Ethnicity
|
Language(s)
|
Primary homeland
|
Subgroups, tribes & castes
|
Religion(s)
|
Abagusii
|
Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Gusii
|
Kenya (Kisii County)
|
|
Christianity, Traditional African religion
|
Abazins
|
Northwest Caucasian → Abazgi → Abaza
|
Russia (Abazinia)
|
Significant populations in Turkey, Egypt, and Russia
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Abelam
|
Sepik → Ndu → Abelam
|
Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)
|
|
Christianity
|
Abenaki
|
Algic → Algonquian → Western Abenaki, historically Algic → Algonquian → Eastern Abenaki
|
Canada (Quebec), United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont)
|
|
Abenaki religion
|
Abkhazians
|
Northwest Caucasian → Abazgi → Abkhaz
|
Georgia (Abkhazia)<ref name="Circassian genocide" group="note">Following the Caucasian War, the majority of Circassians and Abkhazians were deported to Turkey.</ref>
|
Sadz, Afro-Abkhazians, Byzb, Abzhui, Samurzakan
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Abkhazian Orthodoxy; Islam → Sunnism
|
Acehnese
|
Austronesian → Chamic → Acehnese
|
Indonesia (Aceh)
|
Significant populations in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the United States
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Achagua
|
Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Achagua
|
Colombia (Meta), Venezuela
|
|
Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism
|
Aché
|
Tupian → Guarani → Aché
|
Paraguay
|
|
Native American religion
|
Acholi
|
Nilotic → Luo → Acholi
|
South Sudan, Uganda (Acholiland)
|
|
Christianity
|
Adjoukrou
|
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adjukru
|
Ivory Coast (Dabou)
|
|
Christianity
|
Afar
|
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Afar
|
Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia (Afaria)
|
|
Islam
|
Afemai
|
Atlantic–Congo → Edoid → Afenmai
|
Nigeria (Edo State)
|
|
Christianity
|
Afghan Tatars
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar → Afghan Tatar; Indo-European → Iranic → Dari, Pashto; Turkic → Karluk → Uzbek; Turkic → Oghuz → Turkmen
|
Afghanistan (Afghan Turkestan)
|
|
Islam → Sunnism → Hanafism
|
African-Americans
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English; Indo-European → French Creole → Louisiana Creole; Indo-European → English Creole → Gullah, Afro-Seminole Creole; Francosign → ASLic → American Sign → Black American Sign
|
Southern United States, Mexico (Coahuila)
|
Black Southerners, Creoles of color, Black Native Americans (including Freedmen (including Black Seminoles (including Mascogos), Cherokee Freedmen, Choctaw Freedmen, Creek Freedmen)), Gullah, Samaná Americans, Affrilachians, Afro-Romani Americans, along with significant populations in France, Africa (including Ghana), Israel, and Canada
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Black church; Hoodoo; Islam
|
Afrikaners
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans
|
South Africa
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
|
Afro-Anguillians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Antiguan and Barbudan Creole → Anguillian Creole
|
Anguilla
|
|
Christianity
|
Afro–Antiguans and Barbudans
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Antiguan and Barbudan English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Antiguan and Barbudan Creole
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
Barbudans
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist;
|
Afro-Argentines
|
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Rioplatense Spanish
|
Argentina
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Afro-Arubans
|
Indo-European → Portuguese-based creoles → Papiamento; Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch, English; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish
|
Aruba
|
|
Christianity
|
Afro-Bahamians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bahamian English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Bahamian Creole
|
The Bahamas
|
|
Christianity
|
Afro-Barbadians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bajan English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Bajan Creole
|
Barbados
|
|
Christianity
|
Afro-Bermudians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bermudian English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Jamaican Patois → Bermudian Creole
|
Bermuda
|
|
Christianity
|
Afro-Bolivians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Bolivian Spanish
|
Bolivia (Bolivian Yungas)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Afro-Brazilians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Brazilian Portuguese, Cafundó
|
Brazil
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Afro-Chileans
|
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Chilean Spanish
|
Chile (Arica y Parinacota Region, Tarapacá Region and Santiago Metropolitan Region)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Afro-Colombians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Colombian Spanish; Indo-European → Spanish-based creole → Palenquero; Indo-European → English-based creole → San Andres-Providencia Creole
|
Colombia (Pacific region, Caribbean region)
|
Palenques, Raizals
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Afro–Costa Ricans
|
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Costa Rican Spanish; Indo-European → English-based creole → Limonese Creole
|
Costa Rica (Puerto Limon, San Jose, Alajuela, Heredia)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
|
Afro-Cubans
|
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese, Spanish → Cuban Spanish; Indo-European → Germanic → English; Cuban Sign Language; Atlantic–Congo → Yoruboid → Lucumí; Atlantic–Congo and Indo-European → Kongo and Bozal Spanish → Habla Congo
|
Cuba
|
Ganga-Longoba, Afro-Cuban Roma
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Islam; Afro-American religions: Abakuá, Arará religion, Cuban Vodú, Palo, Santería
|
Afro-Curaçaoans
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch, English; Indo-European → Portuguese-based creole → Papiamento; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish
|
Curaçao
|
|
Christianity
|
Afro-Dominicans (Dominica)
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → French-based creole → Dominican Creole French
|
Dominica
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism; Protestantism
|
Afro-Dominicans (Dominican Republic)
|
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Dominican Spanish; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Samaná English
|
Dominican Republic
|
Samaná Americans
|
Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism; Dominican Vudú
|
Afro-Ecuadorians
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language)
|
Ecuador (Esmeraldas Province, Guayaquil, Valle del Chota, Imbabura Province Sucumbíos Province)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Afro-Grenadians
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English → Grenadian Creole English French (adopted language) → → Patois
|
Grenada
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism; Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist, etc; Afro-American religions; Traditional African religions; Islam
|
Afro-Guatemalans
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) English (adopted language) Garifuna (adopted language)
|
Guatemala (Livingston (Garifuna settlement), Puerto Barrios and Santo Tomas)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
|
Afro-Guyanese
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language)→ Guyanese Creole
|
Guyana
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism; Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist, etc; Afro-American religions; Traditional African religions; Islam; Rastafari; Comfa
|
Afro-Haitians
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas French (adopted language) → Haitian Creole
|
Haiti
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism; Islam; Haitian Voudou
|
Afro-Hondurans
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) English → Bay Islands English (adopted language) Garifuna (adopted language) Miskito (adopted language)
|
Honduras
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
|
Afro-Jamaicans
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language)→ Jamaican English, Jamaican Patois
|
Jamaica
|
|
Christianity; Convince; Jamaican Maroon religion; Kumina; Rastafari; Judaism
|
Afro–Kittitians and Nevisians
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language)
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
|
Christianity; Rastafari
|
Afro-Mexicans
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish → Mexican Spanish
|
Mexico (Guerrero, Lázaro Cárdenas, Huetamo, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Greater Mexico City, Guadalajara and Múzquiz Municipality)
|
Mascogos
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Afro-American religions
|
Afro-Nicaraguans
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish → Nicaraguan Spanish, Miskito Coast Creole
|
Nicaragua
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Afro-Panamanians
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) → Panamanian Spanish English → Bocas del Toro Creole
|
Panama
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Afro-Paraguayans
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language)
|
Paraguay (Central Department, Paraguari Department and Cordillera Department)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Afro-Peruvians
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language)
|
Peru (Lima, Piura, Lambayeque, Tumbes and Ica)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Buddhism; Animism, etc
|
Afro-Puerto Ricans
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) → Bozal Spanish (dialect possibly extinct) Atlantic–Congo → Yoruba → Lucumí (lithurgical language) Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kongo → Habla Congo (lithurgical language)
|
United States (Puerto Rico)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; African diaspora religions; Animism, etc
|
Afro–Saint Lucians
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language) French (adopted language) → Saint Lucian Creole
|
Saint Lucia
|
|
Christianity; Kélé
|
Afro-Salvadorans
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language)
|
El Salvador (Sonsonate, Ahuachapán, San Miguel, and La Unión)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; African diaspora religions; Rastafari
|
Afro-Surinamese
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Dutch (adopted language) English (adopted language) → Sranan Tongo, Aukan, Kwinti English + Portuguese → Saramaccan
|
Suriname
|
|
Christianity, Winti
|
Afro–Trinidadians and Tobagonians
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language) → Trinidadian Creole, Tobagonian Creole French (adopted language) → Antillean Creole Spanish (adopted language)
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism and Protestantism; Afro-American religions; Traditional African religions; Islam; etc
|
Afro-Turks
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Ottoman Empire Turkish (adopted language)
|
Turkey
|
|
Islam
|
Afro-Uruguayans
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) → Rioplatense Spanish Spanish + Portuguese → Portuñol
|
Uruguay
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; etc
|
Afro-Venezuelans
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language)
|
Venezuela (Venezuelan Caribbean and Barlovento)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Birongo; Cult to María Lionza
|
Afro-Vincentians
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language) → Vincentian Creole,
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
|
Christianity
|
Afro–Virgin Islanders
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language) → Virgin Islands Creole Dutch (adopted language) French (adopted language) Historically Dutch → Zeelandic-based creole → Negerhollands
|
Virgin Islands (United Kingdom, United States), SSS islands (Netherlands, France)
|
|
Christianity
|
Agaw
|
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Agaw<ref name="Language family" group="note">Language family; with some exceptions, all speakers of the various languages within this family are typically seen as one singular ethnicity.</ref>
|
Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea)<ref name="non-contiguous" group="note">Non-contiguous homeland. Throughout most of its history (if not its entire history), this ethnic group has lived in separate, isolated communities scattered throughout the countries/subdivisions listed.</ref>
|
Bilen, Ximre, Awi, Qemant
|
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
|
Aghuls
|
Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Aghul
|
Russia (Dagestan)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|
Ahoms
|
Kra–Dai → Tai → Ahom<ref name="Assam" group="note">Assamese ethnic group; the vast majority only speak Assamese.</ref>
|
India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh)
|
|
Hinduism, Ahom religion
|
Ahtna
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Ahtna
|
United States (Alaska)
|
|
Christianity, Native American religion
|
Aikana
|
Aikana language
|
Brazil (Rondonia)
|
|
Animism
|
Aimaq
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Aimaq
|
Afghanistan
|
Aimaq Hazara, Firozkohi, Jamshidi, Aimaq Kipchaks, Timuri, Taymani
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Ainus
|
Ainu → Hokkaido Ainu; historically Ainu → Sakhalin Ainu, Kuril Ainu
|
Japan (Hokkaido, Tōhoku region), Russia (Sakhalin, Kamchatka Peninsula, Khabarovsk Krai), Kuril Islands (Russia or Japan)
|
Hokkaido Ainus (including Ishikari Ainus, Menasunkur Ainus, Sumunkur Ainus, and Uchiura Ainus), Tokyo Ainus, Sakhalin Ainus, Russian Ainus
|
Animism → Ainu folk religion; Buddhism → Nichiren Shōshū; Shinto; Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
|
Aja
|
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adja
|
Benin, Togo
|
|
West African Vodun
|
Aka
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Aka
|
Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo
|
|
Traditional Aka religion<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|
Akans
|
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Central Tano,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">Although Akan is the principal language of the Akan people, the Akan language has only recently been standardized. The majority of Akan people still speak their local dialects, which are usually considered by linguists to be separate languages altogether.</ref> Avikam–Alladian,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Potou,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Abé, Abidji, Attie, Ega;<ref name="Olson 1996">Template:Cite book</ref> Francosign → American Sign → Ghanaian Sign; Adamorobe Sign; Nanabin Sign
|
Ghana (Gold Coast)<ref group="note">Due to historical migrations, about half of the Akan population reside in Ivory Coast.</ref>
|
Abbé, Abidji, Ahafo, Ahanta, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Alladian, Anyi, Ashanti, Assin, Attie, Avikam, Baoulé, Bonos, Chakosi, Egas, Evalue, Fante, M'Bato, Nzema, Sefwi (including House of Israel), Tchaman, Wasa
|
Christianity
|
Akha
|
Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Akha
|
China (Pu'er and Xishuangbanna)<ref group="note">Some time around 1860s, many Akha have been migrating to Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand. Today, the majority reside outside of China.</ref>
|
AkeuTemplate:Citation needed
|
Animism
|
Akhvakhs
|
Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Akhvakh
|
Russia (Dagestan), Azerbaijan (Zagatala District)
|
|
Islam
|
Akie
|
Nilotic → Kalenjin → Akie Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai (adopted language)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|
Tanzania (Manyara Region)
|
|
Traditional Akie religion<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|
Alabamas
|
Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Alabama<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
|
United States (Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation)<ref name="Trail of Tears" group="note" />
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism; Ethnic religion
|
Alavi Bohras
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati → Lisan ud-Dawat
|
India (Gujarat)
|
|
Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism
|
Albanians
|
Indo-European → Albanoid → Albanian<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Albanian Sign Language Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign
|
Southeastern Europe
|
Ghegs (including Arbanasi and Kosovars), Tosks (including Arbereshe, Cham Albanians, Arvanites, Lab Albanians), Albanian tribes, along with significant populations in Turkey, Egypt, Syria, France, the United Kingdom Italy, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Nordic countries, Switzerland, Greece (including Western Thrace), Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Australia, Canada, and the United States
|
Islam → Sunni Islam, Islam → Sufism → Bektashism, Christianity
|
Aleuts
|
Eskaleut → Aleut
|
Aleutian Islands (United States, Russia)
|
Agdaagux Tribe
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Alexandrian Greek Christians
|
Historically Indo-European → Hellenic Arabic → Egyptian Arabic (adopted language)
|
Egypt
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Catholicism → Melkite Catholicism
|
Altaians
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai, Northern Altai
|
Russia (Altai Republic and Altai Krai), Mongolia (Altai Mountains), China (Altay Prefecture)
|
|
Altai faith
|
Alur
|
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Alur
|
Uganda (West Nile sub-region), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ituri Province)
|
|
Christianity
|
Alutiiq
|
Eskaleut → Eskimo → Alutiiq
|
United States (Alaska)
|
Chugach
|
Christianity
|
Alyutors
|
Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Alyutor
|
Russia (Koryak Okrug)
|
|
Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Ambonese
|
Austronesian → Malayic → Ambonese Malay
|
Indonesia (Ambon Island)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
|
Ambundu
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kimbundu
|
Angola
|
|
Christianity, Traditional African religions
|
Amdang
|
Furan → Amdang
|
Sudan (West Darfur), Chad (Wadi Fira)
|
|
Islam
|
Americo-Liberians
|
Various languages of different African ethnic groups (originally, descendants of African-American slaves who were freed and returned to Africa)
English (adopted language) English → Merico English → Liberian Kreyol
|
Liberia
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Amhara
|
Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Amharic
|
Ethiopia (Amharia)
|
|
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
|
Amis
|
Austronesian → Formosan → Amis
|
Taiwan (Taitung and Hualien Counties)
|
|
Animism, Christianity
|
Amish
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch
|
United States
|
|
Christianity → Anabaptism
|
Amung
|
Trans-New Guinea → Amung
|
Indonesia (Mimika, Puncak)
|
|
Christianity
|
Andis
|
Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Andi
|
Russia (Dagestan)
|
|
Islam
|
Aneuk Jamee
|
Austronesian → Malayic → Minangkabau → Aneuk Jamee<ref name="Aneuk Jamee" group="note">Due to the influence of assimilation into Acehnese culture, most Aneuk Jamee people use Acehnese as their everyday language.</ref>
|
Indonesia (Aceh)
|
|
Islam
|
Anglo-Americans
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → United States English; Francosign → ASLic → American Sign
|
United States
|
New England Americans, Middle Atlantic Americans, Midwestern Americans, Southern Americans, Western Americans
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Evangelicalism
|
Anglo-Burmese
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English, Sino-Tibetan → Lolo-Burmese → Burmese, Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Karenic → Karen
|
Myanmar
|
Significant population in Western Australia
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism; Buddhism
|
Anglo-Canadians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Canadian English, Francosign → ASLic → American Sign
|
Canada
|
Ontarians, Anglo-Quebecers, Nova Scotians, New Brunswickers, Manitobans, British Columbians, Prince Edward Islanders, Saskatchewanians, Albertans, Newfoundlanders, Labradorians, Northwest Territorians, Yukoners, Anglo-Nunavummiut
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism; Catholicism
|
Anglo-Celtic Australians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Australian English
|
Australia
|
|
Christianity
|
Anglo-Indians
|
Indo-Europeans → Germanic → English
|
India
|
Significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Bangladesh
|
Christianity
|
Anglo-Irish
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Hiberno-English; Francosign → Irish Sign, BANZSL → British Sign; BANZSL → British Sign → Northern Ireland Sign
|
Ireland
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism
|
Anglo-New Zealanders
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → New Zealand English
|
New Zealand
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism
|
Anglo-South Africans
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → South African English
|
South Africa
|
Significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States
|
Christianity
|
Angu
|
Trans-New Guinea → Angan<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Papua New Guinea (Kratke Range)
|
|
Animism
|
Anindilyakwa
|
East Arnhem → Anindilyakwa–Nunggubuyu → Anindilyakwa
|
Australia (Groote Eylandt, Bickerton Island)
|
|
Animism
|
Antakirinja
|
Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Antakarinya
|
Australia (South Australia)
|
|
Animism
|
Antiochian Greek Christians
|
Afroasiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic (adopted), historically Indo-European → Hellenic
|
Levant (Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Palestine, Turkey (Hatay))
|
Jerusalemite Greek Christians
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch, Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem, Catholicism → Melkite Catholicism
|
Anuak
|
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Anuak
|
Ethiopia (Anuakia), South Sudan (Boma)
|
|
Christianity
|
Apache
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Apachean<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">With the exception of Navajo, all Apachean speakers are seen as one ethnicity. However, due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.</ref>
|
United States (Apacheria)
|
Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Salinero, Plains Apache, Western Apache
|
Native American religions → Native American Church
|
Apanyekra
|
Macro-Je → Je → Canela
|
Brazil (Northeast Region)
|
|
Ethnic religion
|
Apinajé
|
Macro-Je → Je → Apinayé
|
Brazil (Tocantins)
|
|
Animism
|
Arabs
|
Afroasiatic → Semitic → Arabic;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Arab Sign;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign; Kafr Qasem Sign; Sudanese sign languages;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> historically Afroasiatic → Arabic → Sicilian Arabic and Shirvani Arabic
|
West Asia (especially the Arabian Peninsula<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> and Syrian Desert),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> North Africa, Sahel
|
Bedouins (including Palestinian Bedouins (including Jahalin Bedouins, Negev Bedouins (including Al-Sayyid Bedouins and Hanajira), Galilee Bedouins, Ta'amreh), Tarabin Bedouins, Bedul, Beni Ades, Liyathnah), Israeli Arabs, Palestinians (including Palestinian Christians, Palestinian Baháʼís, Palestinian Muslims (including Palestinian Metawalis), Palestinian Bedouins (including Jahalin Bedouins), and Afro-Palestinians), Egyptian Arabs (including Upper Egyptian Arabs<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>), Maghrebi Arabs, Dawada, Iranian Arabs (including Khuzestani Arabs, Khorasani Arabs, Huwalas, and Khamseh Arabs), Sudanese Arabs, Marsh Arabs, Arab Christians<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> (including Antiochians, Jerusalemites, and Alexandrians), Alawites, Druze,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Hadharem, Mhallami, Rashaida, Baggara Arabs (including Shuweihat), Abbala Arabs, Azawagh Arabs, Diffa Arabs, Manga Arabs, Ababda, Baharna (including in Kuwait) Arab-Persians, Arab-Berbers, with diaspora populations (including the Palestinian diaspora) in Europe (including the United Kingdom, the Caucasus, Sweden, Spain), Turkey, Pakistan (including Palestinians), India, Colombia, Chile (including Palestinians), Nicaragua, Brazil (including Palestinians), Mexico (including Palestinians), Venezuela, the United States (including Palestinians), Canada, Haiti (including Palestinians), Cuba, El Salvador (including Palestinians), Australia (including Palestinians), New Zealand, Singapore
|
Islam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism → Sulaymani, Zaydism, Ibadism
|
Aragonese
|
Indo-European → Romance → Aragonese, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish
|
Spain (Aragon)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Aranadans
|
Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Eranadan
|
India (Kerala)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Arapaho
|
Algic → Algonquian → Arapahoan → Arapaho
|
United States (Colorado, Wyoming)
|
|
Christianity, Native American Church
|
Argobba
|
Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Argobba<ref group="note">The Argobba have typically been a merchant community and usually trades with other ethnic groups; recently, these factors have resulted in the majority only speaking Amharic or Oromo.</ref>
|
Ethiopia (Afar, Harari, Amhara, and Oromia Regions)<ref name="non-contiguous" group="note" />
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Armenians
|
Indo-European → Armenian,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Northwest Caucasian → Circassian,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Armenian Sign, historically Harsneren, Turkic → Kipchak → Armeno-Kipchak
|
Armenian highlands (Armenia, Turkey (Western Armenia)),<ref group="note">During the Armenian genocide that occurred in Western Armenia, many Armenians fled to Russia, France, and the United States. Today, the majority reside outside of Greater Armenia, and Western Armenia no longer has an openly Armenian population (the Hemshin largely avoid identifying themselves as being Armenian, while the vast majority of people that are openly Armenian in Turkey reside in Istanbul, which is not a part of Western Armenia).</ref> Azerbaijan, Ukraine (Crimea), Russia (Kuban, Adygea), Georgia
|
Turkish Armenians (including Armenians in Istanbul, Hemshin, and Hidden Armenians), Cherkesogai, Armeno-Tats, Zoks, Hayhurum, Karabakhis and historically Udis and Turkic peoples who adhered to the Armenian Apostolic Church, along with significant populations in Russia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Serbia, Poland, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine (including Crimea), Cyprus, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Malta, Georgia (including Samtskhe–Javakheti, Abkhazia, and Tbilisi), Azerbaijan, (including Baku), Egypt, Lebanon, Pakistan, Iran, Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, Israel, Jordan, Ethiopia, China, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Singapore, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Israel, Palestine, the Netherlands, and Germany
|
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Eastern Catholicism → Armenian Catholicism
|
Aromanians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Aromanian
|
Balkans (Greece, Albania, North Macedonia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania)<ref name="non-contiguous" group="note" />
|
Significant populations in Greece, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, and North Macedonia, along with diaspora populations
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Arrernte
|
Pama-Nyungan → Arandic → Arrernte
|
Australia (Arrernte Land)
|
|
Alcheringa
|
Ashkali
|
Indo-European → Albanian
|
Kosovo
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Asmat
|
Trans–New Guinea → Asmat–Kamrau → Asmat<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Indonesia (South Papua)
|
|
Christianity
|
Assamese
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Assamese
|
India (Assam)
|
Assamese Brahmins, Kalitas, Kaibartas, Assamese Muslims, Chutias
|
Hinduism
|
Assiniboine
|
Siouan → Western Siouan → Assiniboine
|
Canada (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta), United States (North Dakota, Montana)
|
Bizebina, Insaombi, Wokpanbi
|
Traditional Assiniboine religion
|
Assyrians
|
Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Suret
|
Assyrian homeland
|
Urmia tribes (Tyari, Jilu, Baz, Tkhuma, Nochiya), Tur Abdin, Hakkari
|
Syriac Christianity
|
Asturians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Asturleonese → Asturian, Indo-European → Romance → Galician and Asturleonese → Eonavian<ref name="Eonavian" group="note">Eonavian is variously classified as a dialect group of Galician, a transitional variety between Galician and Asturian, and as a separate linguistic group.</ref>
|
Spain (Asturias)
|
Eonavians
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Asurs
|
Austroasiatic → Munda → Asur–Birjia<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
India (Bihar, Jharkhand)
|
Bir, Asur, Birjia, Agaria
|
Animism and Hinduism → Asur religion
|
Atacama
|
Kunza
|
Chile (Atacama Desert, Altiplano), Argentina (Altiplano), Bolivia (Antofagasta Region)
|
|
Inca Religion
|
Atayals
|
Austronesian → Formosan → Atayal; Japonic → Japanese-based creole → Yilan Creole Japanese
|
Taiwan
|
|
Animism, Christianity
|
Ati
|
Ati language
|
Western Visayas
|
|
Animism, Christianity
|
Atikamekw
|
Algic → Algonquian → Atikamekw
|
Canada (Nitaskinan)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Ethnic religion
|
Atoni
|
Austronesian → Timoric → Uab Meto
|
Indonesia (West Timor), East Timor (Oecusse)
|
Amarasi
|
Christianity
|
Atyap
|
Niger–Congo → Plateau → Atyap
|
Nigeria (Kaduna State)
|
|
Christianity
|
Austral Islanders
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Austral
|
France (Austral Islands)
|
|
Christianity
|
Austrians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → German → Austrian German
|
Austria
|
significant populations in United States, Canada, and Australia
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Avars
|
Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Avar, Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Archi
|
Russia (Dagestan, Chechnya, Dagestan, Kalmykia), Azerbaijan (Balakan, Zagatala), Turkey, Georgia
|
Archis, Kvareli Avars
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Awa
|
Barbacoan → Awan → Awa
|
Colombia (Narino), Ecuador (Carchi)
|
|
Christianity
|
Awadhis
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Awadhi
|
India (Awadh)
|
Barhai
|
Hinduism
|
Aymara
|
Aymaran → Aymara
|
Bolivia, Peru, Chile
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Äynu
|
Turkic and Indo-European → Karluk and Iranic → Uyghur and Persian → Äynu; Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur
|
China (Xinjiang)
|
|
Islam → Shi'ism → Alevism
|
Azerbaijanis
|
Turkic → Oghuz → Azeri,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Afshar, Turkmen → Ersari; Francosign → RSLic → Russian Sign → Azerbaijani Sign
|
Azerbaijan, Iran (Iranian Azerbaijan), Armenia, Turkmenistan (Balkan Region, Lebap Region), Uzbekistan (Bukhara Region), Russia (Dagestan)
|
Ayrums, Baharlu, Bayat, Karadaghis, Qajars, Kuresunni, Padar, Qarapapaqs, Shahsevan, Terekeme, Yeraz, Dagestani Azerbaijanis, Afshar (including Javanshir Qizilbash, Urmian Afshars), Iranian Azeris, along with significant populations in Georgia, Russia, and historically Armenia
|
Islam → Shi'ism
|
Babur and Bura
|
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Bura
|
Nigeria (Borno State and Adamawa State)
|
Babur, Bura
|
Islam
|
Badagas
|
Dravidian → Badaga–Kannada → Badaga
|
India (Nilgiris district)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Bagirmi
|
Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Bongo-Bagirmi → Bagirmi language
|
Chad (Chari-Baguirmi)
|
|
Islam → Folk Islam
|
Bagvalals
|
Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Bagvalal
|
Russia (Dagestan)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Bahnar
|
Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Bahnar
|
Vietnam (Central Highlands)
|
|
Animism
|
Bai
|
Sino-Tibetan → Macro-Bai → Bai<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
China (Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Bijie, Sangzhi County)
|
|
Buddhism, Benzhuism, Daoism
|
Baining
|
Baining languages<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Papua New Guinea (Gazelle Peninsula)
|
Kairak, Mali, Qaqet, Simbali, Ura
|
Christianity, Pomio Kivung
|
Bajuni
|
Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Swahili → Bajuni
|
Somalia (Bajuni Islands), Kenya (Coast Province)
|
|
Islam → Sunnism → Shafi'ism
|
Bakarwal
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujari → Bakarwal
|
India or Pakistan (Kashmir)
|
|
Islam
|
Bakossi
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Akoose
|
Cameroon (Bakossi Mountains)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Balanta
|
Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Balanta<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, The Gambia
|
|
Traditional African religions
