Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Redirect Template:Multiple issues Template:Use dmy dates
_Petroglyphs_Wadi_Methkandoush_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg){kind=link}
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. Outside North America, scholars often use terms such as "carving", "engraving", or other descriptions of the technique to refer to such images. Petroglyphs, estimated to be 20,000 years old are classified as protected monuments and have been added to the tentative list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.Template:Clarify Petroglyphs are found worldwide, and are often associated with prehistoric peoples. The word comes from the Greek prefix Template:Transliteration, from {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Transliteration meaning "stone", and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Transliteration meaning "carve", and was originally coined in French as {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.
In scholarly texts, a petroglyph is a rock engraving, whereas a petrograph (or pictograph) is a rock painting.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In common usage, the words are sometimes used interchangeably.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Both types of image belong to the wider and more general category of rock art or parietal art. Petroforms, or patterns and shapes made by many large rocks and boulders over the ground, are also quite different. Inuksuk are not petroglyphs, but human-made rock forms found in Arctic regions.
HistoryEdit
Petroglyphs have been found in all parts of the globe except Antarctica, with highest concentrations in parts of Africa, Scandinavia and Siberia, many examples of petroglyphs found globally are dated to approximately the Neolithic and late Upper Paleolithic boundary (roughly 10,000 to 12,000 years ago).
Around 7,000 to 9,000 years ago, following the introduction of a number of precursors of writing systems, the existence and creation of petroglyphs began to suffer and tail off, with different forms of art, such as pictographs and ideograms, taking their place. However, petroglyphs continued to be created and remained somewhat common, with various cultures continuing to use them for differing lengths of time, including cultures who continued to create them until contact with Western culture was made in the 19th and 20th centuries.Template:Citation needed
InterpretationEdit
Many hypotheses exist as to the purpose of petroglyphs, depending on their location, age, and subject matter. Some petroglyph images most likely held a deep cultural and religious significance for the societies that created them. Many petroglyphs are thought to represent a type of symbolic or ritualistic language or communication style that remains not fully understood. Others, such as geocontourglyphs, more clearly depict or represent a landform or the surrounding terrain, such as rivers and other geographic features.Template:Citation needed
Some petroglyph maps, depicting trails, as well as containing symbols communicating the time and distances travelled along those trails, exist; other petroglyph maps act as astronomical markers. As well as holding geographic and astronomical importance, other petroglyphs may also have been a by-product of various rituals: sites in India, for example, have seen some petroglyphs identified as musical instruments or "rock gongs".<ref>Ancient Indians made 'rock music'. BBC News (2004-03-19). Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>
Some petroglyphs likely formed types of symbolic communication, such as types of proto-writing.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Later glyphs from the Nordic Bronze Age in Scandinavia seem to refer to some form of territorial boundary between tribes, in addition to holding possible religious meanings. Petroglyph styles have been recognised as having local or regional "dialects" from similar or neighboring peoples. Siberian inscriptions loosely resemble an early form of runes, although no direct relationship has been established.
Petroglyphs from different continents show similarities. While people would be inspired by their direct surroundings, it is harder to explain the common styles. This could be mere coincidence, an indication that certain groups of people migrated widely from some initial common area, or indication of a common origin. In 1853, George Tate presented a paper to the Berwick Naturalists' Club, at which a John Collingwood Bruce agreed that the carvings had "... a common origin, and indicate a symbolic meaning, representing some popular thought."<ref>J. Collingwood Bruce (1868; cited in Beckensall, S., Northumberland's Prehistoric Rock Carvings: A Mystery Explained. Pendulum Publications, Rothbury, Northumberland. 1983:19)</ref> In his cataloguing of Scottish rock art, Ronald Morris summarized 104 different theories on their interpretation.<ref>Morris, Ronald (1979) The Prehistoric Rock Art of Galloway and The Isle of Man, Blandford Press, Template:ISBN.</ref>
Other theories suggest that petroglyphs were carved by spiritual leaders, such as shamans, in an altered state of consciousness,<ref>[See: D. Lewis-Williams, A Cosmos in Stone: Interpreting Religion and Society through Rock Art (Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 2002).]</ref> perhaps induced by the use of natural hallucinogens. Many of the geometric patterns (known as form constants) which recur in petroglyphs and cave paintings have been shown by David Lewis-Williams to be hardwired into the human brain. They frequently occur in visual disturbances and hallucinations brought on by drugs, migraine, and other stimuli.
