Records of the Three Kingdoms

The Records of the Three Kingdoms is a Chinese official history written by Chen Shou in the late 3rd century CE, covering the end of the Han dynasty (Template:CircaTemplate:Snd220 CE) and the subsequent Three Kingdoms period (220–280 CE). It is regarded as to be the authoritative source text for these periods. Compiled following the reunification of China under the Jin dynasty (266–420), the work chronicles the political, social, and military events within rival states Cao Wei, Shu Han and Eastern Wu into a single text organized by individual biography.

The Records are the primary source of information for the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, considered to be one of the four classic novels emblematic of written vernacular Chinese.

While large subsections of the work have been selected and translated into English, the entire corpus has yet to receive an unabridged English translation.

Origin and structure

The Book of Han and Records of the Three Kingdoms join the original Han-era universal history Records of the Grand Historian to constitute the first three entries in the Twenty-Four Histories canon, with each work cementing the new genre's literary and historiographical qualities as established by Sima Qian. The Records of the Three Kingdoms consist of 65 fascicles divided into three books—one per eponymous kingdom—totaling around 360,000 Chinese characters in length. The Book of Wei, Book of Shu, and Book of Wu receive 30 fascicles, 15 fascicles, and 20 fascicles respectively. Each fascicle is organised in the form of one or more biographies.

The author Chen Shou was born in present-day Nanchong, Sichuan, then in the state of Shu Han. After the Conquest of Shu by Wei in 263, he became an official historian under the government of the Jin dynasty, and created a history of the Three Kingdoms period. After the Conquest of Wu by Jin in 280, his work received the acclaim of senior minister Zhang Hua.

Prior to the Jin dynasty, both the states of Cao Wei and Wu has already composed their own official histories: the Book of Wei by Wang Chen, Xun Yi, and Ruan Ji; and the Book of Wu by Wei Zhao, Hua He, Xue Ying, Zhou Zhao ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), and Liang Guang ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}). Additionally, Yu Huan had completed his privately compiled history of Wei, the Weilüe. Chen Shou used these texts as the foundation of the Records of the Three Kingdoms. However, since the state of Shu lacked an official history bureau, the Book of Shu in the Records was composed by Chen Shou himself based on his earlier personal notes about events in Shu and other primary sources he collected, such as his previously compiled writings of Zhuge Liang.Template:Sfnp

The Records of the Three Kingdoms used the year 220 CE—when the last emperor of the Han dynasty was forced to abdicate to Cao Pi—as the year in which the Wei dynasty was established. The Records refer to the rulers of Wei as 'Emperors' and those of Shu and Wu as 'Lords' or by their personal names.

Dates

Due to the biographical rather than primarily annalistic arrangement of the work, assigning dates to the historical content is both imprecise and non-trivial. Certain fascicles contain background information about their subjects' forebears which date back centuries before the main record. For example, the biography of Liu Yan begins with discussing his ancestor Liu Yu's enfeoffment at Jingling (present-day Tianmen, Hubei) in around 85 CE.<ref>Records of the Three Kingdoms, vol. 31.</ref> The first event to receive detailed description throughout the work is the Yellow Turban Rebellion in 184. Many biographies make passing mention of the event, but more concrete information such as correspondence and troop movements during the uprising can be found in fragmentary form in at least four fascicles: the biographies of Cheng Yu,<ref>Records of the Three Kingdoms, vol. 14.</ref> Yu Jin,<ref>Records of the Three Kingdoms, vol. 17.</ref> Liu Bei,<ref>Records of the Three Kingdoms, vol. 32.</ref> and Sun Jian.<ref>Records of the Three Kingdoms, vol. 46.</ref>

The three books in the Records of the Three Kingdoms end at different dates, with the main section of the Book of Wei ending with the abdication of Cao Huan in February 266, the Book of Shu ending with the death of Liu Shan in 271, and the Book of Wu ending with the death of Sun Hao in 284.<ref>Records of the Three Kingdoms, vol. 28.</ref>

One abstract regarding the chronology is translated as follows:

In the 24th year (of Jian'an), the Former Lord became the King of Hanzhong, and he appointed (Guan) Yu as the General of the Vanguard. In the same year, (Guan) Yu led his men to attack Cao Ren at Fan. Lord Cao sent Yu Jin to aid (Cao) Ren. In autumn, great rains caused the Han River to flood. (Yu) Jin and all seven armies he oversaw were inundated.<ref>(二十四年，先主為漢中王，拜羽為前將軍，假節鉞。是歲，羽率眾攻曹仁於樊。曹公遣于禁助仁。秋，大霖雨，漢水汎溢，禁所督七軍皆沒。) Sanguozhi vol. 36.</ref>{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

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Contents

Book of Wei (魏書)

#	Title	Translation	Notes
lang}}	lang}}	Annals of Emperor Wu	Cao Cao
lang}}	lang}}	Annals of Emperor Wen	Cao Pi
lang}}	lang}}	Annals of Emperor Ming	Cao Rui
lang}}	lang}}	Annals of the three young emperors	Cao Fang, Cao Mao, Cao Huan
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of empresses and concubines	Lady Bian, Lady Zhen, Guo Nüwang, Empress Mao, Empress Guo
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Dong, the two Yuans, and Liu	Dong Zhuo, Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Liu Biao
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Lü Bu and Zang Hong	Zhang Miao, Chen Deng
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of the two Gongsuns, Tao, and the four Zhangs	Gongsun Zan, Tao Qian, Zhang Yang, Gongsun Du, Zhang Yan, Zhang Xiu, Zhang Lu
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of the Xiahous and Caos	Xiahou Dun, Han Hao, Xiahou Yuan, Cao Ren, Cao Chun, Cao Hong, Cao Xiu, Cao Zhen, Cao Shuang, Xiahou Shang, Xiahou Xuan
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Xun Yu, Xun You, and Jia Xu
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Yuan, Zhang, Liang, Guo, Tian, Wang, Bing, and Guan	Yuan Huan, Zhang Fan, Zhang Cheng, Liang Mao, Guo Yuan, Tian Chou, Wang Xiu, Bing Yuan, Guan Ning
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Cui, Mao, Xu, He, Xing, and Sima	Cui Yan, Mao Jie, Xu Yi, He Kui, Xing Yong, Bao Xun, Sima Zhi
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Zhong Yao, Hua Xin, and Wang Lang	Zhong Yu, Wang Su
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Cheng, Dong, Guo, Liu, Jiang, and Liu	Cheng Yu, Cheng Xiao, Guo Jia, Dong Zhao, Liu Ye, Jiang Ji, Liu Fang
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Liu, Sima, Liang, Zhang, Wen, and Jia	Liu Fu, Liu Jing, Sima Lang, Liang Xi, Zhang Ji (Derong), Zhang Ji (Jingzhong), Wen Hui, Jia Kui
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Ren, Su, Du, Zheng, and Cang	Ren Jun, Su Ze, Du Ji, Zheng Hun, Cang Ci
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Zhang, Yue, Yu, Zhang, and Xu	Zhang Liao, Yue Jin, Yu Jin, Zhang He, Xu Huang
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of the two Lis, Zang, Wen, Lü, Xu, Dian, the two Pangs, and Yan	Li Dian, Li Tong, Zang Ba, Wen Ping, Lü Qian, Xu Chu, Dian Wei, Pang De, Pang Yu, Yan Wen
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of the princes of Rencheng, Chen, and Xiao	Cao Zhang, Cao Zhi, Cao Xiong
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of nobles in Emperors Wu and Wen's time	Cao Ang, Cao Shuo, Cao Chong, Cao Ju (Prince of Pengcheng), Cao Yu, Cao Lin (Prince of Pei), Cao Gun, Cao Xuan, Cao Jun (Prince of Chenliu), Cao Ju (Prince of Fanyang), Cao Gan, Cao Zishang, Cao Biao, Cao Ziqin, Cao Zicheng, Cao Zizheng, Cao Zijing, Cao Jun (Duke of Fan), Cao Ziji, Cao Hui, Cao Mao (Prince of Laoling), Cao Xie, Cao Rui (Prince of Beihai), Cao Jian, Cao Lin (Prince of Donghai), Cao Li, Cao Yong, Cao Gong, Cao Yan
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Wang, Wei, and the two Lius	Wang Can, Wei Ji, Liu Yi, Liu Shao, Fu Gu
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Huan, the two Chens, Xu, Wei, and Lu	Huan Jie, Chen Qun, Chen Tai, Chen Jiao, Xu Xuan, Wei Zhen, Lu Yu
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of He, Chang, Yang, Du, Zhao, and Pei	He Qia, Chang Lin, Yang Jun, Du Xi, Zhao Yan, Pei Qian
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Han, Cui, Gao, Sun, and Wang	Han Ji, Cui Lin, Gao Rou, Sun Li, Wang Guan
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Xin Pi, Yang Fu, and Gaotang Long
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Man, Tian, Qian, and Guo	Man Chong, Tian Yu, Qian Zhao, Guo Huai
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Xu, Hu, and the two Wangs	Xu Miao, Hu Zhi, Wang Chang, Wang Ji
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Wang, Guanqiu, Zhuge, Deng and Zhong	Wang Ling, Guanqiu Jian, Zhuge Dan, Deng Ai, Zhong Hui
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of fangshi and artisans	Hua Tuo, Du Kui, Zhu Jianping, Zhou Xuan, Guan Lu
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of the Wuhuan, Xianbei, and Dongyi	Wuhuan, Xianbei, Buyeo, Goguryeo, Okjeo, Yilou, Yemaek, Samhan, Wa (Wajinden); and a long footnote at the end containing the chapter on the Xirong, or 'Peoples of the West' from the Weilüe, or "Brief Account of the Wei Dynasty", composed by Yu Huan in the second third of the 3rd century CE.

