Template:Short description Template:Primary sources {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Main other Ro is an a priori constructed language created by Rev. Edward Powell Foster beginning in 1904.
HistoryEdit
Rev. Edward Powell Foster worked on his "international language" for 25 years before compiling a dictionary which initially had 257 pages with more than 6,000 words. The local newspaper in Newark, Ohio, published a mention of Foster visiting the city in 1929 to deliver copies of his "Ro" dictionary.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the January 23, 1929, issue of The Evening Star newspaper, in the "Answers to Questions" column, and R.S. submitted the question "Is there a Ro dictionary?" The column editor, Frederic J. Haskin responded, "A dictionary of about 12,000 words in the Ro language was published in 1928. The first publication concerning Ro was distributed in 1906."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The January 25, 1922, issue of The Arizona Republican published an article entitle "Made-to-Order Language" which discussed "Ro" specifically; however, the article also states "We have received some literature relative to the 'Ro' language, from, we suppose its inventor, Rev. E. P. Foster, have spent some hours in vain trying to acquire head or tail of it... We do not think much of it. We believe too much in evolution to believe in made-to-order language... Still the men who are trying to bring us all into one language family are no wilder than the other idealists who are trying to bring us into one-nation family."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
CharacteristicsEdit
In Ro, words are constructed using a category system. For example, all words starting with "bofo-" signify colors; the word for red is "bofoc", and yellow is "bofof". Foster did not simply try to design a better language in general, but to optimize his language for one design criterion: recognizability of unknown words. Foster wrote about Ro:
After working on the language for about two years, Foster published the first booklet about Ro in 1906. The publication of Ro periodicals was supported by several American sponsors, especially from the Marietta, Ohio area, including Melvil Dewey,<ref name="Dict 6">Template:Cite book</ref> inventor of the Dewey Decimal Classification (another attempt to categorize human knowledge), Vice President Charles G. Dawes,<ref name="Dict 6"/> George White,<ref name="Dict 6"/> who mentioned Ro in the Congressional Record,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Alice Vanderbilt Morris of IALA.<ref name="Dict 6"/> Several more books about Ro by Foster and his wife appeared over the years, as late as 1932. The entirety of George White's mention of Ro in the Congressional Record reads: "By Mr. WHITE (by request) : Resolution (H. Res. 432) providing for an investigation of a new language known as Ro ; to the Committee on Education."<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
A common criticism of Ro is that it can be difficult to hear the difference between two words; usually one consonant makes the word different in meaning, but still similar enough that the intended meaning often cannot be guessed from context. This characteristic is common among philosophical languages, which are characterized by vocabulary developed taxonomically, independently of natural languages. A posteriori languages, such as Esperanto and Interlingua, are more popular than the a priori type, perhaps partly because their familiar vocabulary makes them easy to learn and recognize. Conversely, a priori languages are seen as being more neutral because there are so many languages and root words used in different languages may be completely different.
Solresol was an earlier classificatory language that by using a smaller symbol set achieved easier distinctness. There have been a few more recent attempts to design a language along similar lines, such as Ygyde<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the Japanese-made Babm, but most subsequent constructed language makers have avoided this taxonomic or hierarchic design for the reasons mentioned above.
Alphabet and pronunciationEdit
Ro is written with the Latin alphabet. The letters C, J, Q and X are pronounced as: /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /ŋ/ and /χ/ respectively. The vowels (A, E, I, O and U) are pronounced as in the Spanish language.<ref name=dicti>Template:Cite book</ref>
Sample textEdit
The following sample is from Esperanto, Elvish, and Beyond: The World of Constructed Languages. It is the last stanza of William Cullen Bryant's "Thanatopsis" translated into Ro by Foster himself:
EncodingEdit
Ro has been assigned the codes <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">qro</syntaxhighlight> and <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">art-x-rooo</syntaxhighlight> in the ConLang Code Registry.<ref name="clcr">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Ro forum on Yahoo Groups
- Dictionary of Ro on sorabji.com