carolina Turks]]<ref name="Ognibene&Browder2018">{{citation|last1=Ognibene|first1=Terri Ann|last2=Browder|first2=Glen|year=2018|title=South Carolina's Turkish People: A History and Ethnology|publisher=[[University of South Carolina]]|page=64|isbn=9781611178593}}</ref> 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]
| United States ([[Dalzell, South Carolina|Dalzell]], [[Sumter County, South Carolina]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[South Sea Islanders]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Australian English]]
| Australia ([[Queensland]])
| 
| Christianity<ref name="AHRC">Tracey Flanagan, Meredith Wilkie, and Susanna Iuliano. [http://www.hreoc.gov.au/racial_discrimination/forum/Erace/south_sea.html "Australian South Sea Islanders: A Century of Race Discrimination under Australian Law"], Australian Human Rights Commission.</ref>
|-
| [[Soyot]]s
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → Taiga Sayan Turkic → [[Soyot language|Soyot]]
| Russia ([[Okinsky District]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Spaniards]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]], [[Asturleonese language|Asturleonese]], [[Barranquenho]], [[Quinqui jargon]]; [[Spanish Sign Language|Spanish Sign language]]
| Spain, [[Portugal]] ([[Barrancos]])
| [[Andalusians]], [[Barranquenho]]s,<ref name="Barranquenho"/> [[Castilians]], [[Leonese people|Leonese]], [[Cantabrian people|Cantabrians]], [[Extremadurans]], [[Mercheros]], [[Olivenza]]ns
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Sri Lanka Kaffirs]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Portuguese Creole]] → [[Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole]]
| Sri Lanka ([[Puttalam]], [[Trincomalee]], [[Batticaloa]], [[Negombo]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]; [[Buddhism]] → [[Theravada]] Buddhism
|-
| | [[Sri Lanka Malays]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malay trade and creole languages|Malay creoles]] → [[Sri Lankan Malay language|Sri Lankan Malay]]
| Sri Lanka
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Sri Lankan Moors]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Tamiloid languages|Tamiloid]] → [[Tamil language|Tamil]] → [[Sri Lankan Moors#Sri Lankan Muslim Tamil|Sri Lankan Muslim Tamil]]
| Sri Lanka
| 
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Sri Lankan Chetties]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Tamiloid languages|Tamiloid]] → [[Tamil language|Tamil]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]
| Sri Lanka
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Anglicanism]], Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Calvinism]]
|-
| [[Subanon people|Subanons]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Subanon languages|Subanon]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Philippines ([[Zamboanga Peninsula]])
| Kolibugan, Lapuyan
| Christianity, Islam, [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Sui people|Sui]] 
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]] → [[Kam–Sui languages|Kam–Sui]] → [[Sui language|Sui]]
| China ([[Sandu Shui Autonomous County]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Sukuma people|Sukuma]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Sukuma language|Sukuma]] 
| [[Tanzania]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[:id:Rumpun Sula|Sulanese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Central Maluku languages|Central Maluku]] → [[Sula language|Sula]] 
| Indonesia ([[Sula Islands Regency]])
| [[:id:Suku Fagudu|Fagudu]], Falahu, Fatcei, Mangon
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]; [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Sumba people|Sumba]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Sumba–Flores languages|Sumba–Flores]] → [[Sumba languages|Sumba]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Indonesia ([[Sumba]])
| [[Anakalangu language|Anakalangu]], [[Kambera language|East Sumbanese]], [[Kodi language|Kodi]], [[Lamboya language|Lamboya]], [[Wejewa language|West Sumbanese]], [[Mamboru language|Mamboru]], [[Wanukaka language|Wanukaka]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Sumbawa people|Sumbawa]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Sumbawa language|Sumbawa]]
| Indonesia ([[Sumbawa]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]] → [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]]
| Indonesia ([[Java]])
| [[Bantenese people|Bantenese]], [[Baduy people|Baduy]], [[Ciptagelar people|Ciptagelar]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]]
|-
| [[Surma people|Surma]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Surmic languages|Surmic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Ethiopia, [[South Sudan]]
| [[Mekan people|Me'en]], [[Mursi people|Mursi]], [[Kichepo people|Kichepo]]
| [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Susu people|Susu]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Mande languages|Mande]] → [[Susu language|Susu]]
| [[Guinea]], [[Sierra Leone]] ([[Kambia District|Kambia]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Swabians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Alemannic German]] → [[Swabian German]]
| [[Germany]] ([[Swabia]])
|
| [[Christianity]] → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Swahili people|Swahili]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Swahili language|Swahili]]
| [[Swahili coast]] ([[Kenya]], Tanzania, [[Mozambique]], [[Comoros]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Swazi people|Swazi]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Swazi language|Swazi]] 
| South Africa ([[Mpumalanga]]), [[Eswatini]] 
|
| Christianity → [[African Zionism]]
|-
| [[Swedes]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Dalecarlian language|Dalecarlian]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[East Danish]] → [[Scanian dialect|Scanian]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Gutnish]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Norrland dialects|Norrlandic]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Jämtland dialects|Jamtska]], [[Swedish Sign Language family|SSLic]] → [[Swedish Sign Language|Swedish Sign]]
| Sweden, [[Estonia]] ([[Aiboland]])
| [[Scania]]ns, [[Jamtland|Jamtish]], [[Gotland|Gutnish]], [[Dalarna|Dalecarlians]], [[Estonian Swedes]] along with [[Swedish diaspora|significant populations]] in the [[Swedish Americans|United States]], [[Swedish Canadians|Canada]], [[Swedish Argentines|Argentina]], and the [[Swedes in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]
|-
| [[Sylhetis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Sylheti language|Sylheti]]
| [[Bangladesh]] ([[Sylhet Division]]), India ([[Barak Valley]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Terms for Syriac Christians#Aramean identity|Syriacs]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] → [[Neo-Aramaic languages|Neo-Aramaic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Neo-Aramaic" group="note">The [[Aramaic language]] morphed into the Neo-Aramaic languages around 1200 AD. Whether the majority of the Arameans are still speaking these languages is unclear, however.</ref>
| [[Syria]] ([[Qalamoun Mountains]])
| [[Terms for Syriac Christians#Aramean identity|Arameans]] (includes [[Arameans in Israel|Israeli Arameans]]), [[Chaldean Catholic Church|Chaldean Catholics]] from [[Mosul Vilayet|Nineveh]] and [[Bohtan]], [[Citadel Christians]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Christianity]] → [[Syriac Christianity]]
|-
|- id=T
| [[:id:Suku Tabaru|Tabaru people]]
| [[West Papuan languages|West Papuan]] → [[North Halmahera languages|North Halmahera]] → [[Tabaru language|Tabaru]] 
| Indonesia ([[Jailolo (town)|Jailolo]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Tabasaran people|Tabasaran]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Lezgic languages|Lezgic]] → [[Tabasaran language|Tabasaran]]
| Russia ([[Dagestan]] ([[Tabasaransky District]]))
| 
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Tagalog people|Tagalogs]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]
| Philippines
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Tagish]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Tagish language|Tagish]]
| Canada ([[Yukon]])
|
| Christianity, [[Animism]]<ref>[http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio.php?id_nbr=7489 Keish (Skookum Jim, James Mason)] at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography</ref>
|-
| [[Tahitians]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Tahitian language|Tahitian]]<ref name="France" group="note" />
| France ([[Tahiti]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Tahltan]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Tahltan language|Tahltan]]
| Canada (Northern [[British Columbia]])
|
| Christianity, [[Animism]]<ref>{{Cite book|publisher=The University Museum|last=Emmons|first=George Thornton|title=The Tahltan Indians|location=Philadelphia|access-date=2014-03-29|year=1911|url=https://archive.org/details/tahltanindians00emmoiala}}</ref>
