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Transport in Uganda
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{{Short description|none}} '''Transport in Uganda''' refers to the transportation structure in [[Uganda]]. The country has an extensive network of paved and unpaved roads. [[File:Uganda large map.jpg|thumb|A map of Uganda showing main roads as of 2014]] == Roadways == {{See also|List of roads in Uganda}} [[File:Y Coetsee Getting stuck Southern Uganda (2013).jpg|thumb|Stuck vehicle in Southern Uganda]] As of 2017, according to the [[Ministry of Works and Transport (Uganda)|Uganda Ministry of Works and Transport]], Uganda had about {{convert|130000|km|0}} of roads, with approximately {{convert|5300|km|0}} (4 percent) paved.<ref name="1R">{{cite web |url=http://www.works.go.ug/key-summary-statistics/ |title=Key Summary Statistics |publisher=[[Ministry of Works and Transport (Uganda)|Uganda Ministry of Works and Transport]] |date=2017 | author=Ministry of Works & Transport | location=Kampala | access-date=9 June 2018}}</ref> Most paved roads radiate from [[Kampala]], the country's capital and largest city.<ref name="2R">{{cite web|access-date=8 June 2018 |date=2017 | author=DLCA.LogCluster |title=Map of Uganda Showing Main Road Network | publisher=Dlca.logcluster.org | url=http://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.3+Uganda+Road+Network;jsessionid=33424C63E9836C9F20970F98F58B9A0F}}</ref> ===International highways=== [[File:A Bridge in Uganda for road transport.jpg|thumb|left|Northern bypass in [[Kampala]]]] The [[Lagos-Mombasa Highway]], part of the [[Trans-African Highway network|Trans-Africa Highway]] and aiming to link [[East Africa]] and [[West Africa]], passes through Uganda. This is complete only eastwards from the [[Uganda]]β[[DR Congo]] border to [[Mombasa]], linking the [[African Great Lakes]] region to the sea. In [[East Africa]], this roadway is part of the [[Northern Corridor]].<ref name="3R">{{cite web|access-date=9 June 2018 | url=http://www.ttcanc.org/page.php?id=11 |title=About the Northern Transportation Corridor | date=2018 |author=NCTTCA | publisher=[[Northern Corridor|Northern Corridor Transit and Transportation Coordination Authority]] (NCTTCA) | location=Mombasa}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{cite web| url=http://www.swrw.org/images/stories/pdf/Kenya-and-Uganda-Map-NC-Route_29-Feb-2012.pdf |title=Maps of Kenya and Uganda Showing the Northern Corridor Route |author=Safe Way Right Way | publisher=Safe Way Right Way Organization |date=29 February 2012 |access-date=10 June 2018 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> It cannot be used to reach West Africa because the route westwards across DR Congo to [[Bangui]] in the [[Central African Republic]] (CAR) is impassable after the [[Second Congo War]] and requires reconstruction. An alternative route (not part of the Trans-African network) to Bangui based on gravel roads and earth roads runs from [[Gulu]] in northern Uganda via [[Nimule]] and [[Juba, South Sudan]] and [[Obo]] in south-east CAR. This is used by trucks but sections are impassable after rain.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} The route has been closed at times during war and conflict in northern Uganda (the [[Lord's Resistance Army]] rebellion) and [[South Sudan]], but up to July 2007 had not been affected by the [[Darfur conflict]] and was the only usable road between East and West Africa. The security situation should be checked with authorities in northern Uganda, [[South Sudan]] and south-eastern CAR before use.