1818

January 3 (21:52 UTC): Venus occults Jupiter for the last planetary occultation until 2065.

Template:Year article header

EventsEdit

File:Draisine1817.jpg

Original Laufmaschine of 1817 made to measure.

January–MarchEdit

January 1
- Battle of Koregaon: Troops of the British East India Company score a decisive victory over the Maratha Empire.
- English author Mary Shelley publishes the novel Frankenstein anonymously.
January 3 (21:52 UTC) – Venus occults Jupiter. It is the last occultation of one planet by another before November 22, 2065.
January 6 – The Treaty of Mandeswar brings an end to the Third Anglo-Maratha War, ending the dominance of Marathas, and enhancing the power of the British East India Company, which controls territory occupied by 180 million Indians.
January 12 – The Dandy horse (Laufmaschine bicycle) is patented by Karl Drais in Mannheim.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

February 3 – Jeremiah Chubb is granted a British patent for the Chubb detector lock.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

February 4 – Writer Walter Scott finds the Honours of Scotland in Edinburgh Castle.
February 5 – Upon his death, King Charles XIII of Sweden (Charles II of Norway) is succeeded on both thrones by his adoptive son Charles XIV/III John, starting the Royal House of Bernadotte.
February 11 – Marie André Cantillon attempts to assassinate the Duke of Wellington in Paris.
February 12 – Chilean Declaration of Independence from Spain is proclaimed in Chile.
March 15 – First Seminole War: General Andrew Jackson and his American army invade Florida.Template:Cn
March 22 – Easter Sunday in Western Christianity falls on its earliest possible date. In Western Christianity, it will not occur on this date again until 2285.

April–JuneEdit

File:BatallaDeMaipu.jpg

April 5: Battle of Maipú

April 1 – First Seminole War – Battle of Miccosukee, Florida: General Andrew Jackson defeats chief Kinhagee.
April 4 – The United States Congress adopts the flag of the United States as having thirteen red and white stripes, and one star for each state (twenty), with additional stars to be added whenever a new state is added to the Union.
April 5 – Chilean War of Independence – Battle of Maipú: Patriot rebels, led by José de San Martín, decisively defeat the Spanish Royalists.
April 7 – Brooks Brothers, the oldest men's clothier in the United States, opens its first store on the northeast corner of Catherine and Cherry Streets in New York City, where the later South Street Seaport stands.
April 14–August 9 – The United States Survey of the Coast operations is suspended.
April 18 – John Ross sets sail on his ship, the Isabella, in search of the Northwest Passage.<ref>Robert Huish, The Last Voyage of Capt. Sir John Ross, R.N. to the Arctic Regions (J. Saunders, 1835) p77</ref>
May 11
- Charles XIV of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Sweden.
- The Old Vic Theatre is founded (as the Royal Coburg Hall) in London.
- The Westmorland Gazette is first published at Kendal in the Lake District of England; in July, Thomas De Quincey will begin a 16-month term as editor.
June 3 – Baji Rao II, Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy, surrenders to Sir John Malcolm of the British East India Company, bringing an end to the Third Anglo-Maratha War and giving the company control of almost all of modern-day India.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
June 10 – The British Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister Jenkinson, and new elections are scheduled for August 4 for the House of Commons.<ref name=Styles>John Styles, Memoirs of the Life of the Right Hon. George Canning, Volume 2 (Thomas Tegg, 1828) pp270-273</ref>
June 11 – Prince William, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews, third oldest son of King George III and the future King William IV of the United Kingdom, marries Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.<ref>John Burke, A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire (Henry Colburn Co., 1833) p xxxiii</ref>
June 18 – At least 34 people are killed in Switzerland, when the melting of a glacier releases the natural dam of Lac de Mauvoisin, sending the waters of the lake and the Dranse River into the valley of Bagnes.<ref>Jean Frédéric Ostervald, et al., Picturesque Tour from Geneva to Milan, by Way of the Simplon (R. Ackermann, 1820) pp43-44</ref>
June – Battle of Kafir Qala: The Afghans defeat a Persian invasion.Template:Cn

July–SeptemberEdit

July 1 – After a war that began on November 5, 1817, the forces of the East India Company defeat Baji Rao II in battle and acquire control over the Maratha Empire.<ref>The Oriental Herald and Journal of General Literature April 1826. p. 150.</ref>
July 3 – English poet Lord Byron, resident in Italy, begins work on his satirical epic Don Juan. Although he completes the first canto by September 19, he will die in 1824 before he can finish the poem, after completing 16 cantos and working on the 17th.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
July 11 – The Bank of the United States reverses its policy of expanding credit, and sends notices to its borrowers nationwide demanding immediate repayment of balances due; the defaults during the next six months will trigger the Panic of 1819.<ref>"Congressional Register", Niles Weekly Register July 3, 1824. p. 251.</ref>
July 15 – U.S. President James Monroe convenes a cabinet meeting, to discuss whether General Andrew Jackson's unauthorized invasion and conquest of Spanish Florida should be disavowed by the White House. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams persuades the President that the action is justifiable, in stopping terror caused by the Seminole tribes.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
July 29 – French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light" to the French Academy of Sciences, precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.
July 31 – The first newspaper in Cleveland, Ohio is issued by publisher Andrew Logan.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Using the original name of the small settlement (population 172), Logan names the weekly paper The Cleaveland Gazette & Commercial Register.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
August 1 – A separate Topographical Bureau of the United States Department of War is established.
August 4 – 1818 United Kingdom general election for the House of Commons. The Tory Party, led by Prime Minister Robert Jenkinson, retains its control of the government but loses some seats.<ref name=Styles/>
September 7 – Carl III of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.
September 23 – Border markers are formally installed for the European territory of Moresnet.
September – Sir Stamford Raffles sets out to visit Lord Hastings, Governor-General of India, to gain his approval to establish a trading station at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula (modern-day Singapore).

