Editing Purgi language

{{Short description|Tibetic language spoken in India and Pakistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Purki
|nativename=Purigi, Purki
|image=پرگی.svg
|states=[[India]], [[Pakistan]]
|region=
|ethnicity=[[Purigpa]]
|speakers={{sigfig|93,500|2}} 
|date=2011 census
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=[[Tibeto-Burman]]
|fam3=[[Tibeto-Kanauri]] (?)
|fam4=[[Bodish languages|Bodish]]
|fam5=[[Tibetic languages|Tibetic]]
|fam6=[[Ladakhi–Balti languages|Ladakhi–Balti]]
|script=[[Perso-Arabic script]]<br>[[Tibetan script]]
|iso3=prx
|glotto=puri1258
|glottorefname=Purik-Sham-Nubra
}}
'''Purgi''', '''Burig''', ''Purki'', ''Purik'', ''Purigi'' or ''Puriki'' ([[Tibetan script]]: {{lang|prx|པུ་རིག་་སྐད།}}, [[Nastaʿlīq script]]: {{lang|prx|{{nq|پُرگِی}}}}) is a [[Tibetic languages|Tibetic language]] closely related to the [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]]-[[Balti language|Balti]] language. Purgi is natively spoken by the [[Purigpa|Purigpa people]] in [[Ladakh]] region of [[India]] and [[Baltistan]] region of [[Pakistan]]. There are about 94,000 native speakers of the language in India.<ref> CENSUS OF INDIA 2011, PAPER 1 OF 2018 LANGUAGE INDIA, STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES, P. 11. </ref>

Most of the [[Purigpa]]s are [[Shia Islam|Shia Muslims]], although a significant number of them follow [[Noorbakshia Islam|Noorbakhshi]] and [[Sunni Islam]], and a small minority of [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] and [[Bon|Bön]] followers reside in areas like Fokar valley, Mulbekh, Wakha. Like the Baltis, they speak an archaic Tibetan dialect closely related to Balti and [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]]. Purigi is more closely related to Balti than Ladakhi, so there are different opinions among linguists in considering Purigi and Balti as different languages or simply different varieties of the same language.<ref>* N. Tournadre (2005) "L'aire linguistique tibétaine et ses divers dialectes." ''Lalies'', 2005, n°25, p.&nbsp;7–56 [http://tournadre.nicolas.free.fr/fichiers/2005-aire.pdf]</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Zemp|first=Marius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZGdjDwAAQBAJ|title=A Grammar of Purik Tibetan|publisher=BRILL|year=2018|isbn=978-90-04-36631-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rangan |first=K. |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Purki_Grammar.html?id=0cK5AAAAIAAJ |title=Purki Grammar |date=1979 |publisher=Central Institute of Indian Languages |language=en}}</ref>

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" |
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br>[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
![[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPAlink|m}}
|{{IPAlink|n}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|ɲ}}
|{{IPAlink|ŋ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
|{{IPAlink|p}}
|{{IPAlink|t}}
|{{IPAlink|ʈ}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|k}}
|{{IPAlink|q}}
|
|-
!<small>[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]</small>
|{{IPAlink|pʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|ʈʰ}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|kʰ}}
|
|
|-
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
|{{IPAlink|b}}
|{{IPAlink|d}}
|{{IPAlink|ɖ}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|ɡ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
|
|{{IPAlink|t͡s}}
|
|{{IPAlink|t͡ʃ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!<small>[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]</small>
|
|{{IPAlink|t͡sʰ}}
|
|{{IPAlink|t͡ʃʰ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
|
|{{IPAlink|d͡z}}
|
|{{IPAlink|d͡ʒ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
|({{IPA link|f}})
|{{IPAlink|s}}
|{{IPAlink|ʂ}}
|{{IPAlink|ʃ}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|χ}}
|{{IPAlink|h}}
|-
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
|
|{{IPAlink|z}}
|
|{{IPAlink|ʒ}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|ʁ}}
|
|-
!<small>[[Lateral fricative|lateral]]</small>
|
|{{IPA link|ɬ}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Trill consonant|Trill]]/[[Tap consonant|Tap]]
|
|{{IPAlink|r}}
|{{IPAlink|ɽ}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Approximant]]
!<small>[[Lateral consonant|lateral]]</small>
|
|{{IPAlink|l}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!<small>[[Central approximant|central]]</small>
|{{IPAlink|w}}
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|j}}
|
|
|
|}

* /pʰ/ may also be realized as a fricative [f].
* /r/ is often fricativized, being heard as [r̝].

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align="center"
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|{{IPAlink|i}}
|
|{{IPAlink|u}}
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPAlink|e}}
|({{IPAlink|ə}})
|{{IPAlink|o}}
|-
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| colspan="2" |{{IPAlink|a}}
|}

* /a/ may often be heard as back [ʌ] or centralized [ʌ̈], and in certain environments as [ɛ].
* Sounds /e, o/ may often be heard as [ɛ, ɔ].
* /e/ can be heard as [ə] when in unstressed syllables.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.asiaharvest.org/pages/profiles/nonChina/India/Purik.pdf Ethnic profile by Asia Harvest]

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Bodic languages}}
{{Languages of Pakistan}}
{{Languages of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Languages of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Languages of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Languages of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Bodish languages]]