|
Balinese
|
Austronesian → Balinese
|
Indonesia (Bali)
|
Bali Aga
|
Hinduism → Balinese Hinduism
|
Balkars
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Balkar
|
Russia (Kabardino-Balkaria)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Balochs
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Balochi; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Saraiki
|
Balochistan (Pakistan (Balochistan), Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan), Afghanistan (Balochistan))
|
Askani, Bajkani, Bangulzai, Barazani, Saraiki Balochs, Bhurgari, Bugti, Buledi, Chandio, Darzada, Dehwar, Dodai, Dombki, Gabol, Ghazini, Jamali, Jatoi, Kalmati, Khetran, Kunara, Langhani, Lango, Lashkrani, Loharani, Lund, Marri, Mazari, Mengal, Mirali, Mugheri, Muhammad Shahi, Mullazai, Nothazai, Pitafi, Qaisrani, Rind, Sadozai, Sethwi, Shaikhzadah, Talpur, Tauki, Umrani, Yarahmadzai, Zardari, Makrani, along with significant populations in the United Arab Emirates (including Al Balushi) and Turkmenistan
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Balondo-ba-Konja
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Londo
|
Cameroon
|
|
Creationism → Balondo-ba-Konja religion
|
Baltis
|
Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Balti
|
Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan)
|
|
Islam → Shi'ism
|
Bamars
|
Sino-Tibetan → Burmish → Burmese<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> historically Sino-Tibetan → Burmish → Hpon
|
Myanmar
|
Bamars proper, Taungyo, Dawei, Yaw, Yabein, Intha, Danu, Hpon, Anglo-Burmese
|
Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism; Burmese folk religion
|
Bambara
|
Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Bambara
|
Mali
|
|
Islam
|
Bamileke
|
Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamileke<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Cameroon (West and Northwest regions)
|
Mengaka, Ngiemboon, Ngombale, Ngomba, Ngwe, Yemba, Fe'fe', Ghomala', Kwaʼ, Nda'nda', Medumba
|
Christianity
|
Bamum
|
Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamum
|
Cameroon (West Region)
|
|
Islam
|
Banda
|
Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Banda<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Central African Republic, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
Central Banda, South Banda, West Banda
|
Christianity
|
Bandanese
|
Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Banda Malay, Austronesian → Central Maluku → Banda
|
Indonesia (Banda Islands)
|
|
Islam, Christianity
|
Bangweulu Twa
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba
|
Zambia (Bangweulu Wetlands)
|
|
Traditional African Religion
|
Baniwa
|
Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Karu
|
Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia (Amazonas), Venezuela (Amazonas)
|
|
Traditional religion; Christianity → Catholicism
|
Banjara
|
Indo-European → Rajasthani → Lambadi
|
India (Mewar)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Banjarese
|
Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Banjarese
|
Indonesia (South Kalimantan)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Bari
|
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Bari
|
South Sudan (Central Equatoria), Uganda
|
Pojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, Mandari, Kuku, other Karo tribes
|
Christianity, Traditional African religion, Islam → Sunni Islam (minority religion among some Kakwa bordering Uganda)
|
Bariba
|
Niger–Congo → Gur → Bariba
|
Borgu (Benin, Nigeria)
|
|
Islam
|
Bashkirs
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Bashkir
|
Russia (Badzhgard)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Basques
|
Aquitanian → Basque<ref group="note">Due to the widespread presence of both Spanish and French, the majority of Basques only have a passive knowledge of their language.</ref>
|
Basque Country (Spain, France)
|
Navarreans, Alavans, Biscayans, Gipuzkoans, Northern Basques, along with significant populations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, and Uruguay
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Bassa
|
Niger–Congo → Kru → Bassa
|
Liberia (Bassaland)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism
|
Batak
|
Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Batak<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Indonesia (North Sumatra)
|
Angkola, Karo, Mandailing, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, Alas, Kluet, Singkil
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
|
Bateri
|
Indo-European → Dardic → Bateri
|
Pakistan (Kohistan)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Batwa
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kirundi, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga
|
African Great Lakes
|
|
Traditional African religion
|
Bauzi
|
East Geelvink Bay → Bauzi
|
Indonesia (Papua)
|
|
Animism
|
Bavarians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Bavarian
|
Germany (Bavaria)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Bazigar
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bazigar
|
India (Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan), Pakistan (Punjab)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Beja
|
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Beja
|
Sudan, Egypt, Eritrea
|
Bishari, Hadendoa, Hedareb, Amarar, Beni-Amer
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Belarusians
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Belarusian<ref group="note">Unlike the rest of the Soviet republics, who were able to maintain their native language despite the de facto Russianization during the Soviet era, the Russian language has largely replaced Belarusian in everyday use.</ref>
|
Belarus, Lithuania (Vilnius Region), Polesia (Poland, Ukraine), Russia (Smolensk Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Bryansk Oblast, Kaluga Oblast, Oryol Oblast), and surrounding regions
|
Significant populations in the United States, Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine, and Russia
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Belizean Creoles
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English → Belizean Creole
|
Belize
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism, Rastafari
|
Bemba
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba
|
Zambia (Northern, Luapula, and Copperbelt Provinces), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga Province)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Bembe
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bembe
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism, Traditional African religions
|
Bena
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bena
|
Tanzania (Njombe Region)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Bengalis
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bengali, Sylheti, Chittagonian, Noakhali; Indo-Pakistani–Nepali Sign → Indo-Pakistani Sign → Bengali Sign<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Bengal (Bangladesh, India)
|
Bengali Muslims, Bengali Hindus (including Mahishyas), Bengali Buddhists, Bengali Christians, Bangals (including Chittagonians, Sylhetis, Dhakaiyas (including Mahifarash), Noakhalis), Ghotis (including Muslim Ghosi, Lodha Muslims), Shershabadia, Mahimal
|
Islam → Sunnism; Hinduism → Shaktism, Vaishnavism, Hindu atheism; Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
|
Berbers
|
Afroasiatic → Berber,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Semitic → Arabic;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Songhay → Northern Songhay → Tagdal
|
Maghreb
|
Central Atlas Berbers, Chaouis, Kabyle, Kountas, Chenouas, Ghomaras, Godala, Hawwara, Matmatas, Mozabite, Nafusis, Rifians, Shilha, Siwi, Tuaregs, Awjila, Arab-Berbers, Sanhaja Berbers, Jerba, Zayanes, Igdalen, with significant populations in Belgium, France, Canada, the Netherlands, the United States, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Burkina Faso (including Tuaregs), Niger (including Tuaregs), and Mali
|
Islam → Sunni Islam, Ibadism
|
Berom
|
Niger–Congo → Plateau → Berom
|
Niger (Plateau State)
|
|
Christianity
|
Berta
|
Nilo-Saharan → Berta
|
Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region), South Sudan
|
|
Islam
|
Betawis
|
Austronesian → Malay-based creole → Betawi
|
Indonesia (Jakarta)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Beti<ref group="note">The Beti and the Fang form the Beti-Pahuin peoples. While the term Beti is sometimes used interchangeably to refer to the Beti-Pahuin people, the Beti ethnicity is specifically limited to Ewondo and Eton speakers.</ref>
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ewondo, Eton
|
Cameroon
|
Ewondo, Eton
|
Christianity
|
Bezhta
|
Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Bezhta
|
Russia (Tsuntinsky District)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Bhils
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhil<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
India (Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra)
|
Barda, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Bhil Gametia, Bhil Garasia, Bhil Kataria, Bhil Mama, Bhil Mavchi, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Damor, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Nirdhi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Vasava, Bhil Meena, Chaudhri, Bagdi
|
Hinduism
|
Bhojpuris
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Bhojpuri
|
India, Nepal
|
Paswan, Teli
|
Hinduism, Jainism
|
Bhumijs
|
Austroasiatic → Munda → Bhumij<ref group="note">Due to their historical low status in India, the majority only speak Bengali.</ref>
|
India (West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand)
|
|
Sarnaism
|
Biak
|
Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → South Halmahera–West New Guinea → Biak
|
Indonesia (Biak Islands)
|
|
Christianity, Islam
|
Bicolanos
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Bikol<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Philippines (Bicol Region)
|
Central Bikol, Sorsoganons, Catandunganons, Rinconada, Albayanon
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Bidayuh
|
Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Land Dayak<ref name="Language family" group="note"/>
|
Malaysia (Sarawak)
|
Kendayan, Selako, Bakatiʼ, Sara Bakati', Laraʼ, Bukar–Sadong, Biatah, Tringgus, Jagoi, Jangkang, Kembayan, Semandang, Ribun, Nyaduʼ, Sanggau
|
Christianity
|
Bilala
|
Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Naba
|
Chad (Lake Fitri)
|
|
Islam
|
Bimanese
|
Austronesian → Malayo-Polyneisan → Bima
|
Indonesia (Sumbawa Island)
|
|
Islam
|
Bisayas
|
Austronesian → Dusunic → Sabah Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya
|
Brunei, Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak)
|
Sabah Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya
|
Islam, Christianity
|
Bishnupriyas
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bengali-based creole → Bishnupriya Manipuri
|
India (Manipur), Bangladesh
|
|
Hinduism → Vaishnavism
|
Bissa
|
Niger–Congo → Mande → Bissa
|
Burkina Faso
|
|
Islam
|
Blaan
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Blaan
|
Philippines (Soccsksargen)
|
|
Anitism
|
Black Britons
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas (descendants of Afro-Caribbean Britons) Various African languages → English (adopted language by descendants of sub-Saharan African immigrants) English (adopted language) → Multicultural London English (dialect of those born in London)
|
United Kingdom and British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean (Montserrat, British Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands, Anguilla)
|
Afro-Caribbean Britons
|
Christianity, Rastafari
|
Black Canadians
|
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English → Canadian English (adopted language) Romance → French → Canadian French (adopted language) Various African languages → Canadian English and Canadian French (adopted language by descendants of post-1950s sub-Saharan African immigrants)
|
Canada (Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia)
|
Black Ontarians (including Black Torontonians), Black Montrealers, Black New Brunswickers, Black Nova Scotians
|
Christianity; Islam
|
Blackfoot
|
Algic → Algonquian → Blackfoot
|
Canada (Alberta), United States (Montana)
|
Kainai, Piegan (including Northern Piegan, Southern Piegan), Siksika
|
Native American Church, Christianity
|
Boa
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Boa
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Bas-Uele)
|
|
Christianity
|
Bodo
|
Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Bodo
|
India (Bodoland)
|
Mech, Kachari
|
Bathouism, Hinduism
|
Boeroes
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Surinaams
|
Suriname
|
|
Christianity
|
Boers
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans
|
South Africa (Transvaal)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
|
Bokota
|
Chibchan → Buglere
|
Panama (Bocas del Toro)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Bondei
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sueta → Bondei
|
Tanzania (Pangani District)
|
|
Islam, Traditional African religions
|
Bororo
|
Macro-Je → Bororoan → Bororo
|
Brazil (Mato Grosso)
|
|
Animism
|
Bosniaks
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian → Bosnian
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sandžak (Serbia, Montenegro)
|
Significant populations in Serbia, Turkey, Austria, Germany and the United States
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Botlikhs
|
Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Botlikh
|
Russia (Dagestan)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Bouyei
|
Kra–Dai → Tai → Bouyei
|
China (Guizhou)
|
Giay
|
Moism
|
Bozo
|
Niger–Congo → Mande → Bozo
|
Mali
|
|
Islam
|
Brahuis
|
Dravidian → Northern Dravidian → Brahui
|
Pakistan (Balochistan)
|
Raisani, Jhalawan, Sarawan, Mengal (including Zagar and Zakria Zae), Sasoli
|
Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi
|
Bretons
|
Indo-European → Celtic → Breton<ref name="France" group="note">Due to France's long history of promoting the French language at the expense of others, the vast majority only speak French.</ref>
|
France (Brittany)
|
Significant populations in Canada and the United States
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Bribri
|
Chibchan → Talamanca → Bribri, Bribri Sign
|
Costa Rica (Cordillera de Talamanca)
|
|
Talamancan mythology
|
Bru
|
Austroasiatic → Katuic → Bru
|
Laos (Savannakhet province), Vietnam (Quảng Binh and Quảng Trị provinces)
|
|
Satsana Phi, Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
|
Bubi
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bube
|
Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Budu
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Budu
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Wamba Territory)
|
|
Christianity
|
Budukhs
|
Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Budukh
|
Azerbaijan (Buduq)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Buduma
|
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Yedina
|
Lake Chad (Chad, Nigeria, Cameroon)
|
|
Islam
|
Buginese
|
Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Buginese
|
Indonesia (South Sulawesi)
|
|
Islam, Christianity, folk religion
|
Bulgarians
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Bulgarian, Francosign → Bulgarian Sign
|
Bulgaria
|
Pomaks, Paulicians, Macedonian Bulgarians, Bessarabian Bulgarians, Dobrujan Bulgarians, Thracian Bulgarians, Karakachani, along with significant populations in Turkey, Ukraine and Moldova, Crimea, Romania and Serbia, Croatia, Germany, Spain, and the United States
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Bunak
|
Trans–New Guinea → Timor–Alor–Pantar → Bunak
|
Indonesia (West Timor), East Timor
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Bunun
|
Austronesian → Bunun
|
Taiwan (Nantou)
|
|
Animism, Christianity
|
Burghers
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala, Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil, Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole
|
Sri Lanka
|
Dutch Burghers, Portuguese Burghers
|
Christianity
|
Burushos
|
Burushaski
|
Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan)
|
|
Islam → Shi'ism → Isma'ilism
|
Buryats
|
Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Buryat;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Khalkha → Sartul, Tsongol
|
Russia (Buryatia), China (Inner Mongolia), Mongolia
|
Barga
|
Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism; Shamanism → Mongolian shamanism; Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Butonese
|
Austronesian → Celebic → Butonese<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Indonesia (Buton)
|
|
Islam
|
Bwa
|
Niger–Congo → Gur → Bwa<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Burkina Faso, Mali
|
|
Traditional African religions
|
Bwatiye
|
Afrosiatic → Chadic → Bacama
|
Nigeria (Adamawa State)
|
|
Christianity, Neo-Pentecostalism
|
Cabiyari
|
Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Cabiyari
|
Colombia (Vaupes)
|
|
Christianity
|
Caddo
|
Caddoan → Caddo
|
United States (Oklahoma)
|
|
Peyote religion, Christianity
|
Cahuilla
|
Uto-Aztecan → Cupan → Cahuilla
|
United States (California)
|
Pass Cahuilla (including Agua Caliente Cahuilla, Morongo Cahuilla), Mountain Cahuilla (including Cahuilla Band of Indians, Los Coyotes Cahuilla, Ramona Cahuilla, Santa Rosa Cahuilla), Desert Cahuilla (including Augustine Cahuilla, Cabazon Cahuillla, Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla)
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Moravian; Ethnic religion
|
Caldoche
|
Indo-European → Romance → French, Francosign → French Sign
|
France (New Caledonia)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Camminanti
|
Indo-European → Romance → Sicilian → Baccagghiu
|
Italy (Sicily)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Canary Islanders
|
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Canarian Spanish, Silbo Gomero, Isleño Spanish
|
Spain (Canary Islands)
|
Isleños (including Louisiana Isleños)
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Cape Malays
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, English
|
South Africa (Western Cape)
|
|
Islam
|
Caquetio
|
Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Caquetio
|
Venezuela (Falcón, Zulia), formerly Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire (Netherlands)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Carolinians
|
Austronesian → Micronesian → Carolinian
|
United States (Northern Mariana Islands)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Catalans
|
Indo-European → Romance → Catalan; LSCic → Catalan Sign
|
Catalan Countries (Spain, France, Andorra, Italy)
|
Andorrans, Balears, Algherese, Roussillonese with significant populations in the United States
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Cayuga
|
Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Cayuga
|
Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma)
|
|
Longhouse Religion
|
Chachi<ref group="note">Otherwise known as Cayapas.</ref>
|
Barbacoan → Chaʼpalaa
|
Ecuador (Esmeraldas)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Native American religion<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Chaga
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chaga<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Tanzania
|
Gwenos, Rombos, Central Chaga (including Kahe), Rusa, West Chaga
|
Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religions
|
Chagossians
|
Indo-European → Bourbonnais Creole → Chagossian Creole
|
Chagos Archipelago<ref name="Chagossian expulsion" group="note">Due to the Expulsion of the Chagossians, there are no Chagossians living on the Chagos Archipelago. The majority of Chagossians now live in the United Kingdom, Mauritius, and Seychelles.</ref>
|
|
Christianity, Rastafari
|
Chaharmahali Turks
|
Turkic → Oghuz → Chaharmahali Turkic
|
Iran (Chaharmahal)
|
|
Islam → Shi'ism → Twelver Shi'ism
|
Chakmas
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Chakma
|
Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts)
|
|
Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
|
Chamalals
|
Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Chamalal
|
Russia (Tsumadinsky District)
|
|
Islam → Sunnism; Animism
|
Chamorro
|
Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Chamorro
|
United States (Mariana Islands)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Chams
|
Austronesian → Chamic → Cham<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Champa (Cambodia, Vietnam), China (Hainan)
|
Churu, Jarai, Rade, Raglai, Utsuls
|
Islam → Sunnism, Shi'ism → Bani Islam; Hinduism
|
Channel Islanders
|
Indo-European → Romance → Norman, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Channel Island English
|
British Crown Dependencies (Channel Islands)
|
Jèrriais (including Sercquiais), Guernésiais, before 1960<ref name=satter>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> Auregnais
|
Christianity
|
Chaoui
|
Afroasiatic → Berber → Shawiya
|
Algeria (Aurès)
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Charrúa
|
Charruan languages<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Uruguay
|
Chaná
|
Animism
|
Chechens
|
Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Chechen
|
Russia (Chechnya, Aukh, Orstkhoy-Mokhk), Georgia (Pankisi, Kakheti, Tusheti)
|
Kists, Chechen Kurds, Aukhs (including Veappiis), Orstkhoys, Terloys, Shatoys, Ghendargnoys, Zandkhoys, Chinkhoys, other teips with significant populations in Austria, France, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, and the United States
|
Islam → Sunnism; historically Vainakh religion
|
Chehalis
|
Historically Salishan → Coast Salish → Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis
|
United States (Washington)
|
Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis
|
Ethnic religion
|
Chelkans
|
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Northern Altai → Chelkan
|
Russia (Altai Republic, Kemerovo Oblast)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Burkhanism, Shamanism
|
Chenouas
|
Afroasiatic → Berber → Shenwa
|
Algeria (Mount Chenoua)
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Chepang
|
Sino-Tibetan → Chepangic → Chepang
|
Nepal
|
|
Hinduism
|
Cherokee
|
Iroquoian → Southern Iroquoian → Cherokee<ref name="American Indians" group="note">Due to the a long history of forced assimilation by the American government, the vast majority only speak English.</ref>
|
United States (North Carolina, Tennessee)<ref name="Trail of Tears" group="note">Following the passage of the Indian Removal Act, the Cherokee, the Choctaw, the Chickasaw, and the Muscogee were all forced to relocate their entire population to Oklahoma.</ref>
|
Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band, United Keetoowah Band, Cherokee Freedmen
|
Christianity, Four Mothers Society
|
Chewa
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chewa
|
Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique
|
|
Christianity, Traditional African religions
|
Cheyennes
|
Algic → Algonquian → Cheyenne; Plains Indian Sign<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
|
United States (Montana, Oklahoma)
|
|
Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
|
Chickasaw
|
Muskogean → Western Muskogean → Chickasaw
|
United States (Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee)<ref name="Trail of Tears" group="note" />
|
|
Ethnic religion, Christianity → Protestantism
|
Chinese Tatars
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar; Sino-Tibetan → Chinese → Mandarin
|
China (Xinjiang)
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Chipewyan
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Chipewyan
|
Canada (Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia)
|
|
Christianity, Animism
|
Cho Ro
|
Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Chrau
|
Vietnam, (Dong Nai, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Ba Ria-Vung Tau)
|
|
Animism, Theravada
|
Choctaw
|
Muskogean → Choctaw<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
|
United States (Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana)<ref name="Trail of Tears" group="note" />
|
Choctaw Freedmen
|
Christianity, Choctaw religion
|
Chokwe
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chokwe
|
Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia
|
|
Christianity
|
Cholanaikkans
|
Dravidian → South Dravidian I → Cholanaikkan
|
India (Kerala)
|
|
Animism
|
Chuanqing
|
Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Mandarin Chinese → Southwestern Mandarin
|
China (Guizhou)
|
|
Ethnic religion
|
Chukchis
|
Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Chukchi
|
Chukchia
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
|
Chulyms
|
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Chulym
|
Russia (Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
|
Chumash
|
Chumashan languages<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">The last of the Chumashan languages went extinct in 1965 but revival efforts have been ongoing since 2010.</ref>
|
United States (California)
|
|
Christianity, Native American religion
|
Chutiya
|
Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Deori<ref name="Assam" group="note" />
|
India (Assam)
|
Deori
|
Ekasarana Dharma
|
Chuukese
|
Austronesian → Micronesian → Chuukese
|
Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk Lagoon)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Chuvans
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Russian; Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Chukchi; historically Yukaghir → Chuvan
|
Russia (Chukotka)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
|
Chuvash
|
Turkic → Oghur → Chuvash
|
Russia (Chuvashia)
|
Virjal, Anatri
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy; Vattisen Yaly
|
Cina Kampung<ref name="hsk">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Kra–Dai, Austronesian, and Sino-Tibetan → Southern Thai, Kelantan–Pattani Malay, and Hokkien → Kelantan Peranakan Hokkien
|
Malaysia (Kelantan)
|
|
Buddhism and Chinese folk religion → Theravada and Chinese ancestor worship → Cina Kampung religion
|
Cinta Larga
|
Tupian → Monde → Cinta Larga
|
Brazil (Amazon rainforest)
|
|
Indigenous religion, Santo Daime
|
Circassians
|
Northwest Caucasian → Circassian<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Russia (Circassia)<ref name="Circassian genocide" group="note" />
|
Abzakhs, Adygeans, Besleneys, Bzhedugs, Chemirgoys, Cherkess, Kabardians, Natukhajs, Shapsugs, Ubykhs, Makhosh, Yegeruqways and Hatuqways, with significant populations in Turkey, Israel, Syria, Jordan, Iran, Germany, Iraq, Bulgaria, the United States, Egypt, Libya, and Saudi Arabia
|
Islam → Sunnism → Hanafism, Sufism → Naqshbandism
|
Cirebonese
|
Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Javanese → Cirebonese
|
Indonesia (Cirebon)
|
|
Islam
|
Clatsop
|
Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Italic → Chinook Jargon; historically Chinookan → Lower Chinook → Clatsop
|
United States (Oregon)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Cocopah
|
Yuman → Cocopah
|
Mexico (Baja California, Sonora), United States (Arizona)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Cocos Malays
|
Malay creoles → Cocos Malay
|
Australia (Cocos (Keeling) Islands)
|
significant populations in Malaysia
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Cofan
|
Cofan language
|
Ecuador (Sucumbios), Colombia (Putumayo)
|
|
Animism
|
Coloureds
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, English
|
South Africa (Western Cape)
|
Cape Coloureds (South Africa), Basters (Namibia)
|
Christianity
|
Comanche
|
Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Comanche, Indo-European → Germanic → English
|
United States (Comancheria)
|
|
Native American Church, Christianity
|
Comorians
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Comorian<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Comoros, France (Mayotte)
|
Grande Comorians, Anjouans, Mohélians, Maorais, Significant population in Metropolitan France
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Conch
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English, English creole → Bahamian Creole
|
Bahamas
|
|
Christianity
|
Cook Islanders
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Cook Islands Māori, Austronesian → Polynesian → Penrhyn, Austronesian → Polynesian → Rakahanga-Manihiki, Austronesian → Polynesian → Pukapukan
|
Cook Islands
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Copts
|
Afroasiatic → Egyptian → Coptic,<ref group="note">The original Egyptian language, which morphed into the Coptic language around the 1st century AD, died out as a spoken language around the 17th century and is now only used for religious ceremonies. Today, the Egyptians, including the Copts, speak Egyptian Arabic.</ref> Egyptian Sign
|
Egypt, Sudan, Libya
|
Upper Egypt (Sa'idi),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> Sudan and Libya along with the Coptic diaspora
|
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Coptic Orthodoxy; Christianity → Catholicism → Eastern Catholicism → Coptic Catholicism
|
Cornish
|
Indo-European → Celtic → Cornish;<ref name="Celts" group="note">Due to a long history of English dominance within Great Britain, the Celtic languages within the islands have seen steady decline in use, with some of them eventually going extinct. Although all of them have since seen major language revival movements, English continues to be main language for the majority of this group.</ref> Indo-European → Germanic → English → Cornish English; BANZSL → British Sign
|
United Kingdom (Cornwall)
|
Significant populations in the United States and Australia
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism
|
Corsicans
|
Indo-European → Romance → Corsican<ref name="France" group="note" />
|
France (Corsica)
|
Corsican Americans (including Corsican Puerto Ricans)
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Cossacks
|
Indo-European → Slavic
|
Russia, Kazakhstan
|
Terek Cossacks, Don Cossacks, Kuban Cossacks, Ural Cossacks, Astrakhan Cossacks
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Coushatta
|
Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Koasati
|
United States (Coushatta Indian Reservation, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation, Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town)
|
|
Christianity
|
Cree
|
Algic → Algonquian → Cree<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="First Nation" group="note">Due to the a long history of forced assimilation by the Canadian government, the vast majority can only either speak English.</ref>
|
Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador)
|
James Bay Cree, Moose Cree, Swampy Cree, Woodland Cree, Papaschase
|
Christianity
|
Crimean Tatars
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Middle Crimean Tatar, Northern Crimean Tatar, Dobrujan Tatar; Turkic → Oghuz → Balkan Gagauz → Southern Crimean Tatar; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Balkan Romani → Crimean Romani
|
Ukraine (Crimea)
|
Steppe, Mountain, and Southcoast tribes, Crimean Roma (including Urmacheli, Krimurja, Tayfa), along with Significant populations in Turkey, Romania, and[Uzbekistan
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Croats
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian, Chakavian, Kajkavian, Torlakian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slavomolisano; Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina), Kosovo, Austria (Burgenland), and surrounding regions
|
Bunjevci, Krashovani, Janjevci, Šokci, Bosnian and Herzegovinian Croats, Montenegrin Croats, Serbian Croats, Slovenian Croats, Burgenland Croats, Croat Muslims, along with significant populations in Italy (including Molise Croats), the Czech Republic, the United States, Chile, Argentina, Germany, Australia and Canada
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Crow
|
Siouan → Western Siouan → Crow
|
United States (Montana)
|
|
Christianity, Crow religion
|
Czechoslovaks
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Czech, Indo-European → Slavic → Slovak
|
Czech Republic, Slovakia
|
Significant populations in Canada and the United States
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Czechs
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Czech; Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Czech Sign
|
Czech Republic
|
Bohemians, Chodové, Chods, along with significant populations in United States and Canada
|
Christianity → Catholicism<ref name="non-religious" group="note">Largest practiced religion; the majority/plurality of this group are actually non-religious.</ref>
|
Dagaaba
|
Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagaare
|
Ghana, Burkina Faso
|
|
Christianity, Traditional African religions
|
Dagombas
|
Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagbani
|
Ghana (Kingdom of Dagbon)
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Damara
|
Khoe → Khoekhoe
|
Namibia (Damaraland)
|
|
Christianity
|
Damia
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dameli
|
Pakistan (Chitral District)
|
|
Islam
|
Dane-zaa
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Dane-zaa
|
Canada (British Columbia, Alberta)
|
|
Christianity, Native American religion
|
Danes
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Danish, East Danish, Jutish; Francosign → DTSic → Danish Sign
|
Danish Realm (Denmark), Germany (Southern Schleswig)
|
Significant populations in the United States, Canada, Greenland, and Germany.
