Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Primary sources Template:Infobox organization
The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. Notable projects include its collaboration with the WTO on trade facilitation and the implementation of the SAFE Framework of Standards to secure global supply chains. The WCO works on customs-related matters including the development of international conventions, instruments, and tools on topics such as commodity classification, valuation, rules of origin, collection of customs revenue, supply chain security, international trade facilitation, customs enforcement activities, combating counterfeiting in support of intellectual property rights (IPR), illegal drug enforcement, combating counterfeiting of medicinal drugs,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> illegal weapons trading, integrity promotion, and delivering sustainable capacity building to assist with customs reforms and modernization. The WCO maintains the international Harmonized System (HS) goods nomenclature, and administers the technical aspects of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements on Customs Valuation and Rules of Origin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The WCO oversees the implementation of new technologies, artificial intelligence, to improve the efficiency of customs operations. Furthermore, the WCO is involved in addressing emerging issues, such as the digitalization of customs systems.<ref name=":02">Template:Cite book</ref>
HistoryEdit
On 23 August 1947 the Committee for European Economic Cooperation created a European Customs Union Study Group (ECUSG) to examine economic and technical issues of inter-European Customs Union concerning the rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). In total, six ECUSG meetings were held in four years from November 1947 to June 1950.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> This work of ECUSG led to the adoption in 1950 of the Convention establishing the Customs Co-operation Council (CCC), which was signed in Brussels. On 26 January 1953<ref name=oma/> the CCC's inaugural session took place with the participation of 17 founding members. CCC membership subsequently expanded to cover all regions of the globe. In 1994, the organization adopted its current name, the World Customs Organization. Today, WCO members are responsible for customs controls in 186 countries representing more than 98 percent of all international trade.<ref name=oma>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
One of the major turning points in the WCO’s history was its expansion beyond Europe, which allowed it to become a truly global organization. This expansion was fueled by the recognition of the need for standardized customs procedures across different regions of the world, particularly in the post-colonial period when many new nations were emerging. The WCO played a crucial role in helping these nations establish efficient customs administrations.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite journal</ref> In the 21st century, the WCO has emphasized digitalization and the harmonization of customs systems to address the challenges of global e-commerce and cross-border trade.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Vision and objectivesEdit
The WCO is internationally acknowledged as the global center of customs expertise and plays a leading role in the discussion, development, promotion and implementation of modern customs systems and procedures. The WCO has supported the modernization of customs procedures in over 180 countries through initiatives like the Revised Kyoto Convention and the Harmonized System.<ref name=":02"/> It is responsive to the needs of its members and its strategic environment, and its instruments and best-practice approaches are recognized as the basis for sound customs administration throughout the world.
The WCO's primary objective is to enhance the efficiency effectiveness other members customs administrations, thereby assisting them to contribute successfully to national development goals, particularly revenue collection, national security, trade facilitation, community protection, and collection of trade statistics.
InstrumentsEdit
In order to achieve its objectives, the WCO has adopted a number of customs instruments, including but not limited to the following: Template:Ordered list
Online toolsEdit
The World Customs Organization (WCO) released a new online platform, WCO Trade Tools,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> that encompasses the Harmonized System, preferential Rules of Origin and Valuation. It includes the 2002, 2007, 2012, 2017 and 2022 editions of the HS, around 400 Free Trade Agreements with their preferential Rules of Origin/ and Product Specific rules, and the set list of Valuation texts, including those of the Technical Committee on Customs Valuation.
AdministrationEdit
The WCO Secretariat is headed by a Secretary General, who is elected by the WCO membership to a five-year term. Ian Saunders from the United States was elected WCO Secretary General in June 2023 and took office on 1 January 2024. The WCO is governed by the council, which brings together all members of the organization once a year, in a meeting chaired by an elected chairperson. Additional strategic and management guidance is provided by the Policy and Finance committees. There are several other WCO committees, including the Harmonized System Committee, the Permanent Technical Committee, the Technical Committee on Customs Valuation, Technical Committee on Rules of Origin, the Capacity Building Committee, and the SAFE Working Group.
