Editing Open-mid front unrounded vowel

{{Short description|Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɛ⟩ in IPA}}
{{Infobox IPA
|ipa symbol=ɛ
|ipa number=303
|decimal=603
|x-sampa=E
|kirshenbaum=E
|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x025B.svg
|imagesize=150px
|braille=ar
}}
{{IPA vowels|class=floatright}}
[[File:Spectrogram of open-mid front unrounded vowel (IPA ɛ).png|thumb|Spectrogram of {{IPA|[ɛ]}}]]
[[File:IPA Ɛ Sagittal Section.svg|thumb|[[Sagittal plane|Sagittal section]] of a vocal tract pronouncing the IPA sound {{angbr IPA|[[ɛ]]}}. Note that a wavy [[glottis]] in this diagram indicates a voiced sound.]]

The '''open-mid front unrounded vowel''', or '''low-mid front unrounded vowel''',<ref>{{Vowel terminology}}</ref> is a type of [[vowel]] sound used in some [[Speech communication|spoken]] [[language]]s. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is the [[Latin epsilon]], a Latinized variant of the Greek lowercase [[epsilon]], {{angbr IPA|[[ɛ]]}}.

==Features==
{{open-mid vowel}}
{{front vowel}}
{{unrounded vowel}}

==Occurrence==
{| class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"
! colspan=2| Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Akan language|Akan (Twi)]]
|'''ɛ'''y'''ɛ'''
|{{IPA|[ɛjɛ]}}
|'it is good/fine'
|See [[Akan language#Phonology|Akan phonology]]
|-
|[[Arabic]]
|
|
|
|
|See [[Imāla]]
|-
| [[Armenian language|Armenian]] || [[Eastern Armenian|Eastern]]{{sfnp|Dum-Tragut|2009|p=13}} || {{lang|hy|[[Armenian alphabet|'''է'''ջ]]}}/ēj ||{{IPA|[ɛd͡ʒ]}} || 'page' ||
|-
| [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]] || [[Amstetten dialect]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Traunmüller|1982}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=290}}</ref> || colspan="3" align="center" | {{example needed|date=October 2014}} || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|æ}}.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]{{sfnp|Khan|2010|p=222}} || {{lang|bn|[[Bengali alphabet|'''কে''']]}}/ke ||{{IPA|[kɛ]}}|| 'who' || See [[Bengali phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Breton language|Breton]]<ref>Mikael Madeg, Traité de prononciation du breton du Nord-Ouest à l’usage des bretonnants, Emgleo Breiz, Brest, 2010</ref> || gw'''e'''nn || [ˈɡwɛnː] || 'white' || 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]{{sfnp|Ternes|Vladimirova-Buhtz|1999|p=56}} || {{lang|bg|[[Bulgarian language|п'''е'''т]]}}/pet ||{{IPA|[pɛt̪]}} || 'five' || See [[Bulgarian phonology]]
|-
| colspan=2| [[Catalan language|Catalan]]{{sfnp|Carbonell|Llisterri|1992|p=54}} || {{lang|ca|[[Catalan orthography|s'''e'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈsɛt]}} || 'seven' || See [[Catalan phonology]]
|-
|[[Chinese language|Chinese]]
|[[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]]{{sfnp|Lin|2007|p=65}}
|{{lang|cmn-Hani|[[Chinese characters|天]]}} / {{lang|cmn-Latn|[[Hanyu Pinyin|ti'''ān''']]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Zh-tiān.ogg|[tʰi̯ɛn˥]|help=no}}
|'sky'
|Height varies between mid and open depending on the speaker. See [[Standard Chinese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Chuvash language|Chuvash]]
|[[Chuvash language|ҫ'''е'''пĕç]]
|['ɕɛp̬ɘɕ]
|'gentle, tender'
|
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Czech language|Czech]]{{sfnp|Dankovičová|1999|p=72}}{{sfnp|Šimáčková|Podlipský|Chládková|2012|p=228}} || {{lang|cs|[[Czech orthography|l'''e'''d]]}} || {{IPA|[lɛt]}} || 'ice' || In Bohemian Czech, this vowel varies between open-mid front {{IPA|[ɛ]}}, open-mid near-front {{IPA|[ɛ̠]}} and mid near-front {{IPAblink|ɛ̝|ɛ̝̈}}.{{sfnp|Dankovičová|1999|p=72}} See [[Czech phonology]]
|-
| [[Danish language|Danish]] || Standard{{sfnp|Grønnum|1998|p=100}}{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|p=45}} || {{lang|da|[[Dano-Norwegian alphabet|fr'''i'''sk]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈfʁɛsk]}} || 'fresh' || Most often transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|æ}}. See [[Danish phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Dutch language|Dutch]] || Standard{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|1992|p=47}} || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|b'''e'''d]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Nl-bed.ogg|[bɛt]}} || 'bed' || See [[Dutch phonology]]
|-
| [[The Hague dialect|The Hague]]{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=136}} || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|j'''ij''']]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Gents-jij.ogg|[jɛ̞ː]}} || 'you' || Corresponds to {{IPA|[ɛi]}} in standard Dutch.
