Editing Seth

{{short description| Third son of Adam and Eve}}
{{about|the third son of Adam and Eve|the Egyptian deity|Set (deity)|other uses|Seth (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox person
| name               = Seth 
| image              = Spas na Ilyine - Patriarch Seth 2 (cropped).jpg
| alt                = 
| caption            = Detail from fresco by [[Theophanes the Greek]], 1378
| death_date         = 1042 [[Anno Mundi|AM]] (aged 912)<ref>Genesis 5:8</ref>
| death_place        = 
| nationality        = 
| other_names        = 
| birth_date         = 130 [[Anno Mundi|AM]]<ref>Genesis 5:3</ref>
| occupation         = 
| relatives          = ''In Genesis:<br>''[[Abel]] (sibling)<br>[[Cain]] (sibling)<br>[[Enos (biblical figure)|Enos]] (grandson)<br>[[Kenan]] (great-grandson)<br>[[Mahalalel]] (great-great-grandson)<br>[[Jared]] (great-great-great-grandson)<br>[[Enoch]] (great-great-great-great-grandson)<br>[[Methuselah]] (great-great-great-great-great-grandson)<br>[[Lamech (father of Noah)|Lamech]] (great-great-great-great-great-great-grandson)<br>''According to later traditions:''<br>[[Aclima]] (sibling)<br>[[Azura (religious figure)|Azura]] (sibling)
| spouse             = [[Azura (religious figure)|Azura]]
| children           = In [[The Book of Genesis|Genesis]]:<br>[[Enos (biblical figure)|Enos]]<br>In [[The Book of Jubilees]]:<br>[[Noam]] (Jubilees 4:13)
| father             = [[Adam]]
| mother             = [[Eve]]
}}

'''Seth''',{{efn|({{hebrew Name|{{Script/Hebrew|שֵׁת}}|Šēt|Šēṯ}}; {{langx|ar|شِيْث|translit=Šīṯ}}, {{IPA|ar|ˈʃiːθ|IPA}}; {{langx|el|Σήθ}} ''Sḗth''; "placed", "appointed")}} in the [[Abrahamic religions]], was the third son of [[Adam]] and [[Eve]]. The [[Hebrew Bible]] names two of his siblings (although it also states that he had others): his brothers [[Cain]] and [[Abel]]. According to {{bibleverse||Genesis|4:25|HE}}, Seth was born after Abel's murder by Cain, and Eve believed that [[God]] had appointed him as a replacement for Abel.

==Genesis==
According to the [[Book of Genesis]], Seth was born when Adam was 130 years old (according to the [[Masoretic Text]]),<ref name="ch53">{{bibleverse||Genesis|5:3|HE}}</ref> or 230 years old (according to the [[Septuagint]]),<ref>Larsson, Gerhard, [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3261014 "The Chronology of the Pentateuch: A Comparison of the MT and LXX"], ''Journal of Biblical Literature'', vol. 102, no. 3, 1983, p. 402</ref> "a son in his likeness and image".<ref name="ch53" /> The genealogy repeated at {{bibleverse|1|Chronicles|1:1–3|HE}}. {{bibleverse||Genesis|5:4–5|HE}} states that Adam fathered "sons and daughters" before his death, aged 930 years. According to Genesis, Seth died at the age of 912 (that is, 14 years before [[Noah]]'s birth).<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|5:8|HE}}</ref>