<ref name="5R">{{cite web|date=14 October 2011 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/15/world/africa/barack-obama-sending-100-armed-advisers-to-africa-to-help-fight-lords-resistance-army.html |title=Armed U.S. Advisers to Help Fight African Renegade Group |access-date=9 June 2018 |location=New York City |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |last=Rick Gladstone |first=Thom Shanker}}</ref> == Railways == {{Main|Uganda Railways Corporation}} {{See also|Railway stations in Uganda}} As of 2017, Uganda's railway network measures about {{convert|1250|km|0}} in length. Of this, about 56% ({{convert|700|km|0}}), is operational. All existing railway is metre gauge. A new standard gauge rail network is planned. [[File:Uganda railroad2006.jpg|thumb|Uganda Railway ]] A railroad originating at [[Mombasa]] on the [[Indian Ocean]] connects with [[Tororo]], where it branches westward to [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]], Kampala, and [[Kasese]] and northward to [[Mbale]], [[Soroti]], Lira, [[Gulu]], and [[Pakwach]]. The only railway line still operating, however, is the [[Malaba, Uganda|Malaba]]β[[Kampala]] line.<ref name="1R" /> ===Railway links with neighboring countries=== * {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Transport in Kenya|Kenya]]: Yes; same gauge {{RailGauge|1000mm}} * {{flagicon|South Sudan}} [[Transport in South Sudan|South Sudan]]: Proposed; [[break of gauge]] {{RailGauge|1000mm}}/{{RailGauge|1067mm}} * {{flagicon|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} [[Transport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]: No; [[break of gauge]] {{RailGauge|1000mm}}/{{RailGauge|1067mm}} * {{flagicon|Rwanda}} [[Transport in Rwanda|Rwanda]]: No; Does not yet have railways * {{flagicon|Tanzania}} [[Transport in Tanzania|Tanzania]]: No direct connection except via [[train ferry]]; same gauge {{RailGauge|1000mm}} === Couplings and brakes === * [[Railway coupling|Couplings]] : [[Railway coupling#Norwegian|Meatchopper (Norwegian)]] * [[Railway brake|Brakes]] : [[Railway airbrake|Air]]<ref name="6R">{{cite web|title=Metre-Gauge Beyer-Garratt 4-8-4 + 4-8-4 for the Kenya & Uganda Railways |access-date=9 June 2018 | url=http://www.garrattmaker.com/history.html |date=21 July 1939 | publisher=Garrattmaker.com Quoting The Railway Gazette | author=The Railway Gazette}}</ref> * Standards <ref name=SGR>{{cite web|title=Specifications & Standards|access-date=22 June 2020| url=https://www.sgr.go.ug/specifications}}</ref> ===Plans=== ====Standard Gauge Railway==== {{main|Uganda Standard Gauge Railway}} The six countries of the [[East African Community]] are in the process of constructing railway lines with {{Track gauge|1435mm}} [[Standard-gauge railway|standard gauge]] tracks. Kenya had, by June 2018, completed the construction of the [[Mombasa]]β[[Nairobi]] section of its Standard Gauge Railway (SGR), which cost US$4.47 billion (original budget was US$3.2 billion), borrowed from the [[Exim Bank of China]].<ref name="7R">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-40171095 |title=Will Kenya get value for money from its new railway? |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC Africa]] |first=Nancy |last=Kacungira |location=Nairobi| date=8 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="8R">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.newsweek.com/kenya-railway-china-madaraka-express-618357 |title=Kenya Just Opened A $4 Billion Chinese-Built Railway, Its Largest Infrastructure Project In 50 Years |date=31 May 2017 |access-date=10 June 2018 |first=Conor |last=Gaffey |magazine=[[Newsweek]] |location=New York City}}</ref> The country now plans to extend he SGR line to [[Nakuru]], [[Kisumu]] and [[Malaba, Kenya|Malaba]], when funds become available.<ref name="9R">{{cite web|access-date=10 June 2018 | url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/news/Proposed-link-to-Nakuru-could-push-up-costs-of-SGR/539546-2986224-is89f4/index.html |title=Proposed link to Nakuru could push up costs of SGR |date=6 December 2015 |newspaper=[[Business Daily Africa]] |first=Lynet |last=Igadwah |location=Nairobi}}</ref> [[File:Mombasa - Nairobi metre gauge railway outside Voi.jpg|thumb|Mombasa-Nairobi metre gauge Railway outside]] Uganda plans to construct a total of four SGR lines, totaling {{convert|1547|km|0}}, at an estimated cost of US$12.6 billion.