Jonathan D. Spence

Jonathan Dermot Spence Template:Postnominals (11 August 1936 – 25 December 2021) was a British-American historian, sinologist, and author specialised in Chinese history. He was Sterling Professor of History at Yale University from 1993 to 2008. His most widely read book is The Search for Modern China, a survey of the last several hundred years of Chinese history based on his popular course at Yale. A prolific author, reviewer, and essayist, he published over a dozen books on China. Spence's major interest was modern China, especially the Qing dynasty, and relations between China and the West.<ref name="Roberts">Roberts, Priscilla "Spence, Jonathan D." pages 1136–1137 from The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing edited by Kelly Boyd, Volume 2, London:Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1999 page 1136.</ref> Spence frequently used biographies to examine cultural and political history. Another common theme is the efforts of both Westerners and Chinese "to change China",<ref>Jonathan D. Spence To Change China; Western Advisers in China, 1620–1960. Boston: Little Brown, 1969</ref> and how such efforts were frustrated.<ref name="Roberts"/>

Early life and education

Spence was born on 11 August 1936 to Muriel (Template:Née Crailsham) and Dermot Spence in Surrey in England. His mother was a French researcher while his father worked at an art gallery and a publishing house.<ref name=":0"/>

Spence was educated at Winchester College until 1954. He then spent two years in the British Army and was deployed to Germany.<ref name=":0"/> He read history at Clare College, Cambridge and received his bachelor's degree in 1959.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> While at Cambridge he was the editor of the campus magazine and was also the co-editor of British literary magazine Granta.<ref name=":0"/> He went to Yale University on a Clare-Mellon Fellowship to study the history and culture of China, receiving an MA and then a PhD in 1965, when he won the John Addison Porter Prize. As part of his graduate training, he spent a year in Australia to study under Fang Chao-ying and Tu Lien-che, scholars of the Qing dynasty.<ref name="AHABio">Frederic E. Wakeman Jr., Jonathan D. Spence Template:Webarchive at American Historical Association website (retrieved 10 March 2010).</ref>

Academic career

Spence taught a popular undergraduate course at Yale University on the history of modern China, which formed the basis for his book The Search for Modern China (1990).<ref name="NYT19900513">Template:Cite news</ref> He taught at Yale for more than 40 years. During this time he wrote many books on China that furthered the understanding of the country and its culture with Western audiences. Some of his books during this period included The Search for Modern China (1990), which was published on the back of the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989, and God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan (1996).<ref name=":0" />

Spence was president of the American Historical Association between 2004 and 2005.<ref name="AHABio" /> While his primary focus was on Qing dynasty China, he also wrote a biography of Mao Zedong<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and The Gate of Heavenly Peace, a study of twentieth-century intellectuals and their relation to revolution.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> He retired from Yale in 2008.<ref name="AP-Obit">Template:Cite news</ref>

His book The Search for Modern China was a New York Times best seller and documented the evolution of China starting from the decline of the Ming dynasty in the early 1600s to the pro-democracy movement of 1989, while his book Treason by the Book (2001) documented the story of a scholar who took on the third Manchu Emperor in the 1700s.<ref name=":0" />

Honors

Spence received eight honorary degrees in the United States as well as from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and (in 2003) from Oxford University. He was invited to become a visiting professor at Peking University<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and an honorary professor at Nanjing University.<ref name="AHABio"/> He was named Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 2001,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and in 2006, he was elected an Honorary Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

He received the William C. DeVane Medal of the Yale Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa (1952); a Guggenheim Fellowship (1979); the Los Angeles Times History Prize (1982), and the Vursel Prize of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters (1983). He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1985), named a MacArthur Fellow (1988), appointed to the Council of Scholars of the Library of Congress (1988), elected a member of the American Philosophical Society (1993), and named a corresponding fellow of the British Academy (1997).<ref name="AHABio"/>