Book of Shu (蜀書)

#	Title	Translation	Notes
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of the two Governor Lius	Liu Yan, Liu Zhang
lang}}	lang}}	Biography of the Former Lord	Liu Bei
lang}}	lang}}	Biography of the Later Lord	Liu Shan
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of concubines and sons of the two Lords	Lady Gan, Empress Wu, Empress Zhang (former), Empress Zhang (later), Liu Yong, Liu Li, Liu Xuan
lang}}	lang}}	Biography of Zhuge Liang	Zhuge Qiao, Zhuge Zhan, Dong Jue
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Guan, Zhang, Ma, Huang, and Zhao	Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, Huang Zhong, Zhao Yun
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Pang Tong and Fa Zheng
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Xu, Mi, Sun, Jian, Yi, and Qin	Xu Jing, Mi Zhu, Mi Fang, Sun Qian, Jian Yong, Yi Ji, Qin Mi
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Dong, Liu, Ma, Chen, Dong, and Lü	Dong He, Liu Ba, Ma Liang, Ma Su, Chen Zhen, Dong Yun, Chen Zhi, Huang Hao, Lü Yi
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Liu, Peng, Liao, Li, Liu, Wei, and Yang	Liu Feng, Peng Yang, Liao Li, Li Yan, Liu Yan, Wei Yan, Yang Yi
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Huo, Wang, Xiang, Zhang, Yang, and Fei	Huo Jun, Huo Yi, Wang Lian, Xiang Lang, Xiang Chong, Zhang Yi, Yang Hong, Fei Shi
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Du, Zhou, Du, Xu, Meng, Lai, Yin, Li, Qiao, and Xi	Du Wei, Zhou Qun, Zhang Yu, Du Qiong, Xu Ci, Hu Qian, Meng Guang, Lai Min, Yin Mo, Li Zhuan, Qiao Zhou, Xi Zheng
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Huang, Li, Lü, Ma, Wang, and Zhang	Huang Quan, Li Hui, Lü Kai, Ma Zhong, Wang Ping, Zhang Ni
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Jiang Wan, Fei Yi, and Jiang Wei
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Deng, Zhang, Zong, and Yang	Deng Zhi, Zhang Yi, Zong Yu, Liao Hua, Yang Xi

Book of Wu (吳書)