|-
| rowspan="12" | [[English language|English]] || [[General American]]{{sfnp|Mannell|Cox|Harrington|2009a}} || rowspan="5" | ''[[English orthography|b'''e'''d]]'' || rowspan="5" | {{Audio-IPA|En-us-bed.ogg|[bɛd]}} || rowspan="5" | 'bed' ||
|-
| [[Northern England English|Northern England]]{{sfnp|Lodge|2009|p=163}} || May be somewhat lowered.{{sfnp|Lodge|2009|p=163}}
|-
| [[Received Pronunciation]]{{sfnp|Schmitt|2007|pp=322–323}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/received-pronunciation/vowel-sounds-rp/|access-date=2013-05-26|title=Received Pronunciation|publisher=British Library}}</ref> || Older RP speakers pronounce a closer vowel {{IPAblink|e̞}}. See [[English phonology]]
|-
|Younger [[General Australian]] speakers
|Realization of /<nowiki/>e/ due to an ongoing short-front vowel chain shift. See [[Australian English phonology]]
|-
| [[Scottish English|Scottish]]{{sfnp|Scobbie|Gordeeva|Matthews|2006|p=7}} ||
|-
| [[Cockney]]{{sfnp|Hughes|Trudgill|1979|p=35}} || rowspan="5" | ''[[English orthography|f'''a'''t]]'' || rowspan="5" | {{IPA|[fɛt]}} || rowspan="5" | 'fat' ||
|-
| [[Singaporean English|Singaporean]]{{sfnp|Bet Hashim|Brown|2000}} ||
|-
| [[New Zealand English|New Zealand]]{{sfnp|Mannell|Cox|Harrington|2009b}} || See [[New Zealand English phonology]]
|-
|[[Broad Australian]]
|Realization of /æ/. General Australian speakers realize this vowel as {{IPAblink|æ}} or {{IPAblink|a}}. See [[Australian English phonology]]
|-
| Some Broad<br/>[[South African English|South African]] speakers{{sfnp|Lanham|1967|p=9}} || Other speakers realize this vowel as {{IPAblink|æ}} or {{IPAblink|a}}. See [[South African English phonology]]
|-
| [[Mid-Ulster English|Belfast]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/x202-18a-ni.pdf|access-date=2013-05-26|title=Week 18 (ii). Northern Ireland}}</ref> || ''[[English orthography|d'''ay'''s]]'' || {{IPA|[dɛːz]}} || 'days' || Pronounced {{IPA|[iə]}} in closed syllables; corresponds to {{IPA|[eɪ]}} in RP.
|-
| [[Zulu English|Zulu]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.ac.za/und/ling/archive/wade_ch4.html |title=Rodrik Wade, MA Thesis, Ch 4: Structural characteristics of Zulu English |access-date=2008-05-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517054614/http://www.und.ac.za/und/ling/archive/wade_ch4.html |archive-date=May 17, 2008 }}</ref> || ''[[English orthography|m'''a'''te]]'' || {{IPA|[mɛt]}} || 'mate' || Speakers exhibit a [[Met–mate merger|met-mate merger]].