The Rock Art Research Institute (RARI) of the University of the Witwatersrand studies present-day links between religion and rock art among the San people of the Kalahari Desert.<ref>Rockart.wits.ac.za Template:Webarchive Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref> Though the San people's artworks are predominantly paintings, the beliefs behind them can perhaps be used as a basis for understanding other types of rock art, including petroglyphs. To quote from the RARI website:
Using knowledge of San beliefs, researchers have shown that the art played a fundamental part in the religious lives of its painters. The art captured things from the San's world behind the rock-face: the other world inhabited by spirit creatures, to which dancers could travel in animal form, and where people of ecstasy could draw power and bring it back for healing, rain-making and capturing the game.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
List of petroglyph sitesEdit
AfricaEdit
AlgeriaEdit
CameroonEdit
Central African RepublicEdit
- Bambari, Lengo and Bangassou in the south; Bwale in the west
- Toulou
- Djebel Mela
- Koumbala
ChadEdit
Republic of the CongoEdit
- The Niari Valley, 250 km south west of Brazzaville
EgyptEdit
- Qurta, on the east bank of the Nile River in the upper Nile valley, has Nubian Sandstone formations featuring the first and earliest known examples of petroglyphs in the region of North Africa, dating back to 19–15,000 years BP<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
- Wadi Hammamat in Qift, many carvings and inscriptions dating from before the earliest Egyptian Dynasties to the modern era, including the only painted petroglyph known from the Eastern Desert and drawings of Egyptian reed boats dated to 4000 BCE
- Inscription Rock in South Sinai, is a large rock with carvings and writings ranging from Nabatean to Latin, Ancient Greek and Crusader eras located a few miles from the Ain Hudra Oasis. A second rock sites approximately 1 km from the main rock near the Nabatean tombs of Nawamis with carvings of animals including Camels, Gazelles and others. The original archaeologists who investigated these in the 1800s have also left their names carved on this rock.
- Giraffe petroglyphs found in the region of Gebel el-Silsila. The rock faces have been used for extensive quarrying of materials for temple building especially during the period specified as the New Kingdom. The Giraffe depictions are located near a stela of the king Amenhotep IV. The images are not dated, but they are probably dated from the Predynastic periods.
EthiopiaEdit
GabonEdit
- Ogooue River Valley
- Epona
- Elarmekora
- Kongo Boumba
- Lindili
- Kaya Kaya
LibyaEdit
MoroccoEdit
- The Draa River valley.
- Taouz.<ref>Gonzalo de Salazar,"The Chariots of Sahara", Adoranten, Tanum: Scandinavian Society for Prehistoric Art, 2000. </ref>
- Akka
- Smara
.jpg){kind=link}
NamibiaEdit
NigerEdit
- Life-size giraffe carvings on Dabous Rock, Aïr Mountains
South AfricaEdit
- Driekops Eiland near Kimberley<ref>Parkington, J. Morris, D. & Rusch, N. 2008. Karoo rock engravings. Clanwilliam: Krakadouw Trust; Morris, D. & Beaumont, P. 2004. Archaeology in the Northern Cape: some key sites. Kimberley: McGregor Museum.</ref>
- ǀXam and ǂKhomani heartland in the Karoo, Northern Cape
- Wildebeest Kuil Rock Art Centre near Kimberley, Northern Cape
- Keiskie near Calvinia, Northern Cape
Tunisia<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
- Ouesslat Mountain, Ain Kanfous<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and Zamla<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
- Tameghza<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
- The Tataouine Region, in particular Ghomrassen<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and Smar<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
ZambiaEdit
- Nyambwezi Falls in the north-west province.