#	Title	Translation	Notes
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Sun Who Destroys Barbarians, and Sun Who Attacks Rebels	Sun Jian, Sun Ce
lang}}	lang}}	Biography of the Lord of Wu	Sun Quan
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of the three heirs	Sun Liang, Sun Xiu, Sun Hao
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Liu Yao, Taishi Ci, and Shi Xie	Ze Rong, Liu Ji
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of concubines and ladies	Lady Wu, Wu Jing, Lady Xie, Lady Xu, Bu Lianshi, Empress Dayi, Empress Jinghuai, Empress Pan, Quan Huijie, Empress Zhu, Empress Dowager He, Teng Fanglan
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of nobles	Sun Jing, Sun Yu, Sun Jiao, Sun Huan, Sun Ben, Sun Fu, Sun Yi, Sun Kuang, Sun Shao, Sun Huan
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Zhang, Gu, Zhuge, and Bu	Zhang Zhao, Zhang Cheng, Zhang Xiu, Gu Yong, Gu Shao, Gu Tan, Gu Cheng, Zhuge Jin, Bu Zhi
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Zhang, Yan, Cheng, Kan, and Xue	Zhang Hong, Yan Jun, Cheng Bing, Kan Ze, Xue Zong
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Zhou Yu, Lu Su, and Lü Meng
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Cheng, Huang, Han, Jiang, Zhou, Chen, Dong, Gan, Ling, Xu, Pan, and Ding	Cheng Pu, Huang Gai, Han Dang, Jiang Qin, Zhou Tai, Chen Wu, Dong Xi, Gan Ning, Ling Tong, Xu Sheng, Pan Zhang, Ding Feng
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Zhu Zhi, Zhu Ran, Lü Fan, and Zhu Huan	Shi Ji, Zhu Yi
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Yu, Lu, Zhang, Luo, Lu, Wu, and Zhu	Yu Fan, Lu Ji, Zhang Wen, Luo Tong, Lu Mao, Wu Can, Zhu Ju
lang}}	lang}}	Biography of Lu Xun	Lu Kang
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of the five sons of the Lord of Wu	Sun Deng, Sun Lü, Sun He, Sun Ba, Sun Fen
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of He, Quan, Lü, Zhou, and Zhongli	He Qi, Quan Cong, Lü Dai, Zhou Fang, Zhongli Mu
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Pan Jun and Lu Kai
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Shi Yi and Hu Zong
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Wu Fan, Liu Dun, and Zhao Da
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Zhuge, Teng, the two Suns, and Puyang	Zhuge Ke, Teng Yin, Sun Jun, Sun Chen, Puyang Xing
lang}}	lang}}	Biographies of Wang, Lou, He, Wei, and Hua	Wang Fan, Lou Xuan, He Shao, Wei Zhao, Hua He

Annotations

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

During the fifth century, the Liu Song dynasty historian Pei Songzhi (372–451) extensively annotated Chen Shou's Records of the Three Kingdoms using a variety of other sources, augmenting the text to twice the length of the original. This work, completed in 429, became one of the official histories of the Three Kingdoms period, under the title Sanguozhi zhu (三国志注 zhu meaning "notes"). Bibliographical records indicate that up until Pei's own Liu Song dynasty, Chen Shou's three books had circulated individually rather than as a single work.Template:Sfnp

Pei collected other records to add information he felt should be added. He provided detailed explanations to some of the geography and other elements mentioned in the original. He also included multiple accounts of the same events. Sometimes, the accounts he added contradicted each other, but he included them anyway since he could not decide which version was the correct one. If Pei added something that sounded wrong, he would make a note or even offer a correction. In regard to historical events and figures, as well as Chen Shou's original text, he added his own commentary.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Crucially, he cited his sources in almost every case.