Under the leadership of recent Secretaries General, the WCO has increasingly embraced digital transformation in customs practices, focusing on the adoption of technology to streamline border processes. These initiatives, such as the implementation of artificial intelligence in customs operations, have placed the WCO at the forefront of modern customs administration, ensuring that its members are well-equipped to face the challenges of an increasingly interconnected global economy.<ref name=":02"/>
MembersEdit
| Region | Member | Date Of Membership |
|---|---|---|
| South America, North America,
Central America and the Caribbean |
Antigua and Barbuda | 10/04/2017 |
| Argentina | 01/07/1968 | |
| Bahamas | 16/08/1974 | |
| Barbados | 07/01/1999 | |
| Belize | 22/04/2008 | |
| Bermuda | 01/07/1990 | |
| Bolivia | 14/08/1997 | |
| Brazil | 19/01/1981 | |
| Canada | 12/10/1971 | |
| Chile | 01/07/1966 | |
| Colombia | 11/07/1993 | |
| Costa Rica | 29/08/2001 | |
| Cuba | 01/07/1988 | |
| Curaçao | 11/07/1988 | |
| Dominican Republic | 28/07/2004 | |
| Ecuador | 16/12/1997 | |
| El Salvador | 07/07/2005 | |
| Guatemala | 22/02/1985 | |
| Guyana | 29/07/1976 | |
| Haiti | 31/01/1958 | |
| Honduras | 08/12/2005 | |
| Jamaica | 29/03/1963 | |
| Mexico | 08/02/1988 | |
| Nicaragua | 24/09/1998 | |
| Panama | 08/03/1996 | |
| Paraguay | 03/10/1969 | |
| Peru | 27/01/1970 | |
| Saint Lucia | 12/05/2005 | |
| Suriname | 26/11/2018 | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 15/10/1973 | |
| United States | 05/11/1970 | |
| Uruguay | 16/09/1977 | |
| Venezuela | 01/07/1996 | |
| Europe | Albania | 31/08/1992 |
| Andorra | 03/09/1998 | |
| Armenia | 30/06/1992 | |
| Austria | 21/01/1953 | |
| Azerbaijan | 17/06/1992 | |
| Belarus | 16/12/1993 | |
| Belgium | 11/12/1952 | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 04/07/2008 | |
| Bulgaria | 01/08/1973 | |
| Croatia | 01/07/1993 | |
| Cyprus | 31/08/1967 | |
| Czech Republic | 01/01/1993 | |
| Denmark | 19/10/1951 | |
| Estonia | 18/06/1992 | |
| European Union* | ||
| Finland | 27/01/1961 | |
| France | 06/10/1952 | |
| Georgia | 26/10/1993 | |
| Germany | 04/11/1952 | |
| Greece | 10/12/1951 | |
| Hungary | 16/09/1968 | |
| Iceland | 15/02/1971 | |
| Ireland | 23/09/1952 | |
| Israel | 23/05/1958 | |
| Italy | 20/11/1952 | |
| Kazakhstan | 30/06/1992 | |
| Kyrgyzstan | 10/02/2000 | |
| Kosovo | 25/01/2017 | |
| Latvia | 22/06/1992 | |
| Lithuania | 18/06/1992 | |
| Luxembourg | 23/01/1953 | |
| Malta | 06/07/1968 | |
| Moldova | 28/10/1994 | |
| Montenegro | 24/10/2006 | |
| Netherlands | 23/01/1953 | |
| Norway | 06/08/1951 | |
| North Macedonia | 01/07/1994 | |
| Poland | 17/07/1974 | |
| Portugal | 26/01/1953 | |
| Romania | 15/01/1969 | |
| Russian Federation | 08/07/1991 | |
| Serbia | 27/03/2001 | |
| Slovakia | 01/01/1993 | |
| Slovenia | 07/09/1992 | |
| Spain | 13/07/1952 | |
| Sweden | 17/10/1952 | |
| Switzerland | 19/12/1952 | |
| Tajikistan | 01/07/1997 | |
| Türkiye (Republic of) | 06/06/1951 | |
| Turkmenistan | 17/05/1993 | |
| Ukraine | 26/06/1992 | |
| United Kingdom | 12/09/1952 | |
| Uzbekistan | 28/07/1992 | |
| East and Southern Africa | Angola | 26/09/1990 |
| Botswana | 25/08/1978 | |
| Burundi | 20/10/1964 | |
| Comoros | 01/07/1993 | |
| Djibouti | 19/03/2008 | |
| Eritrea | 08/08/1995 | |
| Eswatini | 15/05/1981 | |
| Ethiopia | 06/08/1973 | |