AsiaEdit
- Cheung Chau Rock Carving 1.jpg
Rock carving on Cheung Chau Island, Hong Kong
- KyrgyzPetroglyphs.jpg
Petroglyphs at Cholpon-Ata in Kyrgyzstan
- Tanbaly.jpg
Tamgaly petroglyphs in Kazakhstan
- Buddhas at ili.jpg
Buddhist carvings at Ili River in Kazakhstan
- Angono Petroglyphs1.jpg
Petroglyphs on a rock wall found in the Sierra Madre mountain range, Rizal, Philippines
- Petoro.JPG
Petroglyph found in Awashima shrine (Japan)
ArmeniaEdit
- Ughtasar
- Paytasar
- Urtsadzor
- Aragats<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
- Gegham mountains
- Vardenis ridge
- See also Armenian Eternity sign
AzerbaijanEdit
ChinaEdit
- Helan Mountains in Yinchuan<ref name="east">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
- Hua'an Engravings
- Kangjia shimenzi in Xinjiang<ref name=east/>
- Lianyungan Rock Engravings
- Petroglyphs in Zhuhai
- Yin Mountains in Inner Mongolia<ref name=east/>
- Chifeng Petroglyphs in Inner Mongolia
GeorgiaEdit
Hong KongEdit
Eight sites in Hong Kong:
- Tung Lung Island
- Kau Sai Chau
- Po Toi Island
- Cheung Chau
- Shek Pik on Lantau Island
- Wong Chuk Hang and Big Wave Bay on Hong Kong Island
- Lung Ha Wan in Sai Kung
IndiaEdit
- Bhimbetka rock shelters, Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh, India.
- Yogimatha rock painting , Nuapada District, Odisha, India.
- Kupgal petroglyphs on Dolerite Dyke, near Bellary, Karnataka, India.
- Kudopi, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India.
- Konkan Petroglyphs, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India.
- Hiwale, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India.
- Barsu, Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra, India.
- Devihasol, Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra, India
- Edakkal Caves, Wayanad District, Kerala, India.
- Kollur, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu 35 km from Villupuram in Tamil Nadu. A large dolmen with four petroglyphs that portray men with trident and a wheel with spokes has been found. The discovery was made by K.T. Gandhirajan. This is the second instance when a dolmen with petrographs has been found in Tamil Nadu, India.<ref>Dolmen with petroglyphs found near Villupuram. Beta.thehindu.com (2009-09-19). Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref> In October 2018, petroglyphs were discovered in the Ratnagiri and Rajapur areas in the Konkan region of western Maharashtra. Those rock carvings which might date back to 10,000 BC, depict animals like hippopotamuses and rhinoceroses which are not found in that region of India.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some carving depicts, what appears to be Pisces constellation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Perumukkal, Tindivanam District, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Unakoti near Kailashahar in North Tripura District, Tripura, India.
- Usgalimal rock engravings, Kushavati river banks, in Goa<ref name=goa>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Ladakhi rock art in Ladakh, NW Indian Himalaya.<ref>Petroglyphs of Ladakh: The Withering Monuments. tibetheritagefund.org</ref>
- Ratnagiri Maharashtra Petroglyphs, An eight ftlong petroglyph in Devache Gothane village in Rajapur district, Maharashtra.<ref name="Ratnagiri">Template:Cite news</ref>.File:Petroglyphs In Maharashtra.jpgGoddess Lajja Gauri who is similarly portrayed, squatting and with legs facing outward
Kethaiyurumpu, Tamil Nadu. Situated 28 km north west of Dindigal, Tamil Nadu nearby Idaiyakottai and six km south west of Oddanchartam has revealed several petroglyphs mostly represent abstract symbols on two rocks, which looks like a temporary rock shelter were noticed adjacent to a Murugan temple which is in ruins on top of the Kothaiyurumbu hill.
IranEdit
During recent years a large number of rock carvings has been identified in different parts of Iran. The vast majority depict the ibex.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="bradshawfoundation">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Rock drawings were found in December 2016 near Golpayegan, Iran, which may be the oldest drawings discovered, with one cluster possibly 40,000 years old. Accurate estimations were unavailable due to US sanctions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The oldest pictographs in Iran are seen in Yafteh cave in Lorestan that date back 40,000 and the oldest petroglyph discovered belongs to Timareh dating back to 40,800 years ago.
