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Ansei

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Template:Nihongo was a Template:Nihongo after Kaei and before Man'en. This period spanned the years from November 1854 through March 1860.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Ansei" Template:Google books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.</ref> The reigning emperor was Template:Nihongo.

Change of eraEdit

  • November 27, 1854 (Template:Nihongo): The new era name of Ansei (meaning "tranquil government") was created to herald the beginning of a peaceful period. The impetus and explanation for this change of era names was said to have been the burning of the Palace in Kyoto in the preceding summer.<ref name="s11">Satow, Ernest Mason. (1905). Japan 1853–1864, Or, Genji Yume Monogatari, p. 11.</ref>

The new era name was derived from an hortatory aphorism: "Rule peacefully over the masses, then the ruler will remain in his place" (庶民安政、然後君子安位矣).

Although the notion seems appealing, the arrival of the Black Ships and Commodore Matthew C. Perry is not specifically recognized as a factor in the change of era names.

Events of the Ansei eraEdit

  • 1854 (Ansei 1): The Ansei-Tōkai Quake (安政東海地震, Ansei Tōkai Jishin) was an 8.4 magnitude earthquake which struck on December 23, 1854. The epicenter ranged from Suruga Bay to the deep ocean, and struck primarily in the Tōkai region, but destroyed houses as far away as in Edo. The accompanying tsunami caused damage along the entire coast from the Bōsō Peninsula in modern-day Chiba Prefecture to Tosa Province (modern-day Kōchi Prefecture)<ref name="ansei_daijishin">_____. (2007). Template:Nihongo in Template:Nihongo, p. 253.</ref>
  • 1854 (Ansei 1): The Ansei-Nankai Quake (安政南海地震, Ansei Nankai Jishin) was an 8.4 magnitude earthquake which struck on December 24, 1854. Over 10,000 people from the Tōkai region down to Kyushu were killed.<ref name="ansei_daijishin"/>
  • 1855 (Ansei 2): Work was begun on re-constructing the Imperial Palace after the devastating fire of Kaei 7, and the project was completed in nine months.<ref name="p324">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794–1869. p. 324.</ref>
  • 1855 (Ansei 2, 21st day of the 11th month): The emperor moved into the reconstructed palace, having previously lived in the Shōgo-in and then Katsura-no-miya. The people were permitted to view the grand Imperial progress.<ref name="p324"/>
  • November 11, 1855 (Ansei 2): 1855 Edo earthquake, one of the Ansei great earthquakes, with resulting fire damage and loss of life.<ref>Smitts, Gregory. "Shaking up Japan: Edo Society and the 1855 Catfish Picture Prints" Journal of Social History, No 39, No. 4, Summer 2006.</ref> Epicenter – (Latitude: 36.000/Longitude: 140.000), 6.9 magnitude on the Richter Scale.<ref>"Significant Earthquake Database" U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)</ref>
  • November 15, 1857 (Ansei 4): Nagasaki Medical School is opened. Dr. Pompe van Meerdevoort gave the first formal public lecture on medical and surgical sciences at the new school, which became as well the first such lecture to be delivered in any Japanese venue.<ref>Whitney, Willis Norton. (1885). "Notes on the history of medical progress in Japan", Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, pp. 841–842.</ref>
  • 1858–1860 (Ansei 5-Ansei 7): Cholera outbreak is believed to have killed between 100,000 and 200,000 people in Edo alone.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • April 9, 1858 (Ansei 5): The 1858 Hietsu earthquake kills hundreds.
  • 1858 (Ansei 5): The initial establishment of Keio University, seven years before the beginning of the Keio era; nevertheless, the university was named after the later era. This is the oldest existing institution of higher learning in Japan.<ref>Ozaki, Yukio. (2001). The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio, p. 21.</ref>
  • July 29, 1859 (Ansei 5): Tairō Ii Naosuke signs Japanese-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce (also known as the "Harris Treaty"), which was a follow-up to the 1854 Treaty of Kanagawa.<ref>Cullen, Louis. (2003). A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds, p. 180–186.</ref>
  • 1858 (Ansei 5): Beginning of Ansei Purge at the order of Ii Naosuke on behalf of the bakufu.<ref>Cullen, pp. 184–188.</ref>
  • 1860 (Ansei 7): Fire at Edo Castle.
File:SakuradaGate2.jpg
Edo Castle's Sakurada Gate (Sakurada-mon): The assassination of Ii Naosuke occurred nearby.
  • March 24, 1860 (Man'en 1): Ii Naosuke was assassinated, also known as the "Sakurada-mon Incident"<ref>Kusunoki, pp. 52–66; Cullen, p. 184.</ref>

See alsoEdit

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