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Faroese language|Faroese]]{{sfnp|Árnason|2011|pp=68, 75}} || {{lang|fo|[[Faroese orthography|fr'''e'''kt]]}} || {{IPA|[fɹɛʰkt]}} || 'greedy' || See [[Faroese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[French language|French]]{{sfnp|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}}{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2013|p=225}} || {{lang|fr|[[French orthography|b'''ê'''te]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Fr-bête.ogg|[bɛt̪]}} || 'beast' || See [[French phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Galician language|Galician]] || {{lang|gl|[[Galician phonology|f'''e'''rro]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈfɛro̝]}} ||'iron' ||See [[Galician phonology]] 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Georgian language|Georgian]]{{sfnp|Shosted|Chikovani|2006|pp=261–262}} || {{lang|ka|[[Georgian alphabet|გ'''ე'''დი]]}}/g'''e'''di ||{{IPA|[ɡɛdi]}} || 'swan' ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[German language|German]] || [[Standard German|Standard]]{{sfnp|Hall|2003|pp=82, 107}}{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=34}} || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|B'''e'''tt]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|De-Bett.ogg|[b̥ɛt]}} || 'bed' || Also described as mid {{IPAblink|ɛ̝}}.{{sfnp|Kohler|1999|p=87}} See [[Standard German phonology]]
|-
| Franconian accent<!--NOT 'dialect', the source talks about Standard German spoken with Franconian accent-->{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=40}} || rowspan="2" | {{lang|de|[[German orthography|od'''er''']]}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[ˈoːdɛ]}} || rowspan="2" | 'or' || rowspan="2" | Used instead of {{IPAblink|ɐ}}.{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=40}} See [[Standard German phonology]]
|-
| Coastal Northern accents<!--NOT 'dialects', the source talks about Standard German spoken with Coastal Northern accents-->{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=40}}
|-
| Swabian accent<!--NOT 'dialect', the source talks about Standard German spoken with Swabian accent-->{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=64}} || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|f'''e'''tt]]}} || {{IPA|[fɛt]}} || 'fat' || Contrasts with the close-mid {{IPAblink|e}}.{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=64}} See [[Standard German phonology]]
|-
| Western Swiss accents<!--NOT 'dialects', the source talks about Standard German spoken with Western Swiss accents-->{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=65}} || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|S'''ee''']]}} || {{IPA|[z̥ɛː]}} || 'lake' || Close-mid {{IPAblink|eː}} in other accents; contrasts with the near-open {{IPAblink|æː}}.{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|pp=34, 65}} See [[Standard German phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] || [[Hindi]] || {{lang|hi|[[Devanagari|रहना]]}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[ˈɾɛɦna]}} || rowspan="2" | 'to stay' || rowspan="2" | See [[Hindustani phonology]]
|-
| [[Urdu]] 
|| {{lang|ur|[[Nastaliq|رہنا]]|rtl=yes}}
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
|lesz
|[ˈlɛsː]
|'will be'
|Allophone of [æ].
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Italian language|Italian]]{{sfnp|Rogers|d'Arcangeli|2004|p=119}}|| {{lang|it|[[Italian alphabet|b'''e'''ne]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|It-bene.ogg|[ˈbɛːne]}} || 'good' || See [[Italian phonology]]
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Kaingang language|Kaingang]]{{sfnp|Jolkesky|2009|pp=676–677, 682}} || ''mbr'''e''''' || {{IPA|[ˈᵐbɾɛ]}} || 'with' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Korean language|Korean]] || {{lang|ko-Hang|[[Hangul|매미]]}} / {{lang|ko-Latn|[[Revised Romanization of Korean|m'''ae'''mi]]}} || {{IPA|[mɛːmi]}}|| 'cicada'|| Merged with /e/ for many speakers. See [[Korean phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]
|[[Kurmanji|Kurmanji (Northern)]]
|{{lang|ku|[[Kurdish orthography|h'''e'''vde]]}}
|{{IPA|[hɛvdɛ]}}
| rowspan="3" |'seventeen'
| rowspan="3" |See [[Kurdish phonology]]
|-
|[[Sorani|Sorani (Central)]]
| rowspan="2" |{{lang|ku|[[Kurdish orthography|هه‌ڤده]]}}/h'''e'''vde
|{{IPA|[hɛvdæ]}}
|-
|[[Palewani|Pehlewî (Southern)]]
|{{IPA|[hɛvdæ]}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Limburgish language|Limburgish]]{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=159}}{{sfnp|Peters|2006|p=119}}{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2007|p=221}} || {{lang|li|cr'''è'''me}} || {{IPA|[kʀ̝ɛːm]}} || 'cream' || The example word is from the [[Maastrichtian dialect]].