Iran provides demonstrations of script formation from pictogram, ideogram, linear (2300 BC) or proto Elamite, geometric old Elamite script, Pahlevi script, Arabic script (906 years ago), Kufi script, and Farsi script back to at least 250 years ago. More than 50000 petroglyphs have been discovered, extended over all Iran's states.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="bradshawfoundation"/><ref>Universal Common language (book); Iran Petrogylphs, Ideogram Symbols (book); Rock Museums Rock Arts (Iran Petroglyphs) (book); For more information : https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/world-oldest-rock-drawings-archaeologist-iran-khomeyn-mohammed-naserifard-a7470321.html ; http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/deciphering-irans-ancient-rock-art-.aspx?pageID=238&nID=107184&NewsCatID=375 ; http://theiranproject.com/blog/tag/dr-mohammed-naserifard/</ref>
IsraelEdit
JapanEdit
- Awashima shrine (Kitakyūshū city)<ref name="Yoshida Nobuhiro 1994 p.57">Nobuhiro, Yoshida (1994) The Handbook For Petrograph Fieldwork, Chou Art Publishing, Template:ISBN, p. 57</ref>
- Fugoppe Cave, Hokkaido<ref name="east"/>
- Hikoshima (Shimonoseki city)<ref name="Yoshida Nobuhiro 1994 p.57" />
- Miyajima<ref name="Yoshida Nobuhiro 1994 p.57" />
- Temiya cave (Otaru city)<ref>Nobuhiro, Yoshida (1994) The Handbook For Petrograph Fieldwork, Chou Art Publishing, Template:ISBN, p. 54</ref>
JordanEdit
KazakhstanEdit
- Koksu River, in Almaty Province
- Chumysh River basin,
- Tamgaly Tas on the Ili River
- Tamgaly – a World Heritage Site nearly of Almaty
LaosEdit
South KoreaEdit
KyrgyzstanEdit
- Several sites in the Tien Shan mountains: Cholpon-Ata, the Talas valley, Saimaluu Tash, and on the rock outcrop called Suleiman's Throne in Osh in the Fergana valley
MacauEdit
MalaysiaEdit
MongoliaEdit
- Petroglyphic Complexes of the Mongolian Altai, UNESCO World Heritage site, 2011<ref>Petroglyphic Complexes of the Mongolian Altai – UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Whc.unesco.org (2011-06-28). Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref><ref>Fitzhugh, William W. and Kortum, Richard (2012) Rock Art and Archaeology: Investigating Ritual Landscape in the Mongolian Altai. Field Report 2011. The Arctic Studies Center, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.</ref>
- Petroglyphs found in the area of Bayan-Ovoo.<ref>Prehistoric petroglyphs found in the area of Bayan-Ovoo (approximately 42,2379 N, 105,5360 E), as described and published by De Salazar Serantes in 1998 (“Discovery of Prehistoric Ruins in Gobi Desert”, by Gonzalo de Salazar Serantes, Adoranten1998. Tanum: Scandinavian Society for Prehistoric Art, 1998, pp 66–69). </ref>
PakistanEdit
PhilippinesEdit
Saudi ArabiaEdit
- وادي قرن.jpg
Petroglyphs at Wadi Qarn.
- Madain Saleh (6720062703).jpg
Petroglyphs at Mada'in Salih.
- Inscriptions of musical instruments in Hejaz.jpg
Petroglyphs of musical instruments.
- جبال حرة.jpg
Petroglyphs of animals, Tabuk.
- جيال الزيدانية النقش الهيروغليفي.jpg
Hieroglyphic inscriptions, Tabuk.
- نقوش جبل كويفر الاسلامية.jpg
Islamic inscriptions, Qasim.
- جبل دويدة.jpg
Thamudic inscriptions.
- "Graffiti Rocks", about 110 km SW of Riyadh off the Mecca highway
- Arwa, west of Riyadh
- al Jawf, near al Jawf
- al Jawf, Camel Carving Site
- Jubbah, Umm Samnan, north of Hail
- Janin Cave, south of Hail
- Yatib, south of Hail
- Milihiya, south of Hail
- Jebel al Lawz, north of Tabuk
- Wadi Damm, near Tabuk
- Wadi Abu Oud, near al Ula
- Shuwaymis, north of Madina
- Jebel al Manjour & Ratt, north of Madina
- Hanakiya, north of Madina
- Shimli
- Bir Hima, north of Najran
- Tathleeth, north of Najran
- Al-Magar, in Najd
TaiwanEdit
- The Wanshan Rock Carvings Archeological Site near Maolin District, Kaohsiung, were discovered between 1978 and 2002.