October–DecemberEdit

October 5 – Claudine Thévenet (known as Mary of St. Ignatius) founds the Roman Catholic order Religieuses de Jésus-Marie ("Religious of Jesus And Mary") in Lyon, France.
October 20 – A treaty between the U.S. and the United Kingdom establishes the boundary between the U.S. and British North America as the 49th parallel, from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains, also creating the Northwest Angle.
November 11 – Anglo-Chinese College is founded by Robert Morrison in Malacca (later renamed Ying Wa College).
November 16 – The Saint Louis Academy, which later becomes Saint Louis University, is founded by Reverend Louis William Valentine Dubourg in the United States.
December 3 – Illinois is admitted as the 21st U.S. state.
December 13 – Cyril VI of Constantinople quits his place as an Ecumenical Patriarch.
December 24 – The Christmas carol "Silent Night" (Stille Nacht), with words by the priest Josef Mohr, set to music by organist Franz Xaver Gruber, is first performed at St. Nikolaus Parish Church, in Oberndorf bei Salzburg, Austria.

Date unknownEdit

Catholic–Orthodox clash in Aleppo.
The first edition of the Farmers' Almanac is published in the United States.
The first Serbian dictionary is published by Vuk Karadžić.
Besses o' th' Barn Brass Band is formed in Whitefield, near Manchester in the north of England, by this date.
The Barakzai brothers expel Mahmud Shah and the Sadozais out of Afghanistan, dividing the provinces up amongst themselves.
Akure–Benin War, Benin invasion of Akure

BirthsEdit

January–JuneEdit

File:Karl Marx 001.jpg

Karl Marx

File:Alexander II of Russia photo.jpg

Alexander II of Russia

File:Koningin Sophie Württemberg.jpg

Sophie of Württemberg

January 1 – J. P. C. Emmons, American attorney and politician (d. 1877)
January 30 – Artúr Görgey, Hungarian military general, politician (d. 1916)
February 4 – Emperor Norton, San Francisco eccentric and visionary (d. 1880)
February 13 – Angelica Singleton Van Buren, Acting First Lady of the United States (d. 1877)
February 14 – Frederick Douglass (his day of birth was never established; he adopted this date), American abolitionist author, statesman (d. 1895)
February 18 – Pedro Figueredo, Cuban poet, musician, and freedom writer (d. 1870)
March 11 – Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville, French chemist (d. 1881)
March 22 – John Ainsworth Horrocks, English-born explorer of South Australia (d. 1846)
March 24 – William E. Le Roy, American admiral (d. 1888)
March 28 – Wade Hampton III, Confederate soldier and South Carolinian politician (d. 1902)
April 4 – Thomas Mayne Reid, Irish-American novelist (d. 1883)
April 6 – Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, Norwegian journalist and poet (d. 1870)
April 8 –
- King Christian IX of Denmark (d. 1906)
- August Wilhelm von Hofmann, German chemist (d. 1892)
April 17 – Emperor Alexander II of Russia (d. 1881)
April 19 – Sir Arthur Elton, 7th Baronet, English writer, Liberal Party politician (d. 1883)
May 5 – Karl Marx, German political philosopher, co-author of The Communist Manifesto (d. 1883)
May 27 – Amelia Bloomer, American dress reformer, women's rights activist (d. 1894)
June 3 – Louis Faidherbe, French general and colonial administrator (d. 1889)
June 17
- Sophie of Württemberg, Dutch queen (d. 1877)
- Charles Gounod, French composer (d. 1893)
June 18 – Angelo Secchi, Italian astronomer (d. 1878)

July–DecemberEdit

File:Emily Brontë by Patrick Branwell Brontë restored.jpg

Emily Brontë

File:Hermann Kolbe2.jpg

Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe

File:Joule James sitting.jpg

James Prescott Joule

July 1 – Ignaz Semmelweis, Hungarian physician, obstetrician (d. 1865)
July 18 – Louis Gerhard De Geer, 1st Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1896)
July 22 – J. Gregory Smith, Vermont governor (d. 1891)
July 27 – Agostino Roscelli, Italian priest, founder of the Institute of Sisters of the Immaculata (d. 1902)
July 30
- Emily Brontë, British novelist (d. 1848)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation