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Haaretz (Template:Langx; originally Ḥadshot Haaretz – Template:Langx, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, Template:Literal translation) is an Israeli newspaper. It was founded in 1918, making it the longest running newspaper currently in print in Israel. The paper is published in Hebrew and English in the Berliner format, and is also available online. In North America, it is published as a weekly newspaper, combining articles from the Friday edition with a roundup from the rest of the week. Haaretz is Israel's newspaper of record.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It is known for its left-wing and liberal stances on domestic and foreign issues.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:As of Haaretz has the third-largest circulation in Israel.<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is widely read by international observers, especially in its English edition, and discussed in the international press.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to the Center for Research Libraries, among Israel's daily newspapers, "Haaretz is considered the most influential and respected for both its news coverage and its commentary."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
History and ownershipEdit
Haaretz was first published in 1918 as a newspaper sponsored by the British military government in Palestine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1919, it was taken over by a group of socialist-oriented Zionists, mainly from Russia.<ref name=fas>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="A fine and fragile balance">Template:Cite news</ref> The newspaper was established on 18 June 1919 by a group of businessmen including the philanthropist Isaac Leib Goldberg,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> initially called Hadashot Ha'aretz ("News of the Land"). Later, the name was shortened to Haaretz.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The literary section of the paper attracted leading Hebrew writers of the time.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
The newspaper was initially published in Jerusalem. From 1919 to 1922, the paper was headed by a succession of editors, among them Leib Yaffe. It was closed briefly due to a budgetary shortfall and reopened in Tel Aviv at the beginning of 1923 under the editorship of Moshe Glickson, who held the post for 15 years.<ref name="A fine and fragile balance"/> The Tel Aviv municipality granted the paper financial support by paying in advance for future advertisements.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, HaaretzTemplate:'s liberal viewpoint was to some degree associated with the General Zionist "A" faction,<ref name=Edelheit>Template:Cite book</ref> which later helped form the Progressive Party,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> though it was nonpartisan and careful not to espouse any specific party line.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It was considered the most sophisticated of the Yishuv's dailies.<ref name=Edelheit/>
Salman Schocken, a Jewish businessman who left Germany in 1934 after the Nazis had come to power, bought the paper in December 1935. Schocken was active in Brit Shalom, also known as the Jewish–Palestinian Peace Alliance, a body supporting co-existence between Jews and Arabs which was sympathetic to a homeland for both peoples. His son, Gershom Schocken, became the chief editor in 1939 and held that position until his death in 1990.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The Schocken family were the sole owners of the Haaretz Group until August 2006, when they sold a 25% stake to German publisher M. DuMont Schauberg.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The deal was negotiated with the help of the former Israeli ambassador to Germany, Avi Primor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This deal was seen as controversial in Israel as DuMont Schauberg's father, Kurt Neven DuMont, was member of the Nazi Party and his publishing house promoted Nazi ideology.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On 12 June 2011, it was announced that Russian-Israeli businessman Leonid Nevzlin had purchased a 20% stake in the Haaretz Group, buying 15% from the family and 5% from M. DuMont Schauberg.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In December 2019, members of the Schocken family bought all of the Haaretz stock belonging to M. DuMont Schauberg.<ref name=HaaretzOwn/> The deal saw the Schocken family reach 75% ownership, with the remaining 25% owned by Leonid Nevzlin.<ref name=HaaretzOwn/>
In October 2012, a union strike mobilized to protest planned layoffs by the Haaretz management, causing a one-day interruption of Haaretz and its TheMarker business supplement. According to Israel Radio, it was the first time since 1965 that a newspaper did not go to press on account of a strike.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On 24 November 2024, the Israeli government ordered a boycott of Haaretz by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to The Guardian, Haaretz "had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government."<ref name=":3">Template:Cite news</ref>
ManagementEdit
The newspaper's editorial policy was defined by Gershom Schocken, who was editor-in-chief from 1939 to 1990. Schocken was succeeded as editor-in-chief by Hanoch Marmari. In 2004 David Landau replaced Marmari and was succeeded by Dov Alfon in 2008.<ref name=remnick/> The current editor-in-chief of the newspaper is Aluf Benn, who replaced Alfon in August 2011.<ref name="benn-named" /> Charlotte Halle became editor of the English print edition in February 2008.