<ref name="10R">{{cite web|access-date=10 June 2018 | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Minister--Shs45-6-trillion--railway--project-cost-Kenya/688334-3880840-fwx8nl/index.html |date=7 April 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |first=Nelson |last=Wesonga |location=Kampala |title=Minister defends Shs45.6 trillion Standard Gauge Railway project cost}}</ref><ref name="11R">{{cite web|access-date=10 June 2018 | url=https://qz.com/1036970/ugandas-chinese-built-sgr-railway-will-cost-more-than-kenyas/|title=Uganda's Chinese-built high speed railway will cost even more than Kenya's did |last=Kuo |date=24 July 2017 |first=Lily |publisher=Quartz Africa}}</ref> Uganda's SGR is planned to link it to four neighboring countries, including [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda]], [[DR Congo]] and [[South Sudan]].<ref name="12R">{{cite web|access-date=10 June 2018 | url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2015/04/us3-2bn-standard-gauge-railway-line-to-connect-uganda-and-s-sudan/ | date=10 September 2015 |publisher=Construction Review Online | title=US$3.2bn Standard Gauge Railway line to connect Uganda and South Sudan |author=Bonface |location=Nairobi}}</ref> ====The Rift Valley Consortium==== {{main|Rift Valley Railways Consortium}} Between 2006 and 2017, a company known as [[Rift Valley Railways Consortium|Rift Valley Railways]] (RVRC) managed the [[Kenya Railways Corporation]]'s and the [[Uganda Railways Corporation]]'s {{cvt|1000|mm|ftin|frac=8}} [[metre gauge]] railway systems, under a 25-year concession.<ref name="13R">{{cite web|access-date=10 June 2018 |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200607280144.html | title=East Africa: Kenya And Uganda Railways Takeover Date Postponed |date=28 July 2006 |newspaper=[[The Standard (Kenya)]] via [[AllAfrica.com]] |first=Kimathi |last=Njoka | location=Nairobi}}</ref><ref name="14R">{{cite web|date=28 July 2006 |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200607280341.html | title=Kenya: Railway Takeover Pushed to November |access-date=10 June 2018 | newspaper=[[Daily Nation]] via [[AllAfrica.com]] | first=Zeddy |last=Sambu |location=Nairobi}}</ref> [[File:RVR 9409 Nairobi.jpg|thumb|Rift Valley Railway Nairobi]] In August 2017, the [[government of Kenya]] terminated the RVRC concession, citing failure by RVRC to perform as stipulated in the concession agreement.<ref name="15R">{{cite web| access-date=10 June 2018 |date=1 August 2017 |location=Nairobi |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Kenya-ends-Rift-Valley-Railways-contract/2560-4040424-lofuc0z/index.html | title=Kenya ends Rift Valley Railways contract |first=Njiraini |last=Muchira |newspaper=[[The EastAfrican]]}}</ref> In October 2017, Uganda followed suit,<ref name="16R">{{cite web| title=Government cancels Rift Valley Railways deal | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Government-cancels-Rift-Valley-Railways-deal/688334-4129752-144xd01/index.html | access-date=10 June 2018 |date=8 October 2017 |last=Frederic Musisi |first=and Thembo Kahungu | newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] | location=Kampala}}</ref> but RVRC ran to court to stop the termination.<ref name="17R">{{cite web| url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Markets/Uganda--Kenya-failed-railway-deal---RVR-chief/688606-4140902-15aa6p0/index.html |title=Uganda, Kenya failed railway deal - RVR Chief | access-date=10 June 2018 |date=12 February 2018 | newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |first=Fredric |last=Musisi | location=Kampala}}</ref><ref name="18R">{{cite web| date=12 February 2018 |access-date=10 June 2018 | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Govt-RVR-fresh-legal-battle-railway-deal/688322-4300740-poougjz/index.html | title=Government, RVR in fresh legal battle over railway deal | newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |first=Fredric |last=Musisi | location=Kampala}}</ref> In February 2018, Uganda Railways Corporation finally took possession of the concession assets and resumed operating the metre-gauge railway system in Uganda.