ThailandEdit
VietnamEdit
- Rock engravings in Sapa, Sa Pa, Lào Cai Province
- Rock engravings in Namdan, Xín Mần District, Hà Giang Province
YemenEdit
- Eriosh Petroglyphs, island of Socotra
EuropeEdit
- Sweden-Brastad-Petroglyph Skomakaren-Aug 2003.jpg
Carving "The Shoemaker", Brastad, Sweden
- Petroglifo bentayga.jpg
Petroglyph in Roque Bentayga, Gran Canaria (Canary Islands).
- DalgarvenMillCup&Ring.jpg
Petroglyph at Dalgarven Mill, Ayrshire, Scotland.
- Petroglifos do Castrinho de Conxo.jpg
Bronze Age petroglyphs depicting weapons, Castriño de Conxo, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia.
- Labirinto do Outeiro do Cribo.JPG
Labyrinth, Meis, Galicia.
- Laxe das Rodas 01.jpg
Cup-and-ring mark, Louro, Muros, Galicia.
- Touron petr.JPG
Deer and cup-and-ring motifs, Tourón, Ponte Caldelas, Galicia.
- Petroglyphs in Zalavruga, Belomorsk, Karelia, Russia 03.jpg
Petroglyphs in Zalavruga, Belomorsk, Karelia, Russia
EnglandEdit
FinlandEdit
- Hauensuoli, Hanko, Finland
FranceEdit
- Prehistoric rock engravings of the Fontainebleau Forest
- Vallée des Merveilles, Mercantour National Park, France
- Vallée des Merveilles 103.jpg
The sorcerer, Vallée des Merveilles, France
- Vallée des Merveilles 101.jpg
The tribe master, Vallée des Merveilles, France
IrelandEdit
ItalyEdit
- Rock Drawings in Valcamonica – World Heritage Site, Italy (biggest European site, over 350,000)
- Bagnolo stele, Valcamonica, Italy
- Grotta del Genovese, Sicily, Italy
- Grotta dell'Addaura, Sicily, Italy
- Rock Engravings in Grosio (in Valtellina), Italy
- Parco Grosio La Rupe Magna.jpg
Grosio - Rupe Magna
- Parco Grosio Rupe Magna 5.jpg
Grosio - Rupe Magna
- Parco Grosio Rupe Magna 3.jpg
Grosio - Rupe Magna
Northern IrelandEdit
- Knockmany Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland left.jpg
Leftmost of three central stones, Knockmany Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone
- Knockmany Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland centre.jpg
Central of three central stones, Knockmany Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone
- Knockmany Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland right.JPG
A stone on the right of the passage, Knockmany Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone
- Sess kilgreen 1.jpg
Sess Kilgreen Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone
- Sess kilgreen 2.jpg
Sess Kilgreen Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone
NorwayEdit
- Rock carvings at Alta, World Heritage Site (1985)
- Rock carvings in Central Norway
- Rock carvings at Møllerstufossen
- Rock carvings at Tennes
PortugalEdit
- Rock Art Foz Coa 01.jpg
Various zoomorphic creatures, including in particular, a horse
- Rock Art Foz Coa 03.jpg
Paleolithic rock engravings breaking the natural rock formation
- Prehistoric Rock-Art Site of the Côa Valley - Penascosa - Bull @ 2011-08-06.jpg
Various zoomorphic creatures, including in particular, a Bull
ScotlandEdit
- Museum of Ayrshire Country Life and Costume, North Ayrshire