Walter Gross was a member of the governing editorial board and a columnist with the paper from 1951 to 1995.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Editorial policy and viewpointsEdit
Haaretz describes itself as having "a broadly liberal outlook both on domestic issues and on international affairs",<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and has been summarized as being "liberal on security, civil rights and economy, supportive of the Supreme Court, very critical of Netanyahu's government".<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Others describe it alternatively as liberal,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> centre-left,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> left-wing,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and the country's only major left-leaning newspaper.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The paper opposes retaining Israeli control over the Palestinian territories and consistently supports peace initiatives.<ref>Israel — Hebrew- and English-Language Media Guide, p. 14</ref> The Haaretz editorial line is supportive of weaker elements in Israeli society, such as sex workers, foreign laborers, Israeli Arabs, Ethiopian immigrants, and Russian immigrants.<ref name=fas/>
In 2006, the BBC said that Haaretz takes a moderate stance on foreign policy and security.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> David Remnick in The New Yorker described Haaretz as "easily the most liberal newspaper in Israel", its ideology as left-wing and its temper as "insistently oppositional".<ref name=remnick>Template:Cite news</ref> According to Ira Sharkansky, HaaretzTemplate:'s op-ed pages are open to a variety of opinions.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> J. J. Goldberg, the editor of the American The Jewish Daily Forward, describes Haaretz as "Israel's most vehemently anti-settlement daily paper".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Stephen Glain of The Nation described Haaretz as "Israel's liberal beacon", citing its editorials voicing opposition to the occupation, the discriminatory treatment of Arab citizens, and the mindset that led to the Second Lebanon War.<ref name=glazin/> A 2003 study in The International Journal of Press/Politics concluded that HaaretzTemplate:'s reporting of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict was more favorable to Israelis than to Palestinians but less so than that of The New York Times.<ref name="viser">Template:Cite journal</ref> In 2016, Jeffrey Goldberg, the editor-in-chief of The Atlantic, wrote: "I like a lot of the people at Haaretz, and many of its positions, but the cartoonish anti-Israelism and anti-Semitism can be grating."<ref>Journalist Jeffrey Goldberg stirs storm after tweeting he might stop reading Haaretz Template:Webarchive, JTA, 2 August 2016</ref><ref name="FT201610">Amos Schocken, third-generation proprietor of Ha'aretz Template:Webarchive, Financial Times, John Reed, 3 October 2016</ref>
Formatting, circulation, and reputationEdit
CirculationEdit
In 2022, a TGI survey found that Haaretz was the newspaper with the third largest readership in Israel, with an exposure rate of 4.7%, below Israel Hayom's rate of 31% and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}'s 23.9%.<ref name="auto"/>
Formatting and imageEdit
Haaretz uses smaller headlines and print than other mass circulation papers in Israel. Less space is devoted to pictures, and more to political analysis. Opinion columns are generally written by regular commentators rather than guest writers.<ref name=fas/> Its editorial pages are considered influential among government leaders.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Apart from the news, Haaretz publishes feature articles on social and environmental issues, as well as book reviews, investigative reporting, and political commentary. In 2008, the newspaper itself reported a paid subscribership of 65,000, daily sales of 72,000 copies, and 100,000 on weekends.<ref name=alfon/> The English edition has a subscriber base of 15,000.<ref name=glazin>Template:Cite news</ref>
Readership and receptionEdit
Despite its historically relatively low circulation in Israel, Haaretz has for many years been described as Israel's most influential daily newspaper.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 2006, it exposed a scandal regarding professional and ethical standards at Israeli hospitals.<ref>Template:Cite journalTemplate:Subscription required</ref> Its readership includes members of Israel's intelligentsia and members of its political and economic elites.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1999, surveys showed that Haaretz readership had above-average education, income, and wealth, and that most were Ashkenazi Jews.<ref name=glazin/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Some have said that Haaretz functions in Israel much as The New York Times does in the United States, as a newspaper of record.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journalTemplate:Subscription required</ref> In 2007, Shmuel Rosner, Haaretz's former U.S. correspondent, told The Nation, "people who read it are better educated and more sophisticated than most, but the rest of the country doesn't know it exists."<ref name=glazin/> According to Hanoch Marmari, a former Haaretz editor, the newspaper has lost its political influence in Israel because it became "detached" from the country's political life.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Andrea Levin, executive director of the pro-Israel Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America (CAMERA), said Haaretz was doing "damage to the truth" and sometimes making serious factual errors without correcting them.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to The Jerusalem Post, Haaretz editor-in-chief David Landau said at the 2007 Limmud conference in Moscow that he had told his staff not to report on criminal investigations against Prime Minister Ariel Sharon in order to promote Sharon's 2004–2005 Gaza disengagement plan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In April 2017, Haaretz published an op-ed by a staff writer that said the Israeli religious right was worse than Hezbollah.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Condemnation followed, including from Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, President Reuven Rivlin, and other government ministers and MPs, as well as from Opposition Leader Isaac Herzog.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On 31 October 2024, HaaretzTemplate:'s publisher Amos Schocken made remarks during a speech at a Haaretz conference in London, criticising the Netanyahu government for allegedly imposing an apartheid regime on the Palestinian population and referring to "Palestinian freedom fighters that Israel calls terrorists." In response, the Israeli interior, education, diaspora ministries severed ties with Haaretz while the Communications Minister Shlomo Karhi advocated a boycott of the newspaper covering all government bodies and employees.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Schocken distanced himself from parts of comments the next day, saying that "the use of terrorism is not legitimate". By 4 November, the newspaper had received hundreds of cancellation and subscription termination requests, and a decline in advertising revenue. Several ministries had requested to cancel their subscriptions, with the Israeli foreign ministry cancelling 90 subscriptions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Internet editionsEdit
Haaretz operates both Hebrew and English language websites. The two sites offer up-to-the-minute breaking news, live Q&A sessions with newsmakers from Israel, the Palestinian territories and elsewhere, and blogs covering a range of political standpoints and opinions. The two sites fall under the supervision of Lior Kodner, the head of digital media for the Haaretz Group. Individually, Simon Spungin is the editor of Haaretz.com (English) and Avi Scharf is the editor of Haaretz.co.il (Hebrew).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
OfficesEdit
The Haaretz building is on Schocken Street in south Tel Aviv.<ref name=remnick/>
The former Haaretz building of 1932–1973 was designed by architect Joseph Berlin. It was demolished in the early 1990s, with only part of the facade preserved and integrated into the new building at 56, Maza Street.