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
|
Dani
|
Trans-New Guinea → West Papuan Highlands → Dani<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Papua New Guinea (Baliem Valley)
|
Indonesia (Highland Papua)
|
Christianity → Protestantism, Islam
|
Dargins
|
Northeast Caucasian → Dargin<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Russia (Dagestan)
|
Kaitags, Kubachis, Itsaris, Chirags
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Daurs
|
Mongolic → Dagur
|
China (Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Dawoodi Bohra
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati → Lisan ud-Dawat
|
India, Pakistan
|
|
Islam → Shia → Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism
|
Deccani
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Deccani
|
India (Deccan)
|
Hyderabadi
|
Islam → Sunnism → Sufism; Islam → Shi'ism → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism
|
Deg Xit'an
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Deg Xinag
|
United States (Alaska)
|
|
Christianity
|
Dena'ina
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Dena'ina
|
United States (Alaska)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Animism
|
Dharug
|
Pama-Nyungan → Yuin–Kuric → Dharug
|
Australia (Sydney)
|
|
Dreamtime
|
Dhimal
|
Sino-Tibetan → Dhimalish → Dhimal
|
Nepal
|
|
Hinduism, Kiratism
|
Dinka
|
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dinka
|
South Sudan
|
|
Christianity, Dinka religion
|
Dobrujan Tatars
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Dobrujan Tatar; Indo-European → Romance → Romanian
|
Romania (Constanța County)
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Dogon
|
Niger–Congo → Dogon;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Bangime; Tebul Sign
|
Mali (Bandiagara Escarpment)
|
Ampari Dogon (including Nyamboli), Tebul U, Mombo Dogon, Escarpment Dogon (including Tommo So), Jamsai Dogon, Nanga Dogon, Yanda Dogon, Walo, Beente, Duleri Dogon, Pinia, Bondum Dogon, Dogul Dogon, Budu, Western Plains Dogon, Toro-tegu Dogon, Bangande
|
Traditional African religions
|
Dogras
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dogri
|
India (Jammu Division)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Dolgans
|
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Dolgan
|
Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
|
Doms
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Domari, Garachi
|
Azerbaijan, Middle East, North Africa
|
Garachi, with significant populations in Egypt, Israel, Libya, Sudan, Syria, and Tunisia
|
Islam, Judaism
|
Dominickers
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English
|
United States (Holmes County, Florida)
|
|
Christianity
|
Dongxiangs
|
Mongolic → Shirongolic → Santa
|
China, (Gansu)
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Druze
|
Afroasiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic; DGSic → Israeli Sign
|
Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan)
|
Lebanese Druze, Syrian Druze, Israeli Druze, Jordanian Druze
|
Druzism<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Dubla
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhil → Dubli<ref group="note">Due to their historical low status in India, the majority only speak Gujarati.</ref>
|
Gujarat (India)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Dukha
|
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Dukhan
|
Mongolia (Khövsgöl Province)
|
|
Shamanism → Dukha indigenous religion
|
Dutch
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Low Franconian → Dutch, Dutch Low Saxon;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Francosign → Dutch Sign
|
Netherlands
|
Northern Dutch (including Hollanders, Zeelanders), Southern Dutch<ref name="Southern Dutch" group="note">The Flemings and Dutch, particularly Southern Dutch, have many cultural and linguistic characteristics in common, but due to a combination of religious differences and popular stereotypes within the Netherlands and Flanders based on the cultural extremes of the Northern and Southern Dutch regions, most Flemings will not consider themselves ethnically Dutch and vice versa.</ref> (including Dutch Limburgers, North Brabantians, Kleverlanders)
|
Christianity<ref name="non-religious" group="note" />
|
Dwe'e
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nzime
|
Cameroon
|
|
Christianity
|
Dyula
|
Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Dyula
|
Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
East Indian Catholics
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → East Indian Mahratti
|
India (Seven Islands of Bombay)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism → Latin Catholicism
|
Ebira
|
Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Ebira
|
Nigeria (Kogi State)
|
|
Islam
|
Edo
|
Niger–Congo → Edoid → Edo
|
Nigeria (Edo State)
|
Ika, Emai
|
Christianity
|
Efik
|
Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio-Efik → Efik
|
Nigeria (Cross River State)
|
|
Christianity, Efik religion
|
Ekari
|
Trans-New Guinea → Ekari
|
Indonesia (Wissel Lakes)
|
|
Christianity
|
Ekoi
|
Niger–Congo → Bantoid → Jagham
|
Nigeria, Cameroon
|
|
Christianity, Ekoi religion
|
Embera
|
Choco → Embera<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Colombia (Choco Department), Panama (Darien, Embera)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Enets
|
Uralic → Samoyedic → Enets<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai)
|
|
Shamanism
|
English
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English
|
England
|
New Forest commoners, Vectensians
|
Christianity
|
Eora
|
Pama-Nyungan → Yuin–Kuric → Dharug
|
Australia (Sydney)
|
|
Dreamtime
|
Erzyas
|
Uralic → Mordvinic → Erzya
|
Russia (Mordovia), Armenia (Gegharkunik Province)
|
Shokshas, Erzya Molokans<ref name="mordva">Исследование традиционной культуры и быта молокан-эрзя в Армении. НИИ ГН при правительстве Республики Мордовия</ref>
|
Christianity → Russian Orthodox, Protestantism → Lutheranism; Erzyas native religion
|
Esan
|
Niger–Congo → Edoid → Esan
|
Nigeria (Esanland)
|
|
Christianity
|
Estonians
|
Uralic → Finnic → Estonian, Uralic → Finnic → South Estonian, Francosign → RSLic → Estonian Sign
|
Estonia, Setomaa (Estonia and Russia), Latvia (Ludza, Gauja)
|
Setos, Võros, Hiiumaans, Saaremaans, Ludza Estonians, Gauja Estonians, with significant populations in Argentina, Australia, Canada, Finland, Georgia (including Abkhazia), the United States
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism<ref name="non-religious" group="note" />
|
Eurasian Singaporeans
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English
|
Singapore
|
|
Christianity
|
Evenks
|
Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Evenki
|
Russia, China
|
|
Shamanism
|
Evens
|
Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Even, Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Yakut
|
Russia (Kamchatka Krai, Magadan Oblast, Sakha)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Ewe
|
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ewe, Waci, Kpessi
|
Togo, Ghana
|
Agave, Agome, Anlo, Avenor, Waci
|
Christianity, West African Vodun
|
Eyak
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Eyak, Indo-European → Germanic → English
|
United States (Alaska)
|
|
Christianity
|
Falkland Islanders
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Falkland Islands English
|
British Overseas Territories (Falkland Islands)
|
|
Christianity
|
Fang
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Fang
|
Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Gabon
|
|
Christianity
|
Faroe Islanders
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Faroese, Indo-European → Germanic → Danish → Gøtudanskt
|
Danish Realm (Faroe Islands)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
|
Fijians<ref group="note">Endonymically known as iTaukei.</ref>
|
Austronesian → Central Pacific → Fijian
|
Fiji
|
Significant populatitons in the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism
|
Finns
|
Uralic → Finnic → Finnish, Meänkieli, Siberian Ingrian Finnish; Indo-European → Germanic → Finland Swedish; SSLic → FSLic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Fennoscandia (Finland, Russia, Sweden, Norway)
|
Forest Finns, Tornedalians, Ingrian Finns (including Siberian Finns (including Korlaks)), Savonians, Tavastians, Finns proper, Ostrobothnians, Finnish Karelians, Finland Swedes, Kainuu, and Murmansk Finns, along with significant populations in Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, United States (including Findians), Argentina, and Canada (including Findians).
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
|
Fipa
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu (Zone M) → Fipa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mambwe-Lungu
|
Rukwa Region, Tanzania (Sumbawanga Rural District, Nkasi District)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Flemings<ref name="Southern Dutch" group="note"/>
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Zeelandic, West Flemish, Dutch → Flemish; Francosign → Belgian Sign → Flemish Sign
|
Belgium (Flanders, Brussels), France (French Flanders), Netherlands (Zeelandic Flanders)
|
Belgian Flemings, Zeelandic Flemings, French Flemings
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Fon
|
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Fon
|
Benin (Dahomey)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, West African Vodun
|
French
|
Indo-European → Romance → French Francosign → French Sign American Sign → Quebec Sign (used only by the Quebecois)
|
France
|
Bigordans
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
French Canadians
|
Indo-European → Romance → French → Canadian French, Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Quebec Sign
|
Canada
|
Quebecois, Acadians (including Chiac), Franco-Terreneuvians, Franco-Ontariens, Franco-Manitobains, Fransaskois, Franco-Albertains, Franco-Colombiens, Franco-Yukonnais, Franco-Tenois, Franco-Nunavois, Brayons, Muskrat French, French-Canadian Americans
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
French Louisianians
|
Indo-European → French Creole → Louisiana Creole, Indo-European → Romance → French → Louisiana French, Missouri French; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Cajun English; historically Indo-European → French Creole → Alabama Creole
|
United States (Louisiana, Alabama, and Missouri)
|
Louisiana Creoles (including Louisiana Cajuns and Louisiana Creoles of color), Alabama Creoles (including Alabama Cajuns), and Missouri Creoles
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Louisiana Voodoo
|
Frisians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Frisian;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Indo-European → Germanic → Friso-Saxon;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → West Frisian Dutch; Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch and Mainland West Frisian → Stadsfries Dutch
|
Frisia (Netherlands, Germany, historically Denmark)
|
West Frisians (including Westlauwers Frisians, Hindeloopen Frisians, Molkwerum Frisians, Schiermonnikoog Frisians, and Terschelling Frisians), East Frisians, North Frisians, Saterland Frisians, with significant populations in the United States
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism, Lutheranism<ref name="non-religious" group="note">Largest practiced religion; the majority/plurality of this group are actually non-religious.</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|
Friulians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Friulian
|
Italy (Friuli)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Fula
|
Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Fula<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
West Africa (Guinea, Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin, Chad)<ref name="nomadic" group="note">This ethnic group is largely a nomadic or semi-nomadic one and do not have a particular area to claim as a primary homeland; these countries are listed here due to having a significant population.</ref>
|
Wodaabe, Maasina Fulfulde, Sierra Leonean Fula
|
Islam
|
Fur
|
Furan → Fur
|
Sudan (Darfur)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Futunans
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Futunan
|
France (Wallis and Futuna)
|
|
Christianity
|
Fuyu Kyrgyz
|
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Fuyu Kyrgyz
|
China (Fuyu County)
|
|
Buddhism → Vajrayana → Tibetan Buddhism
|
Ga-Adangbe
|
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ga–Dangme<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Greater Accra (Ghana)
|
Ga, Adangbe
|
Christianity
|
Gabrieleños
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish, Uto-Aztecan → Takic → Gabrieleno<ref group="note">The Gabrieleno language went extinct around 1900, but revival efforts have been ongoing since the 2000s. Most are fluent in English and/or Spanish</ref>
|
United States (California)
|
|
Native American religion, Christianity
|
Gaddang<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Philippine → Northern Luzon → Cagayan Valley → Gaddang<ref group="note">Otherwise known as Cagayan.</ref>
|
Philippines (Cagayan Valley, Cordillera Administrative Region)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Ga'dang, Gaddang proper, Yogad, Maddukayang, Katalangan, Iraya, along with significant populations in the rest of Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, Middle East, United Kingdom, and United States<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism<ref>Template:Cite report</ref>
|
Gade
|
Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gade
|
Nigeria (Niger State)
|
|
Gobo
|
Gagauz
|
Turkic → Oghuz → Gagauz
|
Moldova (Gagauzia, Taraclia, Basarabeasca), Ukraine (Budjak)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Gajal
|
Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish, Indo-European → Slavic → Bulgarian
|
Bulgaria (Ludogorie), Turkey (East Thrace)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Galela
|
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Galela
|
Indonesia (North Maluku)
|
|
Islam, Christianity
|
Galicians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Galician, Spanish → Castrapo
|
Spain (Galicia, Galicia irredenta)
|
Couto Mixtans
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Gamilaraay
|
Pama-Nyungan → Wiradhuric → Gamilaraay
|
Australia (New South Wales, Queensland)
|
|
Alcheringa
|
Ganda
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Luganda
|
Uganda (Buganda)
|
Abayudaya
|
Christianity
|
Garhwalis
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Garhwali
|
India (Uttarakhand)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Garifunas
|
Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Garifuna<ref group="note">Like its speakers, the Garifuna language is the only remnant of the Island Carib language.</ref>
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<ref group="note">Following the Second Carib War, the majority of the Garifuna were deported to Honduras, where they later spread to Guatemala, Belize, and Nicaragua. Since then, Honduras has seen high murder rates, causing many to flee to United States.</ref>
|
Significant populations in the United States
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Garos
|
Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Garo
|
India (Garo Hills)
|
|
Christianity, Songsarek
|
Gaviao (Je)
|
Macro-Je → Je → Para Gaviao → Parkateje, Macro-Je → Je → Para Gaviao → Pykobje
|
Brazil (Pará, Maranhão)
|
Parkateje, Pykobje
|
Animism
|
Gaviao (Rondonia)
|
Tupian → Monde → Gavião of Jiparaná
|
Brazil (Rondonia)
|
|
Animism
|
Gayonese
|
Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Gayo
|
Indonesia (Bener Meriah, Central Aceh, and Gayo Lues Regencies)
|
|
Islam
|
Gbagyi
|
Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gwari
|
Nigeria
|
|
Traditional African religions
|
Gbaya
|
Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Gbaya<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Central African Republic, Cameroon
|
Bokoto, Kara, Buli (including Toongo), Ali, Mandja, Gbaya-Bossangoa, Bozom, Mbodomo, Gbanu, Bangandu
|
Islam
|
Gedeo
|
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Gedeo
|
Ethiopia (Gedeo)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay
|
Gelao
|
Kra–Dai → Kra → Gelao<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">Many of the Gelao dialects are mutually unintelligible; they are known to intermarry with other ethnic groups; recently, these factors have resulted in most of the populations speaking only Chinese.</ref>
|
China (Guizhou)
|
|
Taoism, Buddhism
|
Georgians
|
Kartvelian languages;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Bats; Georgian Sign
|
Georgia, Azerbaijan (Saingilo), northern Turkey
|
Adjarians, Bats,<ref group="note">Although a Nakh people, they are heavily assimilated into Georgian society.</ref> Gurians, Imeretians, Imerkhevians, Ingiloys, Javakhians, Kakhetians, Khevsurians, Meskhetians, Mingrelians, Mokheves, Mtiuletians, Pshavs, Rachians, Svans, Tushetians, with significant populations in Turkey (including Chveneburi), France, Belgium, Poland, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, the United States, and Iran
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Georgian Orthodoxy
|
Germans
|
Indo-European → Germanic → High German, Low German
|
Germany
|
Black Sea Germans, Crimea Germans, Volga Germans, Transylvania Saxons, Carpathian Germans with significant populations in United States, Canada, German, Argentina, and Mexico
|
Christianity
|
German-speaking Swiss
|
Indo-European → Germanic → High German → Swiss German
|
Switzerland (Aargau, Appenzell, Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Stadt, Bael-Landschaft, Glarus, Lucerne, Nidwalden, Obwalde, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, St. Gallen, Thurgau, Uri, Zug, Zurich, Bern, Fribourg, Valais, Grisons
|
|
Christianity → Calvinism
|
Ghomaras
|
Afroasiatic → Berber → Ghomara
|
Morocco (Western Rif)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Ghorbati
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Persian, Ghorbati<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Central Asia
|
Mugats
|
Islam → Shia Islam
|
Gibraltarians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Llanito; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Gibraltarian English; BANZSL → British Sign<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
British Overseas Territories (Gibraltar)
|
Significant populations in the United Kingdom
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Gilaks
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Gilaki
|
Iran (Gilan)
|
|
Islam → Twelver Shi’ism
|
Gitxsan
|
Tsimshianic → Nass–Gitksan → Gitxsan
|
Canada (Skeena Country)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Gnawas
|
Afroasiatic → Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic
|
Morocco
|
|
Islam and Animism → Sufism and Animism → Gnawa religion
|
Goan Catholics
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani → Goan Konkani
|
India (Goa)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Godoberis
|
Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Godoberi
|
Russia (Dagestan)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Gogo
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Gogo
|
Tanzania (Dodoma Region)
|
|
Christianity, African Traditional Religion
|
Gola
|
Niger–Congo → Gola
|
Liberia, Sierra Leone
|
|
Islam
|
Gonds
|
Dravidian → Gondi<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">Due to their historical low status in India, the majority only speak Hindi.</ref>
|
India (Gondwana)
|
Godha, Madia Gonds, Muria, Koya
|
Hinduism, Koyapunem
|
Gorals
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Lechitic → Gorolski<ref name="Gorolski" group="note">Gorolski is not a distinct language, but rather a group of Lechitic dialects spoken by Gorals that fall into various Lechitic languages.</ref>
|
Southern Poland, northern Slovakia, Cieszyn Silesia (Poland, Czech Republic)
|
Sącz Lachs, Silesian Gorals
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
|
Gorani
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Torlakian → Gorani
|
Gora (Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Gorontalo
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Gorontaloan
|
Indonesia (Gorontalo)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Gosha
|
Niger-Congo → Bantu → Zigula → Mushunguli
|
Somalia
|
|
Islam
|
Great Andamanese
|
Great Andamanese<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
India (Great Andaman)
|
|
Animism
|
Greeks
|
Indo-European → Hellenic;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Turkic → Kipchak → Urum, Turkish → Karamanli Turkish, Tsalka; Indo-European → Romance → Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian; Indo-European → Albanian → Arvanitika; Indo-European → Slavic → Macedo-Bulgarian;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Greek Sign; Cypriot Sign
|
Greece, Cyprus, Albania (Northern Epirus), Ukraine (Crimea, Pryazovia), Turkey (Cappadocia, Pontus, Istanbul), Italy (Magna Graecia), Bulgaria (Balkan Mountains, Rila, Northeastern Bulgaria), North Macedonia, Egypt, the Caucasus, and surrounding regions
|
Greek Cypriots (including Greek Northern Cypriots), Asia Minor Greeks (including Pontic Greeks, Cappadocian Greeks (including Karamanlides), Constantinopolites, Ionian Greeks), Greek Muslims (including Vallahades, Cretan Muslims), Sarakatsani (including Karakachani), Souliotes, Azov Greeks (including Mariupol Greeks, Crimean Urums), Italiots (including Grikos and Grecanici), Macedonian Greeks, Tsakonians, Maniots, Karagounides, Template:Ill, Phanariots, Egyptian Greeks (including Alexandrian Greeks), Caucasus Greeks (including Tsalka Urums), Sfakians, Slavophone Greeks, Corfiot Greeks, Melkites (including Antiochian Greeks and Jerusalemite Greeks) and also sizeable populations of Arvanites, Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians who identify as ethnic Greeks (including Helleno-Vlachs), along with significant populations in Albania (including Northern Epirotes (including Himariotes)), Turkey, Ukraine, Georgia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Azerbaijan, Australia, France, Italy, Malta, Armenia, Egypt, and Canada
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Greek Byzantine Catholicism, historically Hellenism, Neoplatonism, Greco-Roman Mysteries
|
Gros Ventre
|
Algic → Algonquian → Gros Ventre
|
United States (Montana)
|
|
Sun Dance
|
Guajajara
|
Tupian → Tenetehara
|
Brazil (Maranhão)
|
|
Shamanism, Santo Daime
|
Guan
|
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Guang<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Ghana (Brong-Ahafo and Volta Regions)
|
Gonja, Kyode, Cherepon, Efutu, Anyanga, Larteh, Chumburung, Krache, Anum-Boso
|
Christianity
|
Guarani
|
Tupian → Guarani
|
Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones), Bolivia
|
Chiriguanos
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Gujarati
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati
|
India (Gujarat)
|
Koli, Bharwad, Khoja, Patidar, Sunni Bohra, Lohana, Vagri, Kharva, Charan, Baria, Momna, Ghanchi, Shenva, Bhambi Khalpa, Zarabes, Bhoi, Gujarati Americans
|
Hinduism, Islam, Jainism
|
Gumuz
|
Bʼaga languages<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region)
|
|
Traditional African religion
|
Guna
|
Chibchan → Guna
|
Panama (Guna Yala)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Gurage
|
Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Gurage;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> historically Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Mesmes
|
Ethiopia (Guragia)
|
Kistane, Zay, Inor, Mesqan, Muher Sebat Bet (including Chaha)
|
Christianity
|
Gurindji
|
Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Gurindji, Pama–Nyungan and Indo-European → Gurindji and Australian Kriol → Gurindji Kriol
|
Australia (Northern Territory)
|
|
Dreamtime
|
Gurjars
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujari
|
Primarily Pakistan and India, also Afghanistan at smaller numbers
|
Khatana, Solanki, Parihar, Tanwar, Parmar, chandel, Chauhan, Bhadana, Bhatti, Kohli, Tomar, Panwar, Pawar, Bainsla, Bagri, Hans, etc.