==Jewish tradition==
Seth figures in the [[biblical]] texts of the ''[[Life of Adam and Eve]]'' (the ''Apocalypse of Moses''). It recounts the lives of Adam and Eve from after their expulsion from the [[Garden of Eden]] to their deaths. While the surviving versions were composed from the early third to the fifth century,<ref name="Johnson">{{cite book|first=M.D. |last=Johnson |chapter=Life of Adam and Eve, a new translation and introduction |editor1-first=J.H. |editor1-last=Charlesworth |title=the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha |volume= 2 |isbn=0-385-18813-7 |year=1985}}</ref>{{rp|252}} the literary units in the work are considered to be older and predominantly of [[Jew]]ish origin.<ref name="sparks">{{cite book |first=H.F.D. |last=Sparks |title=The Apocryphal Old Testament |isbn=0-19-826177-2 |year=1984 |page=143|publisher=Clarendon Press }}</ref> There is wide agreement that the original was composed in a [[Semitic languages|Semitic language]]<ref name="Johnson"/>{{rp|251}} in the first century AD/CE.<ref name="Johnson"/>{{rp|252}} In the Greek versions, Seth and Eve travel to the doors of the Garden to beg for some oil of the Tree of Mercy (i.e. the [[Tree of life (biblical)|Tree of Life]]). On the way, Seth is attacked and bitten by a wild beast, which goes away when ordered by Seth. [[Michael (archangel)|Michael]] refuses to give them the oil at that time, but promises to give it at the [[Eschatology|end of time]], when all flesh will be raised up, the delights of paradise will be given to the holy people and God will be in their midst. On their return, Adam says to Eve: "What hast thou done? Thou hast brought upon us great wrath which is death." (chapters 5–14) Later, only Seth can witness the taking-up of Adam at his funeral in a divine chariot, which deposits him in the Garden of Eden.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Quinn |first=Esther |title=The Quest of Seth for the Oil of Life |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1962 |isbn=978-0226700878}}</ref>

Genesis refers to Seth as the ancestor of [[Noah]] and hence the father of all mankind, all other humans having perished in the [[Great Flood]]. It is said{{by whom|date=April 2024}} that late in life, Adam gave Seth secret teachings that would become the [[Kabbalah]].{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} The [[Zohar]] refers to Seth as "ancestor of all the generations of the Egyptians or Tsetsaudim" (Hebrew: [[tzaddikim|righteous ones]]).<ref>Zohar 1:36b</ref> According to [[Seder Olam Rabbah]], based on Jewish reckoning, he was born in 2130 BC [[Anno Mundi|AM]]. According to [[Aggadah]], he had 2 sons and many wives. According to the Seder Olam Rabbah, he died in 1042 AM.

==Josephus==
In the ''[[Antiquities of the Jews]]'', [[Josephus]] refers to Seth as virtuous and of excellent character,<ref>Flavius Josephus, [https://www.crcnh.org/downloads/history-reference/josephus/The-Antiquities-of-The-Jews.pdf ''Antiquities of the Jews''], chapter 2, section 3, accessed 2 September 2020</ref> and reports that his descendants invented the wisdom of the heavenly bodies, and built the "pillars of the sons of Seth", two pillars inscribed with many scientific discoveries and inventions, notably in [[astronomy]]. They were built by Seth's descendants based on [[Adam (Bible)|Adam]]'s prediction that the world would be destroyed at one time by fire and another time by [[deluge (mythology)|global flood]], in order to protect the discoveries and be remembered after the destruction. One was composed of brick, and the other of stone, so that if the pillar of brick should be destroyed, the pillar of stone would remain, both reporting the ancient discoveries, and informing humankind that a pillar of brick was also erected. Josephus reports that the pillar of stone remained in the land of Siriad in his day.

[[William Whiston]], a 17/18th-century translator of the ''Antiquities'', stated in a footnote that he believed Josephus mistook Seth for [[Sesostris]], king of [[Egypt]], the erector of the pillar in Siriad (being a contemporary name for the territories in which [[Sirius]] was venerated, i.e. [[Egypt]]). He stated that there was no way for any pillars of Seth to survive the [[flood myth|deluge]], because the deluge buried all such pillars and edifices far underground in the sediment of its waters. The [[perennialist]] writer Nigel Jackson identifies the land of Siriad in Josephus' account with [[Ancient Syria|Syria]], citing related [[Mandaeism|Mandaean]] legends regarding the "Oriental Land of Shyr" in connection with the visionary mytho-geography of the prophetic traditions surrounding Seth.<ref>"On the Prophethood of Seth in the Abrahamic Traditions", ''Sacred Web'' volume 25, Summer 2010</ref>