- Burghead Bull, Burghead
- Townhead, Galloway<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
SpainEdit
- Petroglyphs from Galicia
- Petroglyphs from the Canary Islands (Spain)
<ref>Photos Template:Webarchive. Celticland.com. (2007-08-13). Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>
RussiaEdit
- White Sea petroglyphs, Republic of Karelia, Russia
- Petroglyph Park near Petrozavodsk–Lake Onega, Russia
- Tomskaya Pisanitsa
- Kanozero Petroglyphs
- Sikachi-Alyan, Khabarovsk Krai
- Kapova cave, Bashkortostan
- Sunduki Petroglyphs, Khakassia
SwedenEdit
- Tanumshede (Bohuslän); World Heritage Site (1994)
- Himmelstalund (by Norrköping in Östergötland)
- Enköping (Uppland)
- Southwest Skåne (Götaland)
- Alvhem (Västra Götaland)
- Torhamn (Blekinge)
- Nämforsen (Ångermanland)
- Häljesta (Västmanland)
- Slagsta (Södermanland)
- Glösa (Jämtland)
- Gärde (Jämtland)
- Flatruet (Härjedalen)
- Grannberget (Härjedalen)
- The King's Grave at Kivik
- Fäbodristning from Dalarna
- Norrforsen (Umeå)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
TurkeyEdit
- Kagizman, Kars
- Cunni Cave, Erzurum
- Esatli, Ordu
- Gevaruk Valley, Hakkâri
- Hakkari Trisin, Hakkâri
- Latmos / Beşparmak
- Güdül, Ankara
UkraineEdit
WalesEdit
Central and South America and the CaribbeanEdit
ArgentinaEdit
- Cueva de las Manos, Santa Cruz
- Talampaya National Park, La Rioja
- Lihué Calel National Park, La Pampa
- Talampaya petroglyphs (1).jpg
- Petroglifo001.jpg
Petroglyph on Tunduqueral hill at Uspallata, Argentina
ArubaEdit
BrazilEdit
The oldest reliably dated rock art in the Americas is known as the "Horny Little Man." It is petroglyph depicting a stick figure with an oversized phallus and carved in Lapa do Santo, a cave in central-eastern Brazil and dates from 12,000 to 9,000 years ago.<ref>Choi, Charles. "Call this ancient rock carving 'little horny man'." Science on NBC News. 22 Feb 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2012.</ref>
- Serra da Capivara National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Piauí
- Vale do Catimbau National Park, Pernambuco
- Ingá Stone, Paraíba
- Costao do Santinho, Santa Catarina
- Lagoa Santa (Holy Lake), Minas Gerais
- Ivolandia, Goiás
- Serra da Capivara - Painting 7.JPG
Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil
- Ivolandia Rupestres 11.JPG
Ivolandia, Goiás, Brazil
- Figuras rupestres, Costão do Santinho, Florianópolis 2.JPG
Costao do Santinho, SC, Brazil
ChileEdit
- Settlers at La Silla.jpg
CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Llamas at La Silla.jpg
Llamas at La Silla<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
ColombiaEdit
- Alb.jpg
El Abra archaeological site, Cundinamarca
- Chiribiquete petroglyph 1.jpg
Petroglyph in the Chiribiquete Natural National Park. (Possible equine)
- Chiribiquete petroglyph 2.jpg
Petroglyph in the Chiribiquete Natural National Park. Aboriginal.
- Chiribiquete AJ11calabazos.JPG
Petroglyphs in the Chiribiquete Natural National Park.