|-
| [[Cowlitz people|Taidnapam]]
| Historically [[Plateau Penutian languages|Plateau Penutian]] → [[Sahaptian languages|Sahaptian]] → Northwest [[Sahaptin language|Sahaptin]] → Upper Cowlitz; [[Chinookan languages|Chinookan]], [[Wakashan languages|Wakashan]], and [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Lower Chinook]], [[Nootka Jargon]], [[Germanic languages|Germanic]], and [[Italic languages|Italic]] → [[Chinook Jargon]]
| United States ([[Yakama Indian Reservation]])
| [[Cowlitz people|Upper Cowlitz]], [[Cowlitz people|Lewis River Cowlitz]]
| [[Native American religion]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hometowndebate.com/the-spirit-of-the-cowlitz-their-villages-part-two-cms-56|title=The Spirit of the Cowlitz: Their villages, part two|date=January 9, 2013|website=www.hometowndebate.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Taino]]
| [[Arawakan language|Arawakan]] → [[Taino language|Taino]]
| [[Greater Antilles]]
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Tajiks]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Tajik language|Tajik]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → Austro-Hungarian Sign → [[Russian Sign Language|Russian Sign]] → Tajik Sign
| [[Central Asia]]
| [[Kharduri people|Kharduri]], [[Chagatai people|Chagatai]], with [[Tajiks#Location|significant populations]] in [[Tajiks of Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]], [[Tajiks in Pakistan|Pakistan]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Tallensi]]
| [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → [[Gur languages|Gur]] → [[Talni language|Talni]]
| [[Ghana]] ([[Tallensi Traditional Area]]), [[Burkina Faso]]
|
| [[Traditional African religions|Tallensi religion]]
|-
| [[Talysh people|Talysh]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Talysh language|Talysh]]
| [[Azerbaijan]], [[Iran]]
|
| Islam → [[Shia Islam]]
|-
| [[Tama people|Tama]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Taman languages|Taman]] → [[Tama language|Tama]]
| [[Chad]], Sudan
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Tamang people|Tamangs]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tibeto-Kanauri languages|Tibeto-Kanauri]] → [[Tamang language|Tamang]]
| [[Nepal]], India ([[Sikkim]])
| Waiba, Lopchan, Thokar, Lama
| [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Tamils]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[Tamiloid languages|Tamiloid]] → [[Tamil language|Tamil]]; [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malay trade and creole languages|Malay Creole]] → [[Malay Chetty creole language|Malay Chetty]]
| India ([[Tamil Nadu]]), Sri Lanka ([[Northern Province, Sri Lanka|Northern]] and [[Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|Eastern]] Provinces)
| [[Demographics of Tamil Nadu|Indian Tamils]] (including [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka]]),<ref group="note" name=TamilsSriLanka>The Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka are distinct subgroups. The former are descended from the Tamil community that has lived in Sri Lanka since at least the 2nd century BCE, while the latter are the descendants of 19th- and 20th-century immigrants from South India. Also, most of the Indian Tamil population lives in the country's central highland region, while the native Tamils typically live in the Northern and Eastern Provinces.</ref> [[Sri Lankan Tamils]] (including [[Negombo Tamils]]),<ref group=note name=TamilsSriLanka/> [[Chitty]], [[Giraavaru people|Giraavaru]], [[Ambattar]], along with [[Tamil diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Tamil Malaysians|Malaysia]], [[Tamil South Africans|South Africa]], [[Tamil Americans|the United States]], [[Singapore Tamils|Singapore]], [[Tamil Canadians|Canada]], the [[British Tamil|United Kingdom]], and [[Tamils in France|France]] (including [[Malbars]])
| [[Hinduism]], Islam, Christianity, [[Jainism]]
|-
| [[Tampuan people|Tampuans]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Bahnaric languages|Bahnaric]] → [[Tampuan language|Tampuan]]
| [[Cambodia]] ([[Ratanakiri province|Ratanakiri]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Tanana Athabaskans]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Upper Tanana language|Upper Tanana]], [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Lower Tanana language|Lower Tanana]], [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Tanacross language|Tanacross]]
| United States ([[Interior Alaska]]), Canada (Western [[Yukon]])
| [[Tanana Athabaskans#Lower Tanana|Lower Tanana]], [[Tanana Athabaskans#Middle Tanana|Middle Tanana]], [[Tanana Athabaskans#Tanacross|Tanacross]], [[Tanana Athabaskans#Upper Tanana|Upper Tanana]]
| Christianity, [[Shamanism]]<ref>Arthur E. Hippler 1974. [http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic27-1-53.pdf An Alaskan Athabascan technique for overcoming alcohol abuse]</ref>
|-
| [[Tao people|Tao]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Batanic languages|Batanic]] → [[Yami language|Tao]]
| Taiwan ([[Orchid Island]])
|
| Christianity, [[Anito|Anitism]]
|-
| [[Taos Pueblo|Taos]]
| [[Tanoan languages|Tanoan]] → [[Tiwa languages|Tiwa]] → [[Taos language|Taos]]
| United States ([[Taos Pueblo]])
| 
| [[Native American religion]], [[Native American Church]], Christianity
|-
| [[Tapayuna people|Tapayuna]]
| [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Jê]] → [[Jê languages|Jê]] → [[Tapayuna language|Tapayuna]]
| Brazil ([[Mato Grosso]])
|
| [[Ethnoreligion]]
|-
| [[Tarahumara]]
| [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] → [[Tarahumaran languages|Tarahumaran]] → [[Tarahumara language|Tarahumara]]
| Mexico ([[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]])
|
| [[Animism]], [[Peyotism]], Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Tarok people|Tarok]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Plateau languages|Plateau]] → [[Tarok language|Tarok]]
| Nigeria ([[Plateau State]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Tashons people|Tashons]]
| [[Sino–Tibetan languages|Sino–Tibetan]] → [[Kuki-Chin–Naga languages|Kuki-Chin–Naga]] → [[Falam language|Tashon]]
| Myanmar ([[Chin State]] ([[Falam Township]]))
| [[Falam, Myanmar|Falam]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Tausūg people|Tausūg]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Bisayan languages|Bisayan]] → [[Tausug language|Tausug]]
| Philippines ([[Sulu Archipelago]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Tboli people|Tboli]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Tboli language|Tboli]]
| Philippines ([[South Cotabato]])
|
| [[Anito|Anitism]]
|-
| [[Abdal people (West Asia)|Tebers]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Turkish language|Turkish]] → [[Abdal people (West Asia)#Language|Teberce]]
| Turkey, [[Syria]], [[Balkans]]
|
| Islam → [[Alevism]]
|-
| [[Tehuelche people|Tehuelche]]
| [[Chonan languages|Chonan]] → [[Tehuelche language|Tehuelche]], [[Araucanian languages|Araucanian]] → [[Mapuche language|Mapudungun]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| [[Argentina]] (eastern [[Patagonia]])
|
| [[Animism]], Christianity
|-
| [[Teke people|Teke]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Teke languages|Teke]]
| [[Republic of the Congo]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
|
| [[Traditional African religions]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=NDINGA MBO |first1=Abraham Constant |editor1-last=Obenga |editor1-first=Theophile |title=HISTOIRE GÉNÉRALE DU CONGO DES ORIGINES À NOS JOURS I. Méthodologie historique Genèse du Congo |date=2010 |publisher=L'Harmattan |pages=148–149 |language=French |chapter=LES PRELUDES HISTORIQUES : GENESES, MIGRATIONS, INSTALLATION DES PEUPLES}}</ref>
|-
| [[Telengits]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Southern Altai language|Southern Altai]] → [[Telengit language|Telengit]]
| Russia ([[Altai Republic]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Shamanism]], [[Burkhanism]]
|-
| [[Teleuts]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Southern Altai language|Southern Altai]] → [[Teleut language|Teleut]]
| Russia ([[Kemerovo Oblast]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Telugu people|Telugus]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → South-Central Dravidian → [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| India ([[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]])
| [[Reddy]], [[Velama]], [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu]], [[Raju]], [[Madiga]], [[Mala (caste)|Mala]], [[Kaikalas]], [[Adi Andhra]], [[Adi Jambava]], [[Vatuka]] (including [[Kamma (caste)|Kamma]], [[Balija]]s (including [[Gavara|Kavarais]]), [[Golla (caste)|Gollas]]), [[Telugus in Mumbai|Mumbai Telugus]], [[Sri Lankan Telugus]]
| [[Hinduism]], Islam, Christianity
|-
| [[Temne people|Temne]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Mel languages|Mel]] → [[Temne language|Temne]]
| [[Sierra Leone]] ([[Northern Province, Sierra Leone|Northern Sierra Leone]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Tepehuán]]