<ref name="19R">{{cite web|access-date=10 June 2018 | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Passenger-train-services-resume-Monday/688334-4316028-5l40lxz/index.html |title=Passenger train services to resume on Monday | first=Amos |last=Ngwomwoya |date=23 February 2018 | newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |location=Kampala}}</ref><ref name="20R">{{cite web|access-date=10 June 2018 |location=Kampala |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/57044-ugandans-welcome-revamped-passenger-train-services.html |title=Kampalans welcome revamped passenger train services |date=27 February 2018 | first=and Mercy Ahukana |last=Alfred Ochwo |newspaper=[[The Observer (Uganda)]]}}</ref> == Waterways == [[Lake Victoria]] is the principal waterway with commercial traffic. In conjunction with train services, the railway companies of Uganda and Tanzania operate [[train ferry|train ferries]] on the lake between railhead ports of the two countries and Kenya. These ferries load [[Passenger car (rail)|rail coaches]] and [[Goods wagon|wagons]]. [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]] and [[Port Bell]], on a {{convert|7|km|0}} branch line from Kampala, are the [[railhead]]s for Uganda, connecting to [[Mwanza]], [[Tanzania]] and [[Kisumu]], Kenya.<ref name="21R">{{cite web| url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1233573/govt-repair-grounded-ships |title=Uganda: Government to Repair Grounded Ships |access-date=10 June 2018 |date=29 October 2009 | newspaper=[[New Vision]] |first=Samuel | last=Balagadde | location=Kampala}}</ref><ref name="22R">{{cite web|date=10 September 2008 |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ppda-finally-allows-repair-mv-pamba/ |title=PPDA finally allows repair of MV Pamba | last=Kagenda |newspaper=[[The Independent (Uganda)]] | first=Patrick |location=Kampala |access-date=10 June 2018}}</ref> The Port Bell ferry wharf is visible on high-resolution Google Earth photos at latitude 0.2885Β° longitude 32.653Β°.<ref name="23R">{{google maps|title=Location of Port Bell Wharf Pier | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B017'19.0%22N+32%C2%B039'12.8%22E/@0.288604,32.6513577,451m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m14!1m7!3m6!1s0x177dbef39eacb315:0xbafaca80609e6e55!2sPort+Bell,+Kampala,+Uganda!3b1!8m2!3d0.2977615!4d32.6531763!3m5!1s0x0:0x0!7e2!8m2!3d0.2886041!4d32.6535406 |access-date=10 June 2018}}</ref> Other [[Ferry|ferries]] serve non-railhead ports on the lake.<ref name="24R">{{cite web|url=https://atcnews.org/2014/04/12/new-ferry-starts-services-from-entebbe-to-kalangala-ssese-islands/ | title=New ferry starts services from Entebbe to Kalangala/Ssese Islands |access-date=10 June 2018 |date=12 April 2014 | publisher=Aviation, Travel and Conservation News |author=Atcnews Staff |location=Kampala}}</ref> There are [[dry dock]] facilities at Port Bell ([[Luzira]]), which were under renewed use as of June 2018.