==Christianity==
The second-century BC [[Book of Jubilees]], regarded as noncanonical except in the [[Oriental Orthodox Churches]], also dates his birth to 130 [[Anno Mundi|AM]].<ref name=Jubilee>''The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament'', R.H. Charles, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913. [http://wesley.nnu.edu/biblical_studies/noncanon/ot/pseudo/jubilee.htm Book of Jubilees] 4:7–13. {{ISBN|978-0-9747623-7-1}}.</ref> According to it, in 231 AM Seth married his sister, [[Azura (religious figure)|Azura]], who was four years younger than he was. In the year 235 AM, Azura gave birth to [[Enos (biblical figure)|Enos]].<ref name=Jubilee />

Seth is commemorated as one of the Holy Forefathers in the [[Calendar of saints (Armenian Apostolic Church)|Calendar of Saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church]], along with Adam, Abel, and others, with a [[feast day]] on July 26. He is also included in the [[Genealogy of Jesus]], according to Luke 3:23–38.<ref name="Luke">{{bibleverse||Luke|3:23–38|NIV}}</ref>

The [[Sethians]] were a Christian [[Gnostic]] sect who may date their existence to before Christianity.<ref>Turner [http://jdt.unl.edu/lithist.html Sethian Gnosticism:] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121211123653/http://jdt.unl.edu/lithist.html |date=2012-12-11 }}</ref> Their thinking, although predominantly [[Judaism|Judaic]] in foundation, was arguably strongly influenced by [[Platonism]]. Sethians were named for their [[veneration]] of Seth, depicted in their [[creation myth]]s as a divine [[incarnation]]; consequently, the offspring or 'posterity' of Seth are held to comprise a superior elect within human society.

== {{anchor|sheeth}} Islam ==
{{Infobox person
| name               = Seth (Sheeth)
| image              = Prophet Seth.jpg
| caption            = Arabic calligraphy, meaning "[[Prophet (Islam)|Prophet]] of [[Allah]], Seth, [['Alayhi al-Salam|peace be upon him]]."
| children           = Anwas (Enos)
| predecessor        = [[Adam in Islam|Adam]]
| successor          = [[Noah in Islam|Noah]]
}}

The [[Quran]] makes no mention of '''Šīṯ ibn [[Adam in Islam|Ādam]]'''. He is respected within Islamic traditions as the third and righteous son of Adam and [[Eve]] and seen as the gift bestowed on Adam after the death of [[Abel]]. The Sunni scholar and historian [[ibn Kathir]] in his ''[[tarikh]]'' (book of history), ''Al-Bidāya wa-n-nihāya'' ({{lang|ar|البداية والنهاية}}),<ref>[http://www.australianislamiclibrary.org/al-bidaya-wan-nahaya.html Australian Islamic Library]</ref> records that Seth, a [[prophet]] like his father Adam, transfers God's Law to mankind after the death of Adam,<ref>''Stories of the Prophets'', [[Ibn Kathir]], ''Story of Adam and Seth''</ref> and places him among the exalted [[antediluvian]] [[patriarch]]s of the [[Generations of Adam]]. Some sources say that Seth was the receiver of [[scriptures]].<ref>''Encyclopedia of Islam'', ''Shith'', Online Web.</ref> These scriptures are said to be the "first scriptures" mentioned in the Quran 87:18. Medieval historian and exegete [[al-Tabari]] and other scholars say that Seth buried Adam and the secret texts in the tomb of Adam, i.e., the "Cave of Treasures".