Legacy

The Records of the Three Kingdoms was the main source of inspiration for the 14th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, one of the four great Classic Chinese Novels. As such the records is considered one of the most influential historical and cultural texts in Chinese history. In addition, the records provide one of the earliest accounts of Korea and Japan. Chen's Records set the standard for how Korea and Japan would write their official histories as well.<ref name="durrant">Template:Cite book</ref>

Influence on Asia

Chen's Records is the chronologically final text of the "Four Histories" ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), which together influenced and served as a model for Korean and Japanese official histories.<ref name="durrant" />

The Records are important to the research of early Korean ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Samguk ji) and Japanese history (三国志 Sangokushi). It provides, among other things, the first detailed account of Korean and Japanese societies such as Goguryeo, Yemaek and Wa. The passages in Fascicle 30 about the Wa, where the Yamatai-koku and its ruler Queen Himiko are recorded, are referred to as the Wajinden in Japanese studies. The Japanese did not have their own records until more than three centuries later, with the earliest extant native record being the Kojiki of 712.Template:Sfn

Romance of the Three Kingdoms

The text forms the foundation on which the 14th-century novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong is based. In addition, Chen Shou's literary style and vivid portrayal of characters have been a source of influence for the novel.<ref name="durrant" />

The Records include biographies of historical figures such as Cao Cao and Guan Yu who feature prominently in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, though the Romance also includes a number of characters and stories that are fictional. However, most of the historical facts were drawn from Chen's Records.<ref name="durrant" />

Translations

The Records of the Three Kingdoms has not been fully translated into English. William Gordon Crowell alludes to a project to translate Chen Shou's work with Pei Songzhi's commentary in full, but it was apparently discontinued.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Parts of that project are published by Robert Joe Cutter and William Gordon Crowell under the title Empresses and Consorts: Selections from Chen Shou's Records of the Three States With Pei Songzhi's Commentary (University of Hawaii Press, 1999), which includes the translations for fascicles 5, 34, and 50.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Other translations include Kenneth J. Dewoskin's Doctors Diviners and Magicians of Ancient China: Biographies of Fang-Shih (Columbia University Press, 1983), which includes a full translation of fascicle 29. Rafe de Crespigny, in addition to his translation of Sun Jian's biography (Fascicle 46), also translated excerpts of the Records of the Three Kingdoms in his translation of the Zizhi Tongjian that deals with the last years of the Han dynasty, as does Achilles Fang, who translated the Zizhi Tongjian fascicles that deal with the Three Kingdoms period proper. The Zizhi Tongjian fascicles in question draw heavily from Records of the Three Kingdoms. Further excerpts of the Records can be found in various sourcebooks dealing with East Asian history.

Below is a table containing the known English translations of the Records of the Three Kingdoms that have been published in academia:<ref>Note that Records of the Three Kingdoms in Plain Language is not a translation of Sanguozhi, but a translation of Sanguozhi Pinghua ("Pinghua" means "plain language"), a novel that served as the basis for the later and more famous Romance of the Three Kingdoms.</ref>

