Jugemu

Template:Short description Template:Italic title Template:More citations needed Template:Nihongo is a famous Template:Transliteration story,<ref name="TJF2005">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a form of Japanese spoken entertainment. It has a simple story, with the most humorous part being the repetition of a ridiculously long name. It is often used in training for Template:Transliteration entertainers.

PlotEdit

File:Jugemu performed by Tachibanaya Kakitsu II.oga

Rakugo "Jugemu" performed by Template:Interlanguage link

A couple could not think of a suitable name for their newborn son. The father went to the local temple and asked the chief priest to think of an auspicious name. The priest suggested "Jugemu" ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), and several other names. The father could not decide which name he preferred, and therefore, gave the baby all of the names.

Jugemu's full name is:

<poem> Template:Nihongo Template:Nihongo Template:Nihongo Template:Nihongo Template:Nihongo Template:Nihongo Template:Nihongo Template:Nihongo Template:Nihongo Template:Nihongo</poem> (the NHK Template:Transliteration version,<ref name="NHK_Nihongo">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}(Video in the archive does not work.)</ref> partially replaced with kanji)

In one version of the tale, Jugemu got into a fight with a friend one day, and the friend suffered a large bump on his head. In protest, he went crying to Jugemu's parents. However, due to the amount of time it took to recite his name, by the time he finished, the bump on his head had already healed.<ref name="Fukuenyu1912_Jugemu">Template:Cite book

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Another version states that Jugemu fell into a well and drowned; everyone who had to pass along the news spent a lot of time reciting his entire name.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In yet another variant, Jugemu fell into a lake, and his parents barely arrived in time to save him.

Interpretation of Jugemu's nameEdit

Each part of Jugemu's name that the priest had suggested has an auspicious meaning:

Jugemu: "limitless life".<ref name="NHK_Nihongo" />
Gokō-no Surikire: "five Template:Transliteration of rubbing off (the rock)". In Japanese Buddhist lore, a heavenly maiden would visit the human world once in every three thousand years, leaving friction marks on a huge rock with her dress. Eventually, the rock would wear down to nothing<ref name="NHK_Nihongo" /> in the span of one Template:Transliteration, or 4 billion (Template:Val) years. The priest thus blesses the child to live at least 20 billion (Template:Val) years, essentially for eternity.
Kaijarisuigyo: "gravel in the sea and fish in water". The amount of gravel and number of fish in the world is meant to represent the degree of the child's luck and fortune.
Suigyōmatsu: "where water eventually goes". Because water is free to go anywhere, the child is blessed with boundless well-being wherever he goes.
Unraimatsu: "where clouds originally come". Because clouds come from anywhere, this is similar to the above.
Fūraimatsu: "where wind originally comes". Similar to the above.
Kuunerutokoro: "places to eat and sleep".<ref name="NHK_Nihongo" /> It is fortunate to have both food and shelter at any time.
Sumutokoro: "places to live".<ref name="NHK_Nihongo" /> Same as above.
Yaburakōji-no burakōji: "Ardisia japonica (marlberry) bushes in Yabura Trail". The plant's modern Japanese name is [[:ja:ヤブコウジ|Template:Transliteration]], and it is considered to be imbued with energy year-round.<ref name="NHK_Nihongo" /> Template:Transliteration has no inherent meaning, but is inferred to be Template:Transliteration with the pluralizing Template:Transliteration suffix.
Paipo, Shūringan, Gūrindai, Ponpokopī, Ponpokonā: These are invented names of a kingdom and royal family in Ancient China. Paipo was a rich and peaceful kingdom, where King Shūringan and Queen Gūrindai reigned. They gave birth to Princess Ponpokopī and Princess Ponpokonā, and all of them enjoyed longevity.<ref name="NHK_Nihongo" />
Chōkyūmei: "long and lasting life".<ref name="NHK_Nihongo" />
Chōsuke: "blessed for a long time".

HistoryEdit

Template:See also

Japanese folklore studies classify "Jugemu" as a variant of tale type The Child with a Long Name.<ref name="NMTs_R2_1998">Template:Cite book</ref> In the English speaking world, children's literature of this type is known by the titles "Tikki Tikki Tembo" and "Nicki Nicki Tembo".

An early version of this type is "Template:Transliteration" ('Sunk down the waters for greed'), in a book of jokes published in 1703, created by Template:Transliteration comedian Yonezawa Hikohachi.<ref name="YokukaraShizumu1966" /> In it, a stepmother renames her sons. The stepson whom she hates is given a short name Template:Transliteration, and her precious own son given a long Template:Transliteration. One day, Template:Transliteration falls into a river, but people swiftly rescue him. Another day, the mother's own son is swept by the river. She cries "Somebody, please! Template:Transliteration is drowning!", but the boy is lost to the river as no-one comes to save him due to the time it takes her to say his name.<ref name="YokukaraShizumu1966">Transcribed text: Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="hanashitext_YokukaraShizumu">Text data: {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both names are garbled forms of phrases taken from Sino-Japanese readings of Chinese Buddhist sutras.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref><ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> The punchline is a Japanese pun involving the word Template:Transliteration.<ref name="YokukaraShizumu1966" />

A book of horror stories published in 1805 contains "Template:Transliteration" ('A tale of a man who named his son with a strange name, and regretted it'). In it, a man wishes to name his first son with a unique and long name. He consults a Confucian scholar, who recommends the name Template:Transliteration. A tutor of Japanese poetry sneers at this, opposing such use of foreign language to name a Japanese's son. The tutor proposes Template:Transliteration, a traditional poem of good fortune. The scholar and the tutor starts quarrelling, so the father decides to make the name by himself. He solemnly declares it will be Template:Transliteration.