| [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] → [[Piman languages|Piman]] → [[Tepehuán language|Tepehuán]]
| Mexico ([[Durango]], [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]], [[Sinaloa]], [[Jalisco]], [[Zacatecas]], [[Nayarit]])
|
| Tepehuán Mythology, [[Shamanism]], [[Animism]], [[Peyotism]], Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Terena people|Terena]]
| [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]] → [[Terena language|Terena]]; [[Brazilian Sign Language|Brazilian Sign language]]; [[Terena Sign Language|Terena Sign language]]
| Brazil ([[Mato Grosso]], [[Mato Grosso do Sul]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[:id:Suku Ternate|Ternate]]
| [[West Papuan languages|West Papuan]] → [[North Halmahera languages|North Halmahera]] → [[Ternate language|Ternate]] 
| Indonesia ([[Ternate]])
| Tubo, Tobona, Tabanga, Toboleu, Ibu, Jailolo, Ternate-Portuguese
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]], [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Tewa]]
| [[Tanoan languages|Tanoan]] → [[Tewa language|Tewa]]
| United States (New Mexico)
| 
| Christianity, [[Pueblo religion]]
|-
| [[Thai people|Thais]]
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]] → [[Tai languages|Tai]] → [[Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Southern Thai language|Southern Thai]], [[Northern Thai language|Northern Thai]]
| Thailand 
| [[Southern Thailand|Southern Thai]], [[Khorat Thai|Khorat]], [[Northern Thai people|Lanna]], with [[Overseas Thai|signifiant populations]] in the [[Thai Americans|United States]]
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Buddhism in Thailand|Theravada Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Tharu people|Tharus]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Tharu languages|Tharu]]
| [[Terai]] ([[Nepal]], India)
| [[Kathariya Tharu|Kathariya]], [[Danwar language|Danuwar]], [[Lampucchwa Tharu|Lampucchwa]], [[Kochila Tharu|Kochila]], [[Sonha language|Sonha]], [[Dangaura]], [[Rana Tharu people|Rana]]
| [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]]
|-
| [[Tibetan people|Tibetans]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tibeto-Kanauri languages|Tibeto-Kanauri]] → [[Tibetic languages|Tibetic]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tibeto-Kanauri languages|Tibeto-Kanauri]] → [[Tshangla language|Tshangla]] → [[Pemako Tshangla dialect|Pemako Tshangla]], [[Tibetan Sign Language|Tibetan Sign]]
| China ([[Tibet]]), [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]] 
| [[Amdo]]lese (including [[Golok people|Golok]] and [[Tebbu people|Tebbu]]), [[Kham]]s, [[U-Tsang]] (including [[Ngari Prefecture|Ngari]] and [[Walung people|Walung]]), [[Mêdog County|Pemakopas]], [[Changpa]], [[Baima people|Baima]], [[Tibetan Muslims|Kachee]]
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[Bon]]
|-
| [[Ticuna]]
| [[Ticuna–Yuri languages|Ticuna–Yuri]] → [[Ticuna language|Ticuna]]
| Brazil ([[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Tidore people|Tidore]]
| [[West Papuan languages|West Papuan]] → [[North Halmahera languages|North Halmahera]] → [[Tidore language|Tidore]] 
| Indonesia ([[Tidore]])
| 
| Islam
|-
| [[Tigrayans]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Ethiopian Semitic languages|Ethiopic]] → [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]]
| [[Eritrea]] ([[Eritrean Highlands]]), Ethiopia ([[Tigray Region|Tigrayia]])
|
| Christianity → [[Oriental Orthodoxy]] → [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Tigre people|Tigre]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Ethiopian Semitic languages|Ethiopic]] → [[Tigre language|Tigre]]
| [[Eritrea]]
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Vlachs of Serbia|Timok Valley Vlachs]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Romanian language|Romanian]] → [[Romanian language in Serbia|Vlach]]; [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Shtokavian]] → [[Serbian language|Serbian]]
| Serbia ([[Timok Valley]], [[Belgrade]])
|
| Christianity → [[Serbian Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Tiv people|Tiv]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Tiv language|Tiv]]
| Nigeria ([[Benue State]]) 
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Tiwa (Lalung)|Tiwa]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Sal languages|Sal]] → [[Tiwa language (India)|Tiwa]]<ref name="Assam" group="note" />
| India ([[Assam]], [[Meghalaya]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Tiwi people|Tiwi]]
| [[Tiwi language|Tiwi]]
| Australia ([[Tiwi Islands]])
|
| [[Dreamtime|Alcheringa]]
|-
| [[Tlapanec people|Tlapanec]]
| [[Oto-Manguean languages|Oto-Manguean]] → [[Tlapanec language|Tlapanec]]
| [[Mexico]] ([[Guerrero]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Tlicho]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Dogrib language|Tlicho]]
| Canada ([[Northwest Territories]])
|
| Christianity, [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Tlingit]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Tlingit language|Tlingit]]
| Canada ([[British Columbia]], [[Yukon Territory]]), United States (Alaska, [[Washington (state)|Washington]])
|
| [[Alaska Native religion]]
|-
| [[Tobati people|Tobati]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[North New Guinea languages|North New Guinea]] → [[Tobati language|Tobati]]
| Indonesia ([[Jayapura]])
|
| Christianity, Islam
|-
| [[Tobelo people|Tobelo]]
| [[West Papuan languages|West Papuan]] → [[North Halmahera languages|North Halmahera]] → [[Tobelo language|Tobelo]] 
| Indonesia ([[North Halmahera Regency|North Halmahera]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]], [[Animism]], Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Micronesians#Tobian people|Tobians]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Micronesian languages|Micronesian]] → [[Tobian language|Tobian]]
| [[Palau]] ([[Hatohobei]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Tofalar]]s
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → [[Tofa language|Tofa]]
| Russia ([[Tofalariya]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Tokelauan people|Tokelauans]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Tokelauan language|Tokelauan]]
| [[Tokelau]] 
|
| Christianity → [[Congregationalism]]
|-
| [[Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)|Tonga]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)|Tonga]]
| [[Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]]
|
| [[Traditional African Religion]]
|-
| [[Demographics of Tonga|Tongans]] 
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Tongan language|Tongan]] 
| [[Tonga]]
| [[Tongans in Hawaii|Tongan Hawaiians]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Tooro people|Tooro]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Tooro language|Tooro]]
| [[Uganda]] ([[Tooro Kingdom]])
| Abagweri, Abasingo, Abahinda, Ababiito, Abasumbi, Abayaga, Ababwiju, Abasiita, Abasambo, Ababoopi, Ababwooro, Abagaya, Abalebeki, Abango, Abagimu, Abarungu, Abanyakyoozi, Abasoigi<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kaji|first=Shigeki|url=http://archive.org/details/rutoorovocabular10kaji|title=A Rutooro Vocabulary|date=2007|publisher=アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所|others=PanLex Project The Long Now Foundation|isbn=978-4-87297-890-2|pages=190–196}}</ref>
| Christianity, [[Ruhanga]]
|-
| [[Toraja]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[South Sulawesi languages|South Sulawesi]] → [[Toraja-Saʼdan language|Toraja]]
| Indonesia ([[Tana Toraja Regency|Tana Toraja]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Torres Strait Islanders]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Kalaw Lagaw Ya]], [[Eastern Trans-Fly languages|Eastern Trans-Fly]] → [[Meriam language|Meriam]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Torres Strait Creole]]
| Australia ([[Torres Strait Islands]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Totonac]]
| [[Totonac languages|Totonac]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Mexico ([[Veracruz]], [[Puebla]], [[Hidalgo (state)|Hidalgo]])
|
| Christianity, [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Toubou people|Toubou]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Saharan languages|Saharan]] → [[Tebu languages|Tebu]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Tibesti Mountains|Toubouland]] ([[Chad]], [[Niger]], Sudan, [[Libya]])
| [[Daza language|Daza]], [[Teda language|Teda]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Toucouleur people|Toucouleur]]
| [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → [[Senegambian languages|Senegambian]] → [[Pulaar language|Pulaar]]
| [[Senegal]] ([[Futa Tooro]])
|
| Islam
|-
| [[Mankiyali language|Trawara]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Dardic languages|Dardic]] → [[Mankiyali language|Mankiyali]]
| Pakistan ([[Danna, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]])
|