|
Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism
|
Gurma
|
Niger–Congo → Gur → Gourmanche
|
Gurmaland (Burkina Faso, Ghana)
|
Ntcham, Bimoba
|
Islam
|
Gurungs
|
Sino-Tibetan → Gurung
|
Nepal, India (Sikkim, West Bengal)
|
|
Buddhism → Vajrayana → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon, Hinduism
|
Gurunsi
|
Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo
|
Lukpa, Kabye, Tem, Lamba, Delo, Bago-Kusuntu, Chala, Lyele, Nuna, Kalamse, Pana, Winye, Deg, Puguli, Paasaal, Sisaala, Chakali, Siti, Tamprusi, Vagla
|
Traditional African religions, Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Gwich'in
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Gwich'in
|
Canada (Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories), United States (Alaska)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Ha
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ha
|
Tanzania (Kigoma Region)
|
|
Animism
|
Hadiya
|
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Hadiyya
|
Ethiopia (Hadiya)
|
|
Islam
|
Hadza
|
Hadza language
|
Tanzania (Karatu District)
|
|
Hadza mythology
|
Haida
|
Haida languages,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> historically Haida Jargon
|
Canada (Haida Gwaii), United States (Prince of Wales Island)
|
Kaigani Haida
|
Haida Traditional Faith
|
Haisla
|
Wakashan → Haisla
|
Canada (British Columbia)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Hän
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Han
|
Canada (Yukon Territory), United States (Alaska)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Han Chinese
|
Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Chinese;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> CSLic languages;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> JSLic → Taiwan Sign; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Manglish, Singlish, Hong Kong English; Austronesian → Malayic → Bazaar Malay → Baba Malay; Austronesian → Murutic–Papar–Tatana → Tatana; historically Sino-Tibetan → Chinese → Ba–Shu; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Chinese Pidgin English; Indo-European → Slavic → Russian → Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin
|
China, Taiwan, Singapore, Myanmar (Kokang), Malaysia (Labuan, Sabah)
|
Subei, Yue (including Cantonese, Punti, Taishanese (including Taishanese Hongkongers), Hongkongers (including Punti), Macau, and Namshun), Tankas (including Fuzhou Tankas), Màirén, Hui (including Panthays), Fujianese (including Fuzhounese, Hoklos, Hui'an maidens, Putianese, Fujianese Hongkongers, Fokien, and Teochew), Gaoshan Han, Gan, Tunbao, Pinghua (including Northern Pinghua and Southern Pinghua), Hakka (including Ngai (including Dan)), Hainanese, Hebei, Hunanese, Jianghuai, Shandong, Sichuanese, Wu (including Shanghainese, Ningbonese, and Wenzhounese), Kokang Chinese, Han Taiwanese (including Hoklo Taiwanese and Hakka Taiwanese and Waishengren), Sino-Singaporeans (including Straits Chinese), Chin Haw, Hwagyo, Zhongum), along with significant populations in the United States (including Hoklos, Hongkongers, Fuzhounese Americans, and Hakkas), Mongolia, Malaysia (including Penangite Chinese, Straits Chinese, Sino-Natives (including Tatanas), and Peranakans (including Baba-Nyonya and Kiau–Seng)), Thailand, Indonesia (including Benteng), Myanmar, Canada (including Hongkongers), the Philippines (including Sangleys), Peru, Australia (including Hong Kong Australians), Vietnam (including Chinese Nùng and Ngai (including Dan)), Japan, Russia, France (including Chinois and Wenzhounese French), the United Kingdom (including Hong Kong Britons), South Africa, Italy, Bulgaria, Germany, Korea (including North Korea and South Korea), Fiji, Finland, Spain, India (including Zhongum), Laos, Brazil, the Netherlands (including Hongkongers), Argentina, Panama, Madagascar, Mauritius (including Namshun, Fokien, Hakka, and Sino-creoles), Seychelles, Venezuela, Cambodia (including Teochew, Cantonese Cambodians, Hainanese Cambodians, Hoklos, and Hakkas), Belgium, Denmark, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Czech Republic, Chinese Bangladeshis, the Caribbean (including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Belize, Suriname, and Guyana), Chile, Costa Rica, Brazil, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Mozambique, Romania, Samoa, Serbia, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Cape Verde, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, the Republic of Congo, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and New Zealand
|
Chinese folk religion, Buddhism → Chinese Buddhism, Taoism, Irreligion (see also Religion in China and Religion in Taiwan)
|
Hangaza
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hangaza
|
Tanzania (Kagera Region)
|
|
Christianity
|
Hani
|
Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Hani
|
China (Yunnan)
|
|
Animism
|
Harari
|
Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Harari
|
Ethiopia (Hararia)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Haratins
|
Afroasiatic → Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Afroasiatic → Berber<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Mauritania
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Hausa
|
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Hausa
|
Hausaland (Niger, Nigeria, Ghana)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Hawaiians
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Hawaiian,<ref group="note">Since Hawaii's annexation into the United States, English has almost completely supplanted Hawaiian.</ref> Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Hawaiian Pidgin, Hawaiʻi Sign, Hawaiʻi Sign and American Sign → Creole Hawaiʻi Sign
|
United States (Hawaii)
|
|
Christianity, Hawaiian religion
|
Ḫawlan bin ʾAmir
|
Afroasiatic → Sayhadic → Razihi, Faifi
|
Yemen (Saada Governorate), Saudi Arabia (Fifa Mountains)
|
Razihis, Faifis
|
Islam → Shia Islam → Zaydism
|
Haya
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Haya
|
Tanzania (Kagera Region)
|
|
Christianity, Ruhanga
|
Hazaras
|
Karluks → Indo-European → Persian → Hazaragi
|
Afghanistan (Hazarajat)
|
|
Islam → Shia and Sunni
|
Hehe
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hehe
|
Tanzania (Iringa Region)
|
|
Christianity
|
Heiltsuk
|
Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Heiltsuk
|
Canada (Central Coast Regional District)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Helong<ref group="note">Otherwise known as Kupangese.</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
|
Austronesian → Timoric → Helong
|
Indonesia (Kupang Regency, Semau Island, Flores Island)
|
|
Christianity
|
Herero
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Herero
|
Namibia (Hereroland), Angola
|
OvaHimba, Ovambanderu
|
Christianity
|
Highland Travellers
|
Indo-European → Celtic → Scottish Gaelic → Beurla Reagaird
|
United Kingdom (Scottish Highlands)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Hindustani
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani
|
Hindustani Belt, Pakistan, Deccan, Old Dhaka
|
Urdu-speaking people, Hindi-speaking people
|
Hinduism, Islam
|
Hinukh
|
Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Hinuq
|
Russia (Tsuntinsky and Kizlyarsky districts)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Hispanic Americans
|
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → American Spanish
|
Hispanic America (Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Bolivia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Paraguay, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Uruguay), United States (Puerto Rico, Texas, New Mexico, California, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana), Belize
|
Mexicans (including Northeastern Mexicans, Northwestern Mexicans, Baja Californians, Western Mexicans, Abajeno, Central Mexicans, Southern Mexican, Coastal Mexican, Chiapaneco, Yucateco, Basque-Mexican, Mexican-American), Colombian (Cundinamarqués, Bogotan, Boyacense, Santandereano, Huilense, Tolimense, Paisa, Caucano, Pastuso, Valluno, Llanero, Amazonian Colombian, Guajiro, Sabanero, Samario, Vallenato, Chochoano, Tumaqueño, Basque-Colombian, Colombian-American), Argentinian (North Argentinian, Guaranitic, Cuyano, Cordobes, Puntano, Litoraleno, Porteno, Patagonian, Basque-Argentinian, Argentinian-American), Peruvian (Ecuatorial Peruvian, Coastal Peruvian, Andean Peruvian, Amazonian Peruvian, Peruvian-American), Hispanic Venezuelans (Amazonian Venezuelans, Llaneros, Andean Venezuelans, Western Venezuelans, Eastern Venezuelan, Island Venezuelans, Caraquenos, Zulianos, Central Venezuelans, Venezuelan-American, Venezuelan-Colombian), Chilean (Chilean-American), Ecuadorian (Quitenos, Riobambenos, Cuencanos, Lojano, Esmeraldeno, Manabita, Guayaco, Amazonian Ecuadorian, Ecuadorian Americans), Guatemalans (Guatemalan-American), Bolivian (Bolivian-American), Cubans (including Cuban Americans), Dominicans (Dominican-American), Honduran (Honduran-American), Paraguayan (Paraguayan-American), Nicaraguan (Nicaraguan-American), Salvadoran (Caliche, Salvadoran-American), Costa Rican (Costa Rican-American), Panamanians (including Panamanian Americans), Uruguayans (including Uruguayan Americans), Isleños, Hispanic-Belizean, Puerto Ricans, Hispanic Americans in the United States (including Chicanos, Nuyoricans), colonial-era Hispanos in the US and their modern descendants (Tejanos, Californios, Nuevomexicanos, Floridanos, Louisiana Isleños, Louisiana Spanish-Creoles), Spanish Americans (Asturian Americans, Basque Americans, Catalan Americans, Canarian Americans, Galician Americans), along with significant populations in the United States, Spain, France, Canada, Italy, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, Australia and Sweden
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Hmong
|
Hmong–Mien → Hmongic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
China (Guizhou)<ref group="note">Following the suppression of Miao Rebellion of 1854–1873, the majority of the Hmong fled further south to Guangxi, Yunnan, Vietnam, and Laos.</ref>
|
A-Hmao, Gha-Mu, Xong, Pa-Hng, Hmong Americans
|
Hmong folk religion
|
Holikachuk
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Holikachuk
|
United States (Alaska)
|
|
Christianity, Animism
|
Hopi
|
Uto-Aztecan → Hopi
|
United States (Hopi Reservation)
|
|
Christianity, Native American Church
|
Huli
|
Trans–New Guinea → Engan → Huli
|
Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands Province)
|
|
Christianity, Papuan religion
|
Hungarians
|
Uralic → Hungarian; Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Hungarian Sign; historically Indo-European → Iranic → Jassic
|
Hungary, Romania (Székely Land, Csángó Land, Bukovina), and neighboring regions
|
Palóc, Matyó, Magyarabs, Hungarian Cumans, Jasz, along with significant populations in Romania (including Szekelys (including Bukovina Szekelys) and Csangos), Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine, Croatia, Slovenia, Austria, Germany, the United States, and Canada
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Eastern Catholicism → Hungarian Greek Catholicism, Hungarian Unitarianism
|
Hunsrikers
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Hunsrik
|
Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
|
Hunzibs
|
Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Hunzib
|
Russia (Tsuntinsky District)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Hutterites
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Hutterite German
|
Great Plains (United States, Canada)
|
Schmiedeleut, Lehrerleut, Dariusleut
|
Christianity → Anabaptism
|
Hutu
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi<ref name="Hutu, Tutsi, Twa" group="note">Refers specifically to the Kinyarwanda and Kirundi dialects. The other speakers of the dialects within the Rwanda-Rundi continuum are considered to be separate from the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa peoples.</ref>
|
Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu)
|
|
Christianity
|
Iatmul
|
Sepik → Iatmul
|
Papua New Guinea (East Sepik Province)
|
|
Christianity
|
Iban
|
Austronesian → Malayic → Iban
|
Malaysia (Sarawak)
|
Mualang
|
Christianity
|
Ibanag
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Ibanag
|
Philippines (Isabela, Cagayan)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Ibibio
|
Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Anaang, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Eket,
|
Nigeria (Akwa Ibom State)
|
Eket, Anaang, Oron
|
Christianity
|
Icelanders
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Icelandic, Francosign → DTSic → Icelandic Sign
|
Iceland
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism, Asartu
|
Idoma
|
Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Idoma
|
Nigeria (Benue State)
|
Agatu, Alago, Yala
|
Christianity
|
Igbo
|
Niger–Congo → Igbo
|
Nigeria (Igboland)
|
Anioma, Aro, Edda, Ekpeye, Etche, Ezaa, Ika, Ikwerre, Ikwo, Isu, Izzi, Mbaise, Mgbo, Ngwa, Nri-Igbo, Ogba, Ohafia, Ohuhu, Onitsha-Ado, Ukwuani, Waawa
|
Christianity, Odinala
|
Igede
|
Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Igede
|
Nigeria (Benue State)
|
|
Christianity
|
Igorot
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Philippines (Cordillera Administrative Region)
|
Balangao, Bontoc, Ibaloi, Ifugao (including Kalanguya), Isnag, Kalinga, Kankanaey
|
Anitism
|
Ijaw
|
Niger–Congo → Ijaw<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Nigeria (Rivers, Bayelsa, and Delta States)
|
Bille, Engenni, Ibani, Kalabari, Kula, Nkoro, Nkoroo, Obolo
|
Christianity
|
Ili Turks
|
Turkic → Karluk → Ili Turki
|
China (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture), Kazakhstan
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Ilocano
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Ilocano
|
Philippines (Ilocos Region)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Imraguen
|
Afroasiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic → Imraguen
|
Mauritania, Western Sahara
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Indo-Caribbeans
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → English Creole; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Caribbean Spanish; Indo-European → Romance → French → French Creole; Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Surinamese Dutch; Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Papiamento; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Caribbean Hindustani; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil
|
Caribbean
|
Indo-Barbadians, Indo-Dominicans, Indo-Grenadians, Indo-Guadeloupeans, Indo-Haitians, Indo-Jamaicans, Indo-Martiniquais, Indo-Kittitians and Indo-Nevisians, Indo-Saint Lucians, Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonians, Indo-Vincentians, Indo-Belizeans, Indo-Guyanese, Indo-Surinamese, with significant populations in the United States and the United Kingdom
|
Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Baháʼí
|
Indo-Fijians
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Fiji Hindi; Indo-European → Germanic → English; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil; Austronesian → Central Pacific → Fijian
|
Fiji
|
Significant populations in Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada, and United Kingdom
|
Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism
|
Indo-Mauritians
|
Indo-European → French-based creole → Mauritian Creole; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhojpuri; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil
|
Mauritius
|
|
Hinduism, Islam
|
Indo-South Africans
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → South African English
|
South Africa
|
|
Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism
|
Indos
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch; Austronesian → Malayic → Indonesian–Malaysian Malay → Indonesian
|
Indonesia
|
|
Christianity
|
Indus Kohistanis
|
Indo-European → Dardic → Indus Kohistani
|
Pakistan (Kohistan)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Ingushes
|
Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Ingush, Chechen → Orstkhoy
|
Russia (Ingushetia, Orstkhoy-Mokhk, Ossetian Prigorodny, Vladikavkaz)
|
Orstkhoys, Dzherakhs, Sholkhis, Feappiis, Khamkhins, Tsorins, Galashians, Nazranians, other shahars
|
Islam → Sunni Islam → Shafi'i; historically Vainakh religion
|
Innu
|
Algic → Algonquian → Innu-aimun, Naskapi
|
Canada (Nitassinan)
|
Naskapi (including Kawawachikamach Naskapi, Mushuau Naskapi), Nutashkuan Innu, Ekuanitshit Innu, Mushuau Innu, Sheshatshiu Innu, Matimekush-Lac John Innu, Uashat–Mani-Utenam Innu, Essipit Innu, Pekuakamiulnuatsh Innu, Pessamit Innu, Pakuashipi Innu, Unamenshipit Innu
|
Animism
|
Inuit
|
Eskaleut → Inuit,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Inuit Sign language
|
Danish Realm (Greenland), Canada (Inuit Nunangat), United States (Alaska)
|
Greenlanders (including Kalaallit, Tunumiit, Inughuit and Greenlandic Danes), Inupiat (including Nunamiut), Inuktitut, Inuvialuit, Iglulik Inuit (including Aivilingmiut), historically Ahiarmiut
|
Christianity, Inuit religion
|
Iranis
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Zoroastrian Dari
|
India
|
|
Zoroastrianism
|
Iranun
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Iranun
|
Philippines (Mindanao)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Iraqw
|
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Iraqw
|
Tanzania
|
|
Christianity
|
Irish
|
Indo-European → Celtic → Irish, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Hiberno-English, Francosign → Irish Sign, BANZSL → British Sign → Northern Ireland Sign; historically Indo-European → Germanic → Yola
|
Ireland
|
Irish Catholics, Yola (including Forthers, Bargymen), significant populations in the United States (including Scotch-Irish Americans), United Kingdom (including Ulster Scots people), Canada (including Scotch-Irish Canadians), Australia, New Zealand, Mainland Europe, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Puerto Rico, and India
|
Christianity → Catholicism and Protestantism
|
Irish Travellers
|
Indo-European → Irish and English → Shelta, Francosign → Irish Sign
|
Ireland
|
Significant populations in the United Kingdom, and the United States
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Isan
|
Kra–Dai → Tai → Isan
|
Thailand (Isan)
|
|
Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
|
Isoko
|
Niger–Congo → Edoid → Isoko
|
Nigeria (Isoko region)
|
|
Christianity
|
Istro-Romanians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Istro-Romanian
|
Croatia (Istria)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Italians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Italian, Istriot, Ligurian, Lombard; Indo-European → Slavic → Slavomolisano; Francosign → LISic → Italian Sign;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> historically Indo-European → Romance → Dalmatian
|
Italy, Switzerland (Italian Grisons, Ticino), France (Nice), San Marino, Vatican City, Croatia (Dalmatia, Croatian Istria), Montenegro (Dalmatia), Slovenia (Slovenian Istria, Slovene Littoral)
|
Lombards, Molise Croats,<ref>Anita Sujoldžić, "Molise Croatian Idiom" Template:Webarchive, Coll. Antropol. 28 Suppl. 1 (2004) 263–274 <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />Along with the institutional support provided by the Italian government and Croatian institutions based on bilateral agreements between the two states, the Slavic communities also received a new label for their language and a new ethnic identity – Croatian, and there have been increasing tendencies to standardize the spoken idiom on the basis of Standard Croatian. It should be stressed, however, that although they regarded their different language as a source of prestige and self-appreciation, these communities have always considered themselves to be Italians who in addition have Slavic origins and at best accept to be called Italo-Slavic, while the term "Molise Croatian" emerged recently as a general term in scientific and popular literature to describe the Croatian-speaking population living in the Molise.{{#if:|{{#if:|}}
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|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Itawes
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Itawis
|
Philippines (Cagayan Valley)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Itelmens
|
Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Kamchatkan → Itelmen
|
Russia (Kamchatka Peninsula)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Ivatans
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Batanic → Ivatan
|
Philippines (Batanes)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Izhorians
|
Uralic → Finnic → Ingrian
|
Russia (Ingria)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Jadgals
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Jadgali
|
Balochistan (Pakistan (Balochistan), Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan)), Oman
|
Sardarzahi, Bizenjo, Zehri, Sasoli, Mengal, Mir, Hoot
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Jamaican Maroons
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Jamaican Patois, Jamaican Maroon Creole
|
Jamaica
|
|
Kumfu
|
Jambian
|
Austronesian → Jambian
|
Indonesia (Jambia)
|
Batin
|
Sunni Islam
|
Japanese/Yamato
|
Japonic → Japanese,<ref name="Language family" group="note" />Template:Refn Hachijō; JSLic → Japanese Sign; Miyakubo Sign Language
|
Japan
|
Kantō, Kansai, Hokkaido, Tōhoku, Hōnichi, Satsugū, Chūgoku, Echigo, Tōkai, Shinshuu, Hokuriku, Hachijō, Miyakubo, Tsugaru, and Nikkei Brazilians in Japan, along with significant populations in Brazil, the United States (including Hawaii), Canada, the Caribbean (including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Jamaica), Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Venezuela, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, China (including Hong Kong), Belgium (including Brussels), Spain (most notably Japón family of Coria del Río),<ref name="Awamura">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="samurai-spirit">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> Turkey, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Chile, Egypt, India, Indonesia, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, New Zealand, Australia, Pakistan, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, South Africa, Singapore, the Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, the United Arab Emirates, and the Philippines.
|
Irreligion, Shinto, Tenrikyo, Buddhism;<ref group="note">The majority of the Japanese practiced a syncretised form of Shinto and Buddhism called Shinbutsu-shūgō.</ref> Christianity → Catholicism → Kakure and Hanure Krishitanity
|
Jarai
|
Austronesian → Chamic → Jarai
|
Vietnam (Central Highlands)
|
|
Animism
|
Jarawas
|
Ongan → Jarawa
|
India (South Andaman, Middle Andaman)
|
|
Animism
|
Javanese
|
Austronesian → Javanese<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Indonesia (Java)
|
Osing, Tenggerese, Boyanese, Banyumasan, Mataram, along with significant populations in Malaysia, Indonesians in Singapore (over 60% of Singaporean Malays are of Javanese descent),<ref name="KeturunanSG">Template:Cite book</ref> Suriname, China, Sri Lanka, French Guiana, New Caledonia, and Saudi Arabia
|
Islam → Sunni Islam; Sunni Islam + Hinduism + Buddhism + Animism → Kejawèn
|
Jeks
|
Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Jek; Turkic → Oghuz → Azeri
|
Azerbaijan (Mount Shahdagh)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Jews
|
Afroasiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew,<ref group="note">Despite the successful revival of the Hebrew language, many Jews continue to speak the various languages that have developed by the diaspora populations, including Yiddish, Ladino, and Judeo-Arabic. In addition, English serves as the lingua franca of Israel.</ref> Jewish languages,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Jewish languages" group="note">Though many Jewish languages are not genetically related to each other, they are all known to be ethnolects developed by the Jewish diaspora.</ref> DGSic → Israeli Sign, historically Indo-European → Romance → Zarphatic; Indo-European → Romance → Judaeo-Portuguese, Indo-European → Slavic → Knaanic
|
IsraelTemplate:NoteTag
|
Ashkenazim (including Galitzianers, Yekkes, Chuts, Unterlander Jews, Oberlander Jews, Litvaks, Afrikaner-Jews, Udmurt and Tatar Jews), Assyrian Jews, Sephardim (including Eastern Sephardim, North African Sephardim, Maroka'im, Algerian Jews (including Mozabite Jews), Tunisian Jews, Libyan Jews, Amazonian Jews, Iberian Jews, Sephardic Bnei Anusim, Xuetes, and Toshavim (including Mozabite Jews)), Mizrahim (including Bukharim, Juhurim, Kurdim, Syrian Jews, Arab Jews, Afghan Jews, Baghdadi Jews, Teimanim (including Rechabites, Baladi Jews, Shami Jews, and Rambamists), Sharʿabi Jews, Habbanim, Banu al-Harith, Adeni Jews, Persim, Mashhadi Jews, and Kaifeng Jews), Astrakhan Jews, Beta Israel (including Beta Abraham and Falash Mura), Italkim (including San Nicandro Jews and Italian Rite Jews), Rusape Jews, Romaniotes, Constantinopolitan Karaites, Bavlim, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Gruzim, Benei Sion, Bene Israel, Banu Israil, Kochinim, Paradesi, Lishanid Noshan, Israeli Jews, B'nai Moshe, Bnei Menashe, Urfalim, Meshuchrarim, Abayudaya, Shaposhniki, Karaimites, Desi Jews, Igbo Jews, Levites (including Kohen), Transcarpathian Jews, and Bene Ephraim, as well as historically Khazars (including Kabars), along with significant populations in the United States (including Syrian Jews, Old Stock Jews, African-American Jews, Melungeon Jews, Puerto Rican Jews, Guamanian Jews), Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Russia, Belarus, the Czech lands, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Austria, Italy, Greece, Switzerland, Belgium, Iraq, Denmark, the Netherlands, France, Monaco, the United Kingdom, Peru, South Africa, Australia, India (including Sephardim) and New Zealand
|
Judaism
|
Jingpo
|
Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Jingpho
|
China (Yunnan), India (Northeast India), Myanmar (Kachin State)
|
|
Animism
|
Jita
|
Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Suguti
|
Tanzania (Mara Region)
|
|
Christianity, Ethnic Religion
|
Jola
|
Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Jola<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Senegal (Jolaland)
|
Banjaal, Bayot, Gusilay, Fogni, Karon, Kasa, Kuwaataay, Mlomp
|
Traditional African religions
|
Jukun
|
Niger–Congo → Jukun Takum<ref group="note">The Wapan language have largely replaced Jukun Takum as the main language.</ref>
|
Nigeria (Wukari)
|
Wannu
|
Traditional African religions
|
Jur
|
Nilotic → Luo → Jur
|
South Sudan
|
Beli, Sopi, Mödö, Nyamusa, Wira, Biti, Morokodo
|
Christianity, Traditional African religions<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Kabyle
|
Afroasiatic → Berber → Kabyle
|
Algeria (Kabylia)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Kadazan–Dusun
|
Austronesian → Southwest Sabahan → Dusunic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Malaysia (Sabah)
|
Kadazan, Dusun, Dumpas, Ida'an, Kwijau, Lotud, Mangka'ak, Maragang, Minokok, Orang Sungai, Rumanau, Rungus, Tambanuo
|
Christianity, Momolianism
|
Kafwe Twa
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tonga
|
Zambia (Kafue Flats)
|
|
Traditional African religion
|
Kaguru
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kagulu
|
Tanzania (Ukaguru Mountains)
|
|
Folk religion
|
Kaingang
|
Macro-Je → Je → Kaingang<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Kalanga
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona → Kalanga
|
Zimbabwe, Botswana
|
Nambya
|
Christianity
|
Kalash
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kalasha
|
Pakistan (Chitral District)
|
|
Kalasha
|
Kalenjin
|
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Kalenjin<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Kenya (Rift Valley Province)
|
Keiyo, Tugen, Marakwet, Nandi, Kipsigis, Sabaot, Pokoot, Terik
|
Christianity
|
Kalinago
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English,<ref group="note">The indigenous Kalinago language became extinct in the 1920s. However, an offshoot of it known as Garifuna is still spoken today.</ref> Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Kalinago → Garifuna, Vincentian Creole
|
Lesser Antilles
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Kalmyks
|
Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Oirat → Kalmyk Oirat, Sart Kalmyk
|
Russia (Kalmykia), Kyrgyzstan (Issyk-Kul Region)
|
Sart Kalmyks, Buzava
|
Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
|
Kaluli
|
Trans-New Guinea → Kaluli
|
Papua New Guinea (Great Papuan Plateau)
|
|
Papuan religion
|
Kamba
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kamba
|
Kenya (Ukambani)
|
|
Christianity
|
Kamentsa
|
Camsa language
|
Colombia (Putumayo)
|
|
Christianity
|
Kanaks
|
Austronesian → Kanak<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
France (Kanakia)
|
Haveke, Ajie, Arha, Xaragure, Haeke
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Kangeanese
|
Austronesian → Malayo-Polyesian → Madurese → Kangeanese
|
Indonesia (Kangean Islands)
|
Kangean, Paliat, Sepanjang, Sabunten, Saobi
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Kannadigas
|
Dravidian → Kannadoid → Kannada
|
India (Karnataka)
|
Vokkaliga
|
Hinduism, Jainism
|
Kanuri
|
Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Kanuri
|
Kanuriland (Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon)
|
Kanembu, Yerwa Kanuri
|
Islam
|
Kao people
|
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Kao; West Papuan → North Halmahera → Modole
|
Indonesia (Kao Land)
|
Pagu, Modole people, Boeng, Towiliko
|
Christianity, Islam, Animism
|
Kapampangans
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Kapampangan
|
Philippines (Pampanga)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Iglesia ni Cristo, Anitism
|
Kapsiki
|
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Kapsiki
|
Mandara Mountains (Nigeria, Cameroon)
|
|
Islam
|
Karachays
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Karachay
|
Russia (Karachay-Cherkessia)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Karakalpaks
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Karakalpak
|
Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan)
|
Qon'ırat, On To'rt Urıw
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Karamanlides
|
Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish → Karamanli Turkish
|
Turkey (Karaman Province, Cappadocia)<ref name="Population exchange to Greece">Due to the 1923 Greek-Turkish population exchange, the majority now live in Greece.</ref>
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Turkish Orthodox Church
|
Karatas
|
Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Karata
|
Russia (Dagestan)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Karbi
|
Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Karbic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
India (Assam, Meghalaya)
|
Karbi, Amri Karbi
|
Hinduism, Animism, Christianity
|
Karelians
|
Uralic → Finnic → Karelian, Ludic, Livvi-Karelian
|
Karelia (Finland, Russia)
|
Tver Karelians, Olonets Karelians
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Karen
|
Sino-Tibetan → Karenic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Myanmar (Karen State, Kayah State, Pa'O Self-Administered Zone), Thailand
|
S'gaw Karen, Pwo Karen, Karenni (including Kayan), Pa'O
|
Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
|
Kartudjara
|
Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Wati
|
Australia (Southern Australia)
|
|
Animism
|
Karuk
|
Karuk language
|
United States (California)
|
|
Christianity
|
Kashmiris
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dardic → Kashmiri
|
Kashmir (India, Pakistan)
|
Kashmiri Hindus (including Kashmiri Pandits), Kashmiris in Punjab
|
Islam → Sunni Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism
|
Kashubians
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Kashubian; historically Indo-European → Slavic → Slovincian