[[Islamic literature]] holds that Seth was born when Adam was past 100 and that Adam appointed Seth as guide to his people. The 11th-century Syrian historian and translator [[Al-Mubashshir ibn Fātik]] recorded the maxims and aphorisms of the ancient philosophers in his book ''Kitāb mukhtār al-ḥikam wa-maḥāsin al-kalim''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=6216|title=مختار الحكم ومحاسن الكلم – المكتبة الوقفية للكتب المصورة PDF}}</ref> and included a chapter on Seth. Within Islamic tradition Seth holds wisdom of several kinds; knowledge of time, prophecy of the future [[Great Flood]], and inspiration on the methods of night prayer. Islam, Judaism and Christianity trace the genealogy of mankind back to Seth since Abel left no heirs and Cain's heirs, according to tradition, were destroyed by the Great Flood.<ref>Tabari, ''History of the Prophets and Kings'', Vol. I: ''Creation to the Flood''</ref> Many traditional Islamic [[craft]]s<ref>''Sacred Art in the East and West'', [[Titus Burckhardt]], Suhail Academy Publishing, 1967, pg. 151: "Thus it is that the craft traditions, such as persisted in Islamic countries to the very threshold of our times, are generally said to have come down from certain pre-Islamic prophets, particularly from Seth, the third son of Adam."</ref> are traced back to Seth, such as the making of [[horn (anatomy)|horn]] combs.<ref>''Islam and The Destiny of Man'', [[Gai Eaton]], [[Islamic Texts Society]], 1994, pgs. 211–212: (on the traditional making of horn combs) "This craft can be traced back from apprentice to master until one reaches... Seth... It was he who first taught men and what a prophet brings – and Seth was a prophet – must clearly have a special purpose, both outwardly and inwardly".</ref> Seth also plays a role in [[Sufism]], and [[Ibn Arabi]] includes a chapter in his ''Bezels of Wisdom'' on Seth, entitled "The Wisdom of Expiration in the Word of Seth".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.questia.com/read/102546816/the-bezels-of-wisdom|title=The Bezels of Wisdom – 1980, p. 60 by Ibn al-Arabi.|access-date=2017-09-11|archive-date=2017-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708183202/https://www.questia.com/read/102546816/the-bezels-of-wisdom|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Some traditions locate Seth's tomb in the village of [[Al-Nabi Shayth]] ({{abbr|lit.|literally}} "The Prophet Seth") in the mountains above the [[Beqaa Valley]] in Lebanon, where there is a [[mosque]] named after him. This tomb was described by the 12th-century geographer [[Ibn Jubayr]]. A rival tradition, mentioned by later [[medieval Arab geographers]] from the 13th century on, placed the tomb of ''Nabi Shith'' ("Prophet Seth") in the Palestinian village of [[Bashshit]], southwest of [[Ramla]] village. According to the [[Palestine Exploration Fund]], Bashshit means ''Beit Shith'', i.e. "House of Seth".<ref name=PEFp84>[[Palestine Exploration Fund]] (PEF), 1838, [https://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PT91 p. 84].</ref> The village was depopulated with the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, but the three-domed structure said to be Seth's tomb survives in the Israeli [[moshav]] [[Aseret]] built on the site. Another tomb in the city of [[Balkh]], [[Afghanistan]] has been identified as the burial site of Seth [[sheth]]

Local Muslims in [[Ayodhya]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] in India believe a {{convert|12|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} grave in Hazrat Shees Jinnati Mosque to be the [[maqam (shrine)|maqam]] of Hazrat Shees or the Prophet Seth.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muslim Ayodhya: city of mosques, mazars and graves |url=http://twocircles.net/2009feb06/muslim_ayodhya_city_mosques_mazars_and_graves.html |website=Two Circles |author=Mumtaz Alam Falahi |at=Paragraph:5: Grave of Hazrat Shees pbuh|date=6 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719233307/http://twocircles.net/2009feb06/muslim_ayodhya_city_mosques_mazars_and_graves.html |archive-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> This belief is mentioned in a 16th-century [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] document ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=2023-01-25 |title=Ayodhya, a city of paramount belief, steeped in folklore, mythology and faith |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/ayodhya-a-city-of-paramount-belief-steeped-in-folklore-mythology-and-faith/article66429564.ece |access-date=2024-12-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Noorani |first=A.G. |title=The Babri Masjid Question, 1528-2003 'A Matter of National Honour' |publisher=[[Tulika Books]] |isbn=9789382381457 |volume=1 |pages=41}}</ref> and is also mentioned in the work ''India of Aurangzeb'' of [[Jadunath Sarkar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Noorani |first=A.G. |title=The Babri Masjid Question, 1528-2003 'A Matter of National Honour' |publisher=[[Tulika Books]] |isbn=9789382381457 |volume=1 |pages=42}}</ref>