<ref name="25R">{{cite web|date=24 February 2018 | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Govt-pressured--revamp--ship-servicing-Luzira/688334-4318306-nddseb/index.html | title=Government pressured to revamp ship servicing in Luzira | access-date=10 June 2018 |first=Henry |last=Lubulwa | newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |location=Kampala}}</ref><ref name="26R">{{cite web|title=Government Clears Operations at Dry Dock |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/governments-clears-operations-at-dry-dock |access-date=10 June 2018 |date=20 February 2018 |publisher=[[Uganda Radio Network]] |first=Ezekiel |last=Ssekweyama |location=Kampala}}</ref><ref name="27R">{{cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/MV-Kalangala-suspends-operations-23-days-under-servicing/688334-4368326-13meihd/index.html |title=MV Kalangala suspends operations for 23 days to undergo servicing |access-date=10 June 2018 |date=2 April 2018 |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |author=Al-Mahdi Ssenkabibrwa | location=Kampala}}</ref> A new [[inland port]], [[Bukasa Inland Port]] is under development on the northern shores of [[Lake Victoria]], at Bukasa, in [[Wakiso District]], about {{convert|20|km|0}}, by road, south-east of the central business district of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda.<ref name="28R">{{cite web| url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Post%20Office%20Building%2C%20Kampala%20Road%2C%20Kampala%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Kirombe%2C%20Kampala%2C%20Uganda&dt1=ChIJXyfX9IC8fRcRorrkbY-nufI&dt2=ChIJT5sOldO-fRcR7KAdrFoyH_Q | title=Distance between Post Office Building, Kampala Road, Kampala, Uganda and Kirombe, Kampala, Uganda |date=10 June 2018 | access-date=10 June 2018 |publisher=Globefeed.com | author=Globefeed.com}}</ref> When completed the inland port is designed to handle up to 5.2 million tonnes of freight annually.<ref name="29R">{{cite web | access-date=10 June 2018 | url=http://256businessnews.com/bukasa-inland-port-secures-funding | title= Bukasa Inland Port secures funding | date= 25 April 2016 | publisher=256 Business News (256BN)| author=256BN}}</ref> The port will facilitate movement of goods from the [[Tanzania]]n ports of [[Dar es Salaam]] and [[Tanga, Tanzania|Tanga]], via rail to the port of [[Mwanza]] on Lake Victoria. Barges would then bring the cargo over the lake to Bukasa. This would reduce Uganda's near-total dependence on the port of [[Mombasa, Kenya]].<ref name="30R">{{cite web|access-date=10 June 2018 | url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-uganda-port-idUKBRE91B0NY20130212 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817130717/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-uganda-port-idUKBRE91B0NY20130212 | url-status=dead | archive-date=August 17, 2016 | title= Uganda to build inland port to reduce reliance on Kenya | date=12 February 2013 | first=Elias | last=Biryabarema | publisher=[[Reuters.com]]}}</ref> [[File:PORT BELL PIER.jpg|thumb|Port Bell Pier]] [[Lake Kyoga]] and the [[Victoria Nile]] south of the lake constitute the second most important commercial waterway. There used to be a steamboat service between [[Namasagali]], a railhead port on the Nile, going as far as Masindi-Port on the other side of Lake Kyoga.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} Other waterways such as [[Lake Albert (Africa)|Lake Albert]], [[Lake George (Uganda)|Lake George]], [[Lake Edward]], and the [[Albert Nile]] do not carry commercial traffic to any great extent. ==Airports== {{main|List of airports in Uganda}} {{See also|Entebbe International Airport|Kabaale International Airport|Soroti Airport}} [[Entebbe International Airport]] is Uganda's largest and busiest airport, servicing in excess of 1.5 million arrivals annually, as of 2015.<ref name="31R">{{cite news|access-date=10 June 2018 | url=http://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=593993643&Country=Tanzania&topic=Economy&subtopic=Forecast&subsubtopic=Economic+growth&u=1&pid=1421747526&oid=1421747526|title=Rise in foreign visitors to Uganda |date=2 March 2016 | newspaper=[[The Economist|Economist Intelligence Unit]] | author=Economist Intelligence Unit |location=London}}</ref> In February 2015, the Government of Uganda began a three-phase expansion and upgrade of Entebbe Airport planned to last from 2015 until 2035.