|
Poland (Kashubia)
|
Krubans, Slovincians, and Gochans, along with significant populations in the United States
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Kaska Dena
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Kaska
|
Canada (British Columbia, Yukon Territory)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Kassena
|
Atlantic–Congo → Gur → Kasena
|
Ghana (Kassena-Nankana), Burkina Faso
|
|
Kassena religion
|
Kaurna
|
Pama-Nyungan → Thura-Yura → Kaurna<ref group="note">The Kaurna language went extinct in 1929 but revival efforts have been ongoing since the 1980s. Most Kaurna people now mainly speak English.</ref>
|
Australia (South Australia)
|
|
Dreamtime
|
Kaw
|
Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Kansa
|
United States (Oklahoma, Kansas)
|
|
Christianity, Native American Church, Native American religion
|
Kawesqar
|
Alacalufan → Kawesqar
|
Chile (Chilean Patagonia, Wellington Island)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Kayapo
|
Macro-Je → Je → Kayapo
|
Brazil (Pará, Mato Grosso)
|
|
Animism
|
Kazakhs
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Kazakh; Francosign → RSLic → Russian Sign → Kazakh Sign
|
Kazakhstan
|
Uly juz, Orta juz, Kishi juz. Significant populations in China, Iran, Canada, the United States, and Russia
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Kemak
|
Austronesian → Timoric → Kemak
|
Indonesia (West Timor), East Timor
|
|
Folk religion, Christianity
|
Kereks
|
Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Kerek
|
Russia (Chukotka)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Keres
|
Keresan languages,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Keresan Sign Language
|
United States (Sandoval County and Cibola County, New Mexico)
|
Eastern Keres (including Dámáyámʾé, Dîiwʾamʾé, Katishtya, Kʾúutìimʾé, Tsʾíiyʾamʾé) Western Keres (including Áakʾùumʾé, Kʾáwáigamʾé)
|
Syncretised form of Christianity and Pueblo religion
|
Kerewe
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kerewe
|
Tanzania (Ukerewe Island)
|
|
Christianity, Traditional African religions
|
Kerincian
|
Austronesian → Kerincian
|
Indonesia (Kerincia)
|
|
Sunni Islam
|
Ket
|
Yeniseian → Northern Yeniseian → Ket
|
Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Khakas
|
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Khakas
|
Russia (Khakassia)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Tengrism
|
Khalaj
|
Turkic → Common Turkic → Khalaj
|
Iran
|
|
Islam → Shia Islam
|
Khanty
|
Uralic → Khanty<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Russia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Bear worship
|
Khas
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Nepali
|
Nepal, India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, West Bengal)
|
Chhetri, Thakuri, Rana, Vaisya, Kami, Damai, Sarki, Sunar, Gandarbha
|
Hinduism
|
Khasi
|
Austroasiatic → Khasi–Palaungic → Khasic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
India (Meghalaya)
|
Pnar
|
Christianity
|
Khinalugs
|
Northeast Caucasian → Khinalug
|
Azerbaijan (Khinalug)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Khmer
|
Austroasiatic → Khmer
|
Cambodia, Mekong Delta, Isan
|
Northern Khmer people, Khmer Krom and Significant populations in the United States
|
Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
|
Khonds
|
Dravidian → Kui
|
India (Kandhamal)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Khorasani Turks
|
Turkic → Oghuz → Khorasani Turkic
|
Iran (Khorasan), Turkmenistan
|
|
Islam → Shia Islam
|
Khwarshi
|
Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Khwarshi
|
Russia (Tsumadinsky District)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Kickapoo
|
Algic → Algonquian → Kickapoo
|
United States (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas), Mexico (Coahuila, Sonora, Durango)
|
Tribu Kikapú, Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas, Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma
|
Native American Church, Christianity
|
Kiga
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga
|
Uganda, Rwanda
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism
|
Kikuyu
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kikuyu
|
Kenya (Central Province)
|
|
Christianity
|
Kilba
|
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Huba
|
Nigeria (Hong)
|
|
Christianity
|
Kinga
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kinga
|
Tanzania (Kipengere Range)
|
|
Christianity, Traditional African religion
|
Kiowa
|
Tanoan → Kiowa
|
United States (Oklahoma)
|
|
Christianity, Native American Church
|
Kirantis
|
Sino-Tibetan → Kiranti<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Nepal (Eastern Region)
|
Limbu, Sunuwar, Yakkha (including Athpare), Rai (including Kulung, Bantawa, and Bahing)
|
Kirat Mundhum
|
Kiribati
|
Austronesian → Micronesian → Gilbertese
|
Gilbert Islands (Kiribati)
|
|
Christianity, Baháʼí Faith
|
Kiriri
|
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Brazilian Portuguese; formerly Macro-Jê → Kariri
|
Brazil (Ceará)
|
|
Toré religion<ref name=pib>"Kiriri: Introduction." Povos Indígenas no Brasil. (retrieved 13 Aug 2011)</ref>
|
Kissi
|
Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → Kissi
|
Guinea, Sierra Leone
|
|
Christianity
|
Klallam
|
Salishan → Coast Salish → Klallam
|
United States (Olympic Peninsula, Kitsap Peninsula), Canada (Vancouver Island)
|
Lower Elwha Klallam, Jamestown S'Klallam, Port Gamble S'Klallam, Scia'new Klallam
|
Christianity, Shamanism
|
Koara
|
Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Wati
|
Australia (Western Australia)
|
|
Animism
|
Koches
|
Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Koch
|
India (Assam, Meghalaya), northern Bangladesh
|
|
Animism
|
Kodava
|
Dravidian → Tamil–Kodava–Urali → Kodava
|
India (Kodagu, Bangalore, Mysore)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Kofyar
|
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Kofyar
|
Nigeria (Plateau State)
|
|
Traditional African religions
|
Kokatha
|
Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Wati
|
Australia (South Australia)
|
|
Animism
|
Komi
|
Uralic → Permic → Komi
|
Russia (Komi Republic, Permyakia)
|
Komi-Zyrians, Komi-Permyaks, Izhma Komi
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Konda Reddis
|
Dravidian → South-Central Dravidian → Telugu
|
India (Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Kongo
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kongo
|
Kongoland (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Angola)
|
Lari, Vili, Yombe, Suundi, Dondo, Hangala, Kugni, Manyanga, Beembe
|
Christianity, Kongo religion
|
Konjo
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Konjo
|
Rwenzori Mountains (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda)
|
Nande
|
Christianity
|
Konkani
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani
|
India (Konkan)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Konso
|
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Konso
|
Ethiopia (Konso)
|
|
Traditional African religions
|
Koreans
|
Koreanic languages,<ref name="Language family" group="note"/> JSLic → Korean Sign
|
Korea (North Korea, South Korea), China (Jilin, Xi'an District)
|
North Koreans (including in South Korea), South Koreans, Jeju Islanders, Koryo-saram, Sakhalin Koreans, Zainichi Koreans, Chaoxianzu (including in Japan and Korea) and along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Guatemala, Russia (including North Koreans, Koryo-saram, and Sakhalin Koreans), China, Japan (including Zainichi Koreans and Chaoxianzu), Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines, Indonesia, Mongolia, Iran, Nepal, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, India, the Arab world, Africa (including South Africa), Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Venezuela, Australia, Ukraine, New Zealand, Micronesia, Peru, Chile, Uruguay, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the Czech Republic
|
Christianity<ref name="non-religious" group="note" /> → Protestantism and Catholicism, Buddhism → Mahayana Buddhism → Korean Buddhism, Korean shamanism, Cheondoism, Unification Church, Juche
|
Koryaks
|
Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Koryak
|
Russia (Koryak Okrug)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Shamanism
|
Kosraeans
|
Austronesian → Micronesian → Kosraean
|
Federated States of Micronesia (Kosrae)
|
|
Christianity
|
Koyukon
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Koyukon
|
United States (Alaska)
|
|
Christianity, Animism
|
Kpelle
|
Niger–Congo → Mande → Kpelle
|
Liberia, Guinea
|
|
Traditional African religions
|
Kposo
|
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ghana–Togo Mountain → Kposo
|
Togo (Plateaux), Ghana
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Kraho
|
Macro-Je → Je → Kraho
|
Brazil (Terra Indigena Kraolandia)
|
|
Animism
|
Kristang
|
Indo-European → Portuguese-based creole → Kristang
|
Malaysia, Singapore
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Kru
|
Niger–Congo → Kru<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Liberia (Grand Kru and Maryland Counties)
|
Aizi, Bete, Bakwe, Grebo, Krahn (including Sapo), Kuwaa
|
Christianity
|
Kryts
|
Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Kryts
|
Azerbaijan
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Kulin
|
Pama-Nyungan → Kulinic → Kulin
|
Australia (Victoria)
|
|
Alcheringa
|
Kumandins
|
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Northern Altai → Kumandy
|
Russia (Altai Krai, Altai Republic)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
|
Kumaonis
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kumaoni
|
India (Uttarakhand (Kumaon)), Nepal (Doti)
|
Johari, Askoti, Bhabhri, Danpuriya, Gangoli, Khasparjiya, Kumaiyya, Pachhai, Phaldakotiya, Rhau-Chaubyansi, Sirali, Soriyali
|
Hinduism, Buddhism
|
Kumyks
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Kumyk
|
Russia (Kumykia)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Kumzari
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Kumzari
|
Oman (Kumzar)
|
|
Islam → Ibadi Islam, Sunni Islam
|
Kunama
|
Nilo-Saharan → Kunama
|
Eritrea, Ethiopia
|
|
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
|
Kurds
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Kurdish,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Zaza–Gorani;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Turkic → Oghuz → Khorasani Turkic; Kurdish Sign language
|
Kurdistan (Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), Iran (Eastern Kurdistan, Khorasan, Golestan), Syria (Western Kurdistan), Turkey (Northern Kurdistan)), South Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia)
|
Bajalan, Zazas, Feylis, Iranian Laks, Chechen Kurds, Yazidis, Yarsanis, Kurdish Christians, Shabaks, Sheylanli, Chalabianlu, Muzuri, Caucasian Kurds, Khorasani Kurds along with significant populations in Iraq (including Yazidis), Iran, Syria (including Yazidis), Turkey (including Yazidis), Armenia (including Yazidis), Georgia (including Yazidis), Azerbaijan, France, Palestine, Kazakhstan, and Germany (including Yazidis)
|
Islam → Sunni Islam → Sufism → Naqshbandi, Qadiriyya; Islam → Alevism → Kurdish Alevism; Yazidism; Yarsanism; Zoroastrianism
|
Kuria
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kuria
|
Kenya, Tanzania
|
|
Traditional African religions, Christianity
|
Kurukh
|
Dravidian → Kurukh
|
India (Chota Nagpur Plateau)
|
Kisan
|
Sarnaism, Christianity, Hinduism
|
Kuteb
|
Niger–Congo → Jukunoid → Kuteb
|
Nigeria (Taraba State)
|
|
Christianity
|
Kuwarranyji
|
Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Mudburra → Kuwarranyji
|
Australia (Northern Territory)
|
|
Alcheringa
|
Kvens
|
Uralic → Finnic → Finnish → Kven
|
Norway (Northern Norway)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism → Laestadianism
|
Kwakwaka'wakw
|
Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Kwak'wala
|
Canada (British Columbia)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Kwaya
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwaya
|
Tanzania (Mara Region)
|
|
Christianity, Traditional African religion
|
Kwere
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwere
|
Tanzania (Bagamoyo District)
|
|
Islam, Traditional African religion
|
Kwinti
|
Indo-European → English Creole → Kwinti
|
Suriname
|
|
Christianity → Moravian Church
|
Kyrgyz
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Kyrgyz; Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Oirat → Sart Kalmyk; Francosign → RSLic → Russian Sign<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Kyrgyzstan, China (Xinjiang), Uzbekistan
|
Sart Kalmyks, Kyrgyzstani Kyrgyz, Uzbekistani Kyrgyz, Chinese Kyrgyz (including Akto Turkmen), significant populations in Turkey, Pakistan
|
Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Tengrism
|
Ladakhis
|
Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Ladakhi
|
India (Ladakh), China (Tibet), Pakistan (Baltistan)
|
|
Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Islam → Shia Islam, Hinduism
|
Ladins
|
Indo-European → Romance → Ladin
|
Italy (Ladinia)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Laks
|
Northeast Caucasian → Lak
|
Russia (Lakia)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Lamaholot
|
Austronesian → Flores–Lembata → Lamaholot
|
Indonesia (Solor)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Lampungs
|
Austronesian → Lampung
|
Indonesia (Lampung)
|
|
Islam
|
Lani
|
Trans-New Guinea → Western Dani
|
Indonesia (Central Papua, Highland Papua)
|
|
Christianity, Animism
|
Lao
|
Kra–Dai → Tai → Lao
|
Laos
|
|
Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism, Satsana Phi
|
Larrakia
|
Larrakia
|
Australia (Northern Territory)
|
|
Alcheringa
|
Latvians
|
Indo-European → Baltic → Latvian, Latgalian; Francosign → Russian Sign → Latvian Sign
|
Latvia, Russia (Zelenogradsky District, Arch-Latvian Selsoviet, Nizhnyaya Bulanka), Lithuania (Klaipėda County)
|
Latgalians, Kursenieki, Selonians
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
|
Laz
|
Kartvelian → Zan → Laz<ref group="note">Due to both Turkification and the tendency among Georgia-residing Laz to see themselves as being a Georgian subgroup, the majority of Laz either speak Turkish or Georgian.</ref>
|
Lazistan (Turkey, Georgia)
|
Turkish Laz, Georgian Laz
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Lega
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Lega
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
|
Traditional African religions
|
Lemba
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Venda, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona
|
Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique
|
|
Christianity, Islam, Judaism
|
Lenape
|
Algic → Algonquian → Munsee; historically Algic → Algonquian → Unami
|
United States, Canada
|
Munsee (including Christian Munsee (including Delaware Nation at Moraviantown), Stockbridge Munsee, Munsee-Delaware Nation), Delaware Nation, Delaware Tribe of Indians, Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware, Delaware of Six Nations, Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape, Ramapough Mountain Indians
|
Traditional Lenape religion
|
Lenca
|
Macro-Chibchan → Lencan, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Honduran Spanish, Salvadoran Spanish
|
Honduras, El Salvador
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Sovereign Tribal Custom
|
Lepchas
|
Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Lepcha
|
India (Sikkim, West Bengal), Nepal, Bhutan, China (Tibet)
|
|
Buddhism, Mun, Christianity
|
Lezgins
|
Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Lezgian
|
Lezgistan (Russia, Azerbaijan)
|
Azerbaijani Lezgins
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Lhoba
|
Sino-Tibetan → Adi, Bokar, Idu Mishmi<ref group="note">The Lhoba speak a variety of Sino-Tibetan languages, all of which may or may not be mutually intelligible.</ref>
|
China (Tibet), India (Arunachal Pradesh)
|
Nishi, Na, Galo, Mishmi people, Tagin, Adi
|
Animism, Buddhism, Christianity
|
Lhotshampa
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Nepali
|
Bhutan
|
|
Hinduism, Buddhism
|
Li
|
Kra–Dai → Hlai<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
China (Hainan)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Liechtensteiners
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Alemmanic German
|
Liechtenstein]
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Limba
|
Niger–Congo → Limba
|
Sierra Leone (Bombali and Koinadugu Districts)
|
|
Christianity
|
Lipka Tatars
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Belarusian, Polish; Indo-European → Baltic → Lithuanian
|
Belarus, Poland, Lithuania
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Lisu
|
Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Lisu
|
China, Myanmar
|
Lipo
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lisu Christianity
|
Lithuanians
|
Indo-European → Baltic → Lithuanian,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Lithuanian Sign
|
Lithuania, Poland (Podlaskie), Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast)
|
Samogitians, Aukštaitians, Lietuvninkai, along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Poland and the United Kingdom
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Livonians
|
Uralic → Finnic → Livonian
|
Latvia, Estonia
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
|
Lodha
|
Austroasiatic → Munda → Lodhi
|
India (Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal)
|
Lodha Muslims
|
Hinduism, Islam
|
Loloda
|
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Loloda
|
Indonesia (Loloda Islands)
|
|
Islam, Animism
|
Lom
|
Indo-European → Armenian and Indo-Aryan → Lomavren; Indo-European → Armenian
|
Armenia, Georgia, Turkey
|
|
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy
|
Lori
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Balochi; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Saraiki
|
Balochistan (India, Pakistan)
|
|
Islam
|
Lower Cowlitz
|
Historically Salishan → Coast Salish → Cowlitz
|
United States (Cowlitz Reservation, Quinault Reservation, Chehalis Reservation)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Luba
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luban<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lubaland)
|
Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga, Hemba (including Bangubangu), Songe, Lulua
|
Christianity
|
Lubu
|
Austronesian → Malayic → Lubu
|
Indonesia (Sumatra)
|
|
Islam
|
Lugbara
|
Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Lugbara
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Orientale Province), South Sudan, Uganda (West Nile (particularly Arua City, Arua, Maracha, Terego, Madi-Okollo, Yumbe and Koboko districts))
|
Ayivu, Maracha, Terego, Vurra, Aringa
|
Christianity, Islam, Lugbara religion<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Luhya
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luhya
|
Kenya (Western Province)
|
Bukusu, Idakho, Isukha, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, Wanga,
|
Christianity
|
Lumbee
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American Indian English → Lumbee English
|
United States (North Carolina)
|
|
Christianity
|
Luo
|
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dholuo
|
Kenya
|
|
Christianity
|
Luritja
|
Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Luritja
|
Australia (Northern Territory)
|
|
Alcheringa
|
Lurs
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Luri
|
Iran (Lorestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Bushehr, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provinces)
|
Bakhtiari, Iranian Laks
|
Islam → Shia Islam, Yarsanism
|
Luso-Africans
|
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → African Portuguese
|
PALOP countries (Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Equatorial Guinea), South Africa
|
Portuguese Africans (including Luso-Angolans, Cape Verdeans, Luso-Equatoguineans, Luso-Guineans, Mozambique, Santomeans, Luso-South Africans)
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Luso-Brazilians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Brazilian Portuguese
|
Brazil
|
North Brazilians, Northeast Brazilians, Central-West Brazilians, Southeast Brazilians (includes Caipiras), South Brazilians (including Paranaenses, Riograndenses, and Catarinenses), along with significant populations in the United States, Portugal, Paraguay, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Spain, Germany, Canada, Argentina, France, Switzerland, French Guiana, Australia, Ireland, Mexico, Uruguay, Belgium, Bolivia, Netherlands, and Suriname
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Luso-Indians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole, Korlai Portuguese Creole, Cochin Portuguese Creole; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani, Gujarati; Indo-European → Germanic → English
|
India (Goa, Gujarat, Mumbai, Vasai, Daman, Diu & Silvassa, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Kolkata, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism; Hinduism
|
Luxembourgers
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Moselle Franconian → Luxembourgish
|
Luxembourg, Belgium (Arelerland), and surrounding regions
|
Significant populations in Brazil, Canada, and the United States
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Maasai
|
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai
|
Maasailand (Tanzania, Kenya)
|
Samburu, Arusha, Kwavi
|
Traditional African religions
|
Macanese
|
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Macanese Patois, Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Cantonese
|
China (Macau)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Macedonians
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Macedonian
|
North Macedonia
|
Torbesh, Mijaks, Brsjaks, along with significant populations in Australia, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Greece
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Macushi
|
Cariban → Macushi
|
Guyana (Rupununi), Brazil (Roraima)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Madi
|
Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Ma'di
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda
|
|
Christianity
|
Madurese
|
Austronesian → Malayo-Polyesian → Madurese
|
Indonesia (Madura)<ref group="note">Due to poor soil condition in Madura, the majority now live on Java.</ref>
|
Boyanese
|
Islam → Sunni Islam → Shafi'i
|
Mafa
|
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Mafa
|
Cameroon
|
|
Christianity
|
Magahi
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Magahi
|
India (Magadha)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Magars
|
Sino-Tibetan → Magar<ref group="note">The majority of the Magars have recently switched to Nepali.</ref>
|
Nepal
|
Ale, Gharti, Chantayal, Saru, Pun
|
Hinduism, Buddhism
|
Maguindanao
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Maguindanao
|
Philippines (Maguindanao)
|
|
Islam
|
Mahar
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Marathi
|
India (Maharashtra)
|
|
Buddhism → Navayana Buddhism
|
Maithils
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Maithili
|
Mithila (India, Nepal)
|
Karan Kayastha, Brahmin, Chhetri, Vaisya
|
Hinduism
|
Makaa
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makaa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Byep
|
Cameroon (East Region, Centre Region)
|
South Makaa, North Makaa
|
Christianity, Traditional African religion
|
Makah
|
Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Makah
|
United States (Washington)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Makassarese
|
Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Makassarese
|
Indonesia (South Sulawesi)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Makianese
|
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Moi, Austronesian → South Halmahera → Taba,
|
Indonesia (Makian)
|
Tabayama, Jitinee
|
Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism
|
Makonde
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makonde
|
Tanzania, Mozambique (Mueda Plateau)
|
Machinga
|
Islam
|
Makua
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makhuwa
|
Mozambique
|
Lomwe, Chuwabu, Moniga, Koti, Nathembo
|
Traditional African religions
|
Malagasy
|
Austronesian → Greater Barito → Malagasy
|
Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Réunion, Mauritius
|
Merina, Sihanaka, Betsileo, Zafimaniry, Antaifasy, Antemoro, Antaisaka, Antambahoaka, Tandroy, Antankarana, Antanosy, Bara, Betsimisaraka, Bezanozano, Mahafaly, Makoa, Mikea, Sakalava, Tanala, Tsimihety, Vezo
|
Christianity, Malagasy religion
|
Malasar
|
Dravidian → Tamiloid → Malasar
|
India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Malayalis<ref group="note">Otherwise known as Keralites or Keralans.</ref>
|
Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam
|
India (Kerala)
|
Ambalavasi, Dheevara, Nair, Paravar, Ezhava, Malabar Latin Catholics, Saint Thomas Christians along with significant populations in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf
|
Hinduism, Islam, Christianity
|
Malayarayans
|
Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malaryan
|
India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Malays
|
Austronesian → Malayic → Malaysian–Indonesian Malay, Brunei Malay, Jambi Malay, Pahang Malay, Terengganu Malay, Kelantan-Pattani Malay, Kedah Malay, Reman Malay; Francosign → ASLic → Malaysian Sign; Austronesian → Malay Creole → Sri Lanka Malay
|
Malay world (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei)
|
Kedahans, Pattani, Pahang, Pontianaks, Terengganuarians, Kelantanese, Perakians, Berau, Loloan Malays, Proto-Malay (including Orang Kuala, Jakun, Orang Rimba, Orang Seletar, and Temuan) Cape Malays, Cocos Malays, Bangka Malays, Thai Malays, Burmese Malays, Sri Lanka Malays, Bruneians
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Maldivians
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Maldivian
|
Maldives, India (Minicoy)
|
Mahls
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Maltese
|
Afroasiatic → Arabic → Maltese
|
Malta
|
Gozitans, with significant populations in Greece (including Corfu)
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Mambai
|
Austronesian → Timoric → Mambai
|
East Timor (Dili District)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Mambila
|
Niger–Congo → Mambila
|
Mambilla Plateau (Nigeria, Cameroon)
|
Somyev
|
Traditional African religions
|
Manchus
|
Tungusic → Southern Tungusic → Manchu<ref name="Tungusic" group="note">The majority of the Tungusic languages are endangered, and many Tungusic ethnic groups now mostly speak only Russian or Chinese depending on the location of their homeland.</ref>
|
Manchuria (China, Russia)
|
Significant populations in Taiwan
|
Shamanism
|
Mandaeans
|
Afroasiatic → Semitic → Mandaic
|
Southern Mesopotamia
|
Iraq, Iran
|
Mandaeism
|
Mandarese
|
Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Mandar
|
Indonesia (West Sulawesi)
|
|
Islam
|
Mandinka
|
Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Mali, The Gambia, Guinea, Senegal
|
Bolon
|
Islam
|
Mangalorean Catholics
|
Indo-European languages → Indo-Aryan → Konkani
|
India (Karnataka)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Mangarevans
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Mangareva
|
France (Gambier Islands)
|
|
Christianity
|
Manggarai
|
Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Manggarai
|
Indonesia (Manggarai)
|
|
Christianity
|
Manjak
|
Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Manjak
|
Guinea-Bissau, Senegal
|
|
Traditional African religions
|
Malabar Muslims
|
Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam → Arabi Malayalam
|
India (Kerala, Lakshadweep)
|
Mappilas, Thangals, Baramis, Themims, Pusalars, Ossans, Koyas, Kerala Gulf diaspora
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Mannan
|
Dravidian → Tamiloid → Mannan
|
India (Idukki district)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Mansi
|
Uralic → Mansi<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Russia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Bear worship
|
Manx
|
Indo-European → Celtic → Manx,<ref name="Celts" group="note" /> Indo-European → Germanic → English → Manx English
|
Isle of Man (Crown Dependency)
|
Significant populations in the United States
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Māori
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → New Zealand Māori,<ref group="note">Although the Māori have been able to halt the extinction of their language, the majority still only speak English fluently.</ref>
|
New Zealand
|
Māori Indians, with significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States
|
Christianity
|
Mapuche
|
Araucanian languages<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">Due to gradual Hispanicization following the Occupation of Araucania, the majority of Mapuche can only speak Spanish.</ref>
|
Chile (Araucania), Argentina
|
Huilliche, Moluche, Pehuenche
|
Christianity, Mapuche religion
|
Maranao
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Maranao
|
Philippines (Lanao)
|
|
Islam
|
Marathi
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Marathi
|
India (Maharashtra)
|
Mahar, Maratha, Kunbi, Dhangar, Bhoi
|
Hinduism, Jainism
|
Mardijkers
|
Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Betawian, Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Indonesian, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese
|
Indonesia (Jakarta)
|
|
Christianity
|
Maris
|
Uralic → Mari<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Russia (Mari El)
|
Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, Northwestern Mari, Eastern Mari, Mountain Mari
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Mari Native Religion
|
Maronites
|
Afroasiatic → Semitic → Lebanese Aramaic,<ref group="note">Most Maronites today speak Arabic since a language shift around the 17th century with Syriac in liturgical use, however some Maronites in Jish are reviving Aramaic.</ref> Cypriot Arabic, Levantine Arabic
|
Levant, Cyprus
|
Significant populations in Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus and Israel along with the greater Lebanese diaspora
|
Christianity → Maronite Catholicism
|
Marquesas Islanders
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Marquesan
|
France (Marquesas Islands)
|
|
Christianity
|
Marshallese
|
Austronesian → Micronesian → Marshallese
|
Marshall Islands
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Masa
|
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Masana
|
Cameroon, Chad
|
|
Christianity, IslamTemplate:Citation needed
|
Masalit
|
Nilo-Saharan → Masalit
|
Sudan, Chad
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Matagi
|
Japonic → Japanese → Tohoku → Matagi
|
Japan (Ani, Shirakami-Sanchi)
|
|
Animism
|
Matawai
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Saramaccan
|
Suriname
|
|
Christianity → Moravian Church
|
Mauritian Creoles
|
Indo-European → Romance → French → Mauritian Creole
|
Mauritius
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Rastafari
|
Maya
|
Mayan;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Mayan Sign
|
Guatemala, Belize, Mexico (Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Chiapas)
|
Maya, Achi, Chuj, Chʼortiʼ, Itza, Kʼicheʼ, Qʼeqchiʼ, Tektitek, Huastecan, Mopan, Lacandon, Chontal, Akatek, Jakaltek, Qʼanjobʼal, Tzeltal, Mochoʼ, Tojolab'al, Mam, Ixil, Tzotzil, Poqomam, Yucatecan Maya, Motozintlecos, Awakatek, Kaqchikel, Sakapultek, Sipakapense, Uspantek, Chʼol, and Tzʼutujil
|
Christianity → Catholicism; Maya religion
|
Mayangna
|
Misumalpan → Sumo<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Nicaragua (Mosquito Coast)
|
Panamahka, Tawahka, Ulwa
|
Christianity
|
Mayles
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English
|
United States (West Virginia)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Mayo
|
Uto-Aztecan → Cahitan → Mayo
|
Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Native American religion
|