| Kenya | 24/05/1965 | |
| Lesotho | 02/08/1978 | |
| Madagascar | 18/02/1964 | |
| Malawi | 06/06/1966 | |
| Mauritius | 29/03/1973 | |
| Mozambique | 01/07/1987 | |
| Namibia | 01/07/1992 | |
| Rwanda | 03/03/1964 | |
| Seychelles | 25/07/2000 | |
| Somalia | 04/10/2012 | |
| South Africa | 24/03/1964 | |
| South Sudan | 18/07/2012 | |
| Tanzania | 07/11/1964 | |
| Uganda | 03/11/1964 | |
| Zambia | 27/09/1978 | |
| Zimbabwe | 19/03/1981 | |
| North of Africa, Near and Middle East | Algeria | 19/12/1966 |
| Bahrain | 18/04/2001 | |
| Egypt | 26/10/1956 | |
| Iraq | 06/06/1990 | |
| Jordan | 01/01/1964 | |
| Kuwait | 04/10/1993 | |
| Lebanon | 20/05/1960 | |
| Libya | 11/01/1983 | |
| Morocco | 01/07/1968 | |
| Oman | 11/09/2000 | |
| Palestine | 24/03/2015 | |
| Qatar | 04/05/1992 | |
| Saudi Arabia | 08/05/1973 | |
| Sudan | 08/06/1960 | |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 19/11/1959 | |
| Tunisia | 20/07/1966 | |
| United Arab Emirates | 07/02/1979 | |
| Yemen | 01/07/1993 | |
| West and Central Africa | Benin | 09/11/1998 |
| Burkina Faso | 16/09/1966 | |
| Cameroon | 09/04/1965 | |
| Cape Verde | 01/07/1992 | |
| Central African Republic | 28/07/1986 | |
| Chad | 16/02/2005 | |
| Congo (Republic of the) | 02/09/1975 | |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 02/09/1963 | |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 26/07/1972 | |
| Equatorial Guinea | 22/12/2021 | |
| Gabon | 18/02/1965 | |
| Gambia | 14/10/1987 | |
| Ghana | 01/08/1968 | |
| Guinea | 30/10/1991 | |
| Guinea-Bissau | 19/08/2010 | |
| Liberia | 07/01/1975 | |
| Mali | 07/08/1987 | |
| Mauritania | 02/10/1979 | |
| Niger | 01/07/1981 | |
| Nigeria | 21/08/1963 | |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 23/09/2009 | |
| Senegal | 10/03/1976 | |
| Sierra Leone | 06/11/1975 | |
| Togo | 12/02/1990 | |
| Far East, South and South East Asia,
Australasia and the Pacific Islands |
Afghanistan (Islamic Republic of) | 10/08/2004 |
| Australia | 05/01/1961 | |
| Bangladesh | 01/07/1978 | |
| Bhutan | 12/02/2002 | |
| Brunei Darussalam | 01/07/1996 | |
| Cambodia | 03/04/2001 | |
| China | 18/07/1983 | |
| Fiji | 01/07/1997 | |
| Hong Kong, China | 01/07/1987 | |
| India | 15/02/1971 | |
| Indonesia | 30/04/1957 | |
| Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 16/10/1959 | |
| Japan | 15/06/1964 | |
| Korea (Republic of) | 02/07/1968 | |
| Lao People’s Democratic Republic | 16/01/2007 | |
| Macao, China | 07/07/1993 | |
| Malaysia | 30/06/1964 | |
| Maldives | 08/09/1995 | |
| Mongolia | 17/09/1991 | |
| Myanmar (The Republic of the Union of) | 25/03/1991 | |
| Nepal | 22/07/1986 | |
| New Zealand | 16/05/1963 | |
| Pakistan | 16/11/1955 | |
| Palau | 02/02/2024 | |
| Papua New Guinea | 18/03/2002 | |
| Philippines | 01/10/1980 | |
| Solomon Islands | 26/01/2023 | |
| Samoa | 01/10/2001 | |
| Singapore | 09/07/1975 | |
| Sri Lanka | 29/05/1967 | |
| Thailand | 04/02/1972 | |
| Timor-Leste | 19/09/2003 | |
| Tonga | 01/07/2005 | |
| Vanuatu | 17/11/2009 | |
| Vietnam | 01/07/1993 |
<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Status akin to WCO membership
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Template:Official website
- B. Kormych The European Customs Union Study Group: Drafting the EU Customs Legislation
- WCO Trade Tools
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