166 Rhodope

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | class = vcard | titleclass = fn org | title = 166 Rhodope | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=166Rhodope (Lightcurve Inversion).png|upright={{#if:||1.1}}|alt=}} | caption = Lightcurve-based 3-D model of Rhodope | headerstyle = {{#if:#D6D6D6|background-color:#D6D6D6|background-color:#E0CCFF}} | labelstyle = max-width:{{#if:||11em}}; | autoheaders = y

| header1 = Discovery<ref name="jpldata" />

| header10 = {{#if:|Designations|Designations}}

| header20 = Orbital characteristics{{#ifeq:|yes| (barycentric)}}<ref name="jpldata" />

| data21 = | data22 = {{#if:4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) |Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)}} | data23 = {{#if:0 | Uncertainty parameter 0}} | label24 = Observation arc | data24 = 132.05 yr (48,233 days) | label25 = Earliest precovery date | data25 = | label26 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |apsis|gee|barion|center|centre|(apsis)=Apo{{{apsis}}} |Ap{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}}} | data26 = 3.2539 AU | label27 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | data27 = 2.1165 AU | label28 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}} | data28 = | label29 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |helion|astron=Ap{{{apsis}}} |Apo{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}}} | data29 = | label30 = Periastron | data30 = | label31 = Apoastron | data31 = | label32 = Template:Longitem | data32 = 2.6852 AU | label33 = Template:Longitem | data33 = | label34 = Eccentricity | data34 = 0.2118 | label35 = Template:Longitem | data35 = 4.40 yr (1,607 days) | label36 = Template:Longitem | data36 = | label37 = Template:Longitem | data37 = | label38 = Template:Longitem | data38 = 324.65° | label39 = Template:Longitem | data39 = Template:Deg2DMS / day | label40 = Inclination | data40 = 12.028° | label41 = Template:Longitem | data41 = | label42 = Template:Longitem | data42 = 128.92° | label43 = Template:Longitem | data43 = | label44 = Template:Longitem | data44 = | label45 = Template:Longitem | data45 = 264.50° | label46 = Template:Nowrap | data46 = | label47 = Satellite of | data47 = | label48 = Group | data48 = | label49 = {{#switch: |yes|true=Satellites |Known satellites}} | data49 = | label50 = Star | data50 = | label51 = Earth MOID | data51 = | label52 = Mercury MOID | data52 = | label53 = Venus MOID | data53 = | label54 = Mars MOID | data54 = | label55 = Jupiter MOID | data55 = | label56 = Saturn MOID | data56 = | label57 = Uranus MOID | data57 = | label58 = Neptune MOID | data58 = | label59 = T_Jupiter | data59 =

| header60 = Proper orbital elements

| label61 = Template:Longitem | data61 = {{#if: |{{{p_semimajor}}} AU}} | label62 = Template:Longitem | data62 = | label63 = Template:Longitem | data63 = | label64 = Template:Longitem | data64 = {{#if: |{{{p_mean_motion}}} deg Template:\yr}} | label65 = Template:Longitem | data65 = {{#if:|{{#expr:360/1 round 5}} yr
({{#expr:365.25*360/1 round 3}} d) }} | label66 = Template:Longitem | data66 = {{#if:|{{{perihelion_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr }} | label67 = Template:Longitem | data67 = {{#if:|{{{node_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr}}

| header70 = Template:Anchor{{#if:yes| Physical characteristics|Physical characteristics}}

| label71 = Dimensions | data71 = Template:Val km<ref name="Nugent-2015" />
Template:Val km<ref name="Masiero-2014" />
Template:Val km<ref name="AKARI" />
Template:Val km<ref name="WISE" />
54.56 km Template:Small<ref name="lcdb" />
Template:Val km<ref name="Pravec-2012b" />
Template:Val km<ref name="Nugent-2016" />
Template:Val km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> | label72 = Template:Longitem | data72 = | label73 = Template:Longitem | data73 = | label74 = Template:Longitem | data74 = | label75 = Template:Longitem | data75 = | label76 = Flattening | data76 = | label77 = Circumference | data77 = | label78 = Template:Longitem | data78 = | label79 = Volume | data79 = | label80 = Mass | data80 = | label81 = Template:Longitem | data81 = | label82 = Template:Longitem | data82 = | label83 = Template:Longitem | data83 = | label84 = Template:Longitem | data84 = | label85 = Template:Longitem | data85 = Template:Val h<ref name="Hanus-2013a" />
Template:Val hTemplate:Efn
4.715 h<ref name="lcdb" />
Template:Val h<ref name="geneva-obs" />
Template:Val hTemplate:Small<ref name="Harris-1999a" /> | label86 = Template:Longitem | data86 = | label87 = Template:Longitem | data87 = | label88 = Template:Longitem | data88 = | label89 = Template:Longitem | data89 = | label90 = Template:Longitem | data90 = | label91 = Template:Longitem | data91 = | label92 = Template:Longitem | data92 = | label93 = {{#if:yes |Template:Longitem |Albedo}} | data93 = Template:Val<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
Template:Val<ref name="Nugent-2016" />
Template:Val<ref name="WISE" />
Template:Val<ref name="Pravec-2012b" />
Template:Val<ref name="AKARI" />
Template:Val<ref name="Nugent-2015" /> | label94 = Temperature | data94 =