=={{anchor|Shitil}}Mandaeism==
{{main|Shitil}}
According to the [[List of Mandaean texts|Mandaean scriptures]], including the [[Qulasta]], the [[Mandaean Book of John]] and [[Ginza Rba|Genzā Rabbā]], Seth is cognate with the angelic [[Soteriology|soteriological]] figure [[Shitil]]<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=1931956499|title=The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran|date=1932 |author=Drower, E.S. |publisher=Gorgias Press.com}}</ref> ({{langx|myz|ࡔࡉࡕࡉࡋ|translit=Šitil}}), a son of [[Adam Kadmon|Adam Kadmaya]] who taught [[John the Baptist]] with his brothers [[Anush (Mandaeism)|Anush]] ([[Enos (biblical figure)|Enosh]]) and [[Hibil]] ([[Abel]]).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://rogueleaf.com/book-of-john/2012/07/09/76-anush-uthra-and-christ/| title = The Mandaic Book of John| access-date = 2018-07-19| archive-date = 2019-02-02| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190202191935/http://rogueleaf.com/book-of-john/2012/07/09/76-anush-uthra-and-christ/| url-status = dead}}</ref> He is variously spoken of as a son of Adam,<ref name="ginza-alsaadi-l1-1">{{cite book |section=Book One, 1st Glorification: The Return of Shitil, son of Adam to the World of Light |pages=1–9 |title=[[Ginza Rabba]] |volume=Left Volume |translator1-last=Al-Saadi |translator1-first=Qais |translator2-last=Al-Saadi |translator2-first=Hamed |edition=2nd |place=Germany |year=2019 |publisher=Drabsha}}</ref> a brother<ref name="ginza-alsaadi-r5">{{cite book |section=Book Five: The Descent of the Savior |pages=70–83 |title=[[Ginza Rabba]] |volume=Right Volume |translator1-last=Al-Saadi |translator1-first=Qais |translator2-last=Al-Saadi |translator2-first=Hamed |edition=2nd |place=Germany |year=2019 |publisher=Drabsha}}</ref> or son<ref name="ginza-alsaadi-r12">{{cite book |section=Book Twelve: The Second Illumination |pages=130–135 |title=[[Ginza Rabba]] |volume=Right Volume |translator1-last=Al-Saadi |translator1-first=Qais |translator2-last=Al-Saadi |translator2-first=Hamed |edition=2nd |place=Germany |year=2019 |publisher=Drabsha}} [Note: this is book 10 in some other editions.]</ref> of Hibil, and the brother<ref name="ginza-alsaadi-r5"/> or father<ref name="ginza-alsaadi-r12"/> of Anush. Shitil is one of the revealers of Mandaeism and a prophet, identified as the biblical Seth.<ref name=BSN>{{cite web|author=Brikhah S. Nasoraia|title=Sacred Text and Esoteric Praxis in Sabian Mandaean Religion|year=2012|url=http://isamveri.org/pdfdrg/D201813/2012_I/2012_I_NASORAIAB.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201004340/http://isamveri.org/pdfdrg/D201813/2012_I/2012_I_NASORAIAB.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-01 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|45}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Drower|first=E. S. (Ethel Stefana)|url=https://archive.org/details/MN41560ucmf_1|title=The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran [microform]; their cults, customs, magic, legends, and folklore|date=1937|publisher=Oxford : The Clarendon press|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>

==Yazidism==
{{main|Shehid ibn Jerr}}
In [[Yazidism]], Seth is known as [[Shehid ibn Jerr]].<ref name="Kreyenbroek 2005"/>