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] || {{lang|lt|[[Lithuanian orthography|m'''e'''sti]]}} || {{IPA|[mɛs̪t̪ɪ]}} || 'throw' || See [[Lithuanian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]]{{sfnp|Stone|2002|p=600}} || {{lang|dsb|s'''e'''rp}} || {{IPA|[s̪ɛrp]}} || 'sickle' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]]{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=70}} || {{lang|lb|St'''ä'''r}} || {{IPA|[ʃtɛːɐ̯]}} || 'star' || Allophone of {{IPA|/eː/}} before {{IPA|/ʀ/}}.{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=70}} See [[Luxembourgish phonology]]
|-
|[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Friedman|2001|p=10}}</ref><ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Lunt|1952|pp=10–11}}</ref> || Standard || {{lang|mk|[[Macedonian alphabet|м'''е'''д]]}}/m'''e'''d ||{{IPA|[ˈmɛd̪]}} || 'honey' || See [[Macedonian language#Vowels|Macedonian language § Vowels]]
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Malay language|Malay]]
|Standard
|''pal'''i'''ng''
|{{IPA|[pälɛŋ]}}
|'to play'
|Possible realisation of {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/e/}} in closed final syllables. See [[Malay phonology]]
|-
|[[Negeri Sembilan Malay|Negeri Sembilan]]
|''cep'''a'''t''
|{{IPA|[cɔpɛɁ]}}
|'quick'
|See [[Negeri Sembilan Malay]]
|-
|[[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Kelatan-Pattani]]
|''ay'''am'''''
|{{IPA|[äjɛː]}}
|'chicken'
|See [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Kelatan-Pattani]]
|-
|[[Terengganu Malay|Terengganu]]
|''b'''ia'''sa''
|{{IPA|[bɛsə]}}
|'normal'
|See [[Terengganu Malay]]
|-
|[[Perak Malay|Perak]]
|''mat'''a'''''
|{{IPA|[matɛ]}}
|'eye'
|See [[Perak Malay]]
|-
| colspan"2"| [[Norman language|Norman]] || [[Jèrriais|Jersey]] || affaûrd'''er''' || {{IPA|[afɔrˈdɛ]}} || 'to afford' ||
|-
| [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] || [[Sognamål dialect|Sognamål]]{{sfnp|Haugen|2004|p=30}} || {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|p'''e'''st]]}} || {{IPA|[pʰɛst]}} || 'plague' || See [[Norwegian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Occitan language|Occitan]] || {{lang|oc|[[Occitan alphabet|gr'''è'''ga]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈɣɾɛɣɔ]}} || 'Greek' || See [[Occitan phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Polish language|Polish]]{{sfnp|Jassem|2003|p=105}} || {{lang|pl|[[Polish orthography|t'''e'''n]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Pl-ten.ogg|[t̪ɛn̪]}} || 'this one' (nom. m.) || See [[Polish phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || Most dialects{{sfnp|Cruz-Ferreira|1995|p=91}}<ref>[http://www.pucminas.br/imagedb/mestrado_doutorado/publicacoes/PUA_ARQ_ARQUI20121017151454.pdf Variação inter- e intra-dialetal no português brasileiro: um problema para a teoria fonológica – Seung-Hwa LEE & Marco A. de Oliveira] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215091040/http://www.pucminas.br/imagedb/mestrado_doutorado/publicacoes/PUA_ARQ_ARQUI20121017151454.pdf |date=2014-12-15 }}</ref>|| {{lang|pt|[[Portuguese orthography|p'''é''']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈpɛ]}} || 'foot' || Stressed vowel might be lower {{IPAblink|æ}}. The presence and use of other unstressed ⟨e⟩ allophones, such as {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|e̞}} {{IPAplink|e}} {{IPAplink|ɪ}} {{IPAplink|i}} {{IPAplink|ʊ|ɨ}}]}}, varies according to dialect.