| Islam<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/5eedff65f4b0b95c2a3059880e3cd428/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=105703 | title=A First Look at Mankiyali Language: An Endangered Language | website=[[ProQuest]] }}</ref>
|-
| [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Sal languages|Sal]] → [[Kokborok]]
| India ([[Tripura]])
| [[Jamatia]], [[Murasing]]
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Trumai people|Trumai]]
| [[Trumai language|Trumai]]
| Brazil ([[Mato Grosso]])
| 
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Tsakhur people|Tsakhurs]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Lezgic languages|Lezgic]] → [[Tsakhur language|Tsakhur]]
| Russia ([[Rutulsky District]]), [[Azerbaijan]] ([[Zagatala District|Zagatala]] and [[Qakh District|Qakh]] districts)
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/tsakhurs.shtml|title=The Tsakhurs|access-date=28 July 2023|website=[[The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615120039/https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/tsakhurs.shtml|archive-date=15 June 2023|url-status=live|publisher=[[Institute of the Estonian Language]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tsez people|Tsez]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Tsezic languages|Tsezic]] → [[Tsez language|Tsez]]
| Russia ([[Tsuntinsky District]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Tsimané people|Tsimané]]
| [[Macro-Panoan languages|Macro-Panoan]] → [[Moseten–Chonan languages|Moseten–Chonan]] → [[Chimane language|Tsimané]]
| [[Bolivia]] ([[Beni Department|Beni]])
| Mosetén
| [[Ethnic religion|Traditional tribal religion]]<ref name=ethno>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=cas "Tsimané."] ''Ethnologue.'' Retrieved 22 Feb 2012.</ref>
|-
| [[Tsimshian]]
| [[Tsimshianic languages|Tsimshianic]] → Maritime Tsimshianic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Canada ([[British Columbia]]), United States (Alaska)
| [[Kitasoo]], [[Gitga'ata people|Gitga'ata]], [[Kitkatla]], [[Kitsumkalum]], [[Kitselas]], [[Ginadoiks]], [[Ginaxangiik]], [[Gispaxlo'ots]], [[Gitando]], [[Gitlaan]], [[Gits'iis]], [[Gitwilgyoots]], [[Gitzaxłaał]], [[Giluts'aaw]]
| [[Alaskan Native religion]]
|-
| [[Tsonga people|Tsonga]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]]
| [[Mozambique]] ([[Maputo]] City and [[Province|Maputo Province]], [[Gaza Province]]), South Africa ([[Limpopo]], [[Mpumalanga]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Tsuut'ina Nation|Tsuut'ina]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Tsuut'ina language|Tsuut'ina]]
| Canada ([[Alberta]])
|
| Christianity, [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Tswana people|Tswana]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Tswana language|Tswana]]
| [[Botswana]], South Africa ([[North West (South African province)|South Tswanaland]])
| [[Balete people|Balete]], [[Mangwato tribe|Mangwato]], [[Bangwaketse]], [[Bakwena]], [[Batlokwa]], [[Bahurutshe]], [[Bakgatla]], [[Rolong tribe|Rolong]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Tuamotus#Demographics|Tuamotuans]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Tuamotuan language|Tuamotuan]]
| France ([[Tuamotus]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Tujia people|Tujia]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tujia language|Tujia]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">Due to the widespread presence of Chinese, the majority of Tujia only have a passive knowledge of their language.</ref>
| China ([[Wuling Mountains]])
|
| [[Nuo folk religion]]
|-
| [[Tulu people|Tuluvas]]
| [[Tulu language|Tulu]]
| India ([[Karnataka]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Tumbuka people|Tumbuka]]
| [[Niger-Congo languages|Niger-Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Tumbuka language|Tumbuka]]
| [[Malawi]], [[Zambia]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zimbabwe]]
| [[Senga people|Senga]], Henga, [[Yombe people (Zambia)|Yombe]], Phoka, [[Tonga people (Malawi)|Tonga]]
| Christianity, [[Tumbuka mythology]]
|-
| [[Tunica-Biloxi]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[French language|French]];<ref name=BRAINTUNICA>{{Cite book|title=The Tunica-Biloxi|author=Jeffrey P. Brain and Frank W. Porter|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|year=1990|isbn=978-1555467319|page=[https://archive.org/details/tunicabiloxi00brai/page/93 93]|url=https://archive.org/details/tunicabiloxi00brai/page/93}}</ref> [[Tunica language]]; historically [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] → [[Ohio Valley Siouan languages|Ohio Valley Siouan]] → [[Biloxi language|Biloxi]]
| United States ([[Tunica-Biloxi|Tunica-Biloxi Indian Reservation]])
| [[Biloxi people|Biloxi]], [[Tunica people|Tunica]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]], [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]; [[Native American religion]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2017-01-17|title=Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs|url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2017-01-17/pdf/2017-00912.pdf|journal=Federal Register|volume=82|issue=10|pages=4915–4920}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tupuri people|Tupuri]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Adamawa languages|Adamawa]] → [[Tupuri language|Tupuri]]
| [[Cameroon]] ([[Far North Region, Cameroon|Far North Region]]), [[Chad]] ([[Mayo-Kebbi (prefecture)|Mayo-Kebbi]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Turkana people|Turkana]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] → [[Turkana language|Turkana]]
| [[Kenya]] ([[Turkana County|Turkanaland]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Turkmens]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]], [[Azerbaijani language#South Azerbaijani|South Azerbaijani]], [[Afshar dialect|Afshar]]
| [[Turkmenistan]], [[Iran]] ([[Turkmen Sahra]]), Afghanistan
| [[Teke (tribe)|Teke]], [[Yomut]], [[Bayandur (tribe)|Bayandur]], [[Afshar people|Afshar]], [[Ersari]], [[Chowdur]], [[Saryk]], [[Bayat (tribe)|Bayats]], [[Kayı (tribe)|Kayıs]], [[Iranian Turkmens]], [[Afghan Turkmens]], with significant populations in [[Turkmen in Pakistan|Pakistan]], [[Turkmens#Turkmens of Stavropol krai' of Russia|Russia]], the [[Central Asians in the United Kingdom#Turkmens|United Kingdom]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Turkish people|Turks]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] → [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Balkan Gagauz language|Rumelian Turkish]]; [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] → [[Balkan Romani]] → [[Rumelian Romani]]; [[Turkish Sign Language|Turkish Sign]]
| [[West Asia]], the [[Caucasus]], [[Eastern Europe]], and [[Southeast Europe]]
| Turkish Turks (includes the [[Barak (tribe)|Baraks]], [[Manavs]], [[Elbegli]], [[Tahtacı]], and other Anatolian [[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Turkoman]] tribes), [[Turkish Cypriots]] (including [[Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus|Mainland Turks]]), [[Meskhetian Turks]], [[Iraqi Turkmen]], [[Syrian Turkmen]], [[Lebanese Turkmen]], [[Turks in Jordan|Jordanian Turkmen]], [[Turks in the Balkans|Rumelian Turks]] (including [[Turks in Kosovo|Kosovoan Turks]], [[Turks of the Dodecanese|Dodecanese Turks]], [[Turks of Western Thrace|Western Thracian Turks]], [[Bulgarian Turks]] (including [[Bulgarian Turks in Turkey|in Turkey]]), [[Turks of Romania|Dobrujan Turks]], [[Turks in North Macedonia|Macedonian Turks]], [[Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian Turks]], [[Turks in Croatia|Croatia]], [[Turks in Serbia|Serbian Turks]], [[Turks in Montenegro|Montenegrin Turks]]), [[Yörüks]], [[Amuca tribe|Amuca]], [[Turkish Roma]], along with [[Turkish diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Turks in Germany|Germany]], [[Turks in France|France]], the [[British Turks|United Kingdom]], [[Turks in the Netherlands|the Netherlands]], [[Turks in Austria|Austria]], [[Turks in Belgium|Belgium]], [[Turks in Sweden|Sweden]], the [[Turkish Americans|United States]], [[Turks in Egypt|Egypt]], [[Turks in Qatar|Qatar]], [[Israeli Turkmen|Israel]], and [[Turks in Palestine|Palestine]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]], [[Alevism]]
|-
| [[Tuscarora people|Tuscarora]]
| [[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]] → Northern Iroquoian → [[Tuscarora language|Tuscarora]]
| Canada ([[Ontario]]), United States ([[New York (state)|New York]], North Carolina)
|
| [[Longhouse Religion]], Christianity<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.point2homes.com/US/Neighborhood/NY/Niagara-County/Tuscarora-Nation-Demographics.html|title=Tuscarora Nation Demographics & Statistics — Employment, Education, Income Averages, Crime in Tuscarora Nation — Point2 Homes|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tutchones]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Tutchone language|Tutchone]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Canada ([[Yukon Territory]])
| [[Northern Tutchone]]s, [[Southern Tutchone]]s