According to [[Yazidism|Yazidi]] [[Yazidi literature|oral literature]], [[Adam and Eve]] each deposited their seeds into separate jars. While [[Eve]]'s seed developed into insects, [[Adam]]'s seed gave birth to Shehid ibn Jerr, the ancestor of the Yazidis. Yazidis thus believe that they have been created separately and differently from all other human beings (Kreyenbroek 2005: 31).<ref name="Kreyenbroek 2005">{{cite book | last=Kreyenbroek | first=Philip | author-link=Philip G. Kreyenbroek | title=God and Sheikh Adi are perfect: sacred poems and religious narratives from the Yezidi tradition | publisher=Harrassowitz | publication-place=Wiesbaden | year=2005 | isbn=978-3-447-05300-6 | oclc=63127403}}</ref>

==Family tree==
<div class="center">
{{AdamtoNoah}}
</div>

==Shrines==

===Iraq===
On July 26, 2014, forces of the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) blew up Nabi Shiyt (Prophet Seth) shrine in [[Mosul]], Iraq. Sami al-Massoudi, the deputy head of the [[Shiite Endowment Office]] overseeing holy sites, confirmed that destruction. He added, ISIL took some of the artifacts to an unknown location.<ref>{{cite news |title=ISIS destroys Prophet Sheth shrine in Mosul |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/07/26/ISIS-destroy-Prophet-Sheth-shrine-in-Mosul-.html |publisher=[[Al Arabiya News]] |date=26 July 2014}}</ref>

===Lebanon===
[[File:Seth Prophet Shrine in Seth Prophet Town02.JPG|thumb|The purported grave of Seth in a [[Al-Nabi Shayth|village of the same name]] in the [[Levant]]]]

There is a village named after him in [[Lebanon]], that is ''[[Al-Nabi Shayth]]'' or ''Al-Nabi Sheeth'' (meaning "The [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Prophet]] Seth"), which is also considered to contain his shrine.<ref name="LeStrange1890">{{cite book |title=Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500 |url=https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft |author=Le Strange, G. |author-link=Guy Le Strange |publisher=Committee of the [[Palestine Exploration Fund]] |location=[[London]] |year=1890 |page=[https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/422/mode/1up 422] |oclc=1004386 }}</ref><ref name="SmithRobinson1841">{{cite book |last1=Robinson |first1=E. |author1-link=Edward Robinson (scholar) |last2=Smith |first2=E. |author2-link=Eli Smith |year=1841 |url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea : a journal of travels in the year 1838 |location=[[Boston]], the [[United States|U.S.A.]] |publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]] |page=[https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/145/mode/1up 145] |volume=3 (2nd appendix)}}</ref>

===Israel===
[[File:Bashshit.jpg|thumb|The purported grave of Seth in [[Bashshit]], modern-day Israel]]
The tomb of [[Bashshit]] is believed to be the grave of Seth.<ref name=PEFweb>Conder, ''The Moslem Mukans'', 1877, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme09pale#page/n102/mode/1up 93]</ref> The tomb now sits in [[Aseret]].

==See also==
{{portal|Saints|Christianity|Islam|Judaism}}
* [[Set (deity)]] or Seth, an Egyptian deity
* [[Seth (disambiguation)]]
* [[Suteans]]

==Notes==
{{Commons category|Seth (Bible)}}
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* A. F. J. Klijn, ''Seth in Jewish, Christian and Gnostic Literature''. Supplements to Novum Testamentum 46. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1977.

{{Adam to Muhammad}}
{{Adam to David}}
{{Muslim saints}}
{{Adam and Eve}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Seth| ]]
[[Category:Ancestors of the Ishmaelites]]
[[Category:Bereshit (parashah)]]
[[Category:Christian saints from the Old Testament]]
[[Category:Children of Adam and Eve]]
[[Category:Book of Jubilees]]
[[Category:Uthras]]