In May and June 2008, he gave the 60th anniversary Reith Lectures, which were broadcast on BBC Radio 4.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In 2010, Spence was appointed to deliver the annual Jefferson Lecture at the Library of Congress, the US federal government's highest honour for achievement in the humanities.<ref>Jill Laster, "Eminent China Scholar Will Deliver 2010 Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities", Chronicle of Higher Education, 8 March 2010.</ref>

Personal life

Spence's name in Chinese, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (pinyin: Shǐ Jǐngqiān), was given to him by Fang Chao-ying to reflect his love of history and admiration for the Han dynasty historian Sima Qian. He chose the surname 史 (Shǐ; literally "history") and personal name {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (Jǐngqiān), where {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (jǐng) means admire (as in {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (qiān) was taken from the personal name of Sima Qian ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="WSJ-Obit" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Spence became a U.S. citizen in 2000.<ref name="NEH">Skinner, David (2010). Jonathan Spence Biography, National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved 14 September 2014.</ref>

Spence's wife Annping Chin was a senior lecturer in history at Yale with a PhD in Chinese thought from Columbia.<ref name="AP-Obit" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He had two sons from a previous marriage (1962–1993) to Helen Alexander, Colin and Ian Spence, two stepchildren, Yar Woo and Mei Chin, a grandchild as well as two step-grandchildren.<ref name="NYTObit" /><ref name="WSJ-Obit" /> Spence died from complications of Parkinson's disease on 25 December 2021, at the age of 85 at his residence in West Haven, Connecticut.<ref name="AP-Obit" /><ref name="NYTObit">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="WSJ-Obit">Template:Cite news</ref>

Bibliography

Books

• Tsʻao Yin and the Kʻang-hsi Emperor: bondservant and master (New Haven: Yale, 1966)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• To Change China: Western Advisers in China, 1620–1960 (Boston: Little Brown, 1969).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Emperor of China: Self-Portrait of K'ang-Hsi (New York: Knopf, 1974)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• The Death of Woman Wang (New York: Penguin, 1978). Story situated in 17th century Tancheng. Template:ISBN<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution 1895–1980 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci (New York: Penguin, 1984)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• The Question of Hu (New York: Knopf, 1987) Template:ISBN). Biography of John Hu 胡若望, 18th-century Chinese who went to France with Jean-François Foucquet.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• The Search for Modern China (1990; 2nd edition, 1999; 3rd edition 2013)<ref name="NYT19900513"/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Chinese Roundabout: Essays on History and Culture (New York: Norton, 1992)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• God's Chinese Son (New York: Norton, 1996) Template:ISBN. Biography of Hong Xiuquan, leader of Taiping Rebellion.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• (with Annping Chin): Chinese Century: A Photographic History of the Last Hundred Years (Random House, 1996)
• The Chan's Great Continent: China in Western Minds (New York: Norton, 1998)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Template:Cite book
  • Template:Cite news<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
• Treason by the Book (2001) Template:ISBN<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Return to Dragon Mountain: Memories of a Late Ming Man (2007) Viking, 332 pages. Template:ISBN

Book reviews

• "The Dream of Catholic China" The New York Review of Books 54/11 (28 June 2007) : 22–24 [reviews Liam Matthew Brockey, Journey to the East: the Jesuit Mission to China, 1579–1724]<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

References

Sources

• {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}.

• Template:Cite FTP
• Bruce Mazlish, "The Question of the Question of Hu", History and Theory 11 (1992): 141–152
• Mirsky, Jonathan. Review of Chinese Roundabout The New York Review of Books, Volume 39, Issue No. 17 (5 November 1992): 51–55.
• Nathan, Andrew J. "A Culture of Cruelty: Review of The Search for Modern China" pages 30–34 from The New Republic, Volume 203 (30 July 1990): 50–54.
• Roberts, Priscilla. "Spence, Jonathan D.", The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing edited by Kelly Boyd, Volume 2, (London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1999. Template:ISBN): 1136–1137.

External links

• Spence archive from The New York Review of Books
• Template:C-SPAN