Template:Use mdy dates Template:About year Template:Year nav
Template:C16 year in topic Year 1564 (MDLXIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
EventsEdit
January–MarchEdit
- January 26 – Livonian War – Battle of Ula: A Lithuanian surprise attack results in a decisive defeat of the numerically superior Russian forces.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- February 7 (11th waning of Tabodwe 925 ME) – Burmese–Siamese War: Invaders from Burma overcome the seaside defenses of the Siamese capital at Ayutthava, capturing the batteries of cannons and a set of ships sent by Portugal to help defend the kingdom.<ref name=Harvey>G. E. Harvey, History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 (Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., 1925) pp.167-168</ref>
- February 18 (8th waxing of Tabaung 925 ME) – The Burmese–Siamese War ends with the surrender of King Maha Chakkraphat of Ayutthaya (now Thailand) to King Bayinnaung of Burma). Chhakkraphat is allowed to go into exile and his son Mahinthrathirat is installed by Bayinnaung as the vassal king of Ayutthaya.<ref name=Harvey/>
- February 19 – Francisco Coutinho III, Count of Redondo and the Viceroy of Portuguese India, dies and is succeeded by João de Mendonça Furtado
- February 20 – A group of four men assassinate the Spanish Viceroy of Peru, Diego López de Zúñiga, 4th Count of Nieva. López is succeeded temporarily by Hernando de Saavedra.<ref>Raúl Porras Barrenechea and Rubén Vargas Ugarte, Historia general de los Peruanos, Volume 2, El Perú Virreinal (Talleres Gráficos, 1977)</ref>
- March 25 – Battle of Angol in Chile: Spanish Conquistador Lorenzo Bernal del Mercado defeats and kills the toqui Illangulién.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
April–JuneEdit
- April 20 – French explorer René Goulaine de Laudonnière and a group of 300 Huguenot Protestants depart from Le Havre on three ships (L'Élisabeth , Le Faucon and Le Breton) to colonize what is now the U.S. state of Florida.<ref>Bernard Le Nail, L'almanach de la Bretagne ("The Almanac of Brittany") (Larousse, 2003)</ref>
- May 31 – The Swedish warship Mars, flagship of the Swedish Navy, catches fire while fighting against the navy of Denmark in the battle of Öland off of the coast of the island of the same name in the Baltic Sea, and sinks along with its crew of 350 sailors and 450 soldiers it had been transporting. The wreckage of the ship will go undiscovered for 447 years until being found on August 19, 2011.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- June 22 – French settlers abandon Charlesfort, the first French attempt at colonizing what is now the United States, and, with the help of a relief force commanded by René Goulaine, establish Fort Caroline in Florida, near what is now the city of Jacksonville.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
July–SeptemberEdit
- July 2 In India, the Mughal Emperor Akbar departs from the capital, Agra (now located in the state of Uttar Pradesh on the pretext of hunting elephants, in order to conceal his true purpose of punishing the rebel governor of Malwa, Abdullah Khan Ubzeg.<ref>Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava, Akbar the Great: Political History, 1542-1605 A.D. (Shiva Lal Agarwala, 1962) pp.357-364</ref>
- July 24 (Full moon of Wagaung 926 ME) – In Burma (now Myanmar), Min Sekkya becomes the new King of Arakan when his half-brother, King Min Saw Hla, dies at age 31 after a long illness.
- July 25 – Maximilian II becomes the new Holy Roman Emperor upon the death of his father, Ferdinand I. Ferdinand's son Charles succeeds his father as the new Archduke of Austria.
- August 1 – Judge Francisco Ceinos becomes the new Viceroy of New Spain upon the death of Luís de Velasco.
- August 6 – In India Akbar, ruler of the Mughal Empire, defeats the rebellious governor of Malwa, Abdullah Khan Uzbeg. The defeat comes the day after the Imperial Army's arrival at Indore, now in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
- August 14 – Sweden's Army fights a second naval battle at Öland against Denmark and captures three Danish Navy ships (Böse Lejonet, Morian, and David) and 600 men.
- August 28 – King Eric XIV of Sweden, who has been commanding the Swedish Army himself since the start of the Northern Seven Years' War, turns over the responsibility to Nils Boije, who captures Varberg from Denmark.
- September 4 – The Ronneby Bloodbath takes place in Ronneby, Denmark (now in Sweden).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- September 10 – Battle of Kawanakajima in Japan: Takeda Shingen fights the forces of Uesugi Kenshin for the final time, to a draw.
- September 28 – English merchant Anthony Jenkinson returns to London from his second expedition to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, having gained a considerable extension of trading rights for the English Muscovy Company.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
October–DecemberEdit
- October 10 – Lucrezia Di Siena, the first well-known female actress in Europe, begins her career by signing a contract with the Commedia dell'arte theatre company in Rome.
- October 23 – King Bayinnaung of Burma leads 64,000 men, 3,600 horses and 330 elephants on an invasion of the Lan Na kingdom (now part of Laos.<ref name=Yazawin>Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 276–278</ref>
- October 30 – The Duchy of Savoy signs the Treaty of Lausanne with the Swiss canton of Bern and relinquishes all claims to the canton of Vaud.
- November 21 – Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi sails from Mexico.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Later, he will conquer the Philippine Islands, founding Manila.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- November 25 – When four divisions of the Burmese Army arrive at Lamphun, Template:Convert from Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai's defenses flee the city.<ref name=Yazawin/> Bayinnaung spares the life of King Mekuti of Lan Na, and then spends next four months administering the annexed territory.