Costa RicaEdit
Dominican RepublicEdit
- Cueva de las Maravillas, San Pedro de Macorís
- Las Caritas, near Lake Enriquillo
- Los Tres Ojos, Santo Domingo
GrenadaEdit
MontserratEdit
NicaraguaEdit
- El Ceibo Petroglyphs,<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ometepe, Rivas
- Ometepe Petroglyphs,<ref name="auto" /> Ometepe, Rivas
ParaguayEdit
PeruEdit
- Cumbe Mayo, Cajamarca
- Petroglyphs of Pusharo, Manú National Park, Madre de Dios region
- Petroglyphs of Quiaca, Puno Region
- Petroglyphs of Jinkiori, Cusco Region
- Toro Muerto, Arequipa Region
Saint Kitts and NevisEdit
- Carib Petroglyphs, Wingfield Manor Estate, Saint Kitts
SurinameEdit
Trinidad and TobagoEdit
- Caurita File:Caurita Petroglyph.jpgThe only known Amerindian petroglyph in Trinidad
VenezuelaEdit
- Caicara del Orinoco, Bolívar
- Morrocoy National Park, Falcón
- Piedra Pintada Archeological Park within San Esteban National Park, Guaraca, Carabobo
- Sardinata Beach, Amazonas
- Taima Taima, Falcón
North AmericaEdit
CanadaEdit
- Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia
- Petroglyph Provincial Park, Nanaimo, British Columbia<ref>Petroglyph Provincial Park, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island BC Template:Webarchive. Britishcolumbia.com. Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>
- Petroglyphs Provincial Park, north of Peterborough, Ontario
- Agnes Lake, Quetico Provincial Park, Ontario
- Sproat Lake Provincial Park, near Port Alberni, British Columbia
- Stuart Lake, British Columbia
- St. Victor Provincial Park, Saskatchewan
- Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, east of Milk River, Alberta
- Gabriola Island, British Columbia<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- East Sooke Regional Park, British Columbia
- Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre, Herschel Saskatchewan
- Lake Temagami, Ontario<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
MexicoEdit
- Boca de Potrerillos, Mina, Nuevo León
- Chiquihuitillos, Mina, Nuevo León
- Cuenca del Río Victoria, near Xichú, Guanajuato
- Coahuiltecan Cueva Ahumada, Nuevo León
- La Proveedora, Caborca, Sonora
- Samalayuca, Juarez, Chihuahua
- Las Labradas, near Mazatlán, Sinaloa
United StatesEdit
- Arches National Park, Utah
- Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico
- Barnesville Petroglyph, Ohio
- Bloomington Petroglyph Park, Utah
- Capitol Reef National Park, Utah
- Caguana Indian Park, Utuado, Puerto Rico
- Columbia Hills State Park, Washington<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Corn Springs, Colorado Desert, California
- Coso Rock Art District, Coso Range, northern Mojave Desert, California<ref>Moore, Donald W. Petroglyph Canyon Tours. Desertusa.com. Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>
- Death Valley National Park, California
- Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado and Utah
- Dighton Rock, Massachusetts
- Dominguez Canyon Wilderness, Colorado
- Fremont Indian State Park Utah
- Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park Washington<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Grand Traverse Bay Michigan
- Great Basin National Park Nevada
- Grimes Point, Nevada<ref>Grimes Point National Recreation Trail, Nevada BLM Archaeological Site Template:Webarchive. Americantrails.org (2012-01-13). Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>
- Independence Slab, Ohio
- Inscription Rock (Kelleys Island, Ohio), Ohio
- Jeffers Petroglyphs, Minnesota
- Judaculla Rock, North Carolina
- Kanopolis State Park, Kansas
- La Cueva del Indio (Indians Cave), Arecibo, Puerto Rico
- La Piedra Escrita (The Written Rock), Jayuya, Puerto Rico
- Lava Beds National Monument, Tule Lake, California
- Legend Rock Petroglyph Site, Thermopolis, Wyoming
- Lemonweir Glyphs, Wisconsin
- Leo Petroglyph, Leo, Ohio<ref>Museums & Historic Sites Template:Webarchive. ohiohistory.org. Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>
- Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky
- Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado
- Newspaper Rock State Historic Monument, Utah
- Olympic National Park, Washington
- Paintlick Mountain, Tazewell, Virginia<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Petit Jean State Park, Arkansas
- Petrified Forest National Park Arizona
- Petroglyph National Monument, New Mexico<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Picacho Mountain, Picacho Arizona
- Picture Canyon, Flagstaff, Arizona
- Picture Rocks, Picture Rocks, Arizona