Mazahua
|
Oto-Manguean → Oto-Pamean → Mazahua
|
Mexico (State of Mexico)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Mazandaranis
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Mazanderani
|
Iran (Mazandaran)
|
|
Islam → Shia Islam
|
Mazatec
|
Oto-Manguean → Popolocan → Mazatecan<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Mexico (Oaxaca)
|
Ayautla
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Mbaka
|
Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Mbaka
|
Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Mbugu
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mbugu, Pare; Niger–Congo and Afroasiatic → Bantu and Cushitic → Maʼa
|
Tanzania (Usambara Mountains)
|
|
Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religion
|
Megleno-Romanians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Megleno-Romanian
|
Greece (Almopia)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Mehri
|
Afroasiatic → Eastern South Semetic → Mehri
|
Oman (Dhofar Governorate), Yemen (Al Mahrah Governorate, Socotra)
|
|
Islam
|
Meitei
|
Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Meitei
|
India (Manipur)
|
Loi
|
Hinduism → Vaishnavism
|
Melanau
|
Austronesian → Melanau–Kajang → Melanau<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Malaysia (Sarawak)
|
|
Islam
|
Melungeons
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Appalachian English
|
United States (Appalachia)
|
Carmel Indians
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Baptists
|
Mende
|
Niger–Congo → Mande → Mende
|
Sierra Leone (Southern and Eastern Provinces)
|
|
Islam
|
Mennonites
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Russian; Germanic → German, Dutch, English; Romance → Spanish
|
Europe, Americas
|
Russian Mennonites, Old Order Mennonites, Old Colony Mennonites, Amish Mennonites (including Beachy Amish (including Old Beachy Amish), Kauffman Amish Mennonites, Egli Amish, Stuckey Amish), with significant populations in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay
|
Christianity → Anabaptism → Mennonitism
|
Métis
|
Indo-European and Algic → Romance and Algonquian → French and Plains Cree → Michif; Indo-European → Romance → French → Metis French; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bungi
|
Canada (Canadian Prairies, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Northwestern Ontario), United States (Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana)
|
Anglo-Metis, Little Shell Métis
|
Christianity
|
Mi'kmaq
|
Algic → Algonquian → Mi'kmaq<ref name="First Nation" group="note" />
|
Canada (Mi'kma'ki), United States (Maine)
|
Mi'kmaq Nation, Miawpukek
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Miami
|
Algic → Algonquian → Miami–Illinois → Miami proper
|
United States (Illinois)
|
Indiana Miami, Oklahoma Miami, Piankeshaw
|
Christianity, Native American religion
|
Miccosukee
|
Muskogean → Mikasuki
|
United States (Miccosukee Indian Reservation)
|
|
Christianity, Native American religion
|
Mien
|
Hmong–Mien → Mienic;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Sino-Tibetan → Chinese → Badong Yao, Shaozhou Tuhua, Xiangnan Tuhua, Yeheni
|
China (Hunan, Guizhou), Vietnam
|
Iu Mien, Kim Mun, Dzao Min, Biao Min, Bunu, Lakkia, Biao Mon, San Diu
|
Yao folk religion
|
Mijikenda
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mijikenda
|
Kenya (Coast Province)
|
Chonyi, Giriama, Digo, Segeju, Rabai
|
Christianity
|
Minahasan
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Minahasan;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Austronesian → Malay Creole → Manado Malay
|
Indonesia (Minahasa Peninsula)
|
Tonsawang, Tontemboan, Tondano, Tombulu, Tonsea
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Minangkabau
|
Austronesian → Malayic → Minangkabau, → Negeri Sembilan Malay
|
Indonesia (Minangkabau Highlands), Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan)
|
Overseas Minangkabau
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Misak
|
Barbacoan → Northern Barbacoan → Coconucan → Nam Trik
|
Colombia (Cauca)
|
|
Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism
|
Mising
|
Sino-Tibetan → Tani → Mising
|
India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh)
|
|
Donyi-Polo, Ekasarana Dharma
|
Miskito
|
Misumalpan → Miskito; Germanic → English Creole → Miskito Coast Creole
|
Mosquito Coast (Nicaragua, Honduras)
|
Miskito Sambu
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Moravian Church
|
Mixe
|
Mixe–Zoque → Mixe<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Mexico (Oaxaca)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Mixtec
|
Oto-Manguean → Mixtecan → Mixtec
|
Mexico (La Mixteca)
|
Triqui, Cuicatecs, Amoltepec
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Moghols
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Dari; historically Mongolic → Moghol
|
Afghanistan
|
Nikudari
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Mohawk
|
Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Mohawk
|
Canada (Quebec, Ontario), United States (New York)
|
|
Animism, Christianity
|
Moken
|
Austronesian → Moken
|
Thailand, Myanmar (Mergui Archipelago, Surin Islands)
|
|
Buddhism
|
Mokshas
|
Uralic → Mordvinic → Moksha
|
Russia (Mordovia)
|
|
Christianity → Russian Orthodox, Protestantism → Lutheranism; Mokshas native religion
|
Moldovans
|
Indo-European → Romance → Romanian → Moldovan, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Moldova Sign
|
Moldova
|
Significant populations in Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Italy and the United States
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Romanian Orthodoxy
|
Mon
|
Austroasiatic → Mon
|
Myanmar (Mon State)
|
|
Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
|
Monacans
|
Historically Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → TuteloTemplate:Refn
|
United States (Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Ohio)
|
|
Christianity
|
Mongo
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mongo
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Equateur, Tshuapa, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi)
|
Bolia, Ntomba, Ngando, Iyaelima, Mbole, Mpama, Nkutu, Sengele, Hendo, Dengese, Tetela
|
Christianity
|
Mongols
|
Mongolic languages;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Mongolian Sign; historically Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur → Khoton
|
China (Inner Mongolia, Dorbetia, Bayingolin, Dzungaria, Subei-Mongolia, Santania, Kharchinia), Mongolia
|
Khalkha (including Khotogoids, Eljigin), Oirats (including Manchurian Öelets,<ref name="Janhunen1996 2">Template:Cite book</ref> Dörbets, Zakhchins, Bayads, Olots, Altai Uriankhais), Hamnigan, Tsagaan, Khatso, Bonan, Sichuan Mongols, Sogwo Arig, Ordos, Darkhad, Kanja, Sogwo Arig, Mughals, Santa, Naimans, Dariganga, Khorchin, Kharchin, Koke Nuur, Chaharian, Jalairs, Gorlos, Sartuul, Myangad, Tubalar, Uzemchin, Uradian, Tumed, Baarins, Hishigten, Muumyangan, Jalaids, Abaganar, Chantuu, Olot, Sunud, Shar Darkhads, Eastern Dorbet, Aohans, Onnigud, Khoshut, Abagas, Khotons, Alasha, Khoid, Choros, Qaidam, Fujin, with significant populations in India, the Czech Republic, the United States, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, Canada
|
Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Tengrism
|
Mongondow
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Mongondow
|
Indonesia (Mongondowia)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Montenegrins
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian → Montenegrin
|
Montenegro and surrounding regions
|
Montenegrin tribes, with significant populations in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia, Germany, Luxembourg, Argentina, the United States, Australia,
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Moravians
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Czech → Moravian
|
Czech Republic (Moravia)
|
Moravian Vlachs, Moravian Slovaks
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Moriori
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Moriori,<ref group="note">The Moriori language went extinct in 1898 but revival efforts have been ongoing since 2001.</ref> Indo-European → Germanic → English<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|
New Zealand (Chatham Islands)
|
|
Christianity including Rātana
|
Morlachs
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian, Chakavian; historically Romance → Eastern Romance
|
Croatia
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism
|
Mormons<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English
|
United States (Mountain States)
|
|
Christianity → Mormonism
|
Moru
|
Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Moru
|
South Sudan (Western Equatoria)
|
Miza; Ägyi; Moroändri; Kediro, 'Bari'ba<ref>TUCKER, A.N. (1940) The Eastern Sudanic Languages. OUP</ref>
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism → Episcopal Church of the South Sudan<ref>LAWIRI, E.B. (1987) The Growth of the Church in Moru Country. Moru Literacy Project, Mundri, Sudan. He set the Christian foundation through his work in Lui.</ref>
|
Mossi
|
Niger–Congo → Gur → Mossi
|
Burkina Faso (Mossiland)
|
|
Islam
|
Mosuo
|
Sino-Tibetan → Naish → Na
|
China (Sichuan and Yunnan)
|
|
Daba, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
|
Motu
|
Austronesian → Papuan Tip → Motu
|
Papua New Guinea (Central Province)
|
|
Christianity, Shamanism
|
Mudburra
|
Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Mudburra
|
Australia (Northern Territory)
|
|
Alcheringa
|
Mughals
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani; historically Indo-European → Iranic → Persian
|
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
|
|
Islam
|
Muhajir
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Urdu
|
Pakistan
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Muiscas
|
Chibchan → Chibcha
|
Colombia (Altiplano Cundiboyacense)
|
|
Muisca religion, Christianity → Catholicism
|
Mumuye
|
Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Mumuye
|
Nigeria (Taraba State)
|
|
Traditional African religions
|
Munanese
|
Austronesian → Celebic → Munanese<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Indonesia (Muna)
|
|
Islam
|
Mundas
|
Austroasiatic → Munda → Mundari
|
India (Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal)
|
Sabar, Mahali
|
Sarnaism
|
Murut
|
Austronesian → Southwest Sabahan → Murutic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Malaysia (Murutia)
|
Okolod, Keningau, Tagal, Paluan, Selungai, Timugon, Serudung, Sembakung, Tidong, Kalabakan, Bulungan, Bookan
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Muscogee
|
Muskogean → Muscogee,<ref name="American Indians" group="note" /> Muskogean → Eastern Muskogean → Mikasuki
|
United States (Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia)<ref name="Trail of Tears" group="note" />
|
Thlopthlocco, Kialegee, Muscogee Nation, Poarch Band, Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe, Creek Freedmen
|
Native American religion → Creek mythology, Four Mothers Society
|
Musgum
|
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Musgu
|
Cameroon (Far North Region), Chad (Chari-Baguirmi, Mayo-Kebbi Est)
|
|
Islam
|
Muslimani
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Serbo-Croatian<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Serbo-Croatian language family" group="note">Shtokavian, Chakavian, Kajkavian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slavomolisano are often considered separate languages depending on classification, but Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin are typically considered Shtokavian varieties rather than distinct languages due to high degrees of mutual intelligibility.</ref>
|
Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, North Macedonia
|
|
Islam
|
Muthuvans
|
Dravidian → Tamiloid → Muthuvan
|
India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Mwera
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mwera
|
Tanzania (Mtwara and Ruvuma Regions)
|
|
Islam
|
Nagas
|
Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Kuki-Chin–Naga;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Chin–Naga" group="note" /> historically Angami Naga Sign
|
India (Nagaland, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam), Myanmar (Naga Self-Administered Zone)
|
Angami, Ao, Chakhesang (including Chokri and Khezha), Chang, Khiamniungan, Konyak, Lotha, Mao, Maram, Maring, Nocte, Phom, Pochury, Poumai, Rengma, Sangtam, Sumi, Tangkhul, Tangsa, Tikhir, Wancho, Yimkhiung, Zeliangrong (Zemi, Liangmei, Rongmei/Kabui), Lamkang Naga
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Baptism
|
Nagpuri
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Sadri
|
India (Chota Nagpur Plateau)
|
Chik Baraik
|
Hinduism
|
Nahuas
|
Uto-Aztecan → Nahuan → Nahuatl
|
Mexico
|
Huasteca Nahuas, Mexicaneros, Sierra Puebla Nahuas, Guerrero Nahuas, Orizaba Nahuas, Southeastern Puebla Nahuas, Central Nahuas, Pipil
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Aztec religion
|
Nakoda
|
Siouan → Western Siouan → Stoney
|
Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan)
|
Wood Stoney, Mountain Stoney
|
Christianity
|
Nama
|
Khoe → Khoekhoe
|
Namibia (Namaland), South Africa
|
Oorlams
|
Christianity
|
Nanai
|
Tungusic → Nanai, Tungusic → Kili
|
Russia, China
|
|
Shamanism, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
|
Naso
|
Chibchan → Talamanca → Teribe
|
Panama (Bocas del Toro)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Natchez
|
Natchez language<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
|
United States (Oklahoma, South Carolina)
|
Eastern Band
|
Christianity, Native American religion
|
Nauruans
|
Austronesian → Micronesian → Nauruan
|
Nauru
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Navajo
|
Na-Dene → Apachean → Navajo; Navajo Family Sign<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
|
United States (Dinétah)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Native American Church
|
Ndendeule
|
Niger-Congo languages → Bantu languages → Ndendeule
|
Tanzania
|
|
Animism
|
Negidals
|
Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Negidal
|
Russia (Khabarovsk Krai), Ukraine
|
|
Shamanism
|
Nenets
|
Uralic → Samoyedic → Nenets<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
|
Forest Nenets, Tundra Nenets
|
Shamanism, Animism
|
Newars
|
Sino-Tibetan → Newar
|
Nepal (Kathmandu Valley)
|
Rajupadhaya, Rajbhandari, Pradhan, Malla, Shrestha, Shakya, Chitrakar
|
Hinduism, Buddhism → Vajrayana → Newar Buddhism
|
Nez Perce
|
Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Nez Perce,<ref name="American Indians" group="note" /> Indo-European → Germanic → English
|
United States (Idaho, Washington)
|
|
Waashat Religion, Christianity
|
Ngabe
|
Chibchan → Guaymi
|
Panama (Ngabe-Bugle Comarca)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Ngaju
|
Austronesian → Barito → Ngaju
|
Indonesia (Central Kalimantan)
|
Bakumpai, Meratus
|
Kaharingan
|
Ngalop
|
Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Dzongkha
|
Bhutan
|
Kheng, Bumthang
|
Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon
|
Nganasans
|
Uralic → Samoyedic → Nganasan; historically Indo-European → Slavic → Russian → Taimyr Pidgin Russian
|
Russia (Taymyr Autonomous Okrug)
|
|
Animism, Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Ngarinyin
|
Worrorran → Ngarinyin
|
Australia (Western Australia)
|
|
Dreamtime
|
Ngbandi
|
Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Ngbandi
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic
|
Yakoma
|
Christianity
|
Ngoni
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ngoni
|
Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Zambia
|
|
Christianity, African Traditional Religion, Sangoma, Islam
|
Ni-Vanuatu
|
Indo-European → English Creole → Bislama; over 100 Oceanic languages
|
Vanuatu
|
|
Christianity, Animism
|
Nias
|
Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Nias
|
Indonesia (Nias)
|
|
Christianity
|
Nicobarese
|
Austroasiatic → Nicobarese
|
India (Nicobar Islands)
|
|
Christianity, Animism
|
Nipmucs
|
Historically Algic → Algonquian → Loup A, Massachusett
|
United States (Chaubunagungamaug Reservation, Hassanamisco Reservation)
|
Chaubunagungamaug Nipmuck, Hassanamisco Nipmuc, Nipmuc Nation
|
Manito, Christianity
|
Nisga'a
|
Tsimshianic → Nass–Gitksan → Nisga'a
|
Canada (British Columbia)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Niueans
|
Austronesian → Malayo-Polyesian → Polynesian → Niuean
|
New Zealand (Niue)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
|
Nivkhs
|
Nivkh languages<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Russia (Khabarovsk Krai, Sakhalin Oblast)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Nkole
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nkore-Kiga → Nkore
|
Uganda (Ankole)
|
|
Christianity, Ruhanga
|
Nogais
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Nogai
|
Russia (North Caucasus)
|
Ak Nogai, Karagash
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Noongar
|
Pama-Nyungan → Nyungic → Noongar
|
Australia (Western Australia)
|
Amangu, Ballardong, Yued, Kaneang, Koreng, Mineng, Njakinjaki, Njunga, Pibelmen, Pindjarup, Wadandi, Whadjuk, Wiilman, Wudjari
|
Alcheringa
|
Norfolk Islanders
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Pitcairn–Norfolk → Norfuk
|
Australia (Norfolk Island)
|
|
Irreligion, Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Norwegians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Norwegian; Indo-European → Germanic → Dano-Norwegian → Urban East Norwegian, Bokmål, Riksmål; Francosign → DTSic → Norwegian Sign
|
Norway
|
Kola Norwegians, Svalbarders, along with Significant populations in the United States, and Norwegian Canadians
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
|
Nubians
|
Nilo-Saharan → Nubian<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Nubia (Egypt, Sudan)
|
Nobiin, Mattokki, Dongolawi, Midob, Birgid, Hill Nubians (including Dilling, Debri, Ghulfan, Kadaru, Karko, and Wali)
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Nubis
|
Afroasiatic → Arabic creoles → Nubi
|
Uganda, Kenya
|
Ugandan Nubis, Kenyan Nubis
|
Islam
|
Nuer
|
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Nuer
|
South Sudan (Nuerland)
|
|
Traditional African religions
|
NunatuKavummiut
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Newfoundland English
|
Canada (NunatuKavut)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Evangelicalism; Animism
|
Nùng
|
Kra–Dai → Tai → Nùng
|
Vietnam, China (Guangxi)
|
|
Moism
|
Nuristanis
|
Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Nuristani<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Afghanistan (Nuristan)
|
Safed-Posh Kaffirs (including Askunis), Kamkata-viris (including Kata and Kom)
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Nuu-chah-nulth
|
Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Nuu-chah-nulth
|
Canada (British Columbia)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Nuxalk
|
Salishan → Nuxalk
|
Canada (British Columbia)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Nyambo
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nyambo
|
Tanzania (Karagwe District, Kagera Region)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Evangelicalism
|
Nyishi
|
Sino-Tibetan → Tani → Nishi
|
India (Arunachal Pradesh)
|
|
Christianity
|
O'odham
|
Uto-Aztecan → Piman → O'odham
|
Mexico (Sonora), United States (Arizona)
|
Akimel O'odham, Tohono O'odham, Hia C-eḍ O'odham
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Native American religion
|
Ōbeikei Islanders
|
Indo-European → English Creole → Bonin English
|
Japan (Bonin Islands)
|
|
Christianity, Buddhism, Shinto
|
Occitans
|
Indo-European → Romance → Occitan,<ref name="France" group="note" /> Gardiol
|
Occitania (France, Italy, Spain, MonacoTemplate:Refn)
|
Aranese, Auvergnats, Provencals, Languedociens, Gascons, Nicois, Guardiota, Monegasques
|
Christianity
|
Odawa
|
Algic → Algonquian → Ottawa<ref group="note" name="Assimilation of First Nations" />
|
Canada (Ontario), United States (Oklahoma, Michigan)
|
|
Midewiwin, Animism, Traditional religion, Christianity<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Odia
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Odia
|
India (Odisha)
|
Utkala Brahmins, Khandayat, Bonaz, Badu; Bairagi (Oriya); Barika; Chaikwa; Chatarkheya; Dhobi, Oriya; Ganrar; Ghantarghada; Girigiria; Gond (Oriya); Haddi; Jhodia; Kobari; Koraga; Kuliya; Lohar, Oriya; Mali, Oriya; Malia; Panka (Oriya); Paroja; Patra; Radhi; Sannyasi; Teli, Oriya; Thanapati; Thoria
|
Hinduism
|
Ogiek
|
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Ogiek
|
Kenya (Mau Forest, Mount Elgon)
|
|
Christianity, Traditional Ogiek religion<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|
Ogoni
|
Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ogoni<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Nigeria (Ogoniland)
|
Baan, Eleme, Gokana, Tẹẹ
|
Christianity
|
Ogu
|
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Gun
|
Nigeria (Lagos, Ogun State), Benin
|
|
Christianity, Islam, West African Vodun<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
|
Oji-Cree
|
Algic → Algonquian → Oji-Cree
|
Canada (Ontario, Manitoba)
|
|
Anishinaabe traditional beliefs, Christianity<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
|
Ojibwe
|
Algic → Algonquian → Ojibwe<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note" name="Assimilation of First Nations">Due to a long history of forced assimilation by both American and Canadian governments, the vast majority can only speak English.</ref>
|
Anishinaabeland (Canada, United States)
|
Mississaugas, Saulteaux, Findians
|
Midewiwin
|
Okies
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Oklahoman English
|
United States (Oklahoma, California)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Southern Baptist
|
Oku
|
Indo-European → English Creole → Krio; Indo-European → Germanic → English
|
Sierra Leone, The Gambia
|
|
Islam
|
Omaha
|
Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Omaha-Ponca
|
United States (Nebraska, Iowa)
|
|
Christianity, Native American religion
|
Oneida
|
Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Oneida<ref group="note" name="Assimilation of First Nations" />
|
Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Wisconsin)
|
|
Longhouse Religion
|
Onge
|
Ongan → Onge
|
India (Little Andaman Island)
|
|
Animism
|
Onondaga
|
Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Onondaga
|
Canada (Ontario), United States (New York)
|
|
Longhouse Religion, Kanoh'hon'io, Kahni'kwi'io, Christianity<ref name=":02">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Orcadians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Scots → Orcadian; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Scottish English; BANZSL → British Sign; historically Indo-European → Germanic → Norn
|
United Kingdom (Orkney)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Presbyterianism<ref name="Brown1996">Template:Cite book</ref>
|
Ormurs
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Ormuri
|
Afghanistan (Logar Province), Pakistan (South Waziristan)
|
|
Islam
|
Orochs
|
Tungusic → Udegheic → Oroch
|
Russia (Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Primorsky Krai)
|
|
Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy<ref name="illhkomisc">Template:Cite journal</ref>
|
Oroks<ref group="note">Sometimes known as Ulita.</ref>
|
Tungusic → Nanaic → Orok
|
Russia (Sakhalin Oblast), Japan
|
Karafuto Oroks<ref group="note">Resettled in Hokkaido after 1945.</ref>
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
|
Oromo
|
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Oromo<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Ethiopia (Oromia), Kenya
|
Boorana, Barento, Salale, Machaa, Arsi, Wollo
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Oroqens
|
Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Oroqen
|
China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia)
|
|
Shamanism, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Osage
|
Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Osage; Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → Romance → French<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
United States (Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas)
|
|
Christianity, Inlonshka, Traditional Spirituality<ref>Template:OED</ref>
|
Ossetians
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Ossetian<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Ossetia (Russia, Georgia)
|
Iron, Digor, Kudar, Trialeti Ossetians
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Ot Danum
|
Austronesian → Greater Barito → Ot Danum
|
Indonesia (West and Central Kalimantan)
|
Lawangan, Ma'anyan
|
Kaharingan
|
Otomi
|
Oto-Manguean → Otomian → Otomi
|
Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, State of Mexico, Queretaro)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Ovambo
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ovambo
|
Namibia (Ovamboland), Angola
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
|
Ovimbundu
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Umbundu
|
Angola
|
|
Christianity
|
lang}}
|
Indo-European → Germanic →English → New Zealand English
|
New Zealand
|
|
Irreligion, Christianity
|
Palau
|
Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Palauan; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Palauan English
|
Palau
|
|
Christianity, Modekngei
|
Palawa
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English; Palawa kani; historically Tasmanian languages<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Tasmanian languages" group="note">Though many Tasmanian languages are not genetically related to each other, they are all known to be ethnolects developed by the Palawa.</ref>
|
Australia (Tasmania)
|
|
Alcheringa
|
Palembangese
|
Austronesian → Malayic → Palembang
|
Indonesia (South Sumatra)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Palula
|
Indo-European → Dardic → Palula
|
Pakistan (Chitral District)
|
Ashreti, Biori
|
Islam → Sunni Islam<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
|
Pamiris
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Pamir<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan, Afghanistan, China)
|
Shughni, Sarikoli (including Tajiks of Xinjiang), Yazghulami, Munji, Yidgha, Sanglechi, Ishkashimi
|
Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism
|
Pangasinese
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Pangasinan
|
Philippines (Pangasinan)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Papel
|
Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Papel
|
Guinea-Bissau (Biombo Region)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Parachis
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Parachi
|
Afghanistan (Nijrab District, Kabul)
|
|
Islam
|
Paramaccan
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Ndyuka
|
Suriname (Pamacca)
|
|
Winti
|
Pardo
|
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese
|
Brazil
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Pare
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pare
|
Tanzania (Pare Mountains)
|
|
Islam
|
Parsis
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujaratic → Gujarati
|
Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan)
|
|
Zoroastrianism
|
Pashayi
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dardic → Pashayi<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Afghanistan (Laghman, Kapisa and Nangarhar Provinces)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam, Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism
|
Pashtuns
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Pashto<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Pashtunistan (Afghanistan, Pakistan), Iran (Khorasan, Mazandaran), India
|
Kakar, Ghilji (including Lodi (including Niazi, Hotak (including Babai), and Lohani (including Marwat))), Popalzai (including Sudhan), Punjabi Pathans (including Malerkotla Pathans and Multani Pathans), Tareen, Bettani (including Shirani), Afridi, Sarbani, Bangash, Karlani, Rohilla, and other Pashtun tribes, with significant populations in the United States, India, Kashmir, Sri Lanka
|
Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi; Sikhism
|
Pataxó
|
Macro-Jê → Maxakalian → Pataxó
|
Brazil (Bahia)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Pawnee
|
Caddoan → Pawnee-Kitsai → Pawnee-Arikara → Pawnee
|
United States (Oklahoma, formerly Kansas and Nebraska)
|
|
Christianity, Native American Church
|
Pedi
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Northern Sotho → Sepedi
|
South Africa (Limpopo)
|
|
Christianity
|
Pende
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pende
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
|
Christianity
|
Pennsylvania Dutch
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pennsylvania Dutch English
|
United States (Pennsylvania)
|
Schwenkfelders, River Brethren (including Yorker Brethren)
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Persians
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Persian, Achomi
|
Iran (Fars)
|
Arab-Persians, Achomi, Sistanis (including Khorasani Sistanis and Golestani Sistanis), Dezfulis, Shushtaris, along with significant populations in the United States, the United Arab Emirates, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, Bahrain, Australia, and Sweden
|
Islam → Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Islam → Sufism → Ni'matullāhī, Safaviyya, Zoroastrianism, Baháʼí
|
Piapoco
|
Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Piapoco
|
Colombia (Meta), Venezuela
|
|
Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism
|
Pied-Noir
|
Indo-European → Romance → French
|
Algeria
|
|
Christianity
|
Pitcairn Islanders
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Pitcairn-Norfolk → Pitkern
|
British Overseas Territories (Pitcairn Islands)
|
Significant population in Norfolk Island, along with a diaspora in Australia, and New Zealand<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Seventh-day Adventism
|
Pitjantjara
|
Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Pitjantjara
|
Australia (Central Australia)
|
|
Alcheringa
|
Podlashuks
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Ukrainian or Belarusian → Podlachian
|
Poland (Podlachia)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Christianity → Catholicism
|
Pohnpeians
|
Austronesian → Micronesian → Pohnpeian
|
Federated States of Micronesia (Pohnpei)
|
|
Christianity
|
Poles
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Polish, Belarusian → Simple speech; Polish Sign Language
|
Poland, Czech Republic (Trans-Olza), Kresy and surrounding regions
|
Masovians (including Bambers, Kurpies, Łowiczans, Masurians, Międzyrzec Boyars, Poborzans, Podlachians), Greater Polish (including Kaliszans, Kuyavians (including Kuyavian Borowiaks), and Taśtaks), Lesser Polish (including Cracovians, Lasovians, Lublinians, Sącz Lachs, and Sandomierzans), Kociewians, Łęczycans, Polish Uplanders, Sieradzans, Borderlands Poles (including Bug River Poles), Tuchola Borowians, Kocievians, Template:Ill, and Warmians, as well as Significant populations in the United States, Brazil, Germany, Canada, Iceland, Sweden, France, Armenia, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, Argentina, Belarus, Russia, Azerbaijan, Australia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Ireland, and Norway
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Poleshuks
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Belarusian or Ukrainian → West Polesian
|
Polesia (Belarus, Poland, Russia, Ukraine)
|
|
Christianity
|
Ponca
|
Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Omaha-Ponca
|
United States (Nebraska, Oklahoma)
|
|
Christianity, Native American Church
|
Portuguese
|
Indo-European → Romance → European Portuguese
|
Portugal
|
Alentejans, Algarveans, Azoreans, Barranquenhos,<ref name="Barranquenho">Template:Cite book</ref> Beiroes, Madeirans, Mindericos, Minhotos, Olivenzans, Ribatejanos, Transmontanos
|
Roman Catholic
|
Potawatomi
|