- December 3 – Ivan the Terrible, Tsar of all the Russias, sends his government a letter of abdication, ostensibly because of embezzlement and treason by the aristocracy and the clergy.<ref>Isabel de Madariaga, Ivan the Terrible, First Tsar of Russia (Yale University Press, 2005) pp. 176–178</ref> Ivan leaves Moscow and moves to the city of Alexandrovskaya Sloboda, taking with him the relics of the palace and most of his royal court, until being persuaded to return in February on the promise that he will have absolute power.
- December 7 – King Charles IX of France agrees to the terms of a treaty with the cantons of Switzerland, agreeing for French payment of debts owed to the Swiss for loans made to Charles's father, King Henri II.<ref>James Thompson, The Wars of Religion in France 1559-1576: The Huguenots, Catherine de Medici and Philip II (Chicago University Press, 1909) pp.241-242</ref>
Date unknownEdit
- The first recorded report is made of a "rat king".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- approx. date – Idris Alooma starts to rule the Kanem-Bornu Empire.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- The first Scottish Psalter is published.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
BirthsEdit
- January 1 – Šurhaci, Chinese prince (d. 1611)
- February 15 – Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and physicist (d. 1642)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- February 26 (baptized) – Christopher Marlowe, English dramatist and poet (d. 1593)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- March 7 – Pierre Coton, French Jesuit and royal confessor (d. 1626)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- March 9 – David Fabricius, Frisian astronomer (d. 1617)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- March 15 – William Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg (d. 1642)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- March 20 – Thomas Morton, English bishop (d. 1659)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- April – Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (d. 1632)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
- April 2 – William Bathe, Irish Jesuit priest (d. 1614)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- April 26 (baptized) – William Shakespeare, English dramatist and poet (d. 1616)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- April 30 – Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll, Scottish noble (d. 1631)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
- May 27 – Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Ferrara, Italian noble, patron of the arts (d. 1618)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- June 11 – Joseph Heintz the Elder, Swiss artist (d. 1609)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- June 12 – John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (d. 1633)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- June 28 – Cort Aslakssøn, Norwegian astronomer (d. 1624)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- July 6 – Johanna Sibylla of Hanau-Lichtenberg, Countess consort of Wied-Runkel and Isenburg (d. 1636)
- August 18 – Federico Borromeo, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (d. 1631)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- August 24 – Patrick Forbes, bishop in the Church of Scotland (d. 1635)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- September 13 – Vincenzo Giustiniani, Italian banker and art collector (d. 1637)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- September 24 – William Adams, English navigator and samurai (d. 1620)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- September 25 – Magnus Brahe, Swedish noble (d. 1633)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- September 28 – Sibylla of Anhalt, Duchess consort of Württemberg (1593-1608) (d. 1614)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- October 15 – Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1589-1613) (d. 1613)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- October 26 – Hans Leo Hassler, German composer and organist (d. 1612)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- November 3 (baptized) – Francisco Pacheco, Spanish artist (d. 1644)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- November 22 – Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, English peer and traitor (d. 1618)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- November 24 – Joseph Gaultier de la Vallette, French astronomer (d. 1647)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- December 25
- Johannes Buxtorf, German Calvinist theologian (d. 1629)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Nicolaus Mulerius, Dutch astronomer and medical academic (d. 1630)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- December 31 – Ernest II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German ruler (d. 1611)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- approximate date – Xue Susu, Chinese artist<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- date unknown
- Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (d. 1638)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Daniel Chamier, French minister of religion (d. 1621)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Kryštof Harant z Polžic a Bezdružic, Bohemian composer and Protestant rebel (d. 1621)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Pedro Páez, Spanish Jesuit missionary to Ethiopia (d. 1622)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Thomas Shirley, English privateer (d. c.1634)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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DeathsEdit
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- January 9 – Margaret Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (b. 1540)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
- February 18 – Michelangelo, Italian artist, architect and sculptor (b. 1475)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- February 19 – Guillaume Morel, French classical scholar (b. 1505)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- March 5 – Isabella Losa, Spanish scholar (b. 1491)<ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref>
- March 27 – Lütfi Pasha, Albanian-born Ottoman statesman, juridical scholar and poet of slave origin (b. c. 1488)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
- April – Pierre Belon, French naturalist (b. 1517)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
- April 9 – Georg Hartmann, German instrument maker (b. 1489)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- May 2 – Cardinal Rodolfo Pio da Carpi, Italian humanist and patron of the arts (b. 1500)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- May 27 – John Calvin, French Protestant reformer (b. 1509)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- June 24 – Rani Durgavati, Indian queen (b. 1524)
- July 23 – Eléanor de Roucy de Roye, French noble (b. 1535)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- July 25 – Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1503)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- July 31 – Luís de Velasco, Viceroy of New Spain (b. 1511)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- August 10 – Miyoshi Nagayoshi, Japanese samurai and daimyō (b. 1522)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- August 30 – Duchess Sabina of Bavaria (b. 1492)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- October 5 – Pierre de Manchicourt, Flemish composer<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- October 6 – Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1518)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- October 15 – Andreas Vesalius, Flemish anatomist (b. 1514)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- October 18 – Johannes Acronius Frisius, German physician and mathematician (b. 1520)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- December 6 – Ambrosius Blarer, influential German reformer in southern Germany and north-eastern Switzerland (b. 1492)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- date unknown
- Giovanni da Udine, Italian painter (b. 1487)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Purandara Dasa, Indian musician (b. 1484)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Charles Estienne, French anatomist (b. 1503)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
- Isabella de Luna, Spanish-Italian courtesan<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- probable – Maurice Scève, French poet (b. 1500)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>