One day, the boy falls into a well. People panic to rescue the boy, but for every message they recite the long name. The boy dies, "blue and swollen".<ref name="Kikigakiamayonotomo1805">Template:Cite book (Bunka 2 = approximately 1805 CE)</ref>Template:Efn<ref name="Kikigakiamayonotomo2000">Transcription and commentary:Template:Cite book</ref>

The name by the Confucian is taken from a translated Chinese Confucian textbook about Great Learning.<ref name="SishuJizhu1766">Example: Template:Cite book A Meiwa 3 (=1766 CE) reprint of a classic Chinese textbook.</ref> The poem that the tutor referred to, in its original form Template:Transliteration, is a palindrome<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> of Japanese morae (similar to syllables). The story gives no explanation of the origin or meanings of "TekitekiniTemplate:Interp". The book was written by a storywriter and storyteller with pen name Tozuisha.<ref name="Kikigakiamayonotomo2000" />

The name "Jugemu" appears in a 1884 magazine article,<ref name="TokyoKeizaiZasshi18840726">Facsimile: Template:Cite magazine</ref>Template:Efn and the full story in a 1912 book.<ref name="Fukuenyu1912_Jugemu" /> Another 1912 document suggests that the Template:Transliteration story of "Jugemu" may have existed by the mid-19th century.<ref name="KaidannoShodo1912">Biography of a rakugo performer Hayashiya Shōzō the Fifth (ja:林家正蔵#5代目). Published as a serial (literature) on a Japanese newspaper.

Template:Cite news
- excerpts: Hayashiya Shōdō is now 89 years old. He recently changed his stage-name from Shōzō to Shōdō.
- excerpts: When he was 18 years old (in East Asian age reckoning#Japan), he entered apprenticeship to rakugo master Hayashiya Shōzō the Second (ja:林家正蔵#2代目).
Template:Cite news
- excerpts: He received a stage-name Shōkyō. His "Jigemu Jigemu" performance was good. Master Hayashiya Shōzō (the Second) was impressed, so adopted Shōkyō as a son.
- excerpts: But Shōkyō became arrogant. When he was 22 years old (in East Asian age reckoning), during around the Ansei era, he ran away from Master.
Template:Cite news
- excerpts: Years later, when Shōkyō came back, he found that Master Hayashiya Shōzō had already died in Ansei 5.
Notes (not in the text):
- The article describes that Shōkyō runaway was in Ansei era, approximately 1855–1860 CE. However, this does not match with his age "22", which is calculated to be roughly around 1845 (1912 CE - 89 years old + 22 years old =1845 CE). But in either case, the article is suggesting that "Jigemu Jigemu" existed before 1860.
- No information about the storyline of the said "Jigemu Jigemu".

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According to a memoire published in 1927, there was another Template:Transliteration performed around the 1880s.<ref name="Noguchi1927">Template:Cite journal</ref>Template:Efn In it, the first child is named by a Shinto priest, but dies in infancy; the parents ask a Buddhist priest to name their second child. The name is Template:Transliteration,<ref name="Noguchi1930">A 1930 reprint of Noguchi1927 with corrections: Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Efn taken from a dharani (Buddhist chant) in chapter 26 of the Lotus Sutra. One day the child falls into a well and drowns; the punchline is dark humor relating Buddhist chants to Japanese funerals.<ref name="Noguchi1930" /><ref name="NewYorkTimes2008">In modern Japan, Buddhism rites are mostly associated with funerals: {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>"dabudabu" can mean the watery noise of drowning, or the sound of a Buddhist chant: Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> This version is titled "Template:Nihongo".<ref name="KatsuraBeicho_Notes2_2020" /> By the mid-20th century, it was no longer performed.<ref name="KatsuraBeicho_Notes2_2020">Template:Cite book</ref>

"Jugemu" is performed not only in Template:Transliteration (Template:Transliteration theaters), but also to other audiences and on mass media, especially for children.