Fascicle	Title of translation	Translator(s)	Publish year	URL/page numbers	Notes
5 (Wei 5)	Empresses and Consorts: Selections from Chen Shou's Records of the Three States With Pei Songzhi's Commentary	Robert Joe Cutter and William Gordon Crowell	1999	pp. 89–114	Lady Bian, Lady Zhen, Guo Nüwang, Empress Mao, Empress Guo
8 (Wei 8)	Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, 2nd Ed	Patricia Buckley Ebrey	2009	pp.84–5	The section titled "Heterodox Bandits" is an unannotated translation of the Dianlüe footnote of the Zhang Lu chapter, about Zhang Xiu ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}})
9 (Wei 9)	Early Medieval China: A Sourcebook	Timothy M. Davis	2013	pp. 135–46	Translation of the correspondence between Xiahou Xuan and Sima Yi from the biography of Xiahou Xuan
29 (Wei 29)	Doctors Diviners and Magicians of Ancient China: Biographies of Fang-Shih	Kenneth J. Dewoskin	1983		Hua Tuo, Du Kui, Zhu Jianping, Zhou Xuan, Guan Lu
	"The Biography of Hua-t'o from the History of the Three Kingdoms" in The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature	Victor H. Mair	1994	pp. 688–696	Hua Tuo
30 (Wei 30)	Sourcebook of Korean Civilization: Volume One: From Early Times to the 16th Century	Michael C. Rogers	1993	pp.13–24	Buyeo, Goguryeo, Okjeo, Yemaek, Samhan (abridged, Yilou omitted)
	"Chinese Accounts of Koguryŏ and its Neighbours" in The Review of Korean Studies, Volume 15 Number 2	Kenneth H. J. Gardiner	2012	pp. 91–113	Buyeo, Goguryeo, Okjeo
	"The Account of the Han in the Sanguozhi—An Annotated Translation" in Early Korea Vol. 2 (The Samhan Period in Korean History)	Mark E. Byington	2009	pp. 125–52	Samhan
	Japan in the Chinese dynastic histories: Later Han through Ming dynasties	Ryūsaku Tsunoda and Luther Carrington Goodrich	1951	pp. 8–16	Wa (Japan) only
	Himiko and Japan's Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai: Archaeology, History, and Mythology	J. Edward Kidder	2007	pp. 12–18
	Treatise on the People of Wa in the Chronicle of the Kingdom of Wei: The World's Earliest Written Text on Japan	Arikiyo Saeki and Joshua A. Fogel	2018
	The Peoples of the West from the Weilüe 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE.	John E. Hill	2004	[1]	Translation of the long Xirong footnote from the Weilüe, includes descriptions of the Western Regions including Rome
31 (Shu 1)	Record of The Three Kingdoms: The History of Shu – Fascicle One: "The Two Shepherds Liu"	William Gordon Crowell	2005	[2]	Liu Yan, Liu Zhang
32 (Shu 2)	Record of The Three Kingdoms: The History of Shu – Fascicle Two: "The Former Lord"	William Gordon Crowell	2006	[3]	Liu Bei
34 (Shu 4)	Empresses and Consorts: Selections from Chen Shou's Records of the Three States With Pei Songzhi's Commentary	Robert Joe Cutter and William Gordon Crowell	1999	pp. 115–21	Lady Gan, Empress Wu, Empress Zhang (former), Empress Zhang (later), Liu Yong, Liu Li, Liu Xuan
35 (Shu 5)	Zhuge Liang: Strategy, Achievements, and Writings	Ralph D. Sawyer	2014		Zhuge Liang (partial translation)
39 (Shu 9)	Record of The Three Kingdoms: The History of Shu – Fascicle Nine: Biographies of Dong He, Liu Ba, Ma Liang, Chen Zhen, Dong Yun, and Lü Yi	William Gordon Crowell	2006	[4]	Dong He, Liu Ba, Ma Liang, Ma Su, Chen Zhen, Dong Yun, Chen Zhi, Lü Yi
42 (Shu 12)	Sanguo Zhi Fascicle 42: The Biography of Qiao Zhou	J. Michael Farmer	2017	[5]	Qiao Zhou only
46 (Wu 1)	The Biography of Sun Chien: Being an Annotated Translation of Pages 1 to 8a of Chüan 46 of the San-kuo Chih of Ch'en Shou in the Po-na Edition	Rafe de Crespigny	1966		Sun Jian only
49 (Wu 4)	Men of Hu, Men of Han, Men of the hundred man: the biography of Sī Nhiêp and the conceptualization of early Vietnamese society	Stephen O'Harrow	1986	pp. 259–65	Shi Xie only
50 (Wu 5)	Empresses and Consorts: Selections from Chen Shou's Records of the Three States With Pei Songzhi's Commentary	Robert Joe Cutter and William Gordon Crowell	1999	pp. 122–36	Lady Wu, Wu Jing, Lady Xie, Lady Xu, Bu Lianshi, Empress Dayi, Empress Jinghuai, Empress Pan, Quan Huijie, Empress Zhu, Empress Dowager He, Teng Fanglan

See also

• Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
• Timeline of the Three Kingdoms period
• Military history of the Three Kingdoms

References

Sources

• Template:Cite book
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External links

• Template:In lang Records of the Three Kingdoms on the Chinese Text Project page
• Template:In lang Records of the Three Kingdoms 《三國志》 Chinese text with matching English vocabulary