|-
| Some speakers<ref>[http://cl.up.pt/arquivo/como/tabela_fenomenos.pdf Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP]</ref> || {{lang|pt|[[Portuguese orthography|t'''em'''po]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈt̪ɛ̃mpu]}} || 'time'|| Timbre differences for nasalized vowels are mainly kept in European Portuguese. See [[Portuguese phonology]]
|-
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]]|| Transylvanian dialects{{sfnp|Pop|1938|p=29}} || {{lang|ro|[[Romanian alphabet|v'''e'''de]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈvɛɟe]}} || '(he) sees' || Corresponds to mid {{IPAblink|e̞}} in standard Romanian. See [[Romanian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Russian language|Russian]]{{sfnp|Jones|Ward|1969|p=41}} || {{lang|ru|[[Russian orthography|'''э'''то]]}}/'''e'''to ||{{Audio-IPA|Ru-это.ogg|[ˈɛt̪ə]}} || 'this' || See [[Russian phonology]]
|-
| colspan=2| [[Shiwiar language|Shiwiar]]{{sfnp|Fast Mowitz|1975|p=2}} || {{example needed|date=July 2015}} || || || Allophone of {{IPA|/a/}}.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Slovene language|Slovene]] || {{lang|sl|[[Slovene orthography|m'''e'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[mɛ́t]}} || 'throw' (n.) || See [[Slovene phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] || [[Andalusian Spanish|Eastern Andalusian]]{{sfnp|Zamora Vicente|1967|p=?}} || rowspan="2" | {{lang|es|[[Spanish alphabet|las madr'''e'''s]]}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[læ̞ː ˈmæ̞ːð̞ɾɛː]}} || rowspan="2" | 'the mothers' || rowspan="2" | Corresponds to {{IPAblink|e̞}} in other dialects, but in these dialects they are distinct. See [[Spanish phonology]]
|-
| [[Murcian Spanish|Murcian]]{{sfnp|Zamora Vicente|1967|p=?}}
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Swahili language|Swahili]]
|shul'''e'''
|[ʃulɛ]
|'school'
|
|-
| [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || Central Standard{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}} || {{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|'''ä'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[ɛ̠ːt̪]}} || 'eat' ([[Imperative mood|imp.]]) || Somewhat retracted.{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}} See [[Swedish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] || {{lang|tl|[[Filipino orthography|p'''e'''k'''e''']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈpɛxɛʔ]}} || 'fake' || See [[Tagalog phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[Telugu language|Telugu]] 
|'''చే'''ప 
|[tʃɛːa]
|'Fish'
|-
|[[Goat|'''మే'''క]] 
|[mɛːka]
|'Goat'
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Thai language|Thai]] || {{lang|th|[[Thai script|'''แ'''ตร]]}} / [[Royal Thai General System of Transcription|''tr'''ae''''']] || {{IPA|[trɛː˧]}}|| 'horn (instrument)'
|
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Turkish language|Turkish]]{{sfnp|Göksel|Kerslake|2005|p=10}}{{sfnp|Zimmer|Orgun|1999|p=155}} || {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|ülk'''e''']]}} || {{IPA|[y̠l̠ˈkɛ]}} || 'country' || Allophone of {{IPA|/e/}} described variously as "word-final"{{sfnp|Göksel|Kerslake|2005|p=10}} and "occurring in final open syllable of a phrase".{{sfnp|Zimmer|Orgun|1999|p=155}} See [[Turkish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]{{sfnp|Danyenko|Vakulenko|1995|p=4}} ||{{lang|uk|[[Ukrainian alphabet|д'''е'''нь]]}}/d'''e'''n' ||{{IPA|[dɛnʲ]}}|| 'day'|| See [[Ukrainian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]]{{sfnp|Stone|2002|p=600}}{{sfnp|Šewc-Schuster|1984|p=20}} || {{lang|hsb|č'''e'''lo}} || {{IPA|[ˈt͡ʃɛlɔ]}} || 'calf' ||
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Welsh language|Welsh]]
|n'''e'''saf
|[nɛsav]
|'next'
|See [[Welsh phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]]{{sfnp|Tiersma|1999|p=10}} || {{lang|fy|b'''e'''ppe}} || {{IPA|[ˈbɛpə]}} || 'grandma' || See [[West Frisian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]{{sfnp|Bamgboṣe|1966|p=166}} || lang="yo"| [[Standard Yoruba|'''''ẹ'''s'''ẹ̀''''']] || {{IPA|[ɛ̄sɛ]}} || 'leg' ||
|}

==See also==
* [[Index of phonetics articles]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{refbegin|30em}}
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{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{phoible|ɛ}}

{{IPA navigation}}

[[Category:Open-mid vowels]]
[[Category:Front vowels]]
[[Category:Unrounded vowels]]