Template:Short description Template:About Template:Infobox river
The Southern Bug, also called Southern Buh<ref name="EB-Southern_Buh">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> (Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Template:Langx or just {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}),<ref name="EB-Southern_Buh"/> and sometimes Boh River (Template:Langx; Template:Langx),<ref name=eou>Boh River at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine</ref> is a navigable river located in Ukraine. It is the second-longest river flowing exclusively in Ukraine.
While located in relatively close proximity, the river should not be confused with Western Bug or Bug which flows in opposite direction towards Baltics. The source of the Southern Bug is in the west of Ukraine, in the Volhynian-Podolian Upland, about Template:Convert from the Polish border, from where it flows southeasterly into the Bug Estuary (Black Sea basin) through the southern steppes (see Granite-steppe lands of Buh park). It is Template:Convert long and drains Template:Convert.<ref name=bse>Южный Буг, Great Soviet Encyclopedia</ref>
Several regionally important cities and towns in Ukraine are located on the Southern Bug. Beginning in Western Ukraine and moving downstream, in a southeasterly direction, they are: Khmelnytskyi, Khmilnyk, Vinnytsia, Haivoron, Pervomaisk, Voznesensk and Mykolaiv.<ref name=bse/>
On several occasions the river served as an international border. At least following the 1768–1774 Russo-Turkish War, and more narrowly the Chyhyryn campaigns, the river became a border between the Imperial Russia and Ottomans. Some 200 years later between 1941 and 1944 during World War II the Southern Bug formed the border between German-occupied Ukraine (Reichskommissariat Ukraine) and the Romanian-occupied part of Ukraine, called Transnistria.
Nomenclature and etymologyEdit
Herodotus (c. 484–425 BCE) refers to the river using its ancient Greek name: Hypanis.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> During the Migration Period of the 5th to the 8th centuries CE the Southern Bug represented a major obstacle to all the migrating peoples in the area. In his work Getica, Jordanes calls the river Bogossola.<ref>Google search ("Bogossola" river Jordanes).</ref><ref name=bogossola>Southern Bug (Южный Буг). www.tourclub.com.ua.</ref> Mentioning of Bogossola could also be found in works of Guido of Pisa.<ref name=bogossola/>
The long-standing local Slavic name of the river, Boh (Cyrillic: Бог),<ref name=eou/> according to Zbigniew Gołąb as *bugъ/*buga derives from Indo-European verbal root *bheug- (having cognates in old Germanic word *bheugh- etc. with meaning of "bend, turn, moves away"), with hypothetical original meaning of "pertaining to a (river) bend", and derivatives in Russian búga ("low banks of a river, overgrown with bushes"), Polish bugaj ("bushes or woods in a river valley or on a steep river bank"), Latvian bauga ("marshy place by a river").<ref>Template:Citation</ref> The Polish linguist Jan Michał Rozwadowski was explaining that the name derived from the Indo-European root "water", "source", "swamp".<ref name=bogossola/> The 17th-century French military engineer and geographer Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan recorded the name of the river as Bog.<ref> Template:Cite book</ref>
HistoryEdit
Template:Expand section From the 16th to the 18th centuries most of the south of Ukraine was under Turkish imperial domination and the colonists renamed the river using their language to the Aq-su, meaning the "White river". Indigenous Slavic toponyms were re-established after the conquest of the Pontic region from Turkish domination in the 17th and 18th centuries.
On March 6, 1918, the Central Council of the Ukrainian People's Republic adopted a law on the "administrative-territorial division of Ukraine", dividing it into regional districts. One of these, Pobozhia (meaning lands of the Boh, Template:Langx), was in the upstream lands of the Southern Bug, near the source of the river.
TributariesEdit
The main tributaries of the Southern Bug are, from source to mouth (length in parentheses):
- Left: Buzhok (75), Ikva (57), Snyvoda (58), Desna (80), Sob (115), Udych (56), Synytsia (78), Synyukha (111), Velyka Korabelna (45), Mertvovid (114), Hnylyi Yelanets (103), Inhul (354)
- Right: Vovk (71), Zghar (95), Riv (104), Silnytsia (67), Dokhna (68), Savran (97), Kodyma (149), Bakshala (57), Chychyklia (156)
EcologyEdit
In October 2020, the Southern Bug was stocked with three hundred and fifty kilograms of Hungarian carp and 50 kilograms of silver carp at Khmelnytskyi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Bridges and ferriesEdit
The Varvarivskyi Bridge over Southern Bug in Mykolaiv is a swing bridge (facilitating ship building) with Europe's largest span (134 m).<ref name="KYIVDIPROTRANS">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is also the southernmost bridge over the river.
Edit
The river is technically navigable for dozens of kilometers up from its mouth; several river ports (such as Mykolaiv) exist.
In 2011, plans were announced to revive commercial freight navigation on the Southern Bug upstream of Mykolaiv, to facilitate the increasing grain export from Ukraine.<ref>«НИБУЛОН» заложил основу собственного флотаTemplate:In lang</ref> As of April 2018, freight navigation was renewed between the estuary and a newly built grain terminal in the village of Prybuzhany, Voznesensk Raion, in the center of the Mykolaiv Oblast.
GalleryEdit
- Southern Bug under ice.JPG
Winter-frozen Southern Bug in Mykolaiv.
- Rika Ploska vpadaye v Pivdenny Bug, Khmelnitsky, 2005 07 28.jpg
The Template:Ill emptying into the Southern Bug.
- South Bug Vinnitsa 2006 G1.JPG
Southern Bug in Vinnytsia.
- Ship M I Pirogov Vinnitsa 2006 G2.jpg
A riverboat on the river in Vinnytsia (2006).
- South bug08.jpg
Riverside skyline of Khmelnytskyi.
- Yujni bug 2.jpg
Southern Bug in vicinity of the Granite-steppe lands of Bug landscape park.
- Меджибізький замок (травень 2011).jpg
Southern Bug in Medzhybizh
- Confluence of the rivers Southern Bug and Dnieper.jpg
Historical map of the confluence of the rivers Southern Bug and Dnieper.