<ref name="32R">{{cite web|access-date=10 June 2016 |publisher=Sunrise.ug |date=23 June 2015 |location=Kampala |url=http://www.sunrise.ug/business/corporate/201506/nrm-manifesto-roots-for-aviation-infrastructure-expansion.html | title=NRM manifesto roots for aviation infrastructure expansion |first=Hadijah |last=Nakitendde}}</ref><ref name="33R">{{cite web |url=http://www.airport-technology.com/projects/entebbe-international-airport-expansion/ |title=Entebbe International Airport Expansion |access-date=10 June 2018 |date=May 2016 | publisher=Airport-technology.com |author=Airport-technology.com}}</ref><ref name="34R">{{cite web |location=Kampala | url=http://www.observer.ug/business/38-business/39585-upgraded-entebbe-to-handle-3m-passengers |title=Upgraded Entebbe to handle 3 million passengers |first=Moses |last=Mugalu |access-date=10 June 2018 |date=31 August 2015 |newspaper=[[The Observer (Uganda)]]}}</ref> In January 2018, '''SBC Uganda Limited''', a joint venture company between [[Colas Ltd|Colas Limited]] of the United Kingdom and SBI International Holdings of Uganda, started construction of [[Kabaale International Airport]] in [[Hoima District]].<ref name="35R">{{cite web|access-date=10 June 2018 | url=http://www.theugandatoday.com/all-uganda-today-posts/2018/03/hoima-airport-contractor-sbc-uganda-urged-to-hire-local-residents/ |title=Hoima Airport contractor SBC Uganda urged to hire local residents |date=2 March 2018 |location=Kampala | publisher=Theugandatoday.com |author=The Uganda Today}}</ref><ref name="36R">{{cite web|title=Hoima International Airport to Employ Locals |access-date=10 June 2018 |location=Kampala | url=http://www.sbi.co.ug/images/hoima_international_airport_to_employ_locals.pdf | publisher=SBI Uganda Limited Quoting [[New Vision]] |first=John |last=Odyek |date=30 January 2018}}</ref> The first phase of construction, including the runway and cargo-handling facilities, is expected to be ready in 2020. This phase is primarily to support construction of the [[Uganda Oil Refinery]].<ref name="37R">{{cite web|location=Johannesburg | url=http://www.ftwonline.co.za/article/129383/Second-international-airport-on-the-way-for-Uganda |title=Second international airport on the way for Uganda |date=11 December 2017 |access-date=10 June 2018 |first=Erin |last=Steenhoff-Snethlage |publisher=Ftwonline.co.za}}</ref><ref name="38R">{{cite web|title=Hoima airport to be complete by 2020 | url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1471024/hoima-airport-complete-2020 |access-date=10 June 2018 |location=Kampala |newspaper=[[New Vision]] |date=12 February 2018 |last=Odyek | first=John}}</ref> The second phase of construction, focused on the facilitation of passengers and boosting tourism and business, is expected to conclude in 2022.<ref name="37R"/><ref name="38R"/> [[File:Entebbe Airport.JPG|thumb|Entebbe Airport ]] [[File:Boeing 707-351C, Uganda Airlines JP7687412.jpg|thumb|Uganda Airlines (1977 - 2001)]] As of June 2018, according to the [[CIA Factbook]], Uganda had 47 airports, five of which had paved runways, namely [[Entebbe Airport]], [[Gulu Airport]], [[Soroti Airport]], [[Nakasongola Airport]] and [[Jinja Airport]]. ==See also== * [[Economy of Uganda]] * [[East African Railway Master Plan]] * [[Lake Victoria ferries]] == References == {{reflist}} == Further reading == * {{Cite book|title=The Routes of Man: How Roads Are Changing the World and the Way We Live Today|first=Ted|last=Conover|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York|date=2010|pages=118β163|chapter=The Road Is Very Unfair|isbn=978-1-4000-4244-9}} {{CIA World Factbook}} {{Uganda topics}} {{Africa topic|Transport in}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Uganda}} <!--Categories--> [[Category:Transport in Uganda| ]]
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