"Jugemu" was on a 1926 newspaper's radio broadcast program, with the full name printed.<ref name="YomiuriShimbun19260108">Template:Cite news</ref> There was another broadcast in 1932, this time for children, and the name printed on newspaper again.<ref name="AsahiShimbun19330726">Template:Cite news</ref> The story is told in children's magazines from as early as 1926.<ref name="ShonenKurabu1926-06">Template:Cite journal</ref> Even a prominent Japanese dictionary Template:Transliteration describes the full name, since its 1991 edition.<ref name="Kojien1991">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> Television stations broadcast it also in children's programs.<ref name="NHK_eTV19890508">Example: {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2003, NHK children's TV program Template:Transliteration ("Let's play with Japanese language") featured a game of reciting the name from memory. The program proved popular.<ref name="Sakagami2011">Template:Cite journal (TOC: 学会誌『チャイルド・サイエンスVOL.7』2011年03月発刊) (日本賞=Japan Prize (NHK))</ref> There were schools that make all pupils memorize and recite it.<ref name="MainichiShimbun20031127">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Since 2005, several elementary school textbooks include "Jugemu".<ref name="Nakashima2005">Template:Cite thesis</ref>

Cultural referencesEdit

Template:In popular culture

Lakitu, the cloud-riding turtle-dropping enemy character of the Super Mario Bros. video game series is called 'Jugemu' in Japanese versions of the game. In a similar reference, the eggs Lakitu drop, which turn into Spinies, are referred to as 'Paipo' in Japan, despite only being referred to as "Spiny's Eggs" or "Spiny Eggs" in English.<ref>Legends Of Localization: Super Mario Bros.</ref> The spiked balls thrown by Spikes and blown in the air by Ptooies are called Template:Transliteration in another reference. Additionally, two Lakitus by the name of Lakilester and Lakilulu are named 'Pokopī' and 'Pokona' in the Japanese version of Paper Mario.

Jugemu's full name is quoted in the song Template:Nihongo by Japanese rock band KANA-BOON.

Jugemu (#40) is a colossal underground monster appearing to be only a tiny twig with a single leaf on the surface in the video game Star Ocean: Blue Sphere.

"Jugemu-jugemu gokōnosurikire sammy-davis broilerchicken" is the chant Sasami uses to turn into Pretty Sammy in the Japanese anime Magical Girl Pretty Sammy.

In a short included as a DVD extra for the Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood anime series, the character known only by the mononym "Scar" reveals he shares his name with Jugemu; the character King Bradley (who is known to have adopted the name Bradley, originally bearing only the moniker "Wrath") then reveals that it happens to be his real name as well (though Bradley's voice actor repeatedly misses the third "Paipo"). They continue saying it while preparing for battle, until Scar, in reciting the name, accidentally bites his tongue.

Gintama has a monkey whose full name also starts with "Jugemu Jugemu", known for his vulgar habits. Trying to find a middle ground, the main characters have adopted a very long name which included insults regarding feces, certain species of fish and squid, as well as references to Final Fantasy IV and the Japanese rock duo B'z.

Jugemu's full name is recited in the lyrics of Template:Transliteration, the ending theme to Template:Transliteration, a manga and anime about a troupe of female Template:Transliteration performers.

Lucy from Servant × Service also shares the similar fate as Jugemu (having a long name with a similar origin) and when she first reveals her name her co-workers remark that she is a "modern day Jugemu Jugemu".

In Capcom's Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Spirit of Justice (2016), case 4, "Turnabout Storyteller", contains multiple references to different Template:Transliteration, including Jugemu. At the beginning of the trial, the prosecutor Nahyuta Sahdmadhi is questioned about his knowledge on Template:Transliteration, and in response offers to read Jugemu, and begins the story, before being cut off by Athena Cykes in order to return focus to the trial at hand. In the original Japanese version, he instead recites the full name of Jugemu. A character appearing in the case, Geiru Toneido, also has a dog called Jugemu, named after the story. Later in the game, it is revealed that one of the game's antagonists, Inga Karkhuul Khura'in, in reality has a Jugemu-esque name: Inga Karkhuul Haw'kohd Dis'nahm Bi'ahni Lawga Ormo Pohmpus Da'nit Ar'edi Iz Khura'in III; his middle names are pronounced as "How could this name be any longer or more pompous than it already is?"

Jugemu's name is featured prominently in an episode of Template:Transliteration. Two of the main characters perform it for a kindergarten their son attends.

In Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA Arcade, Miku Flick/02, and Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA Future Tone, a Vocaloid producer named "Vocaliod-P" made a song named "Jugemu Sequencer" <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which was inspired by Jugemu. This song has reached the Hall of Fame.

In episode 21 of Kamen Rider Fourze, the Template:Transliteration club can be heard practicing Jugemu when JK and Ryusei come to speak to one of the members.

In episode 33 of Tropical-Rouge! Pretty Cure, the five main characters come up with new attack names. Instead of choosing one, they combine them all into a really long attack name with several words from Jugemu's full name being a part of it.

In Overlord, many members of the Goblin Troop are named after Jugemu Jugemu, such as "Gokou", "Unlai", and "Yaburo".

In the manga series Akane-banashi, the protagonist Akane, a trainee Rakugo performer, is challenged to win a Rakugo competition by performing the Jugemu story.

Two minor characters from One Piece are named Jugemu Jugemuko and Chokyumei-no Chosuke.