Algic → Algonquian → Potawatomi
|
Canada (Ontario, United States (Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Oklahoma, Wisconsin)
|
|
Midewiwin, Christianity → Catholicism; Protestantism → Methodism<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Potiguara
|
Tupian → Potiguara' Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese
|
Brazil (Paraíba)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Powhatans
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English; historically Algic → Algonquian → Virginia Algonquian
|
United States (Tsenacommacah)
|
|
Christianity, Native American religion<ref name="indians.vipnet.org">"Writers' Guide" Template:Webarchive, Virginia Council on Indians, Commonwealth of Virginia, 2009</ref>
|
Punjabi Mexican Americans
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English
|
United States (California)
|
|
Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity
|
Punjabis
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Punjabic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Punjab (Pakistan, India)
|
Arain, Awan, Gujjars, Jat, Khatris, Punjabi Rajputs, Sikhs, Saraiki Punjabis, Chibhālīs,<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> along with significant populations in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States
|
Islam → Sunnism; Hinduism; Sikhism; Ravidassia
|
Purepecha
|
Purépechan languages<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Mexico (Michoacan)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Qarai
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Persian, Balochi
|
Iran (Kerman province)
|
|
Islam → Shi'ism
|
Qaratays
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar → Qataray
|
Russia (Kamsko-Ustyinsky District)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy; Protestantism → Baptism
|
Qashqai
|
Turkic → Oghuz → Qashqai
|
Iran (Fars province)
|
|
Islam → Shi'ism
|
Qiang
|
Sino-Tibetan → Qiangic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
China (Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture)
|
|
Qiang folk religion
|
Quapaw
|
Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Quapaw
|
United States (Oklahoma, formerly Arkansas)
|
|
Christianity, Native American religion, Native American Church
|
Quechan
|
Yuman → Quechan
|
United States (Arizona, California)
|
|
Native American religion, Christianity
|
Quechua
|
Quechuan<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina
|
Ayacucho, Cajamarca–Canaris, Central, Chachapoyas, Cusco, Inga, Huanca, Kichwa, Lamas, North Bolivian, Pacaraos, Puno, Santiagueno, South Bolivian
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Inca religion
|
Quileute
|
Chimakuan → Quileute
|
United States (Washington)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Qulla
|
Quechuan → Quechua II → Southern Quechua
|
Qullaw (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Rabari
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati, Sindhi → Kutchi
|
India (Kutch)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Rade
|
Austronesian → Chamic → Rade
|
Central Highlands, Vietnam
|
|
Christianity
|
Rajasthanis
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Rajasthani<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
India (Rajasthan)
|
Charan, Kachhi, Marwari, Meena, Rajputs (including Chandels, Mahyavanshi, and Molesalam)
|
Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism
|
Rajbanshi
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kamtapuri
|
India (Assam, West Bengal), Bangladesh
|
|
Hinduism
|
Rakhine
|
Sino-Tibetan → Burmese → Arakanese
|
Myanmar (Rakhine State)
|
Marma
|
Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
|
Rama
|
Chibchan → Rama; Germanic → English Creole → Miskito Coast Creole → Rama Cay Creole
|
Nicaragua (Rama Cay)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Moravian Church
|
Ramkokamekra
|
Macro-Je → Je → Canela
|
Brazil (Northeast Region)
|
|
Animism
|
Ranquel
|
Araucanian → Mapudungun → Ranquel
|
Argentina (La Pampa Province)
|
|
Native American religion<ref>Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010 Template:Webarchive</ref>
|
Rapa Iti
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Rapa
|
France (Rapa Iti)
|
|
Christianity
|
Rapa Nui
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Rapa Nui
|
Chile (Easter Island)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Redbones
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English
|
United States (Louisiana)
|
|
Christianity
|
Reisende
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Norwegian
|
Norway
|
|
Christianity
|
Rejangese
|
Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Rejang
|
Indonesia (Rejang Lebong Regency)
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Relli
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Reli, Hindi
|
India (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Rendille
|
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Rendille
|
Kenya (Eastern Province)
|
|
Waaq
|
Resians
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Slovene → Resian
|
Italy (Resia)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Rhodesians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Zimbabwean English
|
Zimbabwe
|
Significant populations in the United Kingdom
|
Christianity
|
Rifians
|
Afroasiatic → Berber → Tarifit
|
Morocco
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Rohingyas
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Rohingya
|
Myanmar (Rakhine State)
|
|
Islam
|
Roma
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Romani,<ref name="Language family" group="note"/> Para-Romani;<ref name="Language family" group="note"/><ref name="Para-Romani languages" group="note">Though many Para-Romani languages are not genetically related to each other beyond having a Romani substrate, they are all known to be ethnolects developed by the Romani diaspora.</ref> Indo-European → Romance → Romanian → Boyash
|
Europe, Turkey, Cyprus, Caucasus<ref name="nomadic" group="note" />
|
Kalderash, Iberian Cales (including Spanish Cales, Portuguese Cales, Brazilian Cales), Erromintxela, Finnish Kale, Welsh Kale, Vlax Roma, Romanichal (including Scottish Romanichal Travellers), Lowland Scottish Travellers, Burgenland Roma, Sinti (including Manouches), Belaruska Roma, Litovska Roma, Lotfitka Roma, Ruska Roma, Crimean Roma (including Urmacheli, Krimurja, Tayfa), Gurbeti, Xoraxane Roma (including Turkish Roma, Zargari, and Arlije), Romanisal, Bergitka Roma, Polska Roma, Cascarots, Ursari, Balshade, Romanlar (including Turkish Roma, Sepetçi, Ayjides, Yerli, and Çerge), Wallachian Roma, Servitka Roma, Lovari, Boyash, along with significant populations in Albania, Algeria, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Mexico, Montenegro, Morocco, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States (including Balshade, Afro-Roma), and Uruguay
|
Christianity, Islam
|
Romands
|
Indo-European → Romance → Franco-Provencal, Frainc-Comtou, French → Swiss French
|
Switzerland (Romandy)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Calvinism
|
Romanians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Romanian
|
Romania, Moldova
|
Northern Dobrujans, Transylvanians, Wallachians (including Oltenians and Muntenians), Moldavians, Southern Bukovinians, along with significant populations in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Romansh
|
Indo-European → Romance → Romansh
|
Switzerland (Grisons)
|
|
Christianity
|
Rotenese
|
Austronesian → Timoric → Rotenese<ref name="Language family" group="note"/>
|
Indonesia (Rote Island)
|
Dela, Oenale
|
Christianity
|
Rotumans
|
Austronesian → Central Pacific → Rotuman
|
Fiji (Rotuma)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Seventh-day Adventism, Methodism; Catholicism<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Russians
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Russian; Francosign → Russian Sign
|
Russia, Ukraine (Sumy Oblast), and surrounding regions
|
Caucasus Russians, Siberians, Cossacks (including Kuban Cossacks and Nekrasov Cossacks), Pomors, Subbotniks, Old Believers (including Kamenschiks, Lipovans, Semeiskie), Karyms, Gurans, Doukhobors, Alaskan Russians (including Alaskan Creoles, Alaskan Old Believers), Goryuns, Kamchadals, Molokans (including Subbotnik Molokans), Polekhs, Starozhily, along with significant populations in Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China (including Hong Kong), Estonia, France, Germany, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Taiwan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Armenia (including Molokans), the United States, Uzbekistan
|
Christianity → Spiritual Christianity, Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Old Believerism and Old Ritualism; Christianity and Animism → Eastern Orthodoxy and Animism → Pomor Christianity
|
Rusyns
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Carpathian Rusyn, Pannonian Rusyn
|
Transcarpathia (Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland),<ref group="note">The Rusyn identity is mostly limited to those residing outside of Carpathian Ruthenia. Within Carpathian Ruthenia itself (especially in the Ukrainian region), the majority of its residents identify themselves as being Ukrainian.</ref> Pannonian Plain (Croatia, Serbia), Romania (Bukovina, Maramureș), Lemkovyna (
|
Pannonian Rusyns, Lemkos, Hutsuls, Boykos, Template:Ill, Template:Ill, with significant populations in the United States and Romania
|
Christianity → Eastern Catholicism
|
Rutuls
|
Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Rutul
|
Russia (Dagestan), Azerbaijan
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Ryukyuans
|
Japonic → Ryukyuan;<ref name="Language family" group="note"/><ref name="Ryukyuan languages" group="note">All Ryukyuan speakers are seen as one ethnicity; however, due to a history of forced assimilation by the Japanese government, the majority can only speak Japanese.</ref> Japonic → Japanese → Okinawan Japanese, Amami Japanese; JSLic → Japanese Sign; Koniya Sign Language
|
Japan (Ryukyu Islands)
|
Amami (including Kikai, Amami Ōshima (including Setouchi), Tokunoshima, Okinoerabu, and Yoron), Okinawans (including Kunigami) Miyakoans, Tarama, Yaeyama, Yonaguni, with significant populations in Template:Ill, Brazil, and the United States (including Hawaii)
|
Irreligion; Ryukyuan religion; Christianity → Catholicism → Ryukyuan Catholicism
|
Saho
|
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Saho
|
Eritrea, Ethiopia
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Sahrawis
|
Afroasiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic
|
Western Sahara
|
Reguibat, Oulad Delim, Oulad Tidrarin, Laaroussien, Tekna, Tajakant, Aït Oussa
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Saint Helenians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English
|
Saint Helena
|
|
Christianity → Anglicanism
|
Saint Thomas Christians
|
Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam
|
India (Kerala)
|
Northists, Knanayas
|
Christianity → Saint Thomas Christianity
|
Sakizaya
|
Austronesian → East Formosan → Sakizaya
|
Hualien County (Taiwan)
|
|
Animism, Christianity
|
Salar
|
Turkic → Oghuz → Salar
|
China (Qinghai, Gansu)
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Salinan
|
Hokan → Salinan
|
United States (California)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Sama–Bajau
|
Austronesian → Barito → Sama–Bajaw<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Maritime Southeast Asia (Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei)<ref name="nomadic" group="note" />
|
Sama (including Banguingui), Bajaw, Abaknon
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Samaritans
|
Afroasiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew; Afroasiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic → Palestinian Arabic; historically Afroasiatic → Northwest Semitic → Samaritan Hebrew, Samaritan Aramaic
|
Israel
|
|
Samaritanism
|
Sambal
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Sambalic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Philippines (Zambales)
|
Bolinao, Botolan (including Banguingui)
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Sámi
|
Uralic → Sámi;<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> historically Uralic → Sámi → Akkala Sámi, Kemi Sámi, Kainuu Sámi
|
Sápmi (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia)
|
Inari Sámi, Kildin Sámi, Lule Sámi, Northern Sámi, Pite Sámi, Skolt Sámi, Southern Sámi, Ter Sámi, Ume Sámi, Akkala Sámi
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
|
Samoans
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Samoan
|
Samoan Islands (Samoa, American Samoa)
|
American Samoans, Samoan Samoans, with significant populations in New Zealand, the United States
|
Christianity
|
Sandawe
|
Sandawe
|
Tanzania (Chemba District)
|
|
Traditional African Religion, Islam
|
Sangirese
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Sangirese
|
Indonesia (Sangihe Islands), Philippines (Mindanao)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Sanka<ref group="note">Also known as Japanese Gypsies.</ref>
|
Japonic → Japanese → Sanka
|
Japan (mountainous regions of Honshu)
|
|
Animism
|
Sankethi Brahmin
|
Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil → Sankethi
|
India (Karnataka)
|
|
Hinduism → Advaita Vedanta
|
Santal
|
Austroasiatic → Munda → Santali
|
India (West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha)<ref name="non-contiguous" group="note" />
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Sara
|
Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Sara<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Chad, Central African Republic
|
Ngambay, Doba, Laka, Kabba, Sar, Mbay, Ngam, Dagba, Gulay
|
Traditional African religions
|
Saramaka
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Saramaccan
|
Suriname
|
|
Winti, Christianity → Moravian Church
|
Sardinians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Sardinian,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Indo-European → Romance → Sassarese, Indo-European → Romance → Gallurese
|
Italy (Sardinia)
|
Logudorese, Campidanese, Sassarese, Gallurese
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Sasak
|
Austronesian → Sasak
|
Indonesia (Lombok)
|
|
Islam
|
Saurashtras
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Saurashtra
|
India (South India)
|
|
Hinduism → Vaishnavism, Hinduism → Shaivism
|
Savu
|
Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Sumba → Hawu
|
India (Savu)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Scots
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Scots, English → Scottish English; Indo-European → Celtic → Scottish Gaelic;<ref name="Celts" group="note" /> BANZSL → British Sign
|
United Kingdom (Scotland)
|
Ulster Scots, Highlanders, Lowlanders, Berwickers, along with significant populations in the United States (including Scotch-Irish Americans), Canada (including Scotch-Irish Canadians), Australia, Argentina, Russia, and the Bahamas
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
|
Sekani
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Sekani
|
Canada (British Columbia)
|
|
Christianity, Animism
|
Selk'nam
|
Chonan → Selk'nam, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish
|
Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile)
|
|
Animism, Christianity
|
Selkups
|
Uralic → Samoyedic → Selkup
|
Russia (Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tyumen Oblast)
|
|
Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Seminoles
|
Muskogean → Muscogee → Seminole, Muskogean → Mikasuki, Afro-Seminole Creole
|
United States (Oklahoma, Florida), Mexico (Coahuila)
|
Oklahoma Seminoles, Black Seminoles (including Mascogos), Florida Seminoles
|
Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism; Green Corn Ceremony
|
Semnanis
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Semnani<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Iran (Semnan)
|
Biyabunakis, Sangsaris, Sorkheis, Aftaris, Lasgerdis
|
Islam → Shi'ism → Twelver Shi'ism
|
Seneca
|
Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Seneca
|
Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma)
|
|
Longhouse Religion, Christianity<ref>Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh</ref>
|
Sentinelese
|
Sentinelese
|
India (North Sentinel Island)
|
|
Animism<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
|
Senufo
|
Atlantic–Congo → (disputed) → Senufo<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso
|
Nafana, Minyanka
|
Traditional African religions
|
Serbs
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian → Serbian
|
Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republika Srpska), Montenegro, Croatia, Kosovo, Romania, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, North Macedonia
|
Kosovo Serbs, Montenegrin Serbs, Croatian Serbs, Bosnian Serbs, Macedonian Serbs, Romanian Serbs, Hungarian Serbs, Albanian Serbs, Bulgarian Serbs, Slovenian Serbs, Vojvodinian Serbs, Triestine Serbs, Serb Muslims, along with significant populations in Greece, Germany, Austria, France, Slovakia, and Sweden
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Serer
|
Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Serer, Cangin<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Senegal
|
Laalaa, Ndut, Niominka, Serer-Noon, Palor, Saafi
|
Islam, Serer religion
|
Serrano
|
Uto-Aztecan → Takic → Serrano<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
|
United States (California)
|
Mountain Serrano, Desert Serrano
|
Native American religion
|
Seychellois Creoles
|
Indo-European → French-based creole → Seychellois Creole
|
Seychelles
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Shan
|
Kra–Dai → Tai → Shan
|
Myanmar (Shan State)
|
|
Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
|
Sharchops
|
Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tshangla
|
Bhutan (Lhuntse, Mongar, Pemagatshel, Samdrup Jongkhar, Trashigang, and Trashiyangtse Districts)
|
|
Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon
|
Shawnee
|
Algic → Algonquian → Shawnee
|
United States (Oklahoma, historically Ohio)
|
Absentee Shawnee, Eastern Shawnee, Piqua Shawnee, Shawnee Tribe
|
Indigenous religion<ref name="oic">Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial. Template:Webarchive. 2008.</ref>
|
Sherbro
|
Atlantic–Congo → Mel → Sherbro
|
Sierra Leone (Sherbro Island)
|
|
Traditional African religions
|
Sherpas
|
Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Sherpa
|
Nepal, India (Sikkim, West Bengal)
|
|
Buddhism
|
Shetlanders
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Scots → Shetlandic; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Scottish English; BANZSL → British Sign; historically Indo-European → Germanic → Norn
|
United Kingdom (Shetland)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Presbyterianism
|
Shilha
|
Afroasiatic → Berber → Shilha
|
Morocco
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Shilluk
|
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Shilluk
|
South Sudan
|
Gule
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Shina
|
Indo-European → Dardic → Shina, Indo-European → Dardic → Kohistani Shina
|
Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan)
|
Kohistani Shina
|
Islam
|
Shirazi
|
Atlantic-Congo → Bantu → Swahili
|
Tanzania (Swahili Coast), Kenya, Mozambique, Comoros
|
Zanzibaris, and Maore
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Shiriana
|
Arawakan → Shiriana, Arutani language
|
Brazil (Amazonas, Amazon rainforest), Venezuela (Amazon rainforest)
|
Auake
|
Animism<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
|
Shompen
|
Shompen
|
India (Great Nicobar Island)
|
|
Animism
|
Shona
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona
|
Zimbabwe (Mashonaland)
|
Manyika, Ndau
|
Christianity
|
Shopi
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Bulgarian
|
Shopluk (Bulgaria, Serbia, North Macedonia)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Shors
|
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Shor
|
Russia (Kemerovo Oblast)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Shor Shamanism
|
Shoshone
|
Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Shoshoni
|
Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, Utah (United States)
|
Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone, Western Shoshone, Goshute
|
Native American Church, Christianity
|
Sibe
|
Tungusic → Xibe<ref name="Tungusic" group="note" />
|
China (Liaoning, Jilin, Xinjiang)<ref name="non-contiguous" group="note" />
|
|
Shamanism<ref name="non-religious" group="note" />
|
Siberian Tatars
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Tobol-Irtysh, Baraba, Tom<ref name="Siberian Tatar dialects" group="note">While they are commonly subsumed into one Siberian Tatar language, the Tobol-Irtysh dialects belong to Kipchak-Nogai while the Baraba and Tom dialects belong to Kipchak-Kyrgyz.</ref>
|
Russia (Western Siberia)
|
Baraba Tatars, Chats, Eushta Tatars, Kalmak Tatars, Siberian Bukharans, Zabolotnie Tatars
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Siberian Yupik
|
Eskaleut → Eskimo → Siberian Yupik, Eskaleut → Eskimo → Naukan
|
Russia (Chukchi Peninsula), United States (St. Lawrence Island)
|
Naukan
|
Shamanism
|
Sicilians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Sicilian, Italian; historically Afroasiatic → Arabic → Sicilian Arabic
|
Italy (Sicily)
|
Pelagie Islanders (Lampedusans, Linosans), Pantellerians, with significant populations in the United States
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Sidama
|
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Sidaama
|
Ethiopia (Sidamia)
|
|
Christianity
|
Siddi
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili<ref group="note">The Siddi now speak the dominant language of their region.</ref> → Sidi
|
Pakistan (Baluchistan, Sindh), India (Karnataka, Gujarat, Hyderabad)
|
|
Islam
|
Sierra Leone Creoles
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Krio, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pichinglis
|
Sierra Leone
|
Gambian Creoles, Saros, Krio Fernandinos, with significant populations in the United States
|
Christianity
|
Sika
|
Austronesian → Flores–Lembata → Sika
|
Indonesia (Sikka Regency)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Silesians
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Silesian, Indo-European → Germanic → High German → Silesian German
|
Silesia (Poland, Germany, Czech Republic)
|
Cieszyn Vlachs, Template:Ill, along with significant populations in the United States (including Texas)
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Lutheranism
|
Siltʼe
|
Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Gurage → Siltʼe
|
Ethiopia (Siltia)
|
|
Islam
|
Sindhis
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sindhi
|
Pakistan (Sindh)
|
Jat, Jamote, Memon, Arain, Indian Sindhis
|
Islam → Sunnism → Hanafism; Hinduism
|
Sinhalese
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala
|
Sri Lanka
|
Dewa, British Sri Lankans, Burghers (including Portuguese Burghers and Dutch Burghers)
|
Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
|
Siona
|
Tucanoan → Western Tucanoan → Siona
|
Ecuador (Sucumbios), Colombia (Putumayo)
|
|
Animism
|
Sioux
|
Siouan → Western Siouan → Sioux<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">Due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.</ref>
|
United States (Lakotah)
|
Lakota (including Brulé, Oglala, Sans Arc, Hunkpapa, Miniconjou, and Sihasapa) and Dakota (including Mdewakanton)
|
Native American religion
|
Sirenik
|
Eskaleut → Eskimo → Siberian Yupik,<ref name="Sirenik language" group="note">Due to the Sirenik language going extinct, Sirenik people have begun using the related Siberian Yupik language in its place.</ref> historically Eskaleut → Eskimo → Sirenik
|
Russia (Sireniki)
|
|
Christianity, formerly shamanism
|
Skokomish
|
Salishan → Coast Salish → Twana
|
United States (Skokomish Indian Reservation)
|
|
Christianity → Indian Shaker Church<ref>Template:Cite book See also map on page 2</ref>
|
Slavey
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Slavey<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Canada (Alberta, Northwest Territories)
|
Deh Cho, Sahtu
|
Christianity, Animism
|
Slovaks
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Slovak; Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Slovak Sign
|
Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Austria, and surrounding regions
|
Significant populations in Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Hungary, Austria, Serbia, Croatia, United States, Australia, and Canada
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Slovenes
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Slovene
|
Slovenia, Austria (Carinthia), Hungary, Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia), Croatia (Istria, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Zagreb), and surrounding regions
|
Hungarian Slovenes (including Rába Slovenes), Carinthian Slovenes, Prekmurje Slovenes, Italian Slovenes, Croatian Slovenes along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Australia, Uruguay, Venezuela, Argentina, Croatia, and Italy
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Soga
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Soga
|
Uganda (Busoga)
|
|
Christianity, Traditional African religions
|
Somalis
|
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Somali<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Greater Somalia (Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya)
|
Hawiye, Darod (including Majeerteen), Isaaq, Dir, Rahanweyn, Madhiban, Yibir, Ajuran along with significant populations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Canada
|
Islam → Sunnism → Shafi'ism
|
Songhai
|
Songhay languages<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
West Africa
|
Songhai proper, Zarma, Wogo, Kurtey, Ingalkoyyu, Arma, Belbali, Dendi
|
Islam
|
Soninke
|
Niger–Congo → Mande → Soninke
|
Mali
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam → Malikism
|
Sonsorolese
|
Austronesian → Micronesian → Sonsorolese
|
Palau (Sonsorol)
|
|
Christianity
|
Soqotris
|
Afroasiatic → Eastern South Semitic → Soqotri
|
Yemen (Socotra)
|
|
Islam
|
Sorbs
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Sorbian<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Lusatia (Germany, Poland)
|
Upper Sorbs, Lower Sorbs, historically Polabians, with significant populations in the United States (including Texas)
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Sotho
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sotho
|
South Africa (Free State), Lesotho
|
|
Christianity
|
South Carolina Turks<ref name="Ognibene&Browder2018">Template:Citation</ref>
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English
|
United States (Dalzell, Sumter County, South Carolina)
|
|
Islam
|
South Sea Islanders
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Australian English
|
Australia (Queensland)
|
|
Christianity<ref name="AHRC">Tracey Flanagan, Meredith Wilkie, and Susanna Iuliano. "Australian South Sea Islanders: A Century of Race Discrimination under Australian Law", Australian Human Rights Commission.</ref>
|
Soyots
|
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Soyot
|
Russia (Okinsky District)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Spaniards
|
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish, Extremaduran, Asturleonese, Barranquenho, Quinqui jargon; Spanish Sign language
|
Spain, Portugal (Barrancos)
|
Andalusians, Barranquenhos,<ref name="Barranquenho"/> Castilians, Leonese, Cantabrians, Extremadurans, Mercheros, Olivenzans
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Sri Lanka Kaffirs
|
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese Creole → Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole
|
Sri Lanka (Puttalam, Trincomalee, Batticaloa, Negombo)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism; Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
|
Sri Lanka Malays
|
Austronesian → Malay creoles → Sri Lankan Malay
|
Sri Lanka
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Sri Lankan Moors
|
Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil → Sri Lankan Muslim Tamil
|
Sri Lanka
|
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Sri Lankan Chetties
|
Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala
|
Sri Lanka
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
|
Subanons
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Subanon<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Philippines (Zamboanga Peninsula)
|
Kolibugan, Lapuyan
|
Christianity, Islam, Animism
|
Sui
|
Kra–Dai → Kam–Sui → Sui
|
China (Sandu Shui Autonomous County)
|
|
Animism
|
Sukuma
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sukuma
|
Tanzania
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Sulanese
|
Austronesian → Central Maluku → Sula
|
Indonesia (Sula Islands Regency)
|
Fagudu, Falahu, Fatcei, Mangon
|
Islam → Sunnism; Animism
|
Sumba
|
Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Sumba<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Indonesia (Sumba)
|
Anakalangu, East Sumbanese, Kodi, Lamboya, West Sumbanese, Mamboru, Wanukaka
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Sumbawa
|
Austronesian → Sumbawa
|
Indonesia (Sumbawa)
|
|
Islam
|
Sundanese
|
Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Sundanese
|
Indonesia (Java)
|
Bantenese, Baduy, Ciptagelar
|
Islam → Sunnism
|
Surma
|
Nilo-Saharan → Surmic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Ethiopia, South Sudan
|
Me'en, Mursi, Kichepo
|
Traditional African religions
|
Susu
|
Niger–Congo → Mande → Susu
|
Guinea, Sierra Leone (Kambia)
|
|
Islam
|
Swabians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Alemannic German → Swabian German
|
Germany (Swabia)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Swahili
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili
|
Swahili coast (Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Comoros)
|
|
Islam
|
Swazi
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swazi
|
South Africa (Mpumalanga), Eswatini
|
|
Christianity → African Zionism
|
Swedes
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Swedish, Indo-European → Germanic → Dalecarlian, Indo-European → Germanic → East Danish → Scanian, Indo-European → Germanic → Gutnish, Indo-European → Germanic → Norrlandic, Indo-European → Germanic → Jamtska, SSLic → Swedish Sign
|
Sweden, Estonia (Aiboland)
|
Scanians, Jamtish, Gutnish, Dalecarlians, Estonian Swedes along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Argentina, and the United Kingdom
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
|
Sylhetis
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sylheti
|
Bangladesh (Sylhet Division), India (Barak Valley)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Syriacs
|
Afroasiatic → Semitic → Neo-Aramaic<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Neo-Aramaic" group="note">The Aramaic language morphed into the Neo-Aramaic languages around 1200 AD. Whether the majority of the Arameans are still speaking these languages is unclear, however.</ref>
|
Syria (Qalamoun Mountains)
|
Arameans (includes Israeli Arameans), Chaldean Catholics from Nineveh and Bohtan, Citadel Christians
|
Christianity → Eastern Christianity → Syriac Christianity
|
Tabaru people
|
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Tabaru
|
Indonesia (Jailolo)
|
|
Animism
|
Tabasaran
|
Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Tabasaran
|
Russia (Dagestan (Tabasaransky District))
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Tagalogs
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Tagalog
|
Philippines
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Tagish
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tagish
|
Canada (Yukon)
|
|
Christianity, Animism<ref>Keish (Skookum Jim, James Mason) at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography</ref>
|
Tahitians
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Tahitian<ref name="France" group="note" />
|
France (Tahiti)
|
|
Christianity
|
Tahltan
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tahltan
|
Canada (Northern British Columbia)
|
|
Christianity, Animism<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|
Taidnapam
|
Historically Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Northwest Sahaptin → Upper Cowlitz; Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Italic → Chinook Jargon
|
United States (Yakama Indian Reservation)
|
Upper Cowlitz, Lewis River Cowlitz
|
Native American religion<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Taino
|
Arawakan → Taino
|
Greater Antilles
|
|
Native American religion
|
Tajiks
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Tajik; Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Russian Sign → Tajik Sign
|
Central Asia
|
Kharduri, Chagatai, with significant populations in Uzbekistan, Pakistan
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Tallensi
|
Atlantic–Congo → Gur → Talni
|
Ghana (Tallensi Traditional Area), Burkina Faso
|
|
Tallensi religion
|
Talysh
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Talysh
|
Azerbaijan, Iran
|
|
Islam → Shia Islam
|
Tama
|
Nilo-Saharan → Taman → Tama
|
Chad, Sudan
|
|
Islam
|
Tamangs
|
Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tamang
|
Nepal, India (Sikkim)
|
Waiba, Lopchan, Thokar, Lama
|
Hinduism, Buddhism
|
Tamils
|
Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil; Austronesian → Malay Creole → Malay Chetty
|
India (Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka (Northern and Eastern Provinces)
|
Indian Tamils (including Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka),<ref group="note" name=TamilsSriLanka>The Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka are distinct subgroups. The former are descended from the Tamil community that has lived in Sri Lanka since at least the 2nd century BCE, while the latter are the descendants of 19th- and 20th-century immigrants from South India. Also, most of the Indian Tamil population lives in the country's central highland region, while the native Tamils typically live in the Northern and Eastern Provinces.</ref> Sri Lankan Tamils (including Negombo Tamils),<ref group=note name=TamilsSriLanka/> Chitty, Giraavaru, Ambattar, along with significant populations in Malaysia, South Africa, the United States, Singapore, Canada, the United Kingdom, and France (including Malbars)
|
Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism
|
Tampuans
|
Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Tampuan
|
Cambodia (Ratanakiri)
|
|
Animism
|
Tanana Athabaskans
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Lower Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tanacross
|
United States (Interior Alaska), Canada (Western Yukon)
|
Lower Tanana, Middle Tanana, Tanacross, Upper Tanana
|
Christianity, Shamanism<ref>Arthur E. Hippler 1974. An Alaskan Athabascan technique for overcoming alcohol abuse</ref>
|
Tao
|
Austronesian → Batanic → Tao
|
Taiwan (Orchid Island)
|
|
Christianity, Anitism
|
Taos
|
Tanoan → Tiwa → Taos
|
United States (Taos Pueblo)
|
|
Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
|
Tapayuna
|
Macro-Jê → Jê → Tapayuna
|
Brazil (Mato Grosso)
|
|
Ethnoreligion
|
Tarahumara
|
Uto-Aztecan → Tarahumaran → Tarahumara
|
Mexico (Chihuahua)
|
|
Animism, Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
|
Tarok
|
Niger–Congo → Plateau → Tarok
|
Nigeria (Plateau State)
|
|
Christianity
|
Tashons
|
Sino–Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Tashon
|
Myanmar (Chin State (Falam Township))
|
Falam
|
Christianity
|
Tausūg
|
Austronesian → Bisayan → Tausug
|
Philippines (Sulu Archipelago)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Tboli
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Tboli
|
Philippines (South Cotabato)
|
|
Anitism
|
Tebers
|
Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish → Teberce
|
Turkey, Syria, Balkans
|
|
Islam → Alevism
|
Tehuelche
|
Chonan → Tehuelche, Araucanian → Mapudungun, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish
|
Argentina (eastern Patagonia)
|
|
Animism, Christianity
|
Teke
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Teke
|
Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
|
Traditional African religions<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|
Telengits
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai → Telengit
|
Russia (Altai Republic)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Shamanism, Burkhanism
|
Teleuts
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai → Teleut
|
Russia (Kemerovo Oblast)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
|
Telugus
|
Dravidian → South-Central Dravidian → Telugu
|
India (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana)
|
Reddy, Velama, Kapu, Raju, Madiga, Mala, Kaikalas, Adi Andhra, Adi Jambava, Vatuka (including Kamma, Balijas (including Kavarais), Gollas), Mumbai Telugus, Sri Lankan Telugus
|
Hinduism, Islam, Christianity
|
Temne
|
Niger–Congo → Mel → Temne
|
Sierra Leone (Northern Sierra Leone)
|
|
Islam
|
Tepehuán
|
Uto-Aztecan → Piman → Tepehuán
|
Mexico (Durango, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Jalisco, Zacatecas, Nayarit)
|
|
Tepehuán Mythology, Shamanism, Animism, Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
|
Terena
|
Arawakan → Terena; Brazilian Sign language; Terena Sign language
|
Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Ternate
|
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Ternate
|
Indonesia (Ternate)
|
Tubo, Tobona, Tabanga, Toboleu, Ibu, Jailolo, Ternate-Portuguese
|
Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism
|
Tewa
|
Tanoan → Tewa
|
United States (New Mexico)
|
|
Christianity, Pueblo religion
|
Thais
|
Kra–Dai → Tai → Central Thai, Southern Thai, Northern Thai
|
Thailand
|
Southern Thai, Khorat, Lanna, with signifiant populations in the United States
|
Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
|
Tharus
|
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Tharu
|
Terai (Nepal, India)
|
Kathariya, Danuwar, Lampucchwa, Kochila, Sonha, Dangaura, Rana
|
Hinduism, Buddhism
|
Tibetans
|
Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tibetic,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tshangla → Pemako Tshangla, Tibetan Sign
|
China (Tibet), Nepal, Bhutan
|
Amdolese (including Golok and Tebbu), Khams, U-Tsang (including Ngari and Walung), Pemakopas, Changpa, Baima, Kachee
|
Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon
|
Ticuna
|
Ticuna–Yuri → Ticuna
|
Brazil (Amazonas)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Tidore
|
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Tidore
|
Indonesia (Tidore)
|
|
Islam
|
Tigrayans
|
Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Tigrinya
|
Eritrea (Eritrean Highlands), Ethiopia (Tigrayia)
|
|
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
|
Tigre
|
Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Tigre
|
Eritrea
|
|
Islam
|
Timok Valley Vlachs
|
Indo-European → Romance → Romanian → Vlach; Slavic → Shtokavian → Serbian
|
Serbia (Timok Valley, Belgrade)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Tiv
|
Niger–Congo → Tiv
|
Nigeria (Benue State)
|
|
Christianity
|
Tiwa
|
Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Tiwa<ref name="Assam" group="note" />
|
India (Assam, Meghalaya)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Tiwi
|
Tiwi
|
Australia (Tiwi Islands)
|
|
Alcheringa
|
Tlapanec
|
Oto-Manguean → Tlapanec
|
Mexico (Guerrero)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Tlicho
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tlicho
|
Canada (Northwest Territories)
|
|
Christianity, Animism
|
Tlingit
|
Na-Dene → Tlingit
|
Canada (British Columbia, Yukon Territory), United States (Alaska, Washington)
|
|
Alaska Native religion
|
Tobati
|
Austronesian → North New Guinea → Tobati
|
Indonesia (Jayapura)
|
|
Christianity, Islam
|
Tobelo
|
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Tobelo
|
Indonesia (North Halmahera)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism, Animism, Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Tobians
|
Austronesian → Micronesian → Tobian
|
Palau (Hatohobei)
|
|
Christianity
|
Tofalars
|
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Tofa
|
Russia (Tofalariya)
|
|
Christianity
|
Tokelauans
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Tokelauan
|
Tokelau
|
|
Christianity → Congregationalism
|
Tonga
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tonga
|
Zambia, Zimbabwe
|
|
Traditional African Religion
|
Tongans
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Tongan
|
Tonga
|
Tongan Hawaiians
|
Christianity
|
Tooro
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tooro
|
Uganda (Tooro Kingdom)
|
Abagweri, Abasingo, Abahinda, Ababiito, Abasumbi, Abayaga, Ababwiju, Abasiita, Abasambo, Ababoopi, Ababwooro, Abagaya, Abalebeki, Abango, Abagimu, Abarungu, Abanyakyoozi, Abasoigi<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|
Christianity, Ruhanga
|
Toraja
|
Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Toraja
|
Indonesia (Tana Toraja)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Torres Strait Islanders
|
Pama-Nyungan → Kalaw Lagaw Ya, Eastern Trans-Fly → Meriam, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Torres Strait Creole
|
Australia (Torres Strait Islands)
|
|
Christianity
|
Totonac
|
Totonac<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo)
|
|
Christianity, Native American religion
|
Toubou
|
Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Tebu<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Toubouland (Chad, Niger, Sudan, Libya)
|
Daza, Teda
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Toucouleur
|
Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Pulaar
|
Senegal (Futa Tooro)
|
|
Islam
|
Trawara
|
Indo-European → Dardic → Mankiyali
|
Pakistan (Danna, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
|
|
citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Tripuri
|
Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Kokborok
|
India (Tripura)
|
Jamatia, Murasing
|
Hinduism
|
Trumai
|
Trumai
|
Brazil (Mato Grosso)
|
|
Animism
|
Tsakhurs
|
Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Tsakhur
|
Russia (Rutulsky District), Azerbaijan (Zagatala and Qakh districts)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Tsez
|
Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Tsez
|
Russia (Tsuntinsky District)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Tsimané
|
Macro-Panoan → Moseten–Chonan → Tsimané
|
Bolivia (Beni)
|
Mosetén
|
Traditional tribal religion<ref name=ethno>"Tsimané." Ethnologue. Retrieved 22 Feb 2012.</ref>
|
Tsimshian
|
Tsimshianic → Maritime Tsimshianic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Canada (British Columbia), United States (Alaska)
|
Kitasoo, Gitga'ata, Kitkatla, Kitsumkalum, Kitselas, Ginadoiks, Ginaxangiik, Gispaxlo'ots, Gitando, Gitlaan, Gits'iis, Gitwilgyoots, Gitzaxłaał, Giluts'aaw
|
Alaskan Native religion
|
Tsonga
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tsonga
|
Mozambique (Maputo City and Maputo Province, Gaza Province), South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Tsuut'ina
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tsuut'ina
|
Canada (Alberta)
|
|
Christianity, Native American religion
|
Tswana
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tswana
|
Botswana, South Africa (South Tswanaland)
|
Balete, Mangwato, Bangwaketse, Bakwena, Batlokwa, Bahurutshe, Bakgatla, Rolong
|
Christianity
|
Tuamotuans
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Tuamotuan
|
France (Tuamotus)
|
|
Christianity
|
Tujia
|
Sino-Tibetan → Tujia<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref group="note">Due to the widespread presence of Chinese, the majority of Tujia only have a passive knowledge of their language.</ref>
|
China (Wuling Mountains)
|
|
Nuo folk religion
|
Tuluvas
|
Tulu
|
India (Karnataka)
|
|
Hinduism
|
Tumbuka
|
Niger-Congo → Bantu → Tumbuka
|
Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe
|
Senga, Henga, Yombe, Phoka, Tonga
|
Christianity, Tumbuka mythology
|
Tunica-Biloxi
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → Romance → French;<ref name=BRAINTUNICA>Template:Cite book</ref> Tunica language; historically Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Biloxi
|
United States (Tunica-Biloxi Indian Reservation)
|
Biloxi, Tunica
|
Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism; Native American religion<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
|
Tupuri
|
Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Tupuri
|
Cameroon (Far North Region), Chad (Mayo-Kebbi)
|
|
Christianity
|
Turkana
|
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Turkana
|
Kenya (Turkanaland)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Turkmens
|
Turkic → Oghuz → Turkmen, South Azerbaijani, Afshar
|
Turkmenistan, Iran (Turkmen Sahra), Afghanistan
|
Teke, Yomut, Bayandur, Afshar, Ersari, Chowdur, Saryk, Bayats, Kayıs, Iranian Turkmens, Afghan Turkmens, with significant populations in Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Turks
|
Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish, Rumelian Turkish; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Balkan Romani → Rumelian Romani; Turkish Sign
|
West Asia, the Caucasus, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe
|
Turkish Turks (includes the Baraks, Manavs, Elbegli, Tahtacı, and other Anatolian Turkoman tribes), Turkish Cypriots (including Mainland Turks), Meskhetian Turks, Iraqi Turkmen, Syrian Turkmen, Lebanese Turkmen, Jordanian Turkmen, Rumelian Turks (including Kosovoan Turks, Dodecanese Turks, Western Thracian Turks, Bulgarian Turks (including in Turkey), Dobrujan Turks, Macedonian Turks, Bosnian Turks, Croatia, Serbian Turks, Montenegrin Turks), Yörüks, Amuca, Turkish Roma, along with significant populations in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Sweden, the United States, Egypt, Qatar, Israel, and Palestine
|
Islam → Sunni Islam, Alevism
|
Tuscarora
|
Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Tuscarora
|
Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, North Carolina)
|
|
Longhouse Religion, Christianity<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Tutchones
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tutchone<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Canada (Yukon Territory)
|
Northern Tutchones, Southern Tutchones
|
Native American religion
|
Tutejszy
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Polish, Indo-European → Slavic → East Slavic,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /> Indo-European → Baltic → Eastern Baltic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
|
Tutsi
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi<ref name="Hutu, Tutsi, Twa" group="note" />
|
Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu)
|
Banyamulenge
|
Christianity, Islam
|
Tuvaluans
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Tuvaluan
|
Tuvalu
|
|
Christianity
|
Tuvans
|
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Steppe Sayan Turkic → Tuvan; Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Tozhu Tuvan, Tere-Khöl Tuvan
|
Russia (Tuva), Mongolia (Khovsgol Province)
|
Tozhu Tuvans
|
Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
|
Udeges
|
Tungusic → Udegheic → Udege
|
Russia (Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Udis
|
Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Udi
|
The Caucasus, Russia, Ukraine
|
|
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy
|
Udmurts
|
Uralic → Permic → Udmurt
|
Russia (Udmurtia)
|
Besermyan
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Ukrainians
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Ukrainian, Surzhyk, Russian; Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Ukrainian Sign
|
Ukraine, Transcarpathia (Slovakia, Poland), Belarus (Beresteishchyna)
|
Cossacks, Litvins, Pinchuks, Afro-Ukrainians, Podolyans, along with significant populations in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, France, Portugal, New Zealand, Australia, Kazakhstan, Germany, Canada, Italy, Argentina, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, Russia (including Kuban and Siberia), Belarus, Slovakia, Moldova, Armenia, Estonia, Finland, Italy, Serbia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Romania
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Christianity → Catholicism → Ukrainian Greek Catholicism
|
Ulchi
|
Tungusic → Southern Tungusic → Ulch
|
Russia (Ulchsky District)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
|
Ulster Protestants
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Scots → Ulster Scots, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Ulster English, BANZSL → British Sign
|
Ulster (United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Umatilla
|
Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Umatilla
|
United States (Oregon)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Upper Kuskokwim
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Kuskokwim
|
United States (Interior Alaska)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
|
Urak Lawoi
|
Austronesian → Malayic → Urak Lawoi
|
Thailand (Phuket)
|
|
Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
|
Urhobos
|
Niger–Congo → Edoid → Urhobo
|
Nigeria (Delta State)
|
|
Christianity
|
Ute
|
Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Colorado River Numic → Ute
|
United States (Colorado, Utah)
|
|
Native American Church, Christianity
|
Uyghurs
|
Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur, Tor Uyghur
|
China (Uyghuristan), Central Asia
|
Kashgartsy, Chantuu, Lops, Tor Uyghurs, with significant populations in Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, the United States
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Uzbeks
|
Turkic → Karluk → Uzbek<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Uzbekistan, Afghanistan
|
Ming, Yuzi, Kyrk, Karategin Uzbeks, Significant populations in Russia, Pakistan, Canada, the United States, and Turkey
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Valencians
|
Indo-European → Romance → Catalan → Valencian; LSCic → Valencian Sign
|
Spain (Valencian Community, Carche)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Van Baoria
|
Indo-European → Rajasthani → Shekhawati
|
India (Rajasthan)
|
Vad Gujar, Param Veldo, Meowoti, Chandia, Gelot
|
Hinduism
|
Vaqueiros de Alzada
|
Indo-European → Romance → Asturleonese
|
Spain (Asturias, Province of Leon)
|
|
Christianity and traditional folk religion → Folk Catholicism → Vaqueiro religion
|
Vedda
|
Indo-European → Sinhala-based creole → Vedda
|
Sri Lanka
|
Coast Veddas, Anuradhapura Veddas, Bintenne Veddas
|
Animism
|
Venda
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tshivenda
|
South Africa (Vendaland)
|
|
Christianity, Traditional African religions
|
Vepsians
|
Uralic → Finnic → Veps
|
Russia (Former Veps National Volost; Vytegorsky, Babayevsky, Podporozhsky, Lodeynopolsky, Tikhvinsky, and Boksitogorsky districts)
|
Ludi
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
|
Viets/Kinh
|
Austroasiatic → Vietic → Vietnamese; Vietnamese sign languages<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Vietnam
|
Muong, Gin, Phen, Chứt, Thổ, Nung, Giay, along with significant populations in the United States, Cambodia, France, Australia, Canada, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Germany, Hong Kong, and Laos
|
Buddhism → Mahayana; Vietnamese folk religion; Caodaism; Hoa Hao
|
Vilamovians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Wymysorys<ref name="Polonization" group="note">Due to policies of polonization implemented after World War II, the majority of Vilamovians can only speak Polish.</ref>
|
Poland (Wilamowice)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Visayans
|
Austronesian → Philippine → Bisayan<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Philippines (Visayas)
|
Aklanon, Butuanon, Cebuano (including Boholano and Eskaya), Caluyanon, Capiznon, Cuyunon, Hiligaynon, Karay-a, Masbatenos, Negrenses, Porohanon, Romblomanon (including Bantoanons), Waray
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Volga Tatars
|
Turkic → Kipchak → Central Tatar, Mishar Tatar<ref name="Volga Tatar dialects" group="note">While they are commonly subsumed into one Volga Tatar language, the central dialects belong to Kipchak-Bulgar while the Mishar dialects may belong to Kipchak-Cuman.</ref>
|
Russia (Volga Federal District)
|
Astrakhan Tatars, Mishar Tatars (including Finnish Tatars), Kasimov Tatars, Kazan Tatars, Kryashens, Nagaybaks, Nukrat Tatars, Perm Tatars, Teptyars
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Votians
|
Uralic → Finnic → Votic
|
Russia (Ingria), Estonia (Ida-Viru), Latvia (Bauska)
|
Kreevins, Poluverniki, Kukkuzi
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
|
Wa
|
Austroasiatic → Palaungic → Wa
|
Myanmar (Wa State)
|
|
Buddhism, Animism
|
Wakhi
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Wakhi
|
Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, China
|
|
Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism
|
Walla Walla
|
Plateau Penutian → Sahaptin → Walla Walla
|
United States (Oregon, Washington)
|
|
Waashat Religion
|
Wallisians
|
Austronesian → Polynesian → Wallisian
|
France (Wallis and Futuna)
|
|
Christianity
|
Walloons
|
Indo-European → Romance → Walloon, Picard, French → Belgian French; Francosign → Belgian Sign → French Belgian Sign
|
Belgium (Wallonia, adjacent regions of Flanders), France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Ardennes), Netherlands (Dutch Limburg), Germany, Luxembourg
|
Significant populations in the United States (including Wisconsin) and the Netherlands
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Wampanoag
|
Algic → Algonquian → Wampanoag
|
United States (Massachusetts)
|
Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)
|
Native American religion, Christianity
|
Warlpiris
|
Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Warlpiri, Indo-European and Pama–Nyungan → Warlpiri and Australian Kriol → Light Warlpiri
|
Australia (Northern Territory)
|
|
Dreamtime
|
Waropen
|
Austronesian → South Halmahera–West New Guinea → Waropen
|
Indonesia (Waropen Regency)
|
|
Christianity
|
Washoe
|
Washo<ref group="note">Due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.</ref>
|
United States (California, Nevada)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Wassamasaw
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English
|
United States (Berkeley County, South Carolina)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Baptism<ref name="open">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Waxiang
|
Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Waxiang Chinese
|
China (Hunan)
|
|
Chinese folk religion
|
Wayuu
|
Arawakan → Wayuunaiki
|
Colombia (La Guajira), Venezuela
|
|
Ethnic religion, Christianity → Catholicism
|
Welayta
|
Afroasiatic → Omotic → Wolaitta
|
Ethiopia (Wolayitia)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay
|
Welsh
|
Indo-European → Celtic → Welsh;<ref name="Celts" group="note" /> Indo-European → Germanic → English → Welsh English; BANZSL → British Sign
|
United Kingdom (Wales)
|
Significant populations in Argentina, the United States, Canada, and Australia
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Wichita
|
Caddoan → Wichita<ref name="American Indians" group="note" />
|
United States (Oklahoma; formerly Kansas, Texas)
|
|
Native American Church, Christianity, Native American religion
|
Wiradjuri
|
Pama-Nyungan → Wiradhuric → Wiradjuri
|
Australia (New South Wales)
|
|
Dreamtime
|
Wolane
|
Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Wolane
|
Ethiopia (Gurage)
|
|
citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Wolof
|
Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Wolof
|
Senegambia (Senegal, The Gambia)
|
Lebu
|
Islam → Sunni Islam → Sufism → Mouride
|
Worrorra
|
Worrorran → Worrrorra
|
Australia (Western Australia)
|
|
Dreamtime
|
Wunambal
|
Worrorran → Wunambal
|
Australia (Western Australia)
|
|
Dreamtime
|
Wuikinuxv
|
Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Oowekyala
|
Canada (British Columbia)
|
|
Native American religion
|
Xavante
|
Macro-Je → Je → Xavante
|
Brazil (Mato Grosso)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Xerente
|
Macro-Je → Je → Xerente
|
Brazil (Tocantins)
|
|
Christianity and traditional folk religion → Folk Catholicism<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|
Xhosa
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Xhosa
|
South Africa (Xhosaland)
|
|
Christianity
|
Xinca
|
Xincan<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Guatemala
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism; Native American religion
|
Xokleng
|
Macro-Je → Je → Xokleng
|
Brazil (Santa Catarina)
|
|
Shamanism<ref name=WiikF>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
Yaghnobis
|
Indo-European → Iranic → Yaghnobi, Tajik
|
Tajikistan (Sughd Region)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Yahgan
|
Yahgan, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish
|
Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile)
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism
|
Yakan
|
Austronesian → Barito → Yakan
|
Philippines (Basilan)
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Yako
|
Niger–Congo → Cross River → Yako
|
Nigeria (Yakurr Local Government)
|
|
Christianity
|
Yakuts
|
Turkic → Siberian → Yakut
|
Russia (Yakutia)
|
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
|
Yali
|
Trans-New Guinea → Yali
|
Indonesia (Baliem Valley)
|
|
Christianity, Animism
|
Yanomami
|
Yanomaman
|
Southeastern Venezuela, and northern Brazil
|
|
Shamanism
|
Yao
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Yao
|
Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania (Ruvuma and Mtwara Regions)
|
|
Islam and Animism → Yao Folk Islam
|
Yapese
|
Austronesian → Oceanic → Yapese
|
Federated States of Micronesia (Yap)
|
|
Christianity
|
Yaqui
|
Uto-Aztecan → Cahitan → Yaqui
|
Mexico (Sonora), United States (Arizona)
|
|
Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
|
Yellowknives
|
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Chipewyan
|
Canada (Northwest Territories)
|
|
Christianity
|
Yenish
|
Indo-European → Germanic → Yenish
|
Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France
|
|
Christianity, Judaism
|
Yerukala
|
Dravidian → South Dravidian I → Yerukala
|
India (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana)
|
|
Hinduism<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|
Yi
|
Sino-Tibetan → Loloish<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi)<ref name="non-contiguous" group="note" />
|
Phu La, Azha
|
Bimoism
|
Yoa-Lokpa
|
Niger–Congo → Gur → Oti–Volta → Yom, Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi → Lukpa
|
Benin (Donga Department)
|
|
Ethnic religion<ref name=enc>Toyin Falola, Daniel Jean-Jacques (2016). Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society, volume 1. Santa Barbara, California; Denver, Colorado: ABC-CLIO. Template:Isbn.</ref>
|
Yolŋu
|
Pama-Nyungan → Yolŋu<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Australia (Miwatj)
|
Dhuwa (Rirratjingu, Galpu, Djambarrpuyngu, Golumala, Marrakulu, Marrangu, Djapu, Datiwuy, Ngaymil, Djarrwark), Yirritja (Gumatj, Gupapuyngu, Wangurri, Ritharrngu, Mangalili, Munyuku, Madarrpa, Warramiri, Dhalwangu, Liyalanmirri)
|
Alcheringa
|
Yoruba
|
Atlantic–Congo → Yoruboid → Yoruba; Yoruba Sign
|
Yorubaland (Nigeria, Benin, Togo)
|
Ijesha, Egba, Yewa, Igbomina, Awori, Akoko, Okun, Ana, Ekiti, Ilaje, Ijebu, Oyo, Ondo, Ife, Nagos, with significant populations in the United States and Canada
|
Islam, Christianity, Yoruba religion
|
Yuchi
|
Yuchi language
|
United States (Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina)<ref name="Trail of Tears" group="note" />
|
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism; Stomp Dance; Native American Church<ref name=ohs>Jackson, Jason Baird. "Yuchi (Euchee)." Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Retrieved 19 January 2019.</ref>
|
Yugambeh
|
Pama-Nyungan → Bandjalangic → Yugambeh
|
Australia (Queensland)
|
|
Alcheringa
|
Yugoslavs
|
Indo-European → Slavic → Serbo-Croatian,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Serbo-Croatian language family" group="note"/> Macedonian, Slovene; Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign, Croatian Sign
|
Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia, North Macedonia, Croatia
|
Significant populations in Serbia, Canada, and the United States
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism; Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Yugurs
|
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Western Yugur; Mongolic → Eastern Yugur
|
China (Gansu)
|
|
Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Tengrism
|
Yukaghir
|
Yukaghir languages<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Russia (Yakutia)
|
|
Shamanism
|
Yup'ik
|
Eskaleut → Eskimo → Yup'ik
|
United States (Alaska)
|
Nunivak Cupʼig, Chevak Cupʼik
|
Christianity, Shamanism
|
Zaghawa
|
Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Zaghawa
|
Chad, Sudan
|
|
Islam → Sunni Islam
|
Zamboanguenos
|
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Chavacano
|
Philippines (Zamboanga City)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Zande<ref group="note">Otherwise known as Azande.</ref><ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
|
Niger–Congo → Zande
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan
|
Barambu
|
Christianity
|
Zapotecs
|
Oto-Manguean → Zapotec<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Mexico (Oaxaca)
|
Ixtlan
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Zhuang
|
Kra–Dai → Tai → Zhuang<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Zhuang languages" group="note">Though many Zhuang languages are not closely related to each other, they are all known to be ethnolects spoken among Zhuangs.</ref>
|
China (Zhuangia)
|
|
Moism
|
Zomi
|
Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Kuki-Chin–Naga,<ref name="Language family" group="note" /><ref name="Chin–Naga" group="note">The Kuki-Chin–Naga language grouping (it is unclear whether the Kuki-Chin–Naga form an actual language family) consists of five to eight branches. Except for Karbi and Meitei, the Kuki-Chin–Naga is divided between the Chin and the Naga. The Mruic and most of the Kuki-Chin speakers are seen as Chin, while speakers of the remaining Kuki-Chin–Naga branches (Ao, Angami–Pochuri, Tangkhulic, and Zeme) and the speakers Northwestern Kuki-Chin are seen as Naga.</ref> Sino-Tibetan → Mruic<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Zogam (Myanmar, Bangladesh, India)
|
Tedim, Thadou, Paite, Zou, Kom, Koireng, Mizo (including Khiangte, Hmar (including Saihriem and Zote), Renthlei, Chawngthu, Miu-Khumi, and Ralte), Aimol, Sukte, Bawm, Lai, Biate, Chin (including Asho, Mro-Khimi, Mru (including Anok, Tshungma, Domrong, Dopteng, and Rumma), Anu, Chho, Cumtu Chin, and Hkongso (including Kasang, Htey, Kamu, Ngan, Gwa, Hteikloeh, Ngai, Rahnam, Kapu, Kasah, Namte, Krawktu, and Namluek)), Kuki (including Vaiphei, Khelma, Halam (including Korbong), Mate, and Simte) Gangte, and Bnei Menashe
|
Christianity
|
Zonians
|
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English
|
Panama (Panama Canal Zone)
|
|
Christianity
|
Zoque
|
Mixe–Zoque → Zoque<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Tabasco)
|
|
Christianity → Catholicism
|
Zoró
|
Tupian → Monde → Gavião of Jiparaná → Zoró
|
Brazil (Mato Grosso)
|
|
Christianity
|
Zulu
|
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Zulu
|
South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
|
Northern Ndebele
|
Christianity
|
Zuni
|
Zuni language
|
United States (New Mexico)
|
|
Christianity
|
ꞋAreꞌare
|
Austronesian → Southeast Solomonic → ꞋAreꞌare
|
Solomon Islands (Malaita)
|
|
Christianity
|
ǃKung
|
Kxʼa → ǃKung<ref name="Language family" group="note" />
|
Namibia (Kalahari Desert)
|
|
Animism
|