Venpa or Venba (வெண்பா in Tamil) is a form of classical Tamil poetry. Classical Tamil poetry has been classified based upon the rules of metric prosody.Template:Sfn Such rules form a context-free grammar. Every venba consists of between two and twelve lines. The venpa meter is used in songs of the types neṭu veṇ pāṭṭu ('long song in venpa meter'), kuṟu veṇ pāṭṭu 'short song in venpa meter', kaikkiḷai "one-sided love," and paripāṭṭu 'song that is quite accommodative' and in satirical compositions (aṅkatac ceyyuḷ).Template:Sfn
Popular books written in venba styleEdit
- All 1330 couplets from the Thirukkural, composed by Thiruvalluvar, are examples of venba. Tirukkural comes under a sub-category of venba called Kural venba, wherein each kural or couplet has only two lines.
- Nala venba1 is another classical work written in venba style.
- Niti venba2 is another venba style book that preaches values.
- Acharakkovai3 is another venba style book that preaches values
Basic elements of meter in classical Tamil poetryEdit
•Vowels and consonant-vowel compounds(such as ka, kā, ki, kī) in Tamil alphabet have been classified into ones with short sounds (kuril) and the ones with longer sounds (nedil).
• Asai(Acai): Vowels and such vowel-consonant compound/s optionally followed by a consonant is known as asai(lit. move). The Tamil word asai roughly corresponds to syllable/a group of syllables. Asai is of two types - Nēr(lit. linear/straightforward) asai and Nirai(lit.waves) asai.
•Sīr or cīr: Sīr is the metrical foot in Tamil poetry.
•Thalai(lit. binding): The juxtaposition of metrical foot patterns.
Note that the official terms for the different "asai"s are self-descriptive. For example, the word "ner" is itself classified as ner asai. And the word "nirai" is a nirai asai.
Grammar for meter in VenbaEdit
A set of well defined metric rules define the grammar for venba. Such rules have been proved to form a context-free grammar.Template:Sfn
One set of rules constrains the duration of sound for each word or cīr, while another set of rules defines the rules for the possible sounds at the beginning of a word that follows a given sound at the end of the preceding word. Any venbā should conform to both these sets of rules.
Following is the set of production rules corresponding to the first set of rules.
Following is the set of production rules corresponding to the second set of rules.
ExampleEdit
Following is a couplet from Tirukkural: Template:Verse translation
File:ParseTreeForKural.png Parse tree for the above Kural for the first set of grammar rules given in the grammar section - Note: 0 represents 'kuril' and 1 represents 'nedil' |
File:ProductionsForThalai.png Set of productions for the same Kural for the second set of rules given in the grammar section |
