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Border checkpoint

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A border checkpoint is a location on an international border where travelers or goods are inspected and allowed (or denied) passage through. Authorization often is required to enter a country through its borders. Access-controlled borders often have a limited number of checkpoints where they can be crossed without legal sanctions. Arrangements or treaties may be formed to allow or mandate less restrained crossings (e.g. the Schengen Agreement). Land border checkpoints (land ports of entry) can be contrasted with the customs and immigration facilities at seaports, international airports, and other ports of entry.

Checkpoints generally serve two purposes:

  • To prevent entrance of individuals who are either undesirable (e.g. criminals or others who pose threats) or simply unauthorized to enter.
  • To prevent entrance of goods that are illegal or subject to restriction, or to collect tariffs.

Checkpoints are usually staffed by a uniformed service (sometimes referred to as customs service or border patrol agents).

In some countries (e.g. China) there are border checkpoints for both those entering and those exiting the country, while in others (e.g. U.S. and Canada), there are border checkpoints only when entering the country.

Definitions in European Union (Schengen) lawEdit

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File:EU Swiss border post.jpg
Italian-Swiss border post – since Switzerland joined the Schengen Area in 2008, this checkpoint is solely for customs formalities

The Schengen Borders Code, which forms part of the law of the European Union, defines some terms as follows (particularities with respect to the EU are left out, in order to emphasize general usability of those definitions):<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • "Border crossing point" means any crossing point authorized by the competent authorities for the crossing of external borders (Article 2 sec. 8 of the Schengen Borders Code);
  • "Border control" means the activity carried out at a border, [...] in response exclusively to an intention to cross or the act of crossing that border, regardless of any other consideration, consisting of border checks and border surveillance (Article 2 sec. 9 of the Schengen Borders Code);
  • "Border checks" means the checks carried out at border crossing points, to ensure that persons, including their means of transport and the objects in their possession, may be authorised to enter the territory [...] or authorised to leave it (Article 2 sec. 10 of the Schengen Borders Code);
  • "Border surveillance" means the surveillance of borders between border crossing points and the surveillance of border crossing points outside the fixed opening hours, in order to prevent persons from circumventing border checks (Article 2 sec. 10 of the Schengen Borders Code).
  • "Second line check" means a further check which may be carried out in a special location away from the location at which all persons are checked (first line)

These definitions mean that a place where a road crosses an internal Schengen border is legally not a "border crossing point".

Busiest checkpoints in the worldEdit

LandEdit

This is a list of the busiest land border checkpoints in the world, handling more than 35 million travelers in both directions annually. These travelers (or individual crossings) comprise pedestrians, drivers and vehicle passengers. International border checkpoints are in green.

Notes:

  • As the United States does not have border checkpoints for outgoing traffic, incoming traffic figures are doubled to give a fair comparison. See detailed notes in table.
  • El Paso Port of Entry has been excluded, as its total represents the sum of six individual checkpoints at the end of six separate bridges, with no single checkpoint meeting the minimum number of crossings required for this list.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Rank Border checkpoints Annual Travelers Notes
1 Gongbei Port Template:Flag Template:Flag Posto Fronteiriço das Portas do Cerco 134,000,000 (2018)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

2 Sultan Iskandar Building Template:Flag Template:Flag Woodlands Checkpoint 127,750,000 (2012)<ref name=":1" /><ref group=Note name=Note01/>
3 Luohu Port Template:Flag Template:Flag Lo Wu Control Point 81,707,959 (2017)<ref name=":0" />
4 Puerto Fronterizo El Chaparral Template:Flag Template:Flag San Ysidro Port of Entry 69,300,000 (2018)<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref group=Note name=Note02/>

5 Futian Port Template:Flag Template:Flag Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Control Point 59,464,480 (2017)<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

6 Shenzhen Bay Port Template:Flag Template:Flag Shenzhen Bay Control Point 45,118,797 (2017)<ref name=":0" />
7 Huanggang Port Template:Flag Template:Flag Lok Ma Chau Control Point 37,059,848 (2017)<ref name=":0" />
8 Puerto Fronterizo Mesa de Otay Template:Flag Template:Flag Otay Mesa Port of Entry 35,400,000 (2018)<ref name=":2" /><ref group=Note name=Note02/>

AirEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} This is a list of the busiest airports in the world, by international passenger traffic, as of 2018. Airports serving international passengers are effectively checkpoints, and have the proper customs, immigration and quarantine facilities. Airports Council International's (January–December) preliminary figures are as follows.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Rank Airport Annual Passengers
1 Dubai International Airport Template:Flag 88,885,367
2 London Heathrow Airport Template:Flag 75,306,939
3 Hong Kong International Airport Template:Flag 74,360,976
4 Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Template:Flag 70,956,258<ref group=Note name=Note03/>
5 Seoul Incheon International Airport Template:Flag 67,676,147
6 Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport Template:Flag 66,383,494<ref group=Note name=Note03/>
7 Singapore Changi Airport Template:Flag 64,890,000
8 Frankfurt Airport Template:Flag 61,774,663<ref group=Note name=Note03/>
9 Suvarnabhumi Airport Template:Flag 50,868,846
10 Atatürk International Airport Template:Flag 48,978,770

SeaEdit

This is a list of the busiest seaports in the world, with proper customs, immigration and quarantine facilities to be deemed as maritime checkpoints. Although figures simply represent total passenger traffic, most (if not, all) of the passengers served at these ports are bound for other countries and have to pass through checkpoint (i.e. the port is not a domestic one). This list only includes ports that handle more than 4 million passengers annually.

Note:

  • The four passenger ports in China, Hong Kong and Macau in this list operate services to and from each other. These passenger ports are effectively checkpoints, as they have the proper customs, immigration and quarantine facilities.
Rank Port Annual Passengers Notes
1 Taipa Ferry Terminal Template:Flag 24,000,000 (2017)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref group=Note name=Note04/>

2 Hong Kong–Macau Ferry Terminal Template:Flag 17,317,037 (2017)<ref name=":0" />
3 Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal Template:Flag 15,000,000 (2013)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
4 Port of Helsinki Template:Flag 12,300,000 (2017)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref group=Note name=Note03/>
5 Port of Dover Template:Flag 11,700,000 (2017)<ref name="stats">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

6 Hong Kong-China Ferry Terminal Template:Flag 7,074,940 (2017)<ref name=":0" />
7 PortMiami Template:Flag 4,800,000 (2017)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
8 Port Canaveral Template:Flag 4,500,000 (2016)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

GalleryEdit

See alsoEdit

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NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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