Journalists and writersEdit
PresentEdit
- Ruth Almog – literature, publicist
- Merav Arlosoroff – economy affairs columnist (in The Marker)
- Avraham Balaban – Tel Aviv and cultural history publicist
- Zvi Barel – Middle East affair commentator
- Omer Benjakob - technology, disinformation, Wikipedia
- Aluf Benn – editor-in-chief
- Bradley Burston – political columnist<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Saggi Cohen – food columnist
- Lily Galili<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Doram Gaunt – food columnist
- Avirama Golan
- Ehud Barak
- Ehud Olmert
- Zehava Galon
- Amos Harel – military correspondent
- Israel Harel – columnist
- Danna Harman – feature writer
- Amira Hass – Ramallah-based Palestinian affairs correspondent.
- Avi Issacharoff – military correspondent
- Uri Klein – film critic<ref name="autogenerated3" />
- Yitzhak Laor – publicist
- Alex Levac – photo columnist
- Gideon Levy – Palestinian affairs columnist
- Amir Mandel – classic music critic
- Amir Oren – military affairs
- Sammy Peretz – economic affairs columnist (in The Marker)
- Anshel Pfeffer – political and military affairs
- Tsafrir Rinat – environmental issues
- Guy Rolnick – economic affairs editorialist (of The Marker)
- Doron Rosenblum – satirist, publicist
- Ruth Schuster,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Senior Editor for archaeology and science at the Haaretz English Edition.
- Tom Segev – historian, political commentator
- Ben Shalev – popular music critic
- Nehemia Shtrasler – economic affairs, publicist
- Simon Spungin – Managing Editor, English Edition
- Gadi Taub – political commentary
- Amir Tibon
- Yossi Verter – political reporter
- Esther Zandberg – architecture
- Benny Ziffer – literature, publicist
PastEdit
- Nathan Alterman (1910–1970)
- Moshe Arens – columnist
- Ehud Asheri<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Gidi Avivi – popular music critic<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Meron Benvenisti (1934–2020) – political columnist
- Noam Ben Ze'ev – music critic
- Yoram Bronowski (1948–2001) – literary critic, TV critic
- Arie Caspi<ref>Template:Cite news Review of Template:Cite book</ref>
- Daniel Dagan
- Akiva Eldar – diplomatic affairs analyst<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Amos Elon (1926–2009) – correspondent, editor, writer
- Boaz Evron
- Michael Handelzalts – theater critic, columnist
- Sayed Kashua – satiric columnist, author
- Jerrold Kessel
- Yair Kotler<ref>The Egyptians Called It the 'Village of Death': What Haaretz Saw Near Gaza 70 Years Ago
</ref>
- Tami Litani
- Aviva Lori<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Yoel Marcus – political commentator, publicist<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Yossi Melman – former intelligence correspondent
- Natasha Mozgovaya – former U.S. correspondent
- Ran Reznick – health issues<ref name="autogenerated3">Template:Cite news</ref>
- Daniel Rogov – food and wine critic
- Danny Rubinstein – former Arab affairs analyst
- Gideon Samet – political commentator<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Yossi Sarid (1940–2015) – politician, publicist
- Ze'ev Schiff – military and defense analyst
- Daniel Ben Simon<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Ruth Sinai – social welfare and humanitarian issues
- Ze'ev Segal – law
- Ari Shavit – political columnist<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Failed verification</ref>
- Yair Sheleg – Jewish religious affairs<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Nadav Shragai
- Ze'ev Sternhell – political commentary
- Benjamin Tammuz (1919–1989) - literary critic, writer, editor of the literary supplement
- Pavel Wolberg – photographer
- Merav Michaeli
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
Further readingEdit
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External linksEdit
- Template:Official website
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