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Tutejszy]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[East Slavic languages|East Slavic]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Baltic languages|Baltic]] → [[Eastern Baltic languages|Eastern Baltic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Poland, [[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]], [[Lithuania]], [[Latvia]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Tutsi]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Great Lakes Bantu languages|Great Lakes]] → [[Rwanda-Rundi]]<ref name="Hutu, Tutsi, Twa" group="note" />
| [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ([[Kivu]])
| [[Banyamulenge]]
| Christianity, Islam
|-
| [[Demographics of Tuvalu|Tuvaluans]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Tuvaluan language|Tuvaluan]]
| [[Tuvalu]]
| 
| Christianity
|-
| [[Tuvans]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → Steppe Sayan Turkic → [[Tuvan language|Tuvan]]; [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Tozhu Tuvan, Tere-Khöl Tuvan
| Russia ([[Tuva]]), [[Mongolia]] ([[Khovsgol Province]])
| [[Tozhu Tuvans]]
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]]
|- id=U
| [[Udege people|Udeges]]
| [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] → [[Udegheic languages|Udegheic]] → [[Udege language|Udege]]
| Russia ([[Khabarovsk Krai]], [[Primorsky Krai]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Udi people|Udis]]
| [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] → [[Lezgic languages|Lezgic]] → [[Udi language|Udi]]
| The [[Caucasus]], Russia, [[Ukraine]]
| 
| Christianity → [[Albanian-Udi Church|Oriental Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Udmurt people|Udmurts]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Permic languages|Permic]] → [[Udmurt language|Udmurt]]
| Russia ([[Udmurtia]])
| [[Besermyan]]
| Christianity → [[Russian Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Ukrainians]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Surzhyk]], [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russian]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → Austro-Hungarian Sign → [[Ukrainian Sign Language|Ukrainian Sign]]
| [[Ukraine]], [[Transcarpathia]] ([[Slovakia]], Poland), [[Belarus]] ([[Beresteishchyna]])
| [[Cossacks]], [[Litvin#Ethnic group in Ukraine|Litvins]], [[:uk:Пінчуки|Pinchuks]], [[Afro-Ukrainians]], [[Podolyans]], along with [[Ukrainian diaspora|significant populations]] in [[Ukrainian Americans|the United States]], [[Ukrainians in Mexico|Mexico]], [[Ukrainian Brazilians|Brazil]], [[Ukrainians in Paraguay|Paraguay]], [[Ukrainian Uruguayans|Uruguay]], [[Ukrainian Venezuelans|Venezuela]], [[Ukrainians in France|France]], [[Ukrainians in Portugal|Portugal]], [[Ukrainian New Zealanders|New Zealand]], [[Ukrainian Australians|Australia]], [[Ukrainians in Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]], [[Ukrainians in Germany|Germany]], [[Ukrainian Canadians|Canada]], [[Ukrainians in Italy|Italy]], [[Ukrainian Argentines|Argentina]], the [[Ukrainians in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]], [[Ukrainians in Hungary|Hungary]], [[Ukrainians in Poland|Poland]], [[Ukrainians in Lithuania|Lithuania]], [[Ukrainians in Russia|Russia]] (including [[Ukrainians in Kuban|Kuban]] and [[Ukrainians in Siberia|Siberia]]), [[Ukrainians in Belarus|Belarus]], [[Ukrainians in Slovakia|Slovakia]], [[Ukrainians in Moldova|Moldova]], [[Ukrainians in Armenia|Armenia]], [[Ukrainians in Estonia|Estonia]], [[Ukrainians in Finland|Finland]], [[Ukrainians in Italy|Italy]], [[Ukrainians in Serbia|Serbia]], [[Ukrainians in Sweden|Sweden]], the [[Ukrainians in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], and [[Ukrainians of Romania|Romania]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], Christianity → [[Catholicism]] → [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ukrainian Greek Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Ulch people|Ulchi]]
| [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] → Southern Tungusic → [[Ulch language|Ulch]]
| Russia ([[Ulchsky District]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Ulster Protestants]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Scots language|Scots]] → [[Ulster Scots dialect|Ulster Scots]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Ulster English]], [[BANZSL]] → [[British Sign Language|British Sign]]
| [[Ulster]] (United Kingdom, [[Republic of Ireland]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Umatilla people|Umatilla]]
| [[Plateau Penutian languages|Plateau Penutian]] → [[Sahaptian languages|Sahaptian]] → [[Umatilla language|Umatilla]]
| United States (Oregon)
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Upper Kuskokwim people|Upper Kuskokwim]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Upper Kuskokwim language|Upper Kuskokwim]]
| United States ([[Interior Alaska]])
|
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Urak Lawoi]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] → [[Urak Lawoi language|Urak Lawoi]]
| Thailand ([[Phuket province|Phuket]])
| 
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Theravada]] Buddhism
|-
| [[Urhobo people|Urhobos]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Edoid languages|Edoid]] → [[Urhobo language|Urhobo]] 
| Nigeria ([[Delta State]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Ute people|Ute]]
| [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] → [[Numic languages|Numic]] → [[Colorado River Numic]] → [[Ute dialect|Ute]]
| United States (Colorado, Utah)
| 
| [[Native American Church]], Christianity
|-
| [[Uyghurs]] 
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Karluk languages|Karluk]] → [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]], [[Tor Uyghurs#Language|Tor Uyghur]]
| China ([[East Turkestan|Uyghuristan]]), [[Central Asia]]
| [[Kashgartsy]], [[Chantuu]], [[Lop dialect|Lops]], [[Tor Uyghurs]], with significant populations in [[Uyghurs in Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]], [[Uyghurs in Pakistan|Pakistan]], [[Uyghurs in Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyzstan]], [[Uyghurs in Turkey|Turkey]], the [[Uyghur Americans|United States]]
| Islam → [[Islam in China|Sunni Islam]] 
|-
| [[Uzbeks]] 
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Karluk languages|Karluk]] → [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Uzbekistan]], Afghanistan
| Ming, Yuzi, Kyrk, [[Karategin Uzbeks]], [[Uzbeks#Uzbek diaspora|Significant populations]] in [[Uzbeks in Russia|Russia]], [[Uzbeks in Pakistan|Pakistan]], [[Uzbek Canadians|Canada]], the [[Uzbek Americans|United States]], and [[Uzbeks in Turkey|Turkey]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|- id=V
| [[Valencians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Catalan language|Catalan]] → [[Valencian language|Valencian]]; [[Catalan Sign Language|LSCic]] → [[Valencian Sign Language|Valencian Sign]]
| Spain ([[Valencian Community]], [[Carche]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vangdata/20150402/54429637154/interactivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html|title=Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España|date=2 April 2015|access-date=28 May 2023|website=[[La Vanguardia]]|last=Nafría|first=Ismael|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404024037/www.lavanguardia.com/vangdata/20150402/54429637154/interactivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html|archive-date=4 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Van Baoria]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]] → [[Shekhawati language|Shekhawati]]
| India ([[Rajasthan]])
| Vad Gujar, Param Veldo, Meowoti, Chandia, Gelot
| [[Hinduism]]
|-
| [[Vaqueiros de Alzada]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Asturleonese language|Asturleonese]]
| Spain ([[Asturias]], [[Province of Leon]])
|
| Christianity and [[Ethnic religion|traditional folk religion]] → [[Folk Catholicism]] → [[Vaqueiros de alzada#Religion|Vaqueiro religion]]
|-
| [[Vedda]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]-based creole → [[Vedda language|Vedda]]
| Sri Lanka
| [[Coast Veddas]], [[Anuradhapura Veddas]], Bintenne Veddas
| [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Venda people|Venda]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Venda language|Tshivenda]]
| South Africa ([[Vhembe District Municipality|Vendaland]])
|
| Christianity, [[Traditional African religions]]
|-
| [[Vepsians]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Finnic languages|Finnic]] → [[Veps language|Veps]]
| Russia (Former [[Veps National Volost]]; [[Vytegorsky District|Vytegorsky]], [[Babayevsky District|Babayevsky]], [[Podporozhsky District|Podporozhsky]], [[Lodeynopolsky District|Lodeynopolsky]], [[Tikhvinsky District|Tikhvinsky]], and [[Boksitogorsky District|Boksitogorsky]] districts)