| data100 = {{#if:|

Surface temp.	min	mean	max
{{{temp_name1}}}
{{{temp_name2}}}
{{{temp_name3}}}
{{{temp_name4}}}

}}

| label101 = Surface absorbed dose rate | data101 = | label102 = Surface equivalent dose rate | data102 = | label103 = Template:Longitem | data103 = Tholen = GC:<ref name="jpldata" />
SMASS = Xe<ref name="jpldata" />
C<ref name="Veres-2015" />Template:·P<ref name="WISE" />Template:·X<ref name="lcdb" />
B–V = 0.725<ref name="jpldata" />
U–B = 0.425<ref name="jpldata" /> | label104 = Template:Longitem | data104 = | label105 = Template:Longitem | data105 = | label106 = Template:Longitem | data106 = 9.75<ref name="lcdb" />Template:·Template:Val<ref name="Pravec-2012b" /><ref name="Harris-1999a" />Template:·9.89<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />Template:·9.95<ref name="Nugent-2016" />Template:·Template:Val<ref name="Veres-2015" /> | label107 = Template:Longitem | data107 =

| header110 = Atmosphere

| below = {{#if:||Template:Reflist }}

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166 Rhodope is a dark background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 55 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 August 1876, by German–American astronomer Christian Peters at the Litchfield Observatory in Clinton, New York, United States.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named after Queen Rhodope from Greek mythology.<ref name="springer" />

Orbit and classificationEdit

Rhodope is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population, when applying the Hierarchical Clustering Method to its proper orbital elements.<ref name="Ferret" /> Alternatively, it has been dynamically assigned to the stony Eunomia family (Template:Small),<ref name="lcdb" /> which have a different spectral class and albedo than that of Rhodope though.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />Template:Rp The asteroid has also been considered a member of the Adeona family.Template:Citation needed

Rhodope orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,607 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins with the first recorded observation by the MPC at Vienna Observatory on 10 September 1885, or more than 9 years after its official discovery observation at Clinton.<ref name="MPC-object" />

On 19 October 2005, it was observed occulting the prominent star Regulus from Vibo Valentia, Italy.<ref name="Sigismondi-2008" />

Physical characteristicsEdit

Spectral typeEdit

RhodopeTemplate:'s spectral type is ambiguous. In the Tholen classification, the noisy spectrum is closest to a G-type and somewhat similar to a common C-type (GC:).<ref name="jpldata" /> In the SMASS classification, it is an Xe-subtype, that transitions from the X-type to the very bright E-type.<ref name="jpldata" /> In addition, Rhodope has also been characterized as a primitive P-type and carbonaceous C-type by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and by Pan-STARRS photometric survey, respectively.<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Veres-2015" />

Rotation periodEdit

Two well-defined rotational lightcurves of Rhodope were obtained from photometric observations by French astronomer Matthieu Conjat and by an anonymous observer of the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL). Lightcurve analysis gave a consolidated rotation period of 4.715 hours with a brightness variation of 0.35 to 0.36 magnitude (Template:Small).<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="geneva-obs" />Template:Efn The result supersedes a period of 7.87 hours measured by Alan Harris in the early 1980s (Template:Small).<ref name="Harris-1999a" />

PolesEdit

In 2013, the asteroid's lightcurve was also modeled from combined dense and sparse photometry. It gave a concurring sidereal period of 4.714793 hours. The modelling also determined two spin axis of (345.0°, −22.0°) and (173.0°, −3.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).<ref name="Hanus-2013a" />

Diameter and albedoEdit

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Rhodope measures between 39.04 and 65.29 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.046 and 0.10.<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />

CALL adopts Petr Pravec's revised WISE-data, that is, an albedo of 0.0747 and a diameter of 54.56 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.75.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" />

NamingEdit

This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after Queen Rhodope of Thrace, wife of King Haemus and attendant of Artemis, also see Template:MoMP. In vanity, Rhodope and Haemus compared themselves to the gods Zeus and Hera, see Template:MoMP and Template:MoMP, who punished the couple by changing them into the Rhodope Mountains and Balkan Mountains, respectively.<ref name="springer" />

NotesEdit

Template:Notelist

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info Template:Webarchive)
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
Template:AstDys
Template:JPL small body

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