- Puye Cliff Dwellings, New Mexico
- Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area, Nevada
- Rochester Rock Art Panel, Utah
- Ring Mountain, Marin County, California
- Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands
- Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park, Sanilac County, Michigan
- Sedona, Arizona
- Seminole Canyon, Texas
- Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area, Nevada
- South Mountain Park, Arizona
- The Cove Palisades State Park, Oregon
- Three Rivers Petroglyphs, New Mexico<ref>Three Rivers Petroglyph Site Template:Webarchive. Nm.blm.gov (2012-09-13). Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>
- Tibes Indian Park, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Valley of Fire State Park, Nevada
- Washington State Park, Washington County, Missouri
- West Virginia glyphs
- White Mountain (Wyoming), Rock Springs, Wyoming
- White Tank Mountain Regional Park, Waddell, Arizona
- Winnemucca Lake, Nevada
- Writing Rock State Historical Site, North Dakota
- Monolyth at Caguas & El Yunque, Puerto Rico
- Track Rock, Union County Georgia
- Forsyth Petroglyph Originally discovered, locates and documented near Cumming, Georgia in Forsyth County but has been relocated to the campus of the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia
- Petroglyphs on a Bishop Tuff tableland-750px.jpg
Petroglyphs on a Bishop Tuff tableland, eastern California
- Petroglyph 2 tds.jpg
Southern Utah
- Petroglyphs tds.jpg
Southern Utah
- Petroglyphs in Bryce Canyon.jpg
- Ute Petroglyphs in Arches National Park.jpg
- Tracks at Barnesville Petroglyph.JPG
Animal print carvings outside of Barnesville, Ohio
- Petroglyph in Arizona 2007-01-20.jpg
Arizona
- Picacho Petroglyph.jpg
Picacho Mountain Petroglyphs
- Petroglyphs in the Columbia River Gorge.jpg
- Upside down.jpg
Upside-down man in Western Colorado
- RochesterPanel 01 2008.JPG
Rochester Rock Art Panel in the San Rafael Swell in Utah
- Spiderweb petroglyph on the Waterfall Trail in the White Tank Mountains, Arizonia.jpg
Web-like petroglyph on the White Tank Mountain Regional Park Waterfall Trail, Arizona
- Chipping petroglyph on Waterfall Trail in the White Tank Mountains.jpg
Chipping petroglyph on the White Tank Mountain Regional Park Waterfall Trail, Arizona
- Arizona petroglyph 1117.JPG
Sample of petroglyphs at Painted Rock near Gila Bend, Arizona off Interstate 8.
- Puye 1.jpg
- ThunderBird Rock Carved Petroglyph at Twin Buffs.jpg
- Sanilac Petroglyphs - Archer.jpg
Archer-like figure, Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park, Sanilac County, Michigan
- Sky Rock.jpg
Sky Rock Petroglyphs, Bishop, California.
- Sky Rock paint.jpg
Sky Rock Petroglyphs, Bishop, California.
OceaniaEdit
AustraliaEdit
- Arnhem Land / Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia
- Kings Canyon Resort / Watarrka National Park, Northern Australia
- Gosford Glyphs in Central Coast, NSW (widely regarded as archaeological forgery)
- Murujuga, Western Australia – world heritage assessed
- Sydney Rock Engravings, New South Wales
- Petroglyphmanandwoman.jpg
Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, New South Wales
- Ku-ring-gai Chase - petroglyph.jpg
Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, New South Wales
- Petroglyph - well endowed.JPG
Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, New South Wales
- Mutawintji National Park Petroglyph.JPG
Mutawintji National Park, New South Wales
- Burrup rock art.JPG
Burrup Peninsula, Western Australia
See alsoEdit
- Geoglyph
- History of communication
- List of Stone Age art
- Megalithic art
- Pecked curvilinear nucleated
- Petrosomatoglyph
- Runestone and image stone
- Water glyphs
ReferencesEdit
- Harmanşah, Ömür (ed) (2014), Of Rocks and Water: An Archaeology of Place, 2014, Oxbow Books, Template:ISBN, 9781782976745
- Rawson, Jessica (ed). The British Museum Book of Chinese Art, 2007 (2nd edn), British Museum Press, Template:ISBN
- Sickman, Laurence, in: Sickman L. & Soper A., The Art and Architecture of China, Pelican History of Art, 3rd ed 1971, Penguin (now Yale History of Art), LOC 70-125675
Further readingEdit
- Beckensall, Stan and Laurie, Tim, Prehistoric Rock Art of County Durham, Swaledale and Wensleydale, County Durham Books, 1998 Template:ISBN
- Beckensall, Stan, Prehistoric Rock Art in Northumberland, Tempus Publishing, 2001 Template:ISBN
External linksEdit
- Rock Art Studies: A Bibliographic Database Bancroft Library's citations to rock art literature.