| [[Ludic language|Ludi]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] → [[Russian Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Vietnamese people|Viets]]/[[Kinh people|Kinh]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Vietic languages|Vietic]] → [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]; [[Vietnamese sign languages]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Vietnam]]
| [[Muong people|Muong]], [[Gin people|Gin]], [[Tay people|Phen]], [[Chứt people|Chứt]], [[Thổ people|Thổ]], [[Nung people|Nung]], [[Giay people|Giay]], along with [[Overseas Vietnamese|significant populations]] in the [[Vietnamese Americans|United States]], [[Vietnamese Cambodians|Cambodia]], [[Vietnamese people in France|France]], [[Vietnamese Australians|Australia]], [[Vietnamese Canadians|Canada]], [[Vietnamese in Taiwan|Taiwan]], [[Vietnamese people in Japan|Japan]], [[Vietnamese people in Korea|Korea]], [[Vietnamese people in Germany|Germany]], [[Vietnamese people in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]], and [[Vietnamese people in Laos|Laos]]
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Mahayana]]; [[Vietnamese folk religion]]; [[Caodaism]]; [[Hoa Hao]]
|-
| [[Vilamovians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Wymysorys language|Wymysorys]]<ref name="Polonization" group="note">Due to policies of [[polonization]] implemented after World War II, the majority of Vilamovians can only speak Polish.</ref>
| Poland ([[Wilamowice]])
|
| Christianity → [[Roman Catholicism|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Visayans]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] → [[Bisayan languages|Bisayan]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Philippines ([[Visayas]])
| [[Aklanon people|Aklanon]], [[Butuanon people|Butuanon]], [[Cebuano people|Cebuano]] (including [[Boholano people|Boholano]] and [[Eskaya people|Eskaya]]), [[Caluyanon language|Caluyanon]], [[Capiznon people|Capiznon]], [[Cuyunon people|Cuyunon]], [[Hiligaynon people|Hiligaynon]], [[Karay-a people|Karay-a]], [[Masbateno people|Masbatenos]], [[Negrenses]], [[Porohanon people|Porohanon]], [[Romblomanon people|Romblomanon]] (including [[Banton, Romblon|Bantoanons]]), [[Waray people|Waray]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Volga Tatars]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] → [[Tatar language#Dialects|Central Tatar]], [[Mishar Tatar dialect|Mishar Tatar]]<ref name="Volga Tatar dialects" group="note">While they are commonly subsumed into one [[Volga Tatar language]], the central dialects belong to Kipchak-Bulgar while the Mishar dialects may belong to Kipchak-Cuman.</ref>
| Russia ([[Volga Federal District]])
| [[Astrakhan Tatars]], [[Mishar Tatars]] (including [[Finnish Tatars]]), Kasimov Tatars, Kazan Tatars, [[Kryashens]], [[Nagaybaks]], Nukrat Tatars, Perm Tatars, Teptyars
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Votians]]
| [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] → [[Finnic languages|Finnic]] → [[Votic language|Votic]]
| Russia ([[Ingria]]), [[Estonia]] ([[Ida-Viru County|Ida-Viru]]), [[Latvia]] ([[Bauska]])
| [[Kreevins]], [[Poluverniki]], [[Kukkuzi dialect|Kukkuzi]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Lutheranism]]
|- id=W
| [[Wa people|Wa]]
| [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] → [[Palaungic languages|Palaungic]] → [[Wa language|Wa]]
| [[Myanmar]] ([[Wa State]])
|
| [[Buddhism]], [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Wakhi people|Wakhi]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Wakhi language|Wakhi]]
| Afghanistan, [[Tajikistan]], Pakistan, China
|
| Islam → [[Shia Islam]] → [[Isma'ilism]] → [[Nizari Isma'ilism]]
|-
| [[Walla Walla people|Walla Walla]]
| [[Plateau Penutian languages|Plateau Penutian]] → [[Sahaptin language|Sahaptin]] → Walla Walla
| United States (Oregon, [[Washington (state)|Washington]])
|
| [[Native American religions#Waashat Religion|Waashat Religion]]
|-
| [[Wallis (island)|Wallisians]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian]] → [[Wallisian]]
| France ([[Wallis and Futuna]])
| 
| Christianity
|-
| [[Walloons]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Walloon language|Walloon]], [[Picard language|Picard]], [[French language|French]] → [[Belgian French]]; [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] → Belgian Sign → [[French Belgian Sign Language|French Belgian Sign]]
| Belgium ([[Wallonia]], adjacent regions of [[Flanders]]), France ([[Nord-Pas-de-Calais]], [[Ardennes (department)|Ardennes]]), Netherlands ([[Limburg (Netherlands)|Dutch Limburg]]), Germany, [[Luxembourg]]
| Significant populations in the United States (including [[Wisconsin Walloon|Wisconsin]]) and the [[Walloons in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Wampanoag]]
| [[Algic languages|Algic]] → [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] → [[Massachusett language|Wampanoag]]
| United States ([[Massachusetts]])
| [[Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe]], [[Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)]]
| [[Native American religion]], Christianity
|-
| [[Warlpiri people|Warlpiris]]
| [[Pama–Nyungan languages|Pama–Nyungan]] → [[Ngumpin–Yapa languages|Ngumpin–Yapa]] → [[Warlpiri language|Warlpiri]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] and [[Pama–Nyungan languages|Pama–Nyungan]] → [[Warlpiri language|Warlpiri]] and [[Australian Kriol]] → [[Light Warlpiri]]
| Australia ([[Northern Territory]])
|
| [[The Dreaming|Dreamtime]]
|-
| [[Waropen people|Waropen]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages|South Halmahera–West New Guinea]] → [[Waropen language|Waropen]]
| Indonesia ([[Waropen Regency]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Washoe people|Washoe]]
| [[Washo language|Washo]]<ref group="note">Due to a history of [[Cultural assimilation of Native Americans|forced assimilation]] by the American government, the majority can only speak [[American English|English]].</ref>
| United States ([[California]], [[Nevada]])
|
| [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Wassamasaw Tribe of Varnertown Indians|Wassamasaw]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[American English]]
| United States ([[Berkeley County, South Carolina]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Baptists|Baptism]]<ref name="open">{{cite web |title=Wassamaw Tribe of Varnertown Indians |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_sc/49893 |website=OpenCorporates |access-date=10 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
| [[Waxiang people|Waxiang]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Sinitic languages|Sinitic]] → [[Waxiang Chinese]]
| China ([[Hunan]])
|
| [[Chinese folk religion]]
|-
| [[Wayuu people|Wayuu]]
| [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]] → [[Wayuu language|Wayuunaiki]]
| [[Indigenous peoples in Colombia|Colombia]] ([[La Guajira Department|La Guajira]]), [[Venezuela]]
|
| [[Ethnic religion]], Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Welayta people|Welayta]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Omotic languages|Omotic]] → [[Wolaitta language|Wolaitta]]
| Ethiopia ([[Wolayita Zone|Wolayitia]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[P'ent'ay]]
|-
| [[Welsh people|Welsh]] 
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] → [[Welsh language|Welsh]];<ref name="Celts" group="note" /> [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[Welsh English]]; [[BANZSL]] → [[British Sign Language|British Sign]]
| United Kingdom ([[Wales]])
| Significant populations in [[Y Wladfa|Argentina]], the [[Welsh Americans|United States]], [[Welsh Canadians|Canada]], and [[Welsh Australians|Australia]]
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Wichita people|Wichita]]
| [[Caddoan languages|Caddoan]] → [[Wichita language|Wichita]]<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
| United States ([[Oklahoma]]; formerly [[Kansas]], [[Texas]])
|
| [[Native American Church]], Christianity, [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Wiradjuri]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Wiradhuric languages|Wiradhuric]] → [[Wiradjuri language|Wiradjuri]]
| Australia ([[New South Wales]])
|
| [[Dreamtime]]
|-
| [[Wolane people|Wolane]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] → [[Ethiopian Semitic languages|Ethiopic]] → [[Siltʼe language|Wolane]]
| Ethiopia ([[Gurage Zone|Gurage]])
|
| Islam<ref>{{cite web |title=Wolane in Ethiopia |url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/19814/ET |website=Joshua Project}}</ref>
|-
| [[Wolof people|Wolof]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Atlantic languages|Atlantic]] → [[Senegambian languages|Senegambian]] → [[Wolof language|Wolof]]
| [[Senegambia]] ([[Senegal]], [[The Gambia]])
| [[Lebu people|Lebu]]
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]] → [[Sufism]] → [[Mouride]]
|-
| [[Worrorra]]
| [[Worrorran languages|Worrorran]] → [[Worrorra language|Worrrorra]]
| Australia ([[Western Australia]])
|
| [[Dreamtime]]
|-
| [[Wunambal]]
| [[Worrorran languages|Worrorran]] → [[Wunambal language|Wunambal]]
| Australia ([[Western Australia]])
|
| [[Dreamtime]]
|-
| [[Wuikinuxv]]
| [[Wakashan languages|Wakashan]] → Northern Wakashan → [[Heiltsuk–Oowekyala language|Heiltsuk–Oowekyala]] → [[Oowekyala]]
| Canada ([[British Columbia]])
| 
| [[Native American religion]]
|- id=X
| [[Xavante]]
| [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Je]] → [[Jê languages|Je]] → [[Xavante language|Xavante]]
| Brazil ([[Mato Grosso]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Xerente]]
| [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Je]] → [[Jê languages|Je]] → [[Xerente language|Xerente]]
| Brazil ([[Tocantins]])
|
| Christianity and [[Ethnic religion|traditional folk religion]] → [[Folk Catholicism]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Oliveira Reis|first=Francisco|url=http://biblioteca.funai.gov.br/media/pdf/TESES/MFN-14163.pdf|title=Aspectos do contato e formas sócioculturais da sociedade Akwen-Xerente (Jê)|publisher=University of Brasil|year=2001|trans-title=Aspects of contact and socio-cultural forms of the Akwen-Xerente (Jê) society}}</ref>
|-
| [[Xhosa people|Xhosa]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Nguni languages|Nguni]] → [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| South Africa ([[Eastern Cape|Xhosaland]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Xinca people|Xinca]]
| [[Xincan languages|Xincan]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Guatemala]]
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]; [[Native American religion]]
|-
| [[Xokleng]]
| [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Je]] → [[Jê languages|Je]] → [[Xokleng language|Xokleng]]
| Brazil ([[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]<ref name=WiikF>{{cite web |last=Wiik |first=Flavio |date=March 26, 2018 |title=Xokleng - Indigenous Peoples in Brazil |url=https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Xokleng |access-date=June 20, 2024 |website=Indigenous Peoples in Brazil}}</ref>
|- id=Y
| [[Yaghnobis]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] → [[Yaghnobi language|Yaghnobi]], [[Tajik language|Tajik]]
| [[Tajikistan]] ([[Sughd Region]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Yahgan people|Yahgan]]
| [[Yahgan language|Yahgan]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| [[Tierra del Fuego]] ([[Argentina]], [[Chile]])
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]]
|-
| [[Yakan people|Yakan]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Barito languages|Barito]] → [[Yakan language|Yakan]]
| Philippines ([[Basilan]])
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Yako people|Yako]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Cross River languages|Cross River]] → [[Yako language|Yako]]
| Nigeria ([[Yakurr Local Government]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Yakuts]] 
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian]] → [[Yakut language|Yakut]] 
| Russia ([[Sakha Republic|Yakutia]])
|
| Christianity → [[Russian Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
| [[Yali people|Yali]]
| [[Trans-New Guinea]] → [[Yali language|Yali]]
| Indonesia ([[Baliem Valley]])
|
| Christianity, [[Animism]]
|-
| [[Yanomami]]
| [[Yanomaman languages|Yanomaman]]
| Southeastern [[Venezuela]], and northern Brazil
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Yao people (East Africa)|Yao]] 
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Yao language|Yao]]
| [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], Tanzania ([[Ruvuma Region|Ruvuma]] and [[Mtwara Region|Mtwara]] Regions)
|
| Islam and [[Animism]] → [[Folk religion#Folk Islam|Yao Folk Islam]]
|-
| [[Yapese people|Yapese]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Oceanic languages|Oceanic]] → [[Yapese language|Yapese]]
| [[Federated States of Micronesia]] ([[Yap]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[Yaqui people|Yaqui]]
| [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] → [[Cahitan languages|Cahitan]] → [[Yaqui language|Yaqui]]
| [[Mexico]] ([[Sonora]]), [[United States]] ([[Arizona]])
|
| [[Peyotism]], Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Yellowknives]]
| [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]] → [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]] → [[Chipewyan language|Chipewyan]]
| Canada ([[Northwest Territories]])
|
| Christianity
|-
|-
| [[Yenish people|Yenish]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[Yenish language|Yenish]]
| Germany, Austria, [[Switzerland]], [[Luxembourg]], Belgium, and France
|
| Christianity, Judaism
|-
| [[Yerukala people|Yerukala]]
| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] → [[South Dravidian languages|South Dravidian I]] → [[Yerukala language|Yerukala]]
| India ([[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]])
|
| [[Hinduism]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Primitive tribes in contemporary India: concept, ethnography and demography|volume=2|editor-first=Sarit Kumar|editor-last=Chaudhuri|editor2-first=Sucheta Sen|editor2-last=Chaudhuri|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=2005|ISBN=81-8324-026-7|pages=263}}</ref>
|-
| [[Yi people|Yi]] 
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Loloish languages|Loloish]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| China ([[Yunnan]], [[Sichuan]], [[Guizhou]], [[Guangxi]])<ref name="non-contiguous" group="note" />
| [[Phu La people|Phu La]], [[Azha language|Azha]]
| [[Bimoism]]
|-
| [[Yoa-Lokpa people|Yoa-Lokpa]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Gur languages|Gur]] → [[Oti–Volta languages|Oti–Volta]] → [[Yom language|Yom]], [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Gur languages|Gur]] → [[Gurunsi languages|Gurunsi]] → [[Lukpa language|Lukpa]]
| [[Benin]] ([[Donga Department]])
|
| [[Ethnic religion]]<ref name=enc>Toyin Falola, Daniel Jean-Jacques (2016). [https://books.google.com/books?id=YjoVCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52 ''Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society''], volume 1. Santa Barbara, California; Denver, Colorado: ABC-CLIO. {{isbn|9781786844576}}.</ref>
|-
| [[Yolŋu]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Yolŋu languages|Yolŋu]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Australia ([[Arnhem Land|Miwatj]])
| [[Australian Aboriginal kinship|Dhuwa]] ([[Rirratjingu]], [[Galpu]], [[Djambarrpuyngu]], Golumala, Marrakulu, Marrangu, Djapu, Datiwuy, Ngaymil, Djarrwark), [[Australian Aboriginal kinship|Yirritja]] (Gumatj, Gupapuyngu, Wangurri, Ritharrngu, Mangalili, Munyuku, Madarrpa, Warramiri, Dhalwangu, Liyalanmirri)
| [[Dreamtime|Alcheringa]]
|-
| [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]]
| [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] → [[Yoruboid languages|Yoruboid]] → [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]; [[Yoruba Sign Language|Yoruba Sign]]
| [[Yorubaland]] (Nigeria, [[Benin]], [[Togo]])
| [[Ijesha]], [[Egba people|Egba]], [[Yewa clan|Yewa]], [[Igbomina]], [[Awori people|Awori]], [[Akoko]], [[Okun people|Okun]], [[Ana people|Ana]], [[Ekiti people|Ekiti]], [[Ilaje]], [[Ijebu people|Ijebu]], Oyo, Ondo, Ife, [[Nagos]], with significant populations in the [[Yoruba Americans|United States]] and [[Yoruba Canadians|Canada]]
| Islam, Christianity, [[Yoruba religion]]
|-
| [[Yuchi]]
| [[Yuchi language]]
| United States (Tennessee, Alabama, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], South Carolina)<ref name="Trail of Tears" group="note" />
|
| Christianity → [[Protestantism]] → [[Methodism]]; [[Stomp Dance]]; [[Native American Church]]<ref name=ohs>Jackson, Jason Baird. [https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=YU001 "Yuchi (Euchee)."] ''Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.'' Retrieved 19 January 2019.</ref>
|-
| [[Yugambeh people|Yugambeh]]
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] → [[Bandjalangic languages|Bandjalangic]] → [[Yugambeh language|Yugambeh]]
| Australia ([[Queensland]])
|
| [[Dreamtime|Alcheringa]]
|-
| [[Yugoslavs]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] → [[Serbo-Croatian]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Serbo-Croatian language family" group="note"/> [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], [[Slovene language|Slovene]]; [[French Sign Language|Francosign]] → Austro-Hungarian Sign → [[Yugoslav Sign Language|Yugoslav Sign]], [[Croatian Sign Language|Croatian Sign]]
| Serbia, [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Montenegro]], [[Slovenia]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Croatia]]
| Significant populations in [[Yugoslavs in Serbia|Serbia]], [[Yugoslav Canadians|Canada]], and the [[Yugoslav Americans|United States]]
| Christianity → [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Roman Catholicism|Catholicism]]; Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|-
| [[Yugurs]]
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] → [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]] → [[Western Yugur language|Western Yugur]]; [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] → [[Eastern Yugur language|Eastern Yugur]]
| China ([[Gansu]])
|
| [[Buddhism]] → [[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[Tengrism]]
|-
| [[Yukaghir people|Yukaghir]]
| [[Yukaghir languages]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| Russia ([[Sakha Republic|Yakutia]])
|
| [[Shamanism]]
|-
| [[Yup'ik]]
| [[Eskaleut languages|Eskaleut]] → Eskimo → [[Central Alaskan Yup'ik language|Yup'ik]]
| United States (Alaska)
| [[Nunivak Cupʼig language|Nunivak Cupʼig]], [[Chevak Cupʼik dialect|Chevak Cupʼik]]
| Christianity, [[Yup'ik#Shamanism|Shamanism]]
|- id=Z
| [[Zaghawa people|Zaghawa]]
| [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]] → [[Saharan languages|Saharan]] → [[Zaghawa language|Zaghawa]]
| [[Chad]], Sudan
|
| Islam → [[Sunni Islam]]
|- 
| [[Zamboangueno people|Zamboanguenos]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Romance languages|Romance]] → [[Spanish language|Spanish]] → [[Chavacano]]
| Philippines ([[Zamboanga City]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Zande people|Zande]]<ref group="note">Otherwise known as Azande.</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Gordon|first=Raymond|title=Lugbara language|encyclopedia=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|publisher=SIL International|location=Dallas, Texas|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lgg|year=2005}}</ref>
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Zande language|Zande]]
| [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Central African Republic]], [[South Sudan]]
| [[Barambu people|Barambu]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Zapotec peoples|Zapotecs]]
| [[Oto-Manguean languages|Oto-Manguean]] → [[Zapotec languages|Zapotec]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Mexico]] ([[Oaxaca]])
| [[Ixtlan Zapotec|Ixtlan]]
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Zhuang people|Zhuang]] 
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]] → [[Tai languages|Tai]] → [[Zhuang languages|Zhuang]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Zhuang languages" group="note">Though many Zhuang languages are not closely related to each other, they are all known to be ethnolects spoken among Zhuangs.</ref>
| China ([[Guangxi|Zhuangia]])
|
| [[Mo (religion)|Moism]]
|-
| [[Zo people|Zomi]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] → [[Kuki-Chin–Naga languages|Kuki-Chin–Naga]],<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Chin–Naga" group="note">The Kuki-Chin–Naga language grouping (it is unclear whether the Kuki-Chin–Naga form an actual language family) consists of five to eight branches. Except for Karbi and Meitei, the Kuki-Chin–Naga is divided between the Chin and the Naga. The [[Mruic languages|Mruic]] and most of the [[Kuki-Chin languages|Kuki-Chin]] speakers are seen as Chin, while speakers of the remaining Kuki-Chin–Naga branches ([[Ao languages|Ao]], [[Angami–Pochuri languages|Angami–Pochuri]], [[Tangkhulic languages|Tangkhulic]], and [[Zeme languages|Zeme]]) and the speakers [[Northwestern Kuki-Chin languages|Northwestern Kuki-Chin]] are seen as Naga.</ref> [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] → [[Mruic languages|Mruic]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Zogam]] ([[Myanmar]], [[Bangladesh]], India)
| [[Tedim people|Tedim]], [[Thadou people|Thadou]], [[Paite people|Paite]], [[Zou people|Zou]], [[Kom people (Manipur)|Kom]], [[Koireng]], [[Mizo people|Mizo]] (including Khiangte, [[Hmar people|Hmar]] (including [[Saihriem people|Saihriem]] and [[Zote people|Zote]]), Renthlei, Chawngthu, [[Miu-Khumi tribe|Miu-Khumi]], and [[Ralte people|Ralte]]), [[Aimol people|Aimol]], [[Sukte people|Sukte]], [[Bawm people|Bawm]], [[Lai people|Lai]], [[Biate people|Biate]], [[Chin people|Chin]] (including [[Asho Chin people|Asho]], [[Mro-Khimi people|Mro-Khimi]], [[Mru people|Mru]] (including Anok, Tshungma, Domrong, Dopteng, and Rumma), [[Anu-Hkongso language|Anu]], [[Chho tribe|Chho]], [[Cumtu Chin People|Cumtu Chin]], and [[Anu-Hkongso language|Hkongso]] (including [[Anu-Hkongso language|Kasang]], Htey, Kamu, Ngan, Gwa, Hteikloeh, Ngai, Rahnam, Kapu, Kasah, Namte, Krawktu, and Namluek)), [[Kuki people|Kuki]] (including [[Vaiphei people|Vaiphei]], [[Khelma people|Khelma]], [[Halam tribe|Halam]] (including [[Korbong]]), [[Mate people|Mate]], and [[Simte people|Simte]]) [[Gangte people|Gangte]], and [[Bnei Menashe]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Zonians]]
| [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] → [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] → [[English language|English]] → [[American English]]
| [[Panama]] ([[Panama Canal Zone]])
|
| Christianity 
|-
| [[Zoque people|Zoque]]
| [[Mixe–Zoque languages|Mixe–Zoque]] → [[Zoque languages|Zoque]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Mexico]] ([[Chiapas]], [[Oaxaca]], [[Veracruz]], [[Tabasco]])
|
| Christianity → [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|-
| [[Zoró]]
| [[Tupian languages|Tupian]] → [[Monde languages|Monde]] → [[Gavião of Jiparaná]] → Zoró
| Brazil ([[Mato Grosso]])
|
| Christianity 
|-
| [[Zulu people|Zulu]]
| [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] → [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] → [[Nguni languages|Nguni]] → [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| South Africa ([[KwaZulu-Natal]])
| [[Northern Ndebele people|Northern Ndebele]]
| Christianity
|-
| [[Zuni people|Zuni]]
| [[Zuni language]]
| United States (New Mexico)
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[ꞋAreꞌare people|ꞋAreꞌare]]
| [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] → [[Southeast Solomonic languages|Southeast Solomonic]] → [[ꞋAreꞌare language|ꞋAreꞌare]]
| [[Solomon Islands]] ([[Malaita]])
|
| Christianity
|-
| [[ǃKung people|ǃKung]]
| [[Kxʼa languages|Kxʼa]] → [[ǃKung languages|ǃKung]]<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
| [[Namibia]] ([[Kalahari Desert]])
|
| [[Animism]]
|}

{{notelist}}

==Lists of ethnic groups==
;<nowiki>by status:</nowiki>
* [[List of Indigenous peoples]]
* [[List of diasporas]]
* [[Stateless nation#List|List of stateless nations]]

;<nowiki>regional lists:</nowiki>
* [[African people]]
** [[Indigenous people of Africa]]
** [[Ethnic groups in Algeria]]
** [[Ethnic groups in Botswana]]
** [[Ethnic groups in Burundi]]
** [[Ethnic groups in Chad]]
** [[Demographics of Eritrea#Ethno-linguistic groups|List of ethno-linguistic groups in Eritrea]]
** [[List of ethnic groups in Ethiopia]]
** [[List of ethnic groups in Nigeria]]
*** [[List of ethnic groups in Rivers State]]
** [[Ethnic groups in Rwanda]]
** [[List of ethnic groups in Tanzania]]
** [[Ethnic groups in Senegal]]
** [[Ethnic groups in Sierra Leone]]
** [[List of ethnic groups in South Sudan]]
** [[List of ethnic groups in Zambia]]
* [[Ethnic groups in Asia|Asian people]]
** [[Ethnic groups in Northern Asia]]
*** [[List of ethnic groups in Russia]]
** [[East Asian people|List of ethnic groups in East Asia]]
*** [[List of ethnic groups in China]]
*** [[Ethnic groups of Japan|List of ethnic groups in Japan]]
*** [[Demographics of North Korea|List of ethnic groups in North Korea]]
*** [[Demographics of South Korea#Ethnic groups|List of ethnic groups in South Korea]]
*** [[Demographics of Taiwan|List of ethnic groups in Taiwan]]
**** [[List of indigenous peoples of Taiwan]]
** [[South Asian ethnic groups]]
*** [[Ethnic groups in Nepal]]
*** [[Ethnic groups in Pakistan]]
**** [[Demographics of Sindh]]
** [[Ethnic groups in Southeast Asia]]
*** [[List of ethnic groups in Laos]]
*** [[Ethnic groups in Malaysia]]
*** [[List of ethnic groups in Vietnam]]
*** [[List of ethnic groups in Myanmar]]
** [[Ethnic groups in the Middle East]]
* [[Ethnic groups in Europe|European people]]
** [[Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
** [[Peoples of the Caucasus]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American people]]
** [[Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas]]
* [[Demographics of Oceania|Oceanian people]]
** [[List of Indigenous Australian group names]]
** [[Melanesians|List of Melanesian ethnic groups]]
*** [[Indigenous people of New Guinea#Papuan ethnic groups|List of New Guinean ethnic groups]]
** [[Micronesians#List of ethnic groups|List of Micronesian ethnic groups]]
** [[Polynesians#People|List of Polynesian ethnic groups]]
* [[Ethnoreligious group]]
* [[List of countries by ethnic groups|Ethnic groups by country]]

==See also==
* [[List of languages by number of native speakers]]
* [[List of language families]]
* [[Lists of people by nationality]]
* [[Lists of active separatist movements]]
* [[Uncontacted peoples]]
* [[Ethnic flag]]
* [[Race (human categorization)]]
* [[List of Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|liststyle=lower-alpha|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ethnicity}}
{{Indigenous peoples by continent}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ethnic groups}}
[[Category:Ethnic groups| ]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups by region|*]]
[[Category:Society-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